TWI827738B - 可噴射組合物 - Google Patents
可噴射組合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI827738B TWI827738B TW108142965A TW108142965A TWI827738B TW I827738 B TWI827738 B TW I827738B TW 108142965 A TW108142965 A TW 108142965A TW 108142965 A TW108142965 A TW 108142965A TW I827738 B TWI827738 B TW I827738B
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- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- epoxy
- sprayable composition
- electronic device
- acrylate
- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 125000003566 oxetanyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 isocyanate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 75
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M acrylate group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)[O-] NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 10
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QOSMNYMQXIVWKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propyl levulinate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CCC(C)=O QOSMNYMQXIVWKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003055 poly(ester-imide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LARNQUAWIRVQPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyloxiran-2-amine Chemical compound NC1(CO1)C LARNQUAWIRVQPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 14
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- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- YDKNBNOOCSNPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1,3-benzoxazole-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(C(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 YDKNBNOOCSNPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
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- LSTZTHCEEPHCNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,5-dioxabicyclo[2.1.0]pentan-3-yloxy)-2,5-dioxabicyclo[2.1.0]pentane Chemical compound C1(C2C(O2)O1)OC1C2C(O2)O1 LSTZTHCEEPHCNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- GTPROMYYPGDANE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethene;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound C=COC=C.OC(=O)C=C GTPROMYYPGDANE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003847 radiation curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003748 selenium group Chemical group *[Se]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005017 substituted alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004426 substituted alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MUTNCGKQJGXKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tamibarotene Chemical compound C=1C=C2C(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)C2=CC=1NC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 MUTNCGKQJGXKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001029 thermal curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- RUVINXPYWBROJD-ONEGZZNKSA-N trans-anethole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(\C=C\C)C=C1 RUVINXPYWBROJD-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFDSDPIBEUFTMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribromoethanol Chemical compound OCC(Br)(Br)Br YFDSDPIBEUFTMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOALFFJGWSCQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C XOALFFJGWSCQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound C1C(CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC)CCC2OC21 DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007964 xanthones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002256 xylenyl group Chemical class C1(C(C=CC=C1)C)(C)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001052 yellow pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- INRGAWUQFOBNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N {4-[(Vinyloxy)methyl]cyclohexyl}methanol Chemical compound OCC1CCC(COC=C)CC1 INRGAWUQFOBNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
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Abstract
記載可噴射組合物,包含含有至少一種環氧基或氧雜環丁烷官能基的反應單體、寡聚物或預聚物;自由基可聚合化合物;熱交聯劑;以及自由基起始劑,以及具有組合物噴射於其上的電子裝置以及製造電子裝置的方法。
Description
本發明關於光可硬化及熱固性的可噴射組合物的用途。此組合物適合用作為如防焊劑(solder resist)的絕緣塗層,使用於如印刷電路板的電子裝置的製造中。
防焊劑或阻焊(solder mask)為永久性的保護塗層,其於印刷電路板(PCB)的製造、組裝及最終用途的期間可發揮數種功能。阻焊的主要目的之一係於組裝過程期間保護電路免於與焊劑交互作用。然而,其亦有助於PCB的使用壽命期間保護積層板、孔洞及走線(traces)免於收集污染物及降解。阻焊也作為於PCB的組件與走線之間已知介電性質的絕緣體。
傳統的微影顯影製程需要光罩,含有光敏樹脂的光阻劑,藉由網版印刷或某些其他塗覆過程而施用,以及圖案化阻劑墨的方法。近來,因為其簡單性、便利性及低成本,噴墨印刷已成為用於沉積阻焊組合物至PCB的普及技術。由於此方法直接使用CAD數據,以於印刷電路板創造阻焊墨的影像,其具有減少製程步驟數目以及所需材料的優勢,因而相較於微影顯影製程,此製程減少了所涉及的勞力、時間及成本。
然而,用於噴墨印刷的墨在其物理性質上受到許多侷限,如黏度及表面張力,取決於所使用的印刷頭類型。對於多數的噴墨印刷頭,這些墨的黏度於施用時間通常不多於約5-15mPa.s。此黏度遠低於使用於網版印刷的
墨的黏度(約20,000mPa.s),且因而侷限可使用於這些墨的組分的類型及數目。然而,已成功地開發其他的印刷頭,其允許使用相較於通常使用的墨具有較高黏度的墨。
以大量的稀釋劑稀釋墨以嘗試及達成所需要的低黏度,造成防焊劑所需要的物理性質的損壞。若以揮發性溶劑稀釋,則減低非揮發性物含量,結果難以達到充分的膜厚度。此外,揮發性溶劑的使用可帶來危害諸如易燃性及毒性。
UV可硬化墨較佳用於阻焊墨的設計,因其允許快速硬化及高度交聯,造成優異的化學耐性及機械性質。然而,在維持所有物理性質的同時,與高溫焊接製程的相容性特別具挑戰。
本發明目標在於克服上述問題之一者或多者。
根據本發明之第一態樣,提供可噴射組合物,含有至少一種環氧基或氧雜環丁烷官能基的反應單體、寡聚物或預聚物;自由基可聚合化合物;包含選自異氰酸酯化合物及三嗪化合物之一或多種劑的熱交聯劑;以及自由基起始劑。
根據本發明的第二態樣係提供一種電子裝置,包含於其第一表面具有導電圖案及第一態樣的組合物的介電基板。
根據本發明的第三態樣,提供一種製造電子裝置的方法,包含:噴射根據第一態樣的可噴射組合物至於其第一表面具有導電圖案的介電基板;以及
硬化該經噴射的組合物。
定義
如使用於本文,「單體」應瞭解為意指單元或建構組元,其與其他單體可組合以形成重複單元的較長鏈分子,例如形成寡聚物、預聚物或聚合物。
如使用於本文,「寡聚物」應瞭解為意指化合物,其包含相對低數目的重複單體單元(通常為5至100)且具有介於單體或預聚物之間的相對分子質量,其特性將隨著一或數個單元的移除而變化。
如使用於本文,用語「預聚物」意指能進一步聚合成高分子量聚合物的單體或寡聚物的重複系統。
應瞭解上述定義的單體、寡聚物及預聚物於側鏈可含有正交官能基使其與組成物中其他組分交聯。
如使用於本文,用語「單官能性」於例如單官能性可聚合化合物意指該可聚合化合物包括一個可聚合基。
如使用於本文,用語「雙官能性」於例如雙官能性可聚合化合物意指該可聚合化合物包括二個可聚合基。
如使用於本文,用語「多官能性」於例如多官能性可聚合化合物意指該可聚合化合物包括多於二個可聚合基。
如使用於本文,用語「烷基」意指烷基中各數目碳原子的可能所有變體,亦即,甲基、乙基、對於三個碳原子:正丙基及異丙基;對於四個碳原子:正丁基、異丁基及第三丁基;對於五個碳原子:正戊基、1,1-二甲基-丙基、2,2-二甲基丙基及2-甲基-丁基等。
如使用於本文,且除非指明,經取代或未經取代的烷基較佳為C1至C6-烷基。
如使用於本文,且除非指明,經取代或未經取代的烯基較佳為C2至C6-烯基。
如使用於本文,且除非指明,經取代或未經取代的炔基較佳為C2至C6-炔基。
如使用於本文,且除非指明,經取代或未經取代的芳烷基較佳為包括一、二、三或更多的C1至C6-烷基的苯基或萘基。
如使用於本文,且除非指明,經取代或未經取代的烷芳基較佳為包括苯基或萘基的C7至C20-烷基。
如使用於本文,且除非指明,經取代或未經取代的芳基較佳為苯基或萘基。
如使用於本文,且除非指明,經取代或未經取代的雜芳基或雜環基較佳為五-或六-員環經一、二、或三個氧原子、氮原子、硫原子、硒原子或其組合予以取代。
如使用於本文,用語「經取代」,於例如經取代烷基中意指該烷基可經非通常存在於該基團的原子的其他原子予以取代,通常存在於該基團的原子亦即碳及氫。例如,經取代烷基可包括鹵素原子或硫醇基。未經取代的烷基僅含有碳原子及氫原子。
如使用於本文,且除非指明,經取代烷基、經取代烯基、經取代炔基、經取代芳烷基、經取代烷芳基、經取代芳基及經取代雜芳基可獨立地經由甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基及第三丁基、酯、醯胺、醚、硫醚、酮、醛、亞碸、碸、磺酸酯、磺醯胺、-Cl、-Br、-I、-OH、-SH、-CN及-NO2所成群組選擇一個或多個組分予以取代。
根據本揭露的組合物、電子裝置及方法將予以說明。
可噴射組合物
根據本發明的第一態樣,提供可噴射組合物,包含:含有至少一種環氧基或氧雜環丁烷官能基的反應單體、寡聚物或預聚物;自由基可聚合化合物;包含自異氰酸酯化合物及三嗪化合物選擇一或多種劑的熱交聯劑;以及自由基起始劑。
考慮到組合物中的的各種反應性單體及可聚合組分,可噴射組合物亦可指稱可硬化組合物,例如輻射可硬化組合物或熱可硬化組合物。組合物亦可指稱絕緣組合物、阻焊組合物或防焊劑組合物。
含有至少一種環氧基或氧雜環丁烷官能基的反應性單體、寡聚物或預聚物
可噴射組合物包含含有至少一種環氧基或氧雜環丁烷官能基的反應單體、寡聚物或預聚物,其為熱可硬化,亦即熱固性。單體、寡聚物及/或預聚物可具有不同程度的官能性。例如,包括單-、二-、三-及更高官能性的單體、寡聚物及/或預聚物的組合的混合物可使用於該組合物。
含有至少一種環氧基的單體、寡聚物或預聚物的實例包括雙酚-A型環氧樹脂、雙酚-F型環氧樹脂、酚或甲酚清漆型環氧樹脂、環脂族環氧基化合物如雙-(3,4-環氧基環己基)-己二酸酯、3,4-環氧基環己基甲基-3,4-環氧基環己烷
羧酸酯、聚[(2-氧雜環丙基)-1,2-環己烷二醇]-2-乙基-2-(羥基甲基)-1,3-丙烷二醇醚、7-氧雜雙環[4.1.0]庚-3-基甲基7-氧雜雙環[4.1.0]庚烷-3-羧酸酯;醚衍生物包括二醇衍生物如1,4-丁烷二醇二環氧丙基醚及新戊二醇二環氧丙基醚;環氧丙基醚如正丁基環氧丙基醚、蒸餾的丁基環氧丙基醚、2-乙基己基環氧丙基醚、C8-C10脂族環氧丙基醚、C12-C14脂族環氧丙基醚、鄰-甲酚基環氧丙基醚、對-第三丁基苯基環氧丙基醚、壬基苯基環氧丙基醚、苯基環氧丙基醚、環己烷二甲醇二環氧丙基醚、聚丙二醇二環氧丙基醚、聚二醇二環氧丙基醚、二溴新戊二醇二環氧丙基醚、三羥甲基丙烷三環氧丙基醚、蓖麻油三環氧丙基醚、丙氧基化甘油三環氧丙基醚、山梨醇聚環氧丙基醚、新癸酸環氧丙基酯;及環氧丙基胺如環氧基化間-二甲苯二胺。應瞭解上述清單僅為例示且可使用其他合適的環氧基材料。其他的環氧基材料可見於美國專利US 10,005,911 B2,其內容以參考方式併入本文。
含有至少一種氧雜環丁烷基的單體、寡聚物或預聚物的實例包括3,3'-氧基雙(亞甲基)雙(3-乙基氧雜環丁烷)、1,4-雙(((3-乙基氧雜環丁烷-3-基)甲氧基)甲基)苯、3-乙基-3-[(苯基甲氧基)甲基]-氧雜環丁烷,3-乙基-3-[(2-乙基己基氧基)甲基]氧雜環丁烷及雙[1-乙基(3-氧雜環丁烷基)]甲基醚。
一實例中,含有至少一種環氧基或氧雜環丁烷官能基的反應性單體、寡聚物或預聚物包含一種或多種雙酚-A型環氧樹脂、雙酚-F型環氧樹脂、酚或甲酚清漆型環氧樹脂、二環戊二烯型環氧基、環脂族環氧基化合物、環氧基醚、環氧基矽烷、環氧丙基醚、環氧丙基酯、環氧丙基胺及氧雜環丁烷單體。一實例中,含有至少一種環氧基或氧雜環丁烷官能基的反應性單體、寡聚物或預聚物包含一種或多種酚型環氧樹脂或甲酚清漆型環氧樹脂。
某些實例中,可噴射組合物包含20wt%或更低的一種或多種環氧基樹脂或氧雜環丁烷樹脂的反應性單體、寡聚物或預聚物,例如由1wt%至18
wt%、例如由2wt%至17wt%、例如由3wt%至16wt%、例如由4wt%至15wt%、例如由5wt%至14wt%、例如由6wt%至13wt%、例如由7wt%至12wt%、例如由8wt%至10wt%。
一實例中,環氧基樹脂的反應性單體、寡聚物或預聚物包含少於4000g/Eq的環氧基當量重量,例如少於3000g/Eq、例如少於2000g/Eq、例如少於1000g/Eq、例如少於500g/Eq、例如少於250g/Eq。某些實例中,環氧基樹脂的反應性單體、寡聚物或預聚物包含大於50g/Eq的環氧基當量重量,例如大於150g/Eq、例如大於170g/Eq、例如大於180g/Eq。某些實例中,環氧基樹脂的反應性單體、寡聚物或預聚物包含約180g/Eq至240g/Eq的環氧基當量重量,例如由190g/Eq至230g/Eq。
自由基可聚合化合物
組合物包含自由基可聚合化合物。自由基可聚合化合物可包含一個或多個自由基可聚合單體、寡聚物及/或預聚物。這些單體、寡聚物及/或預聚物可擁有不同程度的官能性。可使用包括單-、二-、三-及更高官能性的單體、寡聚物及/或預聚物的組合的混合物。輻射可硬化噴墨的黏度可藉由改變單體及寡聚物之間的比例而予以調整。
自由基可聚合化合物可包含至少一種乙烯基醚化合物或至少一種(甲基)丙烯酸酯基化合物。自由基可聚合化合物可不含有自由羥基。
合適的自由基可聚合化合物的實例可見於美國專利US 10,005,911,其內容以參考方式併入本文。
特別地,合適的自由基可聚合化合物的實例包括乙烯基醚類如4-羥基丁基乙烯基醚(HBVE)、1,4-丁二醇乙烯基醚、1,4-丁二醇二乙烯基醚(BDDVE)、正丁基乙烯基醚(NBVE)、異丁基乙烯基醚(IBVE)、第三丁基乙烯基醚、環己基乙烯基醚(CHVE)、環己烷二甲醇二乙烯基醚(CHDM-di),1,4-環己烷
二甲醇單乙烯基醚(CHDM-mono)、乙二醇乙烯基醚、二(乙二醇)乙烯基醚、二(乙二醇)二乙烯基醚(DVE-2)、三(乙二醇)二乙烯基醚(DVE-3)、苯基乙烯基醚及乙基乙烯基醚(EVE)、2-乙基己基乙烯基醚(EHVE)、十二烷基乙烯基醚(DDVE)、十八烷基乙烯基醚(ODVE)、雙[4-(乙烯基氧基)丁基]1,6-己烷二基雙胺基甲酸酯、雙[4-(乙烯基氧基)丁基]間苯二甲酸酯、雙[4-(乙烯基氧基)丁基](亞甲基二-4,1-伸苯基)雙胺基甲酸酯、雙[4-(乙烯基氧基)丁基]琥珀酸酯、雙[4-(乙烯基氧基)丁基]對苯二甲酸酯、雙[4-(乙烯基氧基甲基)環己基甲基]戊二酸酯、2-氯乙基乙烯基醚、二乙基乙烯基正甲酸酯、乙基-1-丙烯基醚、丙基乙烯基醚、三[4-(乙烯基氧基)丁基]偏苯三酸酯。
合適的自由基可聚合化合物的實例包括單官能性及/或多官能性丙烯酸酯單體、寡聚物或預聚物,如丙烯酸異戊酯、丙烯酸硬脂酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸辛酯、丙烯酸癸酯、丙烯酸異戊s酯、丙烯酸異硬脂酯、2-乙基己基-二甘醇丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸2-羥基丁酯、2-丙烯醯氧基乙基六氫鄰苯二甲酸、丙烯酸丁氧基乙酯、乙氧基二乙二醇丙烯酸酯、甲氧基二乙二醇丙烯酸酯、甲氧基聚乙二醇丙烯酸酯、甲氧基丙二醇丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯、丙烯酸四氫糠酯、丙烯酸異冰片酯、丙烯酸2-羥基乙酯、丙烯酸2-羥基丙酯、丙烯酸2-羥基-3-苯氧基丙酯、乙烯基醚丙烯酸酯、2-丙烯醯氧基乙基琥珀酸、2-丙烯醯氧基乙基鄰苯二甲酸、2-丙烯醯氧基乙基-2-羥基乙基-鄰苯二甲酸、內酯改質的可撓性丙烯酸酯及丙烯酸第三丁基環己酯、三乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、四乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、聚丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,9-壬二醇二丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯、二羥甲基-三環癸烷二丙烯酸酯、雙酚A EO(環氧乙烷)加成二丙烯酸酯、雙酚A PO(環氧丙烷)加成二丙烯酸酯、羥基第三戊酸酯新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯、丙氧基化新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化二羥甲
基三環癸烷二丙烯酸酯及聚四亞甲基二醇二丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、EO改質三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三(丙二醇)三丙烯酸酯、己內酯改質三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇乙氧基四丙烯酸酯、二新戊四醇六丙烯酸酯、二(三羥甲基)丙烷四丙烯酸酯、甘油丙氧基三丙烯酸酯、及己內醯胺改質二新戊四醇六丙烯酸酯,或N-乙烯基醯胺如N-乙烯基己內醯胺或N-乙烯基甲醯胺;或丙烯醯胺或經取代丙烯醯胺,如丙烯醯基嗎啉。
其他合適的單官能性丙烯酸酯包括己內酯丙烯酸酯、環狀三羥甲基丙烷縮甲醛丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化壬基酚丙烯酸酯、異癸基丙烯酸酯、異辛基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸辛基癸基酯、烷氧基化酚丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸十三基酯及烷氧基化環己酮二甲醇二丙烯酸酯。
其他合適的二官能性丙烯酸酯包括烷氧基化環己酮二甲醇二丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化己二醇二丙烯酸酯、二噁烷二醇二丙烯酸酯、二噁烷二醇二丙烯酸酯、環己酮二甲醇二丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二丙烯酸酯及新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯。
其他合適的三官能性丙烯酸酯包括丙氧基化甘油三丙烯酸酯及丙氧基化三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯。
其他較高官能性丙烯酸酯包括二-三羥甲基丙烷四丙烯酸酯、二新戊四醇五丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化新戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、甲氧基化二醇丙烯酸酯及丙烯酸酯類。
再者,對應於上述丙烯酸酯的甲基丙烯酸酯可與該丙烯酸酯一起使用。實例包括甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯、甲氧基三乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯、羥基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯、苯氧基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯、環己基甲基丙烯酸酯、四乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、及聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯。
再者,組成物亦可含有可聚合寡聚物。該等可聚合寡聚物的實例包括環氧基丙烯酸酯、脂族聚胺酯丙烯酸酯、芳族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯、聚酯丙烯酸酯、及直鏈非丙烯酸寡聚物。
苯乙烯化合物的合適實例為苯乙烯、p-甲基苯乙烯、p-甲氧基苯乙烯、β-甲基苯乙烯、p-甲基-β-甲基苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯及p-甲氧基-β-甲基苯乙烯。
乙烯基萘化合物的合適實例為1-乙烯基萘、a-甲基-1-乙烯基萘、b-甲基-1-乙烯基萘、4-甲基-1-乙烯基萘及4-甲氧基-1-乙烯基萘。
N-乙烯基雜環化合物的合適實例為N-乙烯基咔唑、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基吲哚、N-乙烯基吡咯、N-乙烯基吩噻嗪、N-乙烯基乙醯苯胺、N-乙烯基乙基乙醯胺、N-乙烯基琥珀醯亞胺、N-乙烯基酞醯亞胺、N-乙烯基己內醯胺及N-乙烯基咪唑。
某些實例中,自由基可聚合化合物包含一個或多個(甲基)丙烯酸酯基團。某些實例中,包含一個或多個(甲基)丙烯酸酯基團的自由基可聚合化合物不含有羥基取代基。
某些實例中,自由基可聚合化合物包含一個或多個含有乙烯基醚基及(甲基)丙烯酸酯基團的化合物,丙烯酸2-(2-乙烯基氧基乙氧基)乙基酯。其他實例包括:(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙烯基氧基乙基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸3-乙烯基氧基丙基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸1-甲基-2-乙烯基氧基乙基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙烯基氧基丙基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸4-乙烯基氧基丁基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸1-甲基-3-乙烯基氧基丙基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸1-乙烯基氧基甲基丙基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸2-甲基-3-乙烯基氧基丙基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸3-甲基-3-乙烯基氧基丙基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸1,1-二甲基-2-乙烯基氧基乙基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸3-乙烯基氧基丁基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸1-甲基-2-乙烯基氧基丙基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙烯基氧基丁基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸4-乙烯基
氧基環己基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸5-乙烯基氧基戊基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸6-乙烯基氧基己基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸4-乙烯基氧基甲基環己基甲基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸對-乙烯基氧基甲基苯基甲基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸2-(乙烯基氧基乙氧基)乙基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸2-(乙烯基氧基異丙氧基)乙基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸2-(乙烯基氧基乙氧基)丙基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸2-(乙烯基氧基乙氧基)異丙基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸2-(乙烯基氧基異丙氧基)丙基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸2-(乙烯基氧基異丙氧基)異丙基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸2-(乙烯基氧基乙氧基乙氧基)乙基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸2-(乙烯基氧基乙氧基異丙氧基)乙基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸2-(乙烯基氧基乙氧基異丙氧基)丙基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸2-(乙烯基氧基乙氧基乙氧基)異丙基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸2-(乙烯基氧基乙氧基異丙氧基)異丙基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸2-(乙烯基氧基乙氧基乙氧基乙氧基)乙基酯;聚乙二醇單乙烯基醚(甲基)丙烯酸酯;及聚丙二醇單乙烯基醚(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
某些實例中,自由基可聚合化合物係選自由丙烯酸苯氧基乙基酯及丙烯酸2-(2-乙烯基氧基乙氧基)乙基酯所成群組。某些實例中,自由基可聚合化合物包含丙烯酸苯氧基乙基酯及丙烯酸2-(2-乙烯基氧基乙氧基)乙基酯。
某些實例中,自由基可聚合化合物係存在量為組合物總重量之50wt%或更多,例如60wt%或更多,例如70wt%或更多,例如75wt%或更多,例如80%或更多。
熱交聯劑
可噴射組合物包含熱交聯劑。某些實例中,熱交聯劑包含選自異氰酸酯化合物或三嗪化合物之一種或多種劑。某些實例中,熱交聯劑包含具有不同程度官能性的一種或多種化合物。因此,預計為具有單-、二-、三-及更高交聯化合物的化合物混合物。
某些實例中,異氰酸酯化合物包含單體性及多官能性脂族/脂環族異氰酸酯及芳香族異氰酸酯。
單體性脂族/脂環族異氰酸酯的實例包括1,6-六亞甲基二異氰酸酯(HDI或HMD)、異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯(IPDI)、甲基環己烷2,4-(2,6)-二異氰酸酯(氫化TDI)、4,4'-亞甲基雙(環己基異氰酸酯)(氫化MDI)、1,3-(異氰酸酯基甲基)環己烷(氫化XDI)、降冰片烯二異氰酸酯(NDI)、離胺酸二異氰酸酯(LDI)、三甲基-六亞甲基二異氰酸酯(TMDI)、以及二聚戊酸二異氰酸酯(DDI)。
脂族/脂環族多異氰酸酯的實例為N,N',N”-三(6-異氰酸酯-六亞甲基)HDI雙脲(biuret)、HDI三聚體、HDI脲二酮及IPDI三聚體。
芳族異氰酸酯的實例包括,甲苯二異氰酸酯(TDI)、4,4'-二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(MDI)、及二甲苯二異氰酸酯(XDI)。
某些實例中,異氰酸酯化合物為封端異氰酸酯化合物或未封端異氰酸酯化合物。用於形成封端異氰酸酯的封端劑為保護基,其於熱固化過程於提升的溫度下予以移除,且用於改良組合物的儲存安定性。
封端劑的實例包括醇,例如乙醇、正丙醇、異丙醇、第三丁醇及異丁醇;酚如酚、氯酚、甲酚、二甲酚、及對-硝基酚;烷基酚如對-第三丁基酚、對-第二丁基酚、對-第二戊基酚、對-辛基酚、及對-壬基酚;鹼性含氮化合物如3-羥基吡啶、8-羥基喹啉、及8-羥基喹吶啶;活性亞甲基化合物如丙二酸二乙基酯、乙醯乙酸乙基酯、及乙醯基丙酮;酸醯胺如乙醯胺、丙烯醯胺、及乙醯苯胺,酸醯亞胺如琥珀醯亞胺及馬來醯亞胺;咪唑如2-乙基咪唑及2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑;吡唑如吡唑、3-甲基吡唑、及3,5-二甲基吡唑;內醯胺如2-吡咯啶酮及8-己內醯胺;酮或醛的肟,如丙酮肟、甲基乙基酮肟、環己酮肟、及乙醛肟;伸乙亞胺;及亞硫酸氫鹽。
一實例中,熱交聯劑為經以3,5-二甲基吡唑封端的HDI雙脲,可自Baxenden Chemicals Ltd以商品名Trixene BI 7960購得。
某些實例中,熱交聯劑存在組合物的量為10wt%或更少,例如5wt%或更少。某些實例中,熱交聯劑為經封端的異氰酸酯,基於總組合物100重量份的使用量為0.1至10重量份及較佳為0.5至5重量份。
某些實例中,熱交聯劑包含三嗪化合物。例如,三嗪化合物可為三(烷氧基羰基胺基)三嗪。三(烷氧基羰基胺基)三嗪(TACT)化合物的實例係如下述結構。
此類材料係由Allnex以商品名Cymel NF 2000及由BASF以商品名Larotact 150販售。除了改良對阻焊劑的物理及化學耐性之外,當組合物不包含含有羥基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯單體時,三嗪化合物亦可於熱硬化過程中使用於預防銅電路於防焊劑下的氧化。因此,組合物的一實例中於不存在含有羥基的單體自由基可聚合化合物的情況下包含呈三嗪化合物型的熱交聯劑。一實例中,組合物包含呈三嗪化合物型的熱交聯劑以及含有羥基的單體自由基可聚合化合物,此組合物之三嗪:羥基的莫耳比不多於1:2,例如莫耳比為1:1。因此,對於具有二個羥基基團的單體自由基可聚合化合物,三嗪:單體自由基可聚合化合物的莫耳比不多於1:1,,較佳地為1:<1。
某些實例中,熱交聯劑包含異氰酸酯化合物及三嗪化合物。某些實例中,熱交聯劑於不存在含有羥基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯單體自由基可聚合化合物的情況下,包含異氰酸酯化合物及三嗪化合物。
某些實例中,熱交聯劑為三嗪化合物且於組合物中的量為10wt%或更少,例如5wt%或更少,例如2wt%至5wt%的範圍,例如3wt%至5wt%的範圍。某些實例中,熱交聯劑為三嗪化合物且基於組合物的總固體含量於組合物中的存在量為5wt%或更少,例如3wt%或更少,例如1wt%至3wt%的範圍,例如約2wt%。
熱硬化劑於經硬化的膜中增加交聯度及改良各種重要的防焊劑性質,如對熱的耐性、對焊熱的耐性、對化學品的耐性、電絕緣性質、及對無電鍍敷(electroless plating)及浸漬鍍敷(immersion plating)的耐性。
自由基起始劑
自由基可硬化噴射組合物含有至少一種自由基起始劑,但可含有包括多種自由基起始劑及/或共起始劑的起始系統。
自由基起始劑可為自由基光起始劑,更具體地為Norrish I型起始劑或Norrish II型起始劑。自由基光起始劑為當暴露於光化輻射(actinic radiation)藉由形成自由基而起始單體及寡聚物的聚合的化學化合物。Norrish I型起始劑為激發後裂解,立即產生起始自由基的起始劑。Norrish II型-起始劑為光起始劑,其藉由光化輻射活化且藉由成為實際上的起始自由基的第二化合物的奪氫作用(hydrogen abstraction)形成自由基。此第二化合物稱為聚合增效劑或共起始劑。I型及II型光起始劑二者可以單獨或組合的形式使用於所描述的方法及組合物。
光起始劑的具體實例可包括,但不限於,下述化合物或其組合:苯乙酮類如苯乙酮、2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮、2,2-二乙氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮、及1,1-二氯苯乙酮,蒽醌類如2-甲基-蒽醌、2-乙基蒽醌、2-第三-丁基蒽醌、及1-氯蒽醌,苯偶因及其烷基醚如苯偶因、苯偶因甲基醚、苯偶因乙基醚、及苯偶因異丙基醚,二苯甲酮及經取代二苯甲酮類,1-羥基環己基苯基酮,噻噸酮類如2,4-二甲基-噻噸酮、2,4-二乙基噻噸酮、2-氯噻噸酮、及2,4-二異丙基噻噸酮,2-
羥基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙烷-1-酮,2-苯甲基-2-二甲基胺基-(4-N-嗎啉基苯基)丁烷-1-酮,縮酮類如苯乙酮二甲基縮酮及苯甲基二甲基縮酮、雙(2,6-二甲基苯甲醯基)-2,4,4-三甲基戊基膦氧化物,2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯基-二苯基膦氧化物、2,4,6-三甲氧基苯甲醯基二苯基膦氧化物,胺基苯乙酮類如2-甲基-1-[4-(甲基硫基)苯基]-2-N-嗎啉基丙烷-1-酮、2-苯甲基-2-二甲基胺基-1-(4-N-嗎啉基苯基)-丁烷-1-酮、及N,N-二甲基胺基苯乙酮、2,2-二甲氧基-1,2-二苯基乙烷-1-酮或5,7-二碘-3-丁氧基-6-芴酮、2,4,5-三芳基咪唑的二聚體;核黃素四丁酸酯;硫醇化合物如2-巰基苯並咪唑、2-巰基苯並噁唑、及2-巰基苯並噻唑;2,4,6-三-S-三嗪;有機鹵素化合物如2,2,2-三溴乙醇及三溴甲基苯基碸;或氧雜蒽酮類。
合適的市售光起始劑包括IrgacureTM 184、IrgacureTM 500、IrgacureTM 369、IrgacureTM 1700、IrgacureTM 651、IrgacureTM 819、IrgacureTM 1000、IrgacureTM 1300、IrgacureTM 1870、DarocurTM 1173、DarocurTM 2959、DarocurTM 4265及DarocurTM ITX可得自IGM Resins Ltd,LucerinTM TPO可得自BASF AG,EsacureTM KT046、EsacureTM KIP150、EsacureTM KT37及EsacureTM EDB可得自IGM,H-NuTM 470及H-NuTM 470X可得自SPECTRA GROUP Ltd。
光起始劑的較佳量為組合物總重量的0.1至20wt.%,更佳為2至15wt.%,及最佳為3至10wt.%。
為了進一步增加光敏性,組合物可額外含有共起始劑。共起始劑的合適實例可分類為三組:(1)第三脂族胺類如甲基二乙醇胺、二甲基乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、三乙基胺及N-甲基嗎啉;(2)芳族胺如對二甲基-胺基苯甲酸戊脂、2-正丁氧基乙基-4-(二甲基胺基)苯甲酸酯、2-(二甲基胺基)-乙基苯甲酸酯、乙基-4-(二甲基胺基)苯甲酸酯、及2-乙基己基-4-(二甲基胺基)苯甲酸酯;及(3)(甲基)丙烯酸酯化胺類如二烷基胺基烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯類(例如,二乙基胺基乙基丙
烯酸酯)或N-嗎啉基烷基-(甲基)丙烯酸酯類(例如,N-嗎啉基乙基-丙烯酸酯)。較佳的共起始劑為胺基苯甲酸酯類。
該等已知且通常使用的光聚合起始劑可單獨使用或以二種或更多種成員的混合物形式使用。
再者,二茂鈦(titanocene)化合物如CGI-784(Ciba Specialty Chemicals的產品)及其類似物,其於可見光區展現吸收可添加以促進光化學反應。光聚合起始劑不限制於上文列舉的特定化合物。於紫外光區或可見光區吸收光且引起如(甲基)丙烯醯基之不飽和基團的自由基聚合的任何化合物,可單獨使用或以多成員的組合形式使用,而無關於光聚合起始劑或光起始劑助劑。
自由基起始劑可為熱自由基起始劑如O-亞胺基-異-脲化合物,如美國專利US 8,664,288及「Thermal radical initiator derivatives based on O-imino-isourea:Synthesis,polymerization,and characterization,Beomjin Kim,Dong Geun Lee,Dong Yeon Kim,Hyeok Jin Kim,Nam Sik Kong,Jin Chul Kim,Seung Man Noh,Hyun Wook Jung,Young IL Park,(J.Polym.Sci.Part A:Polym.Chem.54(2016)3593-3600)」所敘述者。
本發明的某些態樣中,熱自由基起始劑亦可利用作為於異氰酸酯化合物的封端基團,如「Kevin Injoe Jung,Beomjin Kim,Dong Geun Lee,Tae-Hee Lee,Seo Yeon Choi,Jin Chul Kim,Seung Man Noh,Young Il Park and Hyun Wook Jung,Characteristics of dual-curable blocked isocyanate with thermal radical initiator for low-temperature curing of automotive coatings,Progress in Organic Coatings,125,(160-166),(2018)」所敘述。
某些實例中,可噴射組合物包含:10wt%或更少的環氧基或氧雜丁烷樹脂的一種或多種反應性單體、寡聚物或預聚物;
70wt%或更多的一種或多種的自由基可聚合化合物;5wt%或更少的一種或多種的熱交聯劑;以及10wt%或更少的一種或多種的自由基起始劑。
某些實例中,可噴射組合物包含:清漆型環氧基樹脂;乙烯基醚丙烯酸酯及單-或三-官能性丙烯酸酯作為自由基可聚合化合物;HDI雙脲及三嗪化合物作為熱交聯劑;以及一種或多種自由基起始劑,視需要地為上述設定量。
某些實例中,含有至少一環氧基或氧雜環丁烷官能性基團的反應性單體、寡聚物或預聚物對於熱交聯劑的重量百分比例為5:1至1:5的範圍,例如,3:1至1:1的範圍。
著色劑
某些實例中,可噴射組合物包含一種或多種的著色劑。著色劑可包含顏料或染劑。某些實例中,組合物中著色劑的存在量基於組合物的總固體含量為少於10wt.%、少於9wt.%、少於8wt.%、少於7wt.%、少於6wt.%、少於5wt.%、少於4wt.%、少於3wt.%、少於2wt.%,例如少於1wt.%,,例如約0.5wt%。某些實例中,著色劑係以量為1至10wt.%的範圍添加至組合物作為15%分散劑,例如由2至9wt.%,例如由3至7wt.%,例如由3至5wt.%。
添加劑
可噴射組合物可進一步包含一種或多種的添加劑,例如一種或多種的反應性稀釋劑、消泡劑、防失光澤劑、調平劑、顏料分散劑、聚合抑制劑、界面活性劑、吸附促進劑、硬化加速劑、觸變劑、惰性填充劑或阻燃劑。
該等添加劑為所屬技術領域所習知且無需進一步討論。
某些實例中,組合物的黏度於45℃不超過20mPa.s,例如於45℃介於1及18mPa.s之間,例如於45℃介於4及14mPa.s之間。黏度在此範圍內的組合物適合用於工業噴墨印刷。
某些實例中,組合物為高黏度組合物且於25℃具有少於200mPa.s的黏度,例如於25℃少於190mPa.s,例如於25℃少於180mPa.s,例如於25℃少於170mPa.s,例如於25℃少於160mPa.s,例如於25℃約150mPa.s。
某些實例中,組合物於25℃具有由50mPa.s至200mPa.s的範圍的黏度,例如於25℃由75mPa.s至190mPa.s的範圍,例如於25℃由100mPa.s至180mPa.s的範圍,例如由125mPa.s至170mPa.s的範圍,例如於25℃由140mPa.s至160mPa.s的範圍。高黏度組合物可藉由修改組合物中組分的量而予以製備,特別藉由改變反應性單體及寡聚物之間的比例,如本文所記載。
某些實例中,組合物的表面張力於25℃為18至70mN/m的範圍,例如於25℃為20至50mN/m的範圍。表面張力在此範圍內的組合物提供高印刷品質及吸附性。
電子裝置
根據第二態樣提供電子裝置,包含於其第一表面具有導電圖案及本文所記載的組合物的介電基板。某些實例中,電子裝置為印刷電路板或包含印刷電路板。
某些實例中,介電基板包含非導電性材料如紙/樹脂複材或樹脂/玻璃纖維複材、陶瓷基板、聚酯或聚醯亞胺。某些實例中,組合物係於介電基板的第一表面選擇性地經圖案化。某些實例中,組合物係於介電基板的第一表面選擇性地經圖案化,其係經印刷以致於形成實質上等同於導電圖案的圖案,且與導電圖案對準。例如,組合物可僅印刷於該導電圖案的頂部以包封該導電圖案及與環境隔絕。
某些實例中,介電基板進一步於其第二表面包含導電圖案。介電基板可進一步包含本文所記載的組合物,其選擇性地經圖案化以實質地包封該介電基板的第二表面的導電圖案。
某些實例中,組合物係以至少部分經硬化的狀態。存在於介電基板的第一表面及/或第二表面。例如,組合物於介電基板可為至少部分經熱硬化狀態,至少部分經輻射硬化狀態或至少部分經熱硬化狀態且至少部分經輻射硬化狀態。
某些實例中,於介電基板的第一表面及/或第二表面的導電圖案係由任何導電金屬或合金所形成。某些實例中,導電金屬或合金包含金、銀、鈀、鎳、錫、鉛、鋁及銅中的一種或多種。
某些實例中,電子裝置為單側裝置、雙側裝置或多層裝置,於其各側或各層具有導電圖案或走線。某些實例中,電子裝置為可撓性基板或包含可撓性介電基板。
方法
根據第三態樣,提供方法,包含噴射如本文所記載的可噴射組合物至於其第一表面具有導電圖案的介電基板;以及硬化該可噴射組合物。
如本文所記載的可噴射組合物可使用用於印刷阻焊劑組合物或絕緣組合物至電路板的任何合適噴墨印刷基予以噴射。該等印刷機的實例包括來自Meyer Burger的PiXDRO範圍。
某些實例中,組合物係選擇性地噴射至介電基板的第一表面以及導電圖案,以至於實質上的包封該導電圖案。該選擇性噴射可經由使用噴墨印刷基及合適的CAD檔案來實現。
某些實例中,硬化該經噴射的組合物包含曝光該組合物於電子束輻射或光化輻射,例如UV輻射。如果使用UV輻射硬化,光源可為發射UV光的發光二極體(UV LED)光源。
某些實例中,硬化該經噴射的組合物包含熱處理該經噴射的組合物。某些實例中,經噴射的組合物係於熱處理之前、之後或同時以光化輻射硬化。某些實例中,經噴射的組合物係於以光化輻射硬化之後熱處理。
某些實例中,熱處理包含在大於80℃、大於100℃、大於150℃、大於170℃、大於200℃、大於220℃、或大於240℃、大於250°的溫度下進行的處理。某些實例中,熱處理包含在低於250℃、低於230℃、低於210℃、低於190℃、低於170℃、低於150℃、低於130℃、低於110℃、或低於90℃的溫度下進行的處理。某些實例中,熱處理包含在由80℃至250℃,例如由100℃至200℃,例如由120℃至170℃的溫度下進行的處理。熱處理通常進行15及90分鐘之間。
[實施例]
方法
墨製劑的實例方法
組合物的製備係藉由首先溶解固體組分(例如,固體環氧基樹脂及起始劑)於一種或多種的低黏度的液體組分中。著色劑係藉由合適的分散方法(例如,球磨機/粒磨機)予以分散。然後將著色劑分散物與剩餘的液體組分一起添加至固體組分的溶液,且藉由手或使用合適的混合機予以摻混,然後經由可自Pall Corporation獲得的1微米的玻璃碟濾器予以過濾。
檢查黏度且使用一種或多種的液體組分予以調整。
基板製備
可藉由機械/研磨方法如電刷、噴射浮石或浮石,或藉由化學預處理方法如清潔劑或溶劑清潔、微蝕刻、受控氧化方法或其他表面處理如表面能量修飾處理,於塗覆之前予以清潔。
噴墨組合物的塗覆
為了評估吸附,列於表1的溶劑及阻焊劑、實例塗覆係使用25μm K-bar塗覆線棒予以塗覆以提供15μm的厚度及UV硬化,接著於150℃熱處理60分鐘。
經塗覆組合物係於UV硬化後予以評估硬化速度/硬化效率以及最終性質如熱硬化之後的吸附及溶劑耐性。
噴墨組合物的印刷
為了評估對於ENIG(無電鍍鎳浸漬金)及錫浸鍍敷溶液的耐性,墨係使用Meyer Burger LP50噴墨印刷機噴射至PCB測試片。墨係塗覆二或三次,以達成厚度約30微米或45微米且使用395nm UV LED光源進行「針硬化」。然後樣品於來自中壓Hg蒸氣燈之2000mJ進行「UV凸塊」且於150℃熱處理60分鐘。鍍敷之後(參照下文),使用10x放大鏡檢測測試片,用於顯示塗覆或電路走線的起泡、分層,塗覆的表面攻擊及/或顏色變化的證據。塗覆吸附係藉由解剖刀,於金屬電路的全面積,於經硬化的塗覆中切割3x3的格柵圖案。格柵切割的間隔為1mm。切割格柵之後,藉由施加自吸附膠帶(Scotch 600)至表面,藉由手移除且目視檢查由格柵及周圍區域的塗覆的移除而予以評估。
鍍敷方案
預處理
對於所有樣品,無關於浸漬測試,實施下述預處理:
1.清滌劑-Pro Select SF K。操作於溫度45℃,浸漬時間4分鐘。
2.清滌蝕刻-Microetch SF。操作於溫度26℃。浸漬時間2分鐘。
對於浸漬錫,後續方案為下述者:
浸漬溶液:Stannatech 2000V得自Atotech UK Ltd。
操作溫度75℃;浸漬時間:接近20分鐘。
對ENIG浸漬,後續方案為下述者;
1.活化-Aurotech Activator 1000。操作溫度25℃。浸漬時間1½分鐘。
2.無電鍍鎳-Aurotech CNN Mod。操作溫度85℃。浸漬時間接近25分鐘。
3.浸漬金-Aurotech CS 9000。操作溫度85℃。浸漬時間接近12至16分鐘。
預處理或個別步驟之間,樣品係使用自來水或去離子水(最終潤洗)予以清洗。
黏度測定
組合物的黏度係使用Brookfield DV-II+Pro黏度計,以Spindle #18,於速度100rpm,於25℃測定。
表面張力
組合物的表面張力係使用得自Shanghai Fangrui Instrument Co.Ltd的Interfacial Surface Tension Meter,Model# BZY201予以測定。
噴墨組合物的硬化效率
經塗覆的噴墨的墨係於UV硬化之後對於硬化速度藉由眼睛及觸摸予以評估且提供排序由1(非常乾燥)至5(濕)。
X-影線吸附
X-影線吸附係使用解剖刀藉由於經硬化的塗覆切割3x3格柵圖案予以測定。格柵切割為空間1mm相隔。切割格柵之後,吸附係藉由黏貼自吸附膠帶
(Scotch 600)至表面且以手移除而予以評估。目視評估結果微吸附品質排序由1(非常優良的吸附)至5(非常不佳的吸附)。
阻焊劑耐性的評估
塗覆的阻焊劑耐性係使用可自L&M PRODUCTS取得之經填充得自SOLDER CONNECTION之「K」Grade 63:37錫/鉛焊劑的SPL600240 Digital Dynamic Solder Pot予以評估。焊劑溫度係設定於260℃。
使用棉花羊毛球,於樣品的表面(亦即組合物於銅表面的塗覆)施加來自SOLDER CONNECTION之焊劑料SC7560A,其中已進行X-影線吸附測試以清滌表面。焊劑料係藉由將樣品至於上述焊劑槽1分鐘而予以乾燥。
製造焊波且樣品通過焊波四次(5秒/每次通過),使其於各通過之間於潤洗及回流之前冷卻,之後潤洗樣品且使其冷卻至室溫。
然後防焊劑組合物於銅表面的吸附係以上述的X-影線方法予以評估。
儲存安定性
儲存安定性係藉由測定於60℃儲存28日之後的組合物於25℃的黏度增加百分比而予以評估。
實施例組合物
組合物係以下述表1及表2所示的組成予以製備。
反應性單體1:環氧基甲酚清漆(NPCN-704得自Nanya);反應性單體2:環氧基甲酚清漆(Epiclon N680得自DIC Corporation);反應性單體3:環氧基甲酚清漆(ECN 1273得自Huntsman);反應性單體4:雙酚-A環氧基(GY260得
自Huntsman);反應性單體5:環脂族環氧基(EHPE3150得自Daicel);反應性單體6:聚合性環氧基清漆(Epiclon SU-8得自Miller Stephenson);反應性單體7:二環戊二烯型環氧基(HP-7200 HH得自DIC Corporation);反應性單體8:二環戊二烯型環氧基(HP-9500得自DIC Corporation);反應性單體9:雙酚-A環氧基(GT 6610得自Huntsman);反應性單體10:環氧基酚清漆(DEN 438得自DOW);反應性單體11:雙酚-F環氧基(GY285得自Huntsman);反應性單體12:環脂族環氧基(Omnilane 2005得自IGM resins);反應性單體13:氧雜環丁烷環醚單體(Aron OXT-221得自Toagosei);反應性單體14:環脂族環氧基(Uvicure S-140得自Lambsons);反應性單體15:環氧基官能矽烷(Silquest A-186得自Momentive);反應性單體16:環氧基單體/稀釋劑(Erisys GE21得自CVC Thermoset Specialities;反應性單體17:環氧基單體/稀釋劑(Araldite DY-T得自Huntsman);自由基可聚合化合物1:單官能性丙烯酸酯單體(Miramer M1130得自Miwon);自由基可聚合化合物2:三官能性丙烯酸酯單體(三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯得自Sigma-Aldrich);自由基可聚合化合物3:乙烯基乙氧基醚丙烯酸酯(VEEA得自Nippon Shokubai);自由基可聚合化合物4:單官能性丙烯酸酯單體(SR339得自Arkema);自由基可聚合化合物5:環狀三羥甲基-丙烷甲醛丙烯酸酯(SR531得自Arkema);光起始劑1:Omnirad 4-PBz得自IGM resins;光起始劑2:Omnirad 808得自IGM resins;光起始劑3:ITX得自IGM resins;聚合抑制劑:Genorad G22得自Rahn;熱交聯劑1:封端的異氰酸酯雙脲(BI 7960得自Baxenden Chemicals);熱交聯劑2:胺基交聯子(Larotact 150得自BASF);顏料:藍/黃顏料分散物(SIC PY150/SICPB154得自Speciality Industrial Chemical);反應性單體18:環氧基功能性矽烷(MP200得自Azelis)。硬化劑:CASAMID 780加速雙氰胺得自Thomas Swan).
表2的實施例29至33中,反應性單體18及硬化劑係經添加至列出的其他成分的100份調配物中。
如表1及表2可見,根據本揭露的組合物展現一種或多種的優異性質,選自UV硬化速度、溶劑(二氯甲烷)耐性、防焊耐性、及對於ENIG(無電鍍鎳浸漬金)及錫浸漬的耐性。於所有的情況中,1或2的評估就加工或實施標準而言是可接受的。
Claims (30)
- 一種可噴射組合物,其包含:含有至少一種環氧基或氧雜環丁烷官能基的反應單體、寡聚物或預聚物,其中該含有至少一種環氧基或氧雜環丁烷官能基的反應單體、寡聚物或預聚物包含一種或多種的酚清漆型環氧樹脂、甲酚清漆型環氧樹脂、二環戊二烯型環氧基;自由基可聚合化合物;包含異氰酸酯化合物及可選地三嗪化合物的熱交聯劑,其中該異氰酸酯化合物是經封端的異氰酸酯化合物;以及自由基起始劑。
- 如請求項1的可噴射組合物,其中,該含有至少一種環氧基或氧雜環丁烷官能基的反應單體、寡聚物或預聚物進一步包含一種或多種的雙酚-A型環氧樹脂、雙酚-F型環氧樹脂、環脂族環氧基化合物、環氧基醚、環氧基矽烷、環氧丙基醚、環氧丙基酯、環氧丙基胺及氧雜環丁烷單體。
- 如請求項1的可噴射組合物,其中,該自由基可聚合化合物包含一種或多種的含有乙烯基醚的化合物及/或一種或多種的含有(甲基)丙烯酸酯基團的化合物。
- 如請求項1的可噴射組合物,其中,該自由基可聚合化合物包含具有乙烯基醚基團及(甲基)丙烯酸酯基團的化合物。
- 如請求項1的可噴射組合物,其中,該自由基可聚合化合物不含有羥基取代基。
- 如請求項1的可噴射組合物,其中,該熱交聯劑進一步包含三嗪化合物,且其中該三嗪化合物包含三(烷氧基羰基胺基)三嗪。
- 如請求項1的可噴射組合物,其中,該熱交聯劑進一步包含三嗪化合物,及該自由基可聚合化合物包含含有羥基的單體自由基可聚合化合物,其中該三嗪化合物對羥基的莫耳比不多於1:2。
- 如請求項1的可噴射組合物,其中,該自由基起始劑包含一種或多種的光起始劑及/或一種或多種的熱起始劑。
- 如請求項1的可噴射組合物,其中,進一步包含一種或多種的反應性稀釋劑、消泡劑、防失光澤劑、調平劑、著色劑、顏料分散劑、聚合抑制劑、界面活性劑、吸附促進劑、硬化加速劑、觸變劑或阻燃劑。
- 如請求項1的可噴射組合物,其包含:10wt%或更少的一種或多種該含有至少一種環氧基或氧雜環丁烷官能基的反應單體、寡聚物或預聚物;70wt%或更多的一種或多種的該自由基可聚合化合物;5wt%或更少的一種或多種的該熱交聯劑;以及10wt%或更少的一種或多種的該自由基起始劑。
- 如請求項1的可噴射組合物,其中,該含有至少一種環氧基或氧雜環丁烷官能基的反應單體、寡聚物或預聚物對於該熱交聯劑的比例為5:1至1:5的範圍。
- 如請求項1的可噴射組合物,其中,該含有至少一種環氧基或氧雜環丁烷官能基的反應單體、寡聚物或預聚物對於該熱交聯劑的比例為3:1至1:1的範圍。
- 如請求項1的可噴射組合物,其中,該含有至少一種環氧基或氧雜環丁烷官能基的反應單體、寡聚物或預聚物包含環氧基當量重量為190g/Eq至230g/Eq的環氧基甲酚清漆樹脂。
- 一種製造電子裝置的方法,包含:噴射如請求項1的可噴射組合物至其第一表面具有導電圖案的一介電基板;以及硬化該經噴射的組合物。
- 如請求項14的方法,其中,硬化該經噴射的組合物的步驟包含在印刷時及/或印刷後曝光該組合物於光化輻射或電子束輻射。
- 如請求項14的方法,其中,硬化該經噴射的組合物的步驟包含曝光該組合物於UV輻射。
- 如請求項14的方法,其中,硬化該經噴射的組合物的步驟包含藉由曝光至來自發光二極體(LED)源的UV輻射而硬化。
- 如請求項14的方法,進一步包含熱處理該經噴射的組合物。
- 如請求項18的方法,其中,該經噴射的組合物係於熱處理之前、之後或同時使用光化輻射硬化。
- 如請求項18的方法,其中,該熱處理包含在80℃至250℃的溫度下進行的處理。
- 如請求項14的方法,其中,該組合物經噴射至該介電基板的該第一表面及該導電圖案。
- 如請求項14的方法,其中,該介電基板進一步包含於其第二表面的導電圖案,且其中該方法視需要包含噴射如請求項1的可噴射組合物至該介電基板的該第二表面的該導電圖案。
- 一種電子裝置,包含一介電基板,該介電基板於其第一表面具有導電圖案及請求項1的可噴射組合物。
- 如請求項23的電子裝置,其中,該組合物係呈硬化狀態。
- 如請求項23的電子裝置,其中,該介電基板包含非導電性材料。
- 如請求項23的電子裝置,其中,該介電基板包含紙/樹脂複材或樹脂/玻璃纖維複材、陶瓷基板、聚酯或聚醯亞胺。
- 如請求項23的電子裝置,其中,該導電圖案係由任何導電金屬或合金所形成。
- 如請求項27的電子裝置,其中,該導電金屬或合金包含一種或多種的金、銀、鈀、鎳、錫、鉛、鋁及銅。
- 如請求項23的電子裝置,其中,該介電基板進一步於其第二表面包含導電圖案及請求項1的可噴射組合物。
- 如請求項23的電子裝置,其中,該電子裝置為印刷電路板。
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WO2024017864A1 (en) | 2022-07-19 | 2024-01-25 | Agfa-Gevaert Nv | A curable inkjet composition for the manufacturing of printed circuit boards |
WO2024017881A1 (en) | 2022-07-19 | 2024-01-25 | Agfa-Gevaert Nv | A curable inkjet composition for the manufacturing of printed circuit boards |
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WO2020109769A1 (en) | 2020-06-04 |
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CN113383044B (zh) | 2023-01-03 |
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SG11202104899PA (en) | 2021-06-29 |
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