TWM318290U - Apparatus for implementing space time processing with unequal modulation and coding schemes - Google Patents

Apparatus for implementing space time processing with unequal modulation and coding schemes Download PDF

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Publication number
TWM318290U
TWM318290U TW096200514U TW96200514U TWM318290U TW M318290 U TWM318290 U TW M318290U TW 096200514 U TW096200514 U TW 096200514U TW 96200514 U TW96200514 U TW 96200514U TW M318290 U TWM318290 U TW M318290U
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spatial
transmitter
stream
data stream
equation
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TW096200514U
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Robert Lind Olesen
Eldad M Zeira
Peter J Voltz
Yong-Wen Yang
Qing-Yuan Dai
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Interdigital Tech Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • H04L1/0618Space-time coding
    • H04L1/0637Properties of the code
    • H04L1/0643Properties of the code block codes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/309Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
    • H04B17/336Signal-to-interference ratio [SIR] or carrier-to-interference ratio [CIR]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621Feedback content
    • H04B7/0626Channel coefficients, e.g. channel state information [CSI]
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0667Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of delayed versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0669Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of delayed versions of same signal using different channel coding between antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0667Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of delayed versions of same signal
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    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0697Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using spatial multiplexing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0891Space-time diversity
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0002Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
    • H04L1/0003Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate by switching between different modulation schemes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0009Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the channel coding
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • H04L1/0606Space-frequency coding
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • H04L1/0618Space-time coding
    • H04L1/0625Transmitter arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • H04L1/0618Space-time coding
    • H04L1/0631Receiver arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2626Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0837Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00Network topologies
    • H04W84/02Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

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Description

M318290 八、新型說明: 【新型所屬之技術領域】 本創作係關於無線通訊系統。更具體來說,本創作係 關於一種用於利用不對等(unequal)調變和編碼方案(MCS) 來實現空間處理的裝置。 ^ 【背景技術】 IEEE 802.11η聯合提案組當前正提議將現合空時區塊 碼(STBC)和空分乡ji (SDM)技術驗下—代高性能無 線網路。這種混合STBC/SDM方案產生了資料流的不平& 的服務質量’資料流在接收器的輸出轉換成較低的殘留訊 號雜訊比(SNR)。在傳統系統中,對所有空間流應用對等 MCS然’這對於STBC預編碼所承載的空間流導致了 在分集增益上的利益損失。 因此,期望提供-種方法和裝置用於在執行空間處理 (例如STBC)的同時應用不對等的⑽或流相關 (stream_dependent)的]VICS 〇 【創作内容】 本創作關於-種姻不對等Mcs錢相關的 MCS來 實現空間處理的裝置。可以將輸人資料剖析為複數資料 流,並且對該資料流執行空間處理以產生複數空間流。針 對各資概_鴻_紙8。峨,_魏發射天線 發射該空間流。STBC、空頻區塊編碼(sfbc)、准正交
Agouti、編碼、時逆空時區塊編褐、雜空間處理和循環 延遲分集中的其中至少-種可以在資料/空間流上執行。然 M318290 後,可以對空間流應用天線映射矩陣。然後經由複數發射 天線將所得空間流發射出去。可以基於與該資料流相關聯 的各空間流的SNR來確定針對各資料流的MCS。 【實施方式】 根據本創作,將不對等MCS或流相關的MCS應用到 不同的空間流。本創作可應用於正交分頻多工(OFDM) — 多輸入多輸出(ΜΙΜΟ)系統、多載波分碼多重存取 (MC-CDMA)系統、CDMA系統等。不對等MCS被應用 到不同的資料流以利用針對資料流的不對等SNR。例如, 較高級別的MCS可以應用到具有分集編碼的空間流,而較 低級別的MCS可以應用到不具有分集編碼的空間流,從而 減少總自發干擾。利用不對等MCS或流相關MCS,可以 由於減少的總自發干擾而使用更簡單的接收器演算法(例 如線性最小均方誤差(LMMSE))。 圖1是根據本創作配置的發射器1〇〇的方塊圖。發射 器1⑽包括通道編碼器102、速率匹配單元1〇4、空間剖析 器106、複數交錯器i〇8a-i〇8nss、複數星座映射器 110a-110nss、複數多工器ii6a_118nss、空間處理單元120、 複數快速傅立葉逆變換(IFFT)單元l22a-122ntx、複數循 環前綴(prefix)插入單元124a_124ntx以及複數發射天線 126-12611&。應當注意的是,圖1所示的配置僅作為實例而 不作為限制來提供,並且元件所執行的處理可以由更多或 更少個元件來實現,並且處理的順序可以發生改變。 通道編碼器102對輸入資料1〇1進行編碼。使用適應 M318290 性調變和編碼(AMC)並且可以使用任何編碼速率和任何 編碼方案。例如’編碼速率可以是1/2、1/3、1/5、3/4等等。 編碼方案可以是Turbo編碼、卷積編碼、區塊編碼、低密 度奇偶校驗(LDPC)編碼等等。可以由速率匹配單元1〇4 對編碼後資料103進行標刻。 速率匹配105之後的編碼後資料被空間剖析器106剖 析為複數(Nss)空間流i〇7a-107nss。各資料流i〇7a_l〇7nss 上的負料位元較佳地由交錯器l〇8a-l〇gnss進行交錯。然 後,交錯109a-109nss之後的資料位元由星座映射器 110a-110nss根據所選擇的調變方案映射到符號 llla_lllnss。該調變方案可以是正交相移鍵控(QpsK)、 8PSK、16正父振幅調變(qam)、64QAM等等。控制資 料 112a_112nss和/或導頻 114a_114nss 由多工器 U6a_116nss 與符號llla-lllnss進行多工。然後,符號117a-117nss (包 括多工的控制資料112a-112nss及/或導頻114a_114nss)由空 間處理單元120進行處理。 或者’可以在通道編碼之前來劃分輸入資料1〇1,並且 劃分後的複數輸入資料可以由兩個或更多單獨的編碼器進 行編碼。或者,替代性地或額外地,將一個資料流剖析為 複數資料流,可以對屬於一或複數用戶的若干個輸入資料 流進行處理以經由若干個空間天線進行發射。 空間處理單元120基於通道狀態資訊ns而選擇性地 對符號117a-117nss執行空間處理,並輸出ntx個資料流 121a-121ntx。空間處理可以是空時編碼(STC)、空間多工 M318290 (SM)、線性空間映射或發射波束成形。對於STC,可以 使用包括STBC、SFBC、用於四個(4)發射天線的準正交 Alamouti、時逆STBC (TR-STBC)、CDD等的任何形式的 STC。 通道狀態資訊118可以是用於每一副載波的v矩陣、 SNR、通道矩陣秩、通道條件號、延遲擴散、或短期和/或 長期通道統計中的至少其中之一。該V矩陣是從所估計的 通道矩陣的奇異值分解中獲得的單位矩陣(unitary matrix)。該通道條件號與通道矩陣的秩有關。異常條件的 通道可以是秩不足。低秩或異常條件的通道將利用諸如 STBC之類的分集方案展現出較好的強健性,因為該通道將 沒有足夠的自由度來支持具有發射波束成形的SM。高秩的 通道將利用具有發射波束成形的SM來支援較高資料速 率。可以利用傳統技術,例如直接通道反饋(DCFB)來獲 取通道狀態資訊118。 由輸出時域資料123&_123如的IFFT單元1223-122¾ 來處理來自空間處理單元120的資料流124-1211^。由CP 插入單元124a_124ntx將CP添加至每一時域資料 1233-123¾。然後經由發射天線i26a-l26ntx來發射具有 CP125a-125ntx的時域資料。 圖2是根據本創作所配置的接收器2〇〇的方塊圖。該 接收器200包括複數接收天線202a_202nnc、通道估計器 205、雜訊估計器206、通道相關性矩陣計算器208、SNR 標稱常數計算器210、複數OFDM處理單元212a-212nnc、 M318290 空間解碼器214、複數星座去映射器216a_216nss、複數SNR 正規化單元218a-218nss、複數去交錯器220a-220nss、空間 去剖析器222和解碼器224。應當注意的是,圖2中所示的 配置僅作為實例而不作為限制來提供,並且元件所執行的 處理可以由更多或更少個元件來實現,並且處理的順序可 以發生改變。 將複數接收到的資料流203&-2031^輸入到通道估計器 204、雜訊估計器206以及OFDM處理單元212a_212nix。 通道估計器204利用傳統方法執行通道估計以產生通道矩 陣205。雜訊估計器206計算雜訊方差207。通道相關性矩 陣計算器208從通道矩陣205中產生相關性矩陣209,這將 在後文中進行詳述。SNR標稱常數計算器210從相關性矩 陣209和雜訊方差207中計算SNR標稱常數211a-211nss , 這將在後文中進行詳述。 母一 OFDM處理單元2128-2121^從所接收到的資料流 2〇3&-2031^中去除CP,並且執行快速傅立葉變換(fft) 以輸出頻域資料2138-2131^。空間解碼器214對來自OFDM 處理單元2123-2121^的輸出2132-2131^進行處理。該空間 解碼器214可以是最小均方誤差解碼器、 連續干擾消除(SIC)解碼器或最大似然(ML)解碼器。 在空間解碼之後,星座去映射器2i6a_216nss對解碼後 的資料215&-2151^進行處理以產生位元流217士217邮。 SNR正規化單元218a-218nss基於SNR標稱常數 211a-211nss對位元流217士217邮進行正規化。然後,去交 M318290 錯器220a-220nss對正規化位元流219a-219nss進行處理。空 間去剖析器222將去交錯後的位元221 a_22lnss合併到一個 資料流223中。然後解碼器224對該資料流223進行處理 以恢復輸入資料225。 在下文中,將參考作為代表性實例的STBC來描述在 發射器100和接收器200處的空間處理。將使用下列定義: 發射天線的數量;
:空間天線的數量; : STBC之後的流的數量; 心’w :在符號時間”處的資料向量; 、:在符號時間„處STBC之後的向量; :在符號時間„處圖3中p矩陣之後的向量;以及 :在符號時間„處的接收到的向量。 圖3是配置為執行STBC和/或線性空間映射的示範性 空間處理單元120的方塊圖。空間處理單元12〇可以包括 STBC單το 302、CDD單元304以及天線映射單元306。符 號117a-117nss中的各符號是複數流。在〇FDM符號n的副 載波k的空間流i上發射的複數符號表示為知Μ。來自STBC 單το 302的、OFDM符號2m和2m+l的副載波k的輸出空 時流isTS上的輸出符號表示為·· 等式(1)
Sk,im,2m - f〇,isTs(dkiss,2m,cik,iss,2m+l) {dkJSS92m^kJSSi2m+\) 其中在表1中定義了/。知和/Usra 〇 12 M318290 表1
Nsts Nss ^STS 2 1 1 dk,l,2m ^k,l,2m+l 2 一dk,l,2m+l dk,l,2m 1 dk,l,2m ^,l,2m+l 3 2 2 一 dk,l,2m+l dk,l,2m 3 dkXlm ^kX2m+\ 1 ^kX2m dk,l,2m+l 2 2 - dkX2m+l 3 dkXlm ^,2,2/w+l 4 4 一 d* uk,2,2m+l 2,2m 1 ^kX2m 3 2 - dkX2m+l 3 ^kX2m ^,2,2w+l 4 4,3,2m ^,3,2/n+l 可以由CDD單元304和天線映射單元306在來自 STBC單元302的輸出符號上執行線性空間處理。如果沒有 執行STBC,那麼並且。線性空間處理 破定義為在給定副載波上待發射的符號的向量的旋 。CDD單元3〇4 *天線映射單元3〇6所進行的處理表示 13 M318290
X^"[PmapW]^CCDD(^)S;tM Γ ΊΓ 等式(2) /其中〜[〜…W]是在〇聰符號_副載波k 上待發射的調變符號的Nsts向量。Ccdd· 沾對角 線痛%延遲鱗’其表示賊+賴環延遲。該對角線值 由心錢,(一师給出上(《是心^矩陣, 该矩陣包括知咖®天祕射矩陣Pmap(k)㈣^列。
這對於直接映賴作純可以使單位祕,對㈣間擴展 操作來說是映射矩陣’或者是通料料引轉(例如通 道特徵向量的集合)。Xkn;^ qFDm符號n的帛犧波^中發 射的符號的向量。 通道矩陣Heff是由向^所看到的有效通道,使得: yk,n ^HeffsKn^-nKn 等式(3)
在接收器中,八,2/«和A,2m+1結合成單一向量 yk yk,2m ^yk,2m+l 如下: 等式(4) 使用等式(3)和等式(4), yk HeffsK2m 4- — «η nk,2m _Heff 4am^\^ 丁 •nk,2m+l· 等式(5) 在向量和中,在它們任何一個中出現的資 料值在二者中將表現為共軛或不共軛。這允許將等式(5) 寫為簡單的矩陣形式,如隨後的特定實例所示。 考慮1^仅=3並且Nss=2的情況(即由空間剖析器1〇6 從輸入資料中產生兩(2)空間流,並且在發射器1〇〇處從 M318290 理單元12G中產生三個資料流)。三個資料流中的其 中「資料流用於如下所示的發射分集的空_析器106的 一資料流的修改副本中產生。 對於Ntrf並且nss=2的情況 ,從表1中可以看到: skX2m ^dk l 2m^ 5
\2’2m=4,l2w+1 ;以及 5M,2m=A,2,2w 使得, sK2m ^kX2m A,1,2w+1 等式(6) .^k,2,2m 而且 、l,2m+l 咳山2w+1· ;以及
^,3,2m+l = ^2,2^+1 從而 d SK2m+\ i,l,2w+l dkX2m .^,2,2/72+1 等式(乃 並且 ^»2/w+l ^A:,l,2w+1 ^k,l92m 等式(8) ^k,2,2m+l 利用等式(6)和等式(8),可以將等式(5)重新表 不為標準矩陣等式,包括下列四個資料值c/从加,办,1,⑽+1, 15 M318290 ^k,2,2m ^ ☆,2,2w+1(星號表示共輛,而不是埃爾米特(Hermitian) 共輛)。 * kX2m+\
Heff(:9l) -Heff (:,2) Hejf (:,3) 0 0 H;ff (:,3) \ 1k,2,2m+\ 等式(9) 現在其處於標準ΜΙΜΟ格式,但具有各種組&^列組 合的通道矩陣。接收器200對資料向量d進行解調: yk d d d k,2,2m nk,2m nk,2m+l_ d‘ kX2m ^kXlm+l ^k,2,2m ^1,2,2/w+l 等式(10) MMSE解調器可用於等式(10)中的資料向量。讓等 式(9)中的通道矩陣表示為: Η 等式(11) MMSE求解如下(丟棄指數k並將符號“+”用於埃爾 米特共軛): 、一 1 d ad ση t 等式(12) 或等同於 d , Η y 等式(13) 等式(9)可表示為如下 M318290 y = /Γί/ + #Ι 將等式(14)代入等式(12)得出 等式(14)
-V r^2 ) -1 (^2 〕 A W J Hd + k J 等式(15) 使用等式(11),相關性矩陣成為如下: Η+Η itH-
Heff^ 一一及》:,i) ~Heff(:X) Heff{^) 0 Kff^ 0 _ 0 々:3)_ \\HeM24HeM2 〇 ·脚/:3) </·3)%(··2) 0 1% (4+\HeM2 </:3)%(:J) i^(:3)%(:J) -1 3^:3)%(:2) \\He^f 〇 </^)%(:3) fl^a)%(:3) 0 \He^\ 等式(16)
在MMSE接收器處理之後,針對等式(9)中第k個 資料流的有效SNR為: 讀免=7——一1 (l^pH+H)kk . 等式(17) 其中〜 對於高SNR,等式(17)成為:
等式(18) 矩陣具有下列形式: 17 M318290 Η+ Η x 0 0 x 本 a b* a b r* * —b a -b z 0 a 0 z 等式(19)可以從的運算式中很容易找出等式(19)中參數 的定義。使用針對逆矩陣的一般公式,如下·· c〇fT(A)
A det⑷ 等式(20) 可以示出㈣广的對角線元素給出如下 如,2-M2〕 det(flr+ H) · 等式(21) (h+ ^)22 = 如,2-H2) det(^+ H) · 等式(22) (h+ ^)33= 如,2 - H2) det(flT+ H) · 9 等式(23) 以及 χ\ χζ -Η2-Η: det(ff + Η) 等式(24) 使用等式(18),針對每個資料流的SNR得出如下: det(#+ Η) SNR{ = p SNR2 = p 和,2-H2)· det(^+ H) 等式(25) SNR^ = p H2-H2J; det(#+ H)和,2+l2)· 等式(26) 等式(27) 以及 SNR4 = p det(^+ H) -\a\2 等式(28) M318290 對於以上任何诵I^
編瑪的分量)_ m的前兩個分量(應用有STBC SNR。第二個通常小於贫取,而另外兩個也具有對等的 與未編碼齡麯魏齡量的舰 K^r 假設~的三個 等式(29) —個仃,、有相似的特性,那麼SNR將比 STBC編碼的符號的平均高她。 在實現STBC時’可以經由相同頻率或不同頻率來發 射一對k後的符就。為了評估,在這裏考慮最簡單的情況 凡=2和Λς=1 ’假設在接收器處僅有一個接收天線。該有 效通道矩陣表示為1x2矩陣,如下: 等式(30)
Heff^[hi h2] 並且資料向量變為如下 dkX2m dt ,1,2料1 當相同的頻率用於連續符號時 是相同的,並且等式(5)變為如下: yk h -h2] dkX2m nk,2m hi ^ J /^,l,2w+l 一 + _气2糾1_ 等式(31) 對於兩個符號來說 等式(32) 如果使用了迫零接收器,那麼第一步驟是將以與通道 矩陣的埃爾米特矩陣相乘: M318290
一为2 矽_· 9 以得到 H+yk h2 ~h ~h2 dk,\,2m -U 'K h2 nk,2m L-^2 ^dkX2m+\_ 丁 W2+fcl2 〇 dkX2m 4. h nk,2m _ 〇 h\2^h\\ _dkX2m+\_ 丁 L-^2 hl- 本 nk,2m+l_ 等式(33)
訊號部分中的對角線矩陣元素|/?ι|2+|/?212表示由STBC編 碼獲得的二級分集。 當不同的頻率用於連續符號時,針對兩個符號的有效 通道如下 對於第一符號來說,〃政=[;Ζ1〜];以及 對於第二符號來說,及被=[gl g2]。 在此情況下,修改後的等式(5)變為如下:
yk 一为2 dkX2m + nk,2m 本 IS2 * 容1」 /4,1,2/w+1_ _nk,2m+\_ 等式(34) 並且獲得下列等式 〜 /t] IS2 -h * 等式(35) 以及 h\ S2 'h -h2_ ^kX2m + Si nk,2m ΓSi _ 本 IS2 * 客1」 _dkX2m+\^ H+yk-
\hf +|^2|2 -Λ* h2 +g* g2 ^k,l,2m -L h\ Si -^2 ^ ^g2gi l^f2 +1¾]2 _ 丁 rhi ^1J nk,2m nk,2m+\ 等式(36) M318290 2 2 訊號部分中的對角線矩陣元素W +|g21表示由STBC 編碼獲得的二級分集。在此情況中,對角線元素仍然表示 二級分集。然而,非對角線元素將產生干擾(即非正交性)。 對於表1的2x1情況,等式(5)變成如下: yk 其中 H = 並且 d = 一 h2 dk,l,2m nk,2m Ιλ* dkX2m+\_ 卞 nk,2m+\_ ~h2 akX2m 本 ’A:,l,2/w+l 等式(37) 等式(38) 等式(39) 等式(40) 在此情況下,d的MMSE估計值如下: Λ , I-* 1 d^pH^\pHH^ ^1) yk Η Η 飞1 -h2 "K h2' >i|2+hl2 〇 1λ* rhl hx_ 〇 N2+W2_ 等式(41) 等式(40)成為: Λ «μ K h2 +|Λ2|2^] + 1 0 u — p -/¾ /¾ - 〇 p〔H2+|^2丨2)+1 yk 等式(42) 或者 ~ Λ flm P ~ K h2 yim βΐηι·¥\_ pIW+iWi L-^2 hl_ 等式(43) 21 M318290 或者,可以利用,然後利用乃糾1並將它們相加而找 到心W和心心!的MMSE估計運算元。對第一符號應用該方 案: ^2/w=[^l hl\ ^ + n2m ^a2m+\] , 等式(44) 並且來自第一符號的資料向量的估計是 a2m r^2m+\.
P hihi + 1 —1 m 等式(45) 或 A * d2m P a ★ rd2m+\_ p{\h\2 +\hi\2 ^ )+1 yim 等式(46) 對第二符號應用該方案: 22m+l dim n2m+l ^2/w+l ~ [hi h2] ’ 等式(47) 並且來自第二符號的資料向量的^8£估計是: -A - d2m+l =P V / p[h\ \ h] Y \ + 1 J ^2m +1 等式(48) 或 -Λ - ^2/w+l _ p V Jim . P〔H2,|2) + 1 少2料1 等式(49) 使用等式(47)和(49),將〜的兩個估計相加,如 下:
22 M318290
等式(50) 该結果與等式(43)中獲得的結果相同。對%的估 計求和也將導致與來自等式(43)的相同。因此,在簡單的2xl Alamouti方案中,這兩種解碼技術是一致的。然而,在表工 的3x2情況中,其可以不同。 _圖4和圖5係顯示利用3x2天線配置和線性最小均方 决差(LMMSE)接收器的針對IEEE8〇2 Un通道ε*β的 模擬〜果該模擬結果示出的是,利用和硬张 的不對等峨方案的情況在封包誤差率(pER)方面比使用 針對通道E (通道B)的叫施和16QAM的對等調變方 案的情況好出約L5dB (〇.8dB) 發射器和接收器可以是無線發射/接收單元(WTRu) ,基地台。術語“WTRU”包括但不限於用戶設備(卿、 行動站台、H]定或行動用戶單元、傳呼機、蜂窩電話、個 人數位助理(PDA)、電腦或能夠在無線環境帽作的任何 其他類型_戶裝置。術語“基地台,,包括但不限於節點 B、站點控制器、存取點(Ap)或能夠在無線環境中操作 的任何其他類型的介面連接裝置。 ^儘管以特定的組合在較佳的實施方式中對本創作的特 徵和7G件進行了描述,但每個特徵或元件可以在沒有較佳 實施方式的其他特徵或元件的情況τ單獨使用,或者可以 在具有或沒有本創作的其他特徵或元件的多她合中單獨 使用。本創作中描述的方法或流圖可以實現在由通用目的 23 M318290 電腦或處理n來執行的電腦程式、軟體、可觸摸地實施在 電腦可讀儲存媒體中的姆中。電腦可讀儲存媒體的實例 包括唯讀記憶體(ROM)、隨機存取記憶體(RAM)、暫存 器、快取記憶體、半導體儲存裝置、諸如内部硬碟和可抽 取碟片之類的磁性媒體、磁光媒體以及諸如cpvR〇M盤以 及數位多用途盤(DVD)之類的光學媒體。 合適的處理器包括,例如,通用目的處理器、專用目 的處理器、傳統處理器、數位訊號處理器(Dsp)、複數微 處理器、與DSP核心相關聯的一或複數微處理器、控制器、 微控制器、專用積體電路(ASIC)、現場可編程閘陣列 (FPGA)、任何積體電路和/或狀態機。 與軟體相關聯的處理器可用於實現射頻發射器,可在 無線發射器受單元(WTRU)、用戶設備(UE)、終端、基 地台、無線電網路控制器(RNC)或任何主機中使用。 可以與實現為硬體和/或軟體的模組結合使用,例如相機、 視訊相機模組、視訊電話、揚聲器電話、振動裳置、揚聲 器、麥克風、電視收發機、免手持耳機、鍵盤、藍牙模組、 調頻(FM)無線電皁元、液晶顯示器(LCD)顯示單元、 有機發光二極體(OLED)顯示單元、數位音樂播放器、媒 體播放器、視訊遊戲播放器模組、網際網路流覽器及/或無 線區域網路(WLAN)模組。 24 M318290 【圖式簡單說明】 藉由以實例方式所提供的、能夠結合圖式來理解的較 佳實施方式的下顺述,可以獲得對本創作更詳細的理 解,其中: 圖1是根據本創作所配置的發射器的方塊圖; 圖2疋根據本創作所配置的接收器的方塊圖; 圖3是經配置以執行STBC和/或、線性空間映射的示範 性空間處理單元的方塊圖;以及 圖4和圖5顯示出利用3x2天線配置和線性最小均方 誤差(LMMSE)接收器的針對IEEE 8〇211n通道e和b 的模擬結果。 【主要元件符號說明】 1〇〇發射器 1(Π、103、123&-123知、213&-2131^、2153-2151½、225 資料 105速率匹配 107a_107nss、121&-12111饮、203&-203如、223 資料流 109a-109nss 交錯 llla_lllnss、117a-117nss 符號 118通道狀態資訊 126a-126ntx發射天線 IFFT快速傅立葉逆變換
Nss複數 200接收器 25 M318290 2023^20211^接收天線 205、209 矩陣 207雜訊方差 211a-211nss SNR 標稱常數 SNR訊號雜訊比 OFDM正交分頻多工 217a-217nss、219a-219nss 位元流 221a-221nss 位元 120示範性空間處理單元 A,、、气”向量 STBC空時區塊編碼 CDD循環延遲分集 MCS調變和編碼方案 26

Claims (1)

  1. M318290 九、申請專利範固··
    利用爾的調變和編碼方案來實現 工曰1貝枓處理的發射器,該發射器包括: ^空,處理器’用於對複數㈣流的至少—資料流執行 ,針對各資料流的一MQS被獨立地選擇;以及 複數發射天線,甩於發射該資麵。 2.如申請專利範圍第丄項所述的發射器, 理器被配置為僅對一部分資料流執行空間處理。^間處 ^如申請專利範圍第2項所述的發射n,其中,對執行一 空間處理的資料流的一腦與對沒有執行—空間處理的資 料流的一 MCS是不同的。 、 4.如申請專利範圍第1項所述的發射器,其中,該空間處 置為對至少一該資料流執行空時區:二 5. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述的發射器,其中,該空間處 理器被配置為將該資料流上針對該STBC的—對符二二 到一相同頻率。 、 6. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述的發射器,其中,該空間處 理器被配置為將該資料流上針對該STBC的一對符號映射 到不同頻率。 '、、 7·如申請專利範圍第1項所述的發射器,其中,該空間處 理器被配置為對至少一該資料流執行以下中的至二二 空時區塊編碼(STBC)、空頻區塊編碼(SFBC)、准正交 Alamouti編碼以及時逆空時區塊編碼。 27 M318290 8·如申請專利範圍第1項所述的發射器,其中,該空間處 理器被配置為對該資料流執行線性空間處理。 9·如申請專利範圍第8項所賴發射器,其中,該空間處 理器被配置為對該空間流執行循環延遲分集(cdd)。 ιο·如申請專利範圍第8項所述的發射器,其中,該空間處 理器被配置為將一天線映射矩陣應用到該空間流。 11·如申請專利範圍第10項所述的發射器,其中,該天線 映射矩陣是一單位矩陣。 ' 12·如申請專利範圍第1〇項所述的發射器,其中,該天線 映射矩陣用於空間擴展。 13·如申請專利範圍第1〇項所述的發射器,其中,該天線 映射矩陣是一通道專用導引矩陣。 14·如申請專利範圍第13項所述的發射器,其中,該天線 映射矩陣包括一通道特徵向量集合。 15·如申請專利範圍第u項所述的發射器,其中,基於與 該資料流相關聯的各空間流的一訊號雜訊比來確定針對各 資料流的該MCS。 16· —種用於利用不對等的調變和編碼方案(MCS)來實現 空間資料處理的接收器,該接收器包括·· 至少一接收天線,用於接收複數空間流,在一發射器 處針對映射到該空間流的各資料流而獨立選擇一 MCS ; 一通道估計器,用於執行通道估計以產生一通道矩 陣;以及 一空間解碼器,用於利用該通道矩陣對所接收到的空 28 M318290 間流進行解碼。 17.如申請專利範圍第16項所述的接收器,其中,該空間 解碼器被配置為執行最小均方誤差(MMSE)解碼以對該 接收到的空間流進行解碼。 18·如申請專利範圍第16項所述的接收器,其中,該空間 解碼器被配置為執行迫零(ZF)解碼以對所接收到的空間 流進行解石馬。 29
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