TWI823075B - 含硼化合物、發光材料及使用其之發光元件 - Google Patents
含硼化合物、發光材料及使用其之發光元件 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI823075B TWI823075B TW110113091A TW110113091A TWI823075B TW I823075 B TWI823075 B TW I823075B TW 110113091 A TW110113091 A TW 110113091A TW 110113091 A TW110113091 A TW 110113091A TW I823075 B TWI823075 B TW I823075B
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 59
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- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 10
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 3,6-di-tert-butyl-9-carbazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 89
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 20
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
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- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 22
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- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
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- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 3
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- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- AWXGSYPUMWKTBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-carbazol-9-yl-n,n-bis(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(N(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 AWXGSYPUMWKTBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKIJILZFXPFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-n-[4-[1-[4-(4-methyl-n-(4-methylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]cyclohexyl]phenyl]-n-(4-methylphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C1(CCCCC1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 ZOKIJILZFXPFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical group N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101000837344 Homo sapiens T-cell leukemia translocation-altered gene protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UFVXQDWNSAGPHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K bis[(2-methylquinolin-8-yl)oxy]-(4-phenylphenoxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CC=C([O-])C2=NC(C)=CC=C21.C1=CC=C([O-])C2=NC(C)=CC=C21.C1=CC([O-])=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 UFVXQDWNSAGPHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
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- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001981 tert-butyldimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([H])(C([H])([H])[H])[*]C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007979 thiazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical class [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005034 trifluormethylthio group Chemical group FC(S*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000004044 trifluoroacetyl group Chemical group FC(C(=O)*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- IRYJRGCIQBGHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethadione Chemical compound CN1C(=O)OC(C)(C)C1=O IRYJRGCIQBGHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000001651 triphenylamine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/027—Organoboranes and organoborohydrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/321—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3]
- H10K85/322—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3] comprising boron
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
本發明提供一種化合物,其由式(I)表示(式中,X、Y及Z分別獨立地為氫原子、或者經取代或未經取代之含氮雜芳基(heteroaryl group);其中,Y及Z中之至少一者為經取代或未經取代之含氮雜芳基)。
Description
本發明係關於一種含硼化合物、發光材料及使用其之發光元件。更詳細而言,本發明係關於一種發光特性優異之含硼化合物、發光材料及使用其之發光元件。
作為發光材料,例如於專利文獻1~4中提出了多種具有含氮縮合環結構之化合物。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]WO 2015/102118 A
[專利文獻2]CN 107501311 A
[專利文獻3]CN 110407858 A
[專利文獻4]日本特開2012-234873號公報
[發明所欲解決之課題]
本發明之課題在於提供一種發光特性優異之新穎之含硼化合物、發光材料及使用其之發光元件。
[解決課題之技術手段]
為了解決上述課題進行了潛心研究,結果完成了包含以下形態之本發明。
即,本發明如下所述。
[1]一種化合物,其由式(I)表示:
式(I)中,X、Y及Z分別獨立地為氫原子、或者經取代或未經取代之含氮雜芳基(heteroaryl group)。其中,Y及Z中之至少一者為經取代或未經取代之含氮雜芳基。
[2]如[1]所記載之化合物,其中,Y及Z中之至少一者為經取代或未經取代之9-咔唑基。
[3]如[1]所記載之化合物,其中,Y及Z中之至少一者為經C1~4烷基取代之9-咔唑基。
[4]如[1]所記載之化合物,其中,Y及Z中之至少一者為3,6-二第三丁基-9-咔唑基。
[5]一種發光材料,其包含[1]至[4]中任一項所記載之化合物。
[6]一種發光元件,其含有[5]所記載之發光材料。
[發明之效果]
本發明之含硼化合物可用作發光材料。作為本發明之發光材料,有放射出延遲螢光之發光材料。含有本發明之發光材料之發光元件可實現優異之發光效率。
本發明之含硼化合物係式(I)所表示之化合物。
式(I)中,X、Y及Z分別獨立地為氫原子、或者經取代或未經取代之含氮雜芳基。其中,Y及Z中之至少一者為經取代或未經取代之含氮雜芳基。
X、Y及Z中之含氮雜芳基可為單環或多環之任一者。含氮多環雜芳基只要至少一個環為含氮雜芳環,則剩餘之環便可為飽和環、不飽和環或芳香環之任一者,剩餘之環較佳為芳香環。構成未經取代之含氮雜芳基之原子之數量較佳為5~40,更佳為5~20,進而較佳為5~14。
作為未經取代之含氮雜芳基,可列舉:咪唑基、吡唑基、三唑基、二唑基、噻二唑基、四唑基等5員環雜芳基;吡啶基、吡基、嘧啶基、嗒基、三基等6員環雜芳基;吲哚基、苯并咪唑基、喹啉基、異喹啉基、喹啉基、咔唑基等縮合環雜芳基;等。
關於經取代之含氮雜芳基中之取代基,只要在化學上容許且具有本發明之效果,便無特別限制。
作為可成為「取代基」之基之具體例,可列舉以下基。
氟基、氯基、溴基、碘基等鹵素基;
甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、正戊基、正己基等C1~6烷基;
乙烯基、1-丙烯基、2-丙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、1-甲基-2-丙烯基、2-甲基-2-丙烯基、1-戊烯基、2-戊烯基、3-戊烯基、4-戊烯基、1-甲基-2-丁烯基、2-甲基-2-丁烯基、1-己烯基、2-己烯基、3-己烯基、4-己烯基、5-己烯基等C2~6烯基;
乙炔基、1-丙炔基、2-丙炔基、1-丁炔基、2-丁炔基、3-丁炔基、1-甲基-2-丙炔基、2-甲基-3-丁炔基、1-戊炔基、2-戊炔基、3-戊炔基、4-戊炔基、1-甲基-2-丁炔基、2-甲基-3-戊炔基、1-己炔基、1,1-二甲基-2-丁炔基等C2~6炔基;
環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環庚基、立方烷基(cubanyl group)等C3~8環烷基;
2-環丙烯基、2-環戊烯基、3-環己烯基、4-環辛烯基等C3~8環烯基;
苯基、萘基等C6~10芳基;
吡咯基、呋喃基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡唑基、唑基、異唑基、噻唑基、異噻唑基、三唑基、二唑基(oxadiazolyl group)、噻二唑基(thiadiazolyl group)、四唑基等5員環雜芳基;
吡啶基、吡基、嘧啶基、嗒基、三基等6員環雜芳基;
吲哚基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基(benzothienyl group)、苯并咪唑基、苯并唑基、苯并噻唑基、喹啉基、異喹啉基、喹啉基等縮合環雜芳基;
環氧乙烷基(oxiranyl group)、四氫呋喃基、二氧戊環基(dioxolanyl group)、二氧雜環己基(dioxanyl group)等環狀醚基;
氮丙啶基、吡咯啶基、哌啶基、六氫吡基、啉基等環狀胺基;
羥基;側氧基;
甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、第二丁氧基、異丁氧基、第三丁氧基等C1~6烷氧基;
乙烯氧基、烯丙氧基、丙烯氧基、丁烯氧基等C2~6烯氧基;
乙炔氧基、炔丙氧基等C2~6炔氧基;
苯氧基、萘氧基等C6~10芳氧基;
噻唑氧基、吡啶氧基等5~6員環雜芳氧基;
羧基;
甲醯基、乙醯基、丙醯基等C1~6烷羰基;
甲醯氧基、乙醯氧基、丙醯氧基等C1~6烷基羰氧基;
甲氧基羰基、乙氧基羰基、正丙氧基羰基、異丙氧基羰基、正丁氧基羰基、第三丁氧基羰基等C1~6烷氧基羰基;
氯甲基、氯乙基、三氟甲基、1,2-二氯-正丙基、1-氟-正丁基、全氟-正戊基等C1~6鹵烷基;
2-氯-1-丙烯基、2-氟-1-丁烯基等C2~6鹵烯基;
4,4-二氯-1-丁炔基、4-氟-1-戊炔基、5-溴-2-戊炔基等C2~6鹵炔基;3,3-二氟環丁基等C3~6鹵環烷基;
2-氯-正丙氧基、2,3-二氯丁氧基、三氟甲氧基、2,2,2-三氟乙氧基等C1~6鹵烷氧基;
2-氯丙烯基氧基、3-溴丁烯基氧基等C2~6鹵烯基氧基;
氯乙醯基、三氟乙醯基、三氯乙醯基等C1~6鹵烷羰基;
氰基;硝基;胺基;
甲胺基、二甲胺基、二乙胺基等C1~6烷胺基;
苯胺基、萘胺基等C6~10芳胺基;
甲醯胺基;乙醯胺基、丙醯胺基、丁醯胺基、異丙羰基胺基等C1~6烷羰基胺基;
甲氧基羰基胺基、乙氧基羰基胺基、正丙氧基羰基胺基、異丙氧基羰基胺基等C1~6烷氧基羰基胺基;
S,S-二甲基磺醯亞胺基(S,S-dimethyl sulfoximino group)等C1~6烷基磺醯亞胺基;
胺基羰基;
甲胺基羰基、二甲胺基羰基、乙胺基羰基、異丙基胺基羰基等C1~6烷胺基羰基;
亞胺基甲基、(1-亞胺基)乙基、(1-亞胺基)-正丙基等亞胺基C1~6烷基;
羥基亞胺基甲基、(1-羥基亞胺基)乙基、(1-羥基亞胺基)丙基等羥基亞胺基C1~6烷基;
甲氧基亞胺基甲基、(1-甲氧基亞胺基)乙基等C1~6烷氧基亞胺基C1~6烷基;
巰基;
甲硫基、乙硫基、正丙硫基、異丙硫基、正丁硫基、異丁硫基、第二丁硫基、第三丁硫基等C1~6烷硫基;
三氟甲硫基、2,2,2-三氟乙硫基等C1~6鹵烷硫基;
乙烯基硫基、烯丙基硫基等C2~6烯基硫基;
乙炔基硫基、炔丙基硫基等C2~6炔基硫基;
甲基亞磺醯基、乙基亞磺醯基、第三丁基亞磺醯基等C1~6烷基亞磺醯基;
三氟甲基亞磺醯基、2,2,2-三氟乙基亞磺醯基等C1~6鹵烷基亞磺醯基;
烯丙基亞磺醯基等C2~6烯基亞磺醯基;
炔丙基亞磺醯基等C2~6炔基亞磺醯基;
甲磺醯基、乙磺醯基、第三丁磺醯基等C1~6烷基磺醯基;
三氟甲磺醯基、2,2,2-三氟乙磺醯基等C1~6鹵烷基磺醯基;
烯丙基磺醯基等C2~6烯基磺醯基;
炔丙基磺醯基等C2~6炔基磺醯基;
三甲基矽基、三乙基矽基、第三丁基二甲基矽基等三C1~6烷基矽基;
三苯基矽基等三C6~10芳基矽基。
又,該等「取代基」亦可為,該取代基中之任一氫原子被取代為結構不同之基。
「C1~6」等用語表示母核基之碳原子數為1~6個等。該碳原子數不包括取代基中存在之碳原子數。例如,於乙氧基丁基中,母核基為丁基,取代基為乙氧基,因此分類為C2烷氧基C4烷基。
作為R,較佳為羥基、鹵素基、C1~20烷基、C1~20烷氧基、C1~20烷硫基、經C1~20烷基取代之胺基、經C6~40芳基取代之胺基、C6~40芳基、5~40員雜芳基、C2~10烯基、C2~10炔基、C2~20烷基醯胺基、C6~20芳基醯胺基、三C1~10烷基矽基,更佳為C1~20烷基、C1~20烷氧基、C1~20烷硫基、經C1~20烷基取代之胺基、經C6~40芳基取代之胺基、C6~40芳基、5~40員雜芳基。
作為由相鄰之2個R相連而形成之環,可列舉:苯環、萘環、吡啶環、嗒環、嘧啶環、吡環、吡咯環、咪唑環、吡唑環、咪唑啉環、唑環、異唑環、噻唑環、異噻唑環、環己二烯環、環己烯環、環戊烯環、環庚三烯環、環庚二烯環、環庚烯環等。
作為本發明之含硼化合物之具體例,可列舉如下所述者。但是,其等僅為示例,本發明並不限於所例示之該等化合物。
本發明之含硼化合物可藉由將公知之合成反應(例如偶合反應、取代反應等)加以組合並進行而獲得。
例如,式(I)所表示之化合物例如可藉由以下方式而獲得。
(合成例1)(2BCz-BCB之合成)
向300 mL之舒倫克燒瓶(Schlenk flask)中加入t-BuOK(1.513 g,13.5 mmo1)、脫水DMF(100 ml)、3,6-二第三丁基-咔唑(3.766 g,13.5 mmol),於室溫攪拌30分鐘。繼而,加入1-溴-2,3,5,6-四氟苯(0.686 g,3.00 mmol)並回流24小時。將所獲得之液體注入至水中,加入二氯甲烷進行萃取。向所獲得之有機層加入硫酸鎂使其乾燥,進行過濾,利用旋轉蒸發器進行濃縮。利用氯仿及甲醇使濃縮產物再結晶化,從而獲得4BCz-Br之白色結晶1.76 g(產率46.0%)。1
H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
, δ): 8.20 (s, 1H), 7.64 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 4H), 7.63 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 4H) 7.10-7.02(m, 16H), 1.40 (s, 36H), 1.39 (s, 36H).
向300 ml之舒倫克燒瓶中加入4BCz-Br(2.528 g,2.00 mmol)、脫水第三丁基苯(150 ml)。進行氮氣置換後,於0℃一點一點地加入正丁基鋰(1.9 mL,1.6 M,3.00 mmol),於室溫攪拌4小時。繼而,於0℃一點一點地加入三溴化硼(0.29 mL,3.00 mmo1),於室溫攪拌一夜。繼而,於0℃加入N,N-二異丙基乙基胺(0.5 mL,3.0 mmol),於180℃攪拌24小時。使所獲得之液體恢復至室溫並注入至水中,加入氯仿進行萃取。對所獲得之有機層進行過濾,對其濾液進行水洗,加入硫酸鎂使其乾燥,利用旋轉蒸發器進行濃縮。藉由矽膠管柱層析法(正己烷/氯仿=9/1)使濃縮產物分離,從而獲得2BCz-BCB之橙色結晶0.35 g(產率14.6%)。1
H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
, δ): 9.18 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 2H), 8.32 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 2H), 8.21 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 4H), 7.66 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (br s, 4H), 7.02 (br s, 4H), 6.68 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.27 (dd, J = 8.8, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 1.68 (s, 18H), 1.35 (s, 36H), 1.14 (s, 18H).
(合成例2)(3BCz-BCB之合成)
向300 mL之舒倫克燒瓶中加入t-BuOK(1.233 g,11.0 mmol)、脫水DMF(120 ml)、3,6-二第三丁基-咔唑(3.069 g,11.0 mol),於室溫攪拌30分鐘。繼而,加入碘五氟苯(0.586 g,2.00 mmol),回流24小時。將所獲得之液體注入至水中,加入二氯甲烷進行萃取。向所獲得之有機層中加入硫酸鎂使其乾燥,進行過濾,利用旋轉蒸發器進行濃縮。利用氯仿及甲醇使殘渣再結晶化,從而獲得5BCz-I之白色結晶2.26 g(產率71.0%)。1
H-NMR (400 MHz, CDC13
, δ): 7.60 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 4H), 7.18 (dd, J = 4.8, 1.8 Hz, 8H), 7.02 (dd, J = 8.7, 1.9 Hz, 4H), 6.93 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 4H), 6.81 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 4H), 6.68 (dd, J = 8.8, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 6.58 (dd, J = 8.8, 2.0 Hz, 4H), 1.35 (s, 36H), 1.22 (s, 36H), 1.11 (s, 18H)
向300 ml之舒倫克燒瓶中加入5BCz-I(3.178 g,2.00 mmol)、脫水第三丁基苯(150 mL)。進行氮氣置換後,於0℃一點一點地加入正丁基鋰(1.9 mL,1.6 M,3.00 mmol),於室溫攪拌4小時。繼而,於0℃一點一點地加入三溴化硼(0.29 mL,3.00 mmol),於室溫攪拌一夜。繼而,於0℃加入N,N-二異丙基乙基胺(0.5 mL,3.00 mmol),於180℃攪拌24小時。使所獲得之液體恢復至室溫並注入至水中,加入氯仿進行萃取。對所獲得之有機層進行過濾,對其濾液進行水洗,加入硫酸鎂使其乾燥,利用旋轉蒸發器進行濃縮。藉由矽膠管柱層析法(正己烷/氯仿=9/1)使濃縮產物分離,從而獲得3BCz-BCB之黃色結晶0.68 g(產率23.2%)。1
H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
, δ): δ8.81 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 2H), 8.38 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 2H), 7.73 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 4H), 7.25 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.20 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 2H), 6.56 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, 4H), 6.46 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 4H), 6.35 (dd, J = 8.7, 1.9 Hz, 2H), 6.13 (dd, J = 8.9, 2.1 Hz, 2H), 5.87 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 1.71 (s, 18H), 1.26 (s, 18H), 1.23 (s, 36H), 1.11 (s, 18H).
(合成例3)(BC2B之合成)
向200 mL之舒倫克燒瓶中加入t-BuOK(0.741 g,6.60 mmo1)、脫水DMF(60 ml)、3,6-二第三丁基-咔唑(1.841 g,6.60 mmol),於室溫攪拌30分鐘。繼而,加入2,4-二溴-1,3,5-三氟苯(0.580 g,2.00 mmo1),回流24小時。將所獲得之液體注入至水中,加入二氯甲烷進行萃取。向所獲得之有機層加入硫酸鎂使其乾燥,進行過濾,利用旋轉蒸發器進行濃縮。利用氯仿及甲醇使濃縮產物再結晶化,從而獲得3BCz-2Br之白色結晶1.23 g(產率57.7%)。1
H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
, δ): 8.16-8.08 (m, 8H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.57-7.48 (m, 8H), 7.16-7.04 (m, 8H), 1.46 (s, 18H), 1.42 (s, 36H).
向300 ml之舒倫克燒瓶中加入3BCz-2Br(2.130 g,2.00 mmol)、脫水第三丁基苯(150 ml)。進行氮氣置換後,於0℃一點一點地加入正丁基鋰(3.2 ml,1.6 M,5.00 mmo1),於室溫攪拌4小時。繼而,於0℃一點一點地加入三溴化硼(0.48 mL,5.00 mmol),於室溫攪拌一夜。繼而,於0℃加入N,N-二異丙基乙基胺(1.0 mL,6.0 mmo1),於180℃攪拌24小時。使所獲得之液體恢復至室溫並注入至水中,加入氯仿進行萃取。對所獲得之有機層進行過濾,對其濾液進行水洗。然後,加入硫酸鎂使其乾燥,利用旋轉蒸發器進行濃縮。藉由矽膠管柱層析法(正己烷/氯仿=9/1)對濃縮產物進行分離純化,從而獲得BC2B之黃色結晶0.672 g(產率38.6%)。1
H-NMR (400 MHz, CDC13
, δ): 8.71 (s, 2H), 8.60 (s, 2H), 8.33 (s, 1H), 8.19-8.11 (m, 6H), 7.89 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.61 (dd, J = 8.8, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 1.70 (s, 18H), 1.67 (s, 18H), 1.65 (s,18H).
(合成例4)(BCB之合成)
向300 mL之舒倫克燒瓶中加入t-BuOK(1.68 g,18.00 mmol)、脫水DMF(120 ml)、3,6-二第三丁基-咔唑(4.19 g,18.0 mmol),於室溫攪拌30分鐘。繼而,加入1-溴-2,6-二氟苯(1.16 g,6.00 mmol),回流24小時。將所獲得之液體注入至水中,加入二氯甲烷進行萃取。向所獲得之有機層中加入硫酸鎂使其乾燥,進行過濾,利用旋轉蒸發器進行濃縮。利用氯仿及甲醇使濃縮產物再結晶化,從而獲得2BCz-Br之白色結晶2.60 g(產率61.0%)。1
H-NMR (400 MHz, CDC13
, δ): 8.16 (d, J = 1.3 Hz, 4H), 7.68 (dd, J = 9.0, 6.5 Hz, 1H), 7.63-7.61 (m, 2H), 7.51 (dd, J = 8.7, 1.9 Hz, 4H), 7.12 (dd, J = 8.5, 0.5 Hz, 4H), 1.47 (s, 36H).
向100 ml之舒倫克燒瓶中加入2BCz-Br(1.16 g,1.50 mmol)、脫水第三丁基苯(20 mL)。進行氮氣置換後,於0℃一點一點地加入正丁基鋰(1.5 mL,1.6 M,2.5 mmol),於室溫攪拌4小時。繼而,於0℃一點一點地加入三溴化硼(0.24 mL,2.5 mmo1),於室溫攪拌一夜。繼而,於0℃加入N,N-二異丙基乙基胺(0.5 mL,3.00 mmol),於180℃攪拌24小時。使所獲得之液體恢復至室溫並注入至水中,加入氯仿進行萃取。對所獲得之有機層進行過濾,對其濾液進行水洗。然後,加入硫酸鎂使其乾燥,利用旋轉蒸發器進行濃縮。藉由矽膠管柱層析法(正己烷/氯仿=9/1)對濃縮產物進行分離純化,從而獲得BCB之黃色結晶0.23 g(產率23.9%)。1
H-NMR (400 MHz, CDC13
, δ): δ9.14 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 2H), 8.47 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 2H), 8.41 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 8.35 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 8.27 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 2H), 8.03 (t, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (dd, J = 8.8, 2.3 Hz, 2H), 1.67 (s, 18H), 1.53 (s, 18H).
(合成例5)(m-BCz-BCB之合成)
將3,6-二-第三丁基咔唑(9.22 g,33.0 mmol)加入至進行了氮氣置換之300 mL之三口燒瓶中,使其懸浮於脫水1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啶酮80 mL,於冰水冷卻下加入第三丁氧基鉀(3.93 g,35.0 mmol),於室溫攪拌0.5小時。對該混合物進行冰水冷卻,於氮氣流下將1-溴-2,3,6-三氟苯(2.11 g,10.0 mmol)溶解並添加至脫水1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啶酮10 mL中,於140℃攪拌21小時。對反應溶液進行冰水冷卻,加入水及甲苯,對有機層進行分液。進而,利用甲苯對水層進行2次萃取,用水將混合之有機層清洗3次後,用飽和鹽水進行清洗。利用硫酸鎂使有機層脫水,進行過濾、濃縮,藉此獲得粗產物。藉由矽膠管柱層析法(析出液:正己烷/苯)對粗產物進行純化,藉此以無色非晶質之形式獲得中間物7.29 g(產率73.7%)。1
H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
, δ): 8.21 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.92 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (dt, J = 8.8 Hz, 1.6 Hz, 6H), 7.35 (s, 2H), 6.97 (dd, J = 8.4 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 6.94 (dd, J = 8.4 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 6.86 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.78 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 1.51 (s, 18H), 1.35 (s, 18H), 1.34 (s, 18H)
向300 mL之四口燒瓶中加入中間物(5.43 g,5.5 mmol)及脫水二甲苯110 ml,於進行脫氣、氮氣置換後,在-10℃滴加第三丁基鋰(1.61 M正戊烷溶液10.23 mL,16.5 mmol),於60℃攪拌2小時。繼而,於-40℃加入三溴化硼(1 M二氯甲烷溶液16.5 mL,16.5 mmol),於室溫攪拌0.5小時。繼而,於-10℃加入N,N-二異丙基乙基胺(4.6 mL,26.4 mmol),於120℃攪拌18小時。對反應液進行冰水冷卻,加入乙酸鈉水溶液及甲苯,藉由矽藻土過濾而過濾出不溶物,對有機層進行分液。進而,利用甲苯對水層進行2次萃取,用飽和鹽水清洗混合之有機層。利用硫酸鎂使有機層脫水,進行過濾、濃縮,藉此獲得粗產物。藉由矽膠管柱層析法(析出液:正己烷/苯)對粗產物進行純化,從而獲得粗純化物1.38 g。利用二氯甲烷/甲醇使藉由相同之方法而獲得之粗純化物2.71 g再結晶,從而獲得m-BCz-BCB之橙色結晶2.67 g(產率31.8%)。1
H-NMR (400 MHz, CDC13
, δ): 9.17 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 9.11 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.52 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.50 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 8.44 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 8.31 (dd, J = 6.0 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 8.20 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 2H), 7.71-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.01-6.96 (m, 2H), 6.65 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.24 (dd, J = 8.8 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 1.70 (s, 9H), 1.69 (s, 9H), 1.54 (s, 9H), 1.40 (s, 18H), 1.15 (s, 9H)
所合成之化合物之純化可藉由以下方式進行,如利用管柱層析儀進行之純化;利用矽膠、活性碳、活性白土等進行之吸附純化;利用溶劑進行之再結晶或晶析法等。化合物之鑑定可藉由NMR分析等進行。再者,該行業者可基於上述說明而容易地理解到,可藉由與上述方法相同之方式來合成未全部例示出之本發明之化合物。
本發明之含硼化合物可用作發光材料。本發明之發光材料可提供有機光致發光元件、有機電致發光元件等發光元件。本發明之含硼化合物具有輔助其他發光材料(主體材料)之發光之功能,因此可摻雜於其他發光材料中而使用。
本發明之有機光致發光元件係於基板上設置含有本發明之發光材料之發光層而成者。發光層可藉由旋轉塗佈等塗佈法、噴墨印刷法等印刷法、蒸鍍法等而獲得。
本發明之有機電致發光元件係於陽極與陰極之間設置有機層而成者。本發明中之「有機層」意指位於陽極與陰極之間且實質上由有機物構成之層,該等層可於不損害本發明之發光元件之性能之範圍內包含無機物。
作為本發明之有機電致發光元件之一實施形態中之構造,可列舉於基板上依序由陽極、電洞注入層、電洞傳輸層、電子阻擋層、發光層、電洞阻擋層、電子傳輸層、陰極構成者,又,還可列舉於電子傳輸層與陰極之間進而具有電子注入層者。於該等多層構造中,可省略幾層有機層,例如亦可於基板上依序設為陽極、電洞傳輸層、發光層、電子傳輸層、電子注入層、陰極,或者設為陽極、電洞傳輸層、發光層、電子傳輸層、陰極。本發明之發光材料不僅可摻雜於發光層中,亦可摻雜於電洞注入層、電洞傳輸層、電子阻擋層、電洞阻擋層、電子傳輸層、或電子注入層中。
基板成為發光元件之支持體,可使用矽板、石英板、玻璃板、金屬板、金屬箔、樹脂膜、樹脂片等。尤其較佳為:玻璃板、或聚酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚碳酸酯、聚碸等透明合成樹脂板。於使用合成樹脂基板之情形時,必須注意阻氣性。若基板之阻氣性過低,則可能會因通過基板之外部大氣而導致發光元件劣化。因此,較佳為於合成樹脂基板之任一側或兩側設置緻密之氧化矽膜等,以確保阻氣性。
於基板上設置陽極。陽極一般使用功函數較大之材料。作為陽極用材料,例如可列舉:鋁、金、銀、鎳、鈀、鉑等金屬;銦氧化物、錫氧化物、ITO、氧化鋅、In2
O3
-ZnO、IGZO等金屬氧化物;碘化銅等鹵化金屬;碳黑;或者聚(3-甲基噻吩)、聚吡咯、聚苯胺等導電性高分子等。陽極之形成通常多藉由濺鍍法、真空蒸鍍法等而進行。又,若為銀等金屬微粒子、碘化銅等微粒子、碳黑、導電性金屬氧化物微粒子、導電性高分子細粉末等,則亦可分散於適當之黏合劑樹脂溶液中,塗佈於基板上,藉此形成陽極。進而,若為導電性高分子,則亦可藉由電解聚合而直接於基板上形成薄膜,或者於基板上塗佈導電性高分子而形成陽極。
關於陽極,亦可積層兩種以上之不同物質而形成。陽極之厚度根據所需透明性而有所不同。於需要透明性之情形時,一般而言較理想為將可見光之穿透率設為60%以上、較佳為80%以上,於該情形時,厚度一般為10~1000 nm,較佳為10~200 nm。若可不透明,則陽極之厚度可與基板為相同程度。陽極之片電阻較佳為數百Ω/□以上。
作為視需要而設置之電洞注入層,除了以銅酞青為代表之卟啉化合物以外,還可使用萘二胺衍生物、星爆型三苯胺衍生物、分子中具有將3個以上三苯胺結構利用單鍵或不含雜原子之二價基連結而得之結構的芳基胺化合物等三苯胺三聚物及四聚物、如六氰基氮雜聯三伸苯之受體性雜環化合物或塗佈型高分子材料。該等材料除了可藉由蒸鍍法來形成薄膜以外,還可藉由旋轉塗佈法或噴墨法等公知之方法來形成薄膜。
作為視需要而設置之電洞傳輸層中所使用之電洞傳輸材料,較佳為可使來自陽極之電洞注入效率變高,且可有效率地傳輸被注入之電洞。為此,較佳為游離電位較小,對可見光之光透明性較高,且電洞遷移率較大,進而穩定性優異,於製造時或使用時不易產生會成為阱之雜質。除上述一般性要求以外,於考慮到應用於車載顯示之情形時,元件較佳為進而耐熱性較高。因此,較理想為具有70℃以上之Tg值之材料。
作為視需要而設置之電洞傳輸層,可列舉:三唑衍生物、二唑衍生物、咪唑衍生物、咔唑衍生物、吲哚并咔唑(indolocarbazole)衍生物、聚芳基烷烴衍生物、吡唑啉衍生物、吡唑酮衍生物、苯二胺衍生物、芳基胺衍生物、胺基取代查耳酮衍生物、唑衍生物、苯乙烯基蒽衍生物、茀酮衍生物、腙衍生物、茋衍生物、矽氮烷衍生物、苯胺系共聚物、導電性高分子低聚物等。更具體而言,含有間咔唑基苯基之化合物、N,N'-二苯基-N,N'-二(間甲苯基)-聯苯胺(以下簡稱為TPD)、N,N'-二苯基-N,N'-二(α-萘基)-聯苯胺(以下簡稱為NPD)、N,N,N',N'-四聯苯基聯苯胺等聯苯胺衍生物、1,1-雙[(二-4-甲苯基胺基)苯基]環己烷(以下簡稱為TAPC)、各種三苯胺三聚物及四聚物、或咔唑衍生物等。該等可單獨使用一種,或將兩種以上組合而使用。電洞傳輸層可為單層構造膜,亦可為積層構造膜。又,作為電洞之注入、傳輸層,可使用聚(3,4-伸乙二氧基噻吩)(以下簡稱為PEDOT)/聚(苯乙烯磺酸鹽)(以下簡稱為PSS)等塗佈型高分子材料。該等材料除了可藉由蒸鍍法來形成薄膜以外,還可藉由旋轉塗佈法或噴墨法等公知之方法來形成薄膜。
又,關於電洞注入層或者電洞傳輸層,可使用對於該層通常使用之材料進一步P型摻雜了三溴苯胺六氯銻者、或於其部分結構具有PD結構之高分子化合物等。作為電洞注入、傳輸層之主體材料,可使用CBP、TCTA或mCP等咔唑衍生物等。
於以下列舉可用作電洞注入材料之較佳之化合物(hi1)~(hi7)。
於以下列舉可用作電洞傳輸材料之較佳之化合物(ht1)~(ht38)。
作為視需要而設置之電子阻擋層,可使用4,4',4''-三(N-咔唑基)三苯胺(以下簡稱為TCTA)、9,9-雙[4-(咔唑-9-基)苯基]茀、1,3-雙(咔唑-9-基)苯(以下簡稱為mCP)、2,2-雙(4-咔唑-9-基苯基)金剛烷(以下簡稱為Ad-Cz)等咔唑衍生物、以9-[4-(咔唑-9-基)苯基]-9-[4-(三苯基矽基)苯基]-9H-茀為代表之具有三苯基矽基及三芳基胺結構之化合物等具有電子阻擋作用之化合物。其等可單獨使用一種,或將兩種以上組合而使用。電子阻擋層可為單層構造膜,亦可為積層構造膜。該等材料除了可藉由蒸鍍法來形成薄膜以外,還可藉由旋轉塗佈法或噴墨法等公知之方法來形成薄膜。
於以下列舉可用作電子阻擋材料之較佳之化合物(es1)~(es5)。
發光層係具有如下功能之層,即,自陽極及陰極分別注入之電洞與電子進行再結合而生成激子,並進行發光。發光層可由本發明之發光材料單獨形成,亦可於主體材料中摻雜本發明之發光材料而形成。作為主體材料之例,可列舉:三(8-羥基喹啉)鋁(以下簡稱為A1q3)等羥喹啉衍生物之金屬錯合物、蒽衍生物、雙苯乙烯基苯衍生物、芘衍生物、唑衍生物、聚對苯乙炔衍生物、具有聯吡啶基及鄰三聯苯結構之化合物、mCP、噻唑衍生物、苯并咪唑衍生物、聚二烷基茀衍生物等。發光層中可包含公知之摻雜劑。作為摻雜劑,可列舉喹吖酮、香豆素、紅螢烯、蒽、苝及其等之衍生物、苯并哌喃衍生物、玫瑰紅衍生物、胺基苯乙烯基衍生物等。又,亦可使用Ir(ppy)3等綠色磷光發光體、FIrpic、FIr6等藍色磷光發光體、Btp2Ir(acac)等紅色磷光發光體等磷光性發光體。其等可單獨使用一種,或將兩種以上組合而使用。發光層可為單層構造膜,亦可為積層構造膜。該等材料除了藉由蒸鍍法來形成薄膜以外,還可藉由旋轉塗佈法或噴墨法等公知之方法來形成薄膜。
於使用主體材料之情形時,關於可包含在發光層中之本發明之發光材料之量,其下限較佳為0.1質量%,更佳為1質量%,其上限較佳為50質量%,更佳為20質量%,進而較佳為10質量%。
於以下列舉可用作發光層之主體材料之較佳之化合物(el1)~(el40)。
作為視需要而設置之電洞阻擋層,可列舉具有聯吡啶基及鄰三聯苯結構之化合物、浴銅靈(bathocuproine)(以下簡稱為BCP)等啡啉衍生物、或鋁(III)雙(2-甲基-8-喹啉)-4-苯基酚化物(以下簡稱為BAlq)等羥喹啉衍生物之金屬錯合物、各種稀土類錯合物、唑衍生物、三唑衍生物、三衍生物等具有電洞阻擋作用之化合物。該等材料可兼為電子傳輸層之材料。其等可單獨使用一種,或可將兩種以上組合而使用。電洞阻擋層可為單層構造膜,亦可為積層構造膜。該等材料除了藉由蒸鍍法來形成薄膜以外,還可藉由旋轉塗佈法或噴墨法等公知之方法來形成薄膜。
於以下列舉可用作電洞阻擋材料之較佳之化合物(hs1)~(hs11)。
作為視需要而設置之電子傳輸層,除使用以Alq3、BAlq為代表之羥喹啉衍生物之金屬錯合物以外,還可使用各種金屬錯合物、三唑衍生物、三衍生物、二唑衍生物、噻二唑衍生物、碳二醯亞胺衍生物、喹啉衍生物、啡啉衍生物、噻咯(silole)衍生物等。其等可單獨使用一種,或可將兩種以上組合而使用。電子傳輸層可為單層構造膜,亦可為積層構造膜。該等材料除了藉由蒸鍍法來形成薄膜以外,還可藉由旋轉塗佈法或噴墨法等公知之方法來形成薄膜。
作為視需要而設置之電子注入層,可使用氟化鋰、氟化銫等鹼金屬鹽、氟化鎂等鹼土類金屬鹽、氧化鋁等金屬氧化物等,關於電子傳輸層及陰極之較佳之選擇,可省略。
關於電子注入層或者電子傳輸層,可使用對於該層通常使用之材料進一步N型摻雜了銫等金屬者。
於以下列舉可用作電子傳輸材料之較佳之化合物(et1)~(et30)。
於以下列舉可用作電子注入材料之較佳之化合物(ei1)~(ei4)。
於以下列舉可用作穩定化材料之較佳之化合物(st1)~(st5)。
陰極一般使用功函數較小之材料。作為陰極用材料,例如可使用:鈉、鈉-鉀合金、鋰、錫、鎂、鎂/銅混合物、鎂/鋁混合物、鎂/銦混合物、鋁/氧化鋁混合物、銦、鈣、鋁、銀、鋰/鋁混合物、鎂銀合金、鎂銦合金、鋁鎂合金等。藉由使用透明導電性材料,可獲得透明或半透明之陰極。陰極之厚度一般為10~5000 nm,較佳為50~200 nm。陰極之片電阻較佳為數百Ω/□以上。
再者,若為了保護由低功函數金屬構成之陰極,而在其上進而積層鋁、銀、鎳、鉻、金、鉑等功函數較高且於大氣環境下穩定之金屬層,則會提高元件之穩定性,故較佳。又,為了提高陰極與相鄰之有機層(例如電子傳輸層或電子注入層)之接觸程度,亦可於兩者之間設置陰極界面層。作為用於陰極界面層之材料,可列舉:芳香族二胺化合物、喹吖酮化合物、稠四苯衍生物、有機矽化合物、有機磷化合物、具有N-苯基咔唑骨架之化合物、N-乙烯基咔唑聚合物等。
本發明之發光元件可應用於單一元件、由呈陣列狀配置之構造所構成之元件、陽極及陰極呈X-Y矩陣狀配置之構造中之任一者。
[實施例]
以下,示出本發明之實施形態之效果。
使用本發明之發光材料製作有機光致發光元件及有機電致發光元件,並評價發光特性。
發光特性之評價係使用數字源表(吉時利公司製造:2400系列)、光譜輻射亮度計(柯尼卡美能達公司製造:CS-2000)、分光螢光光度計(日本分光公司製造:FP-8600)、及100 mmΦ積分球(日本分光公司製造:ILF-835)而進行。
(實施例1)
於氮氣環境之手套箱中,分別製備BC2B(於表及圖中有時記為「A」)、BCB(於表及圖中有時記為「B」)、3BCz-BCB(於表及圖中有時記為「C」)、及2BCz-BCB(於表及圖中有時記為「D」)之甲苯溶液。對於該等溶液,分別測定PL光譜及發光量子產率(PLQY)。將其結果示於圖1~6及表1中。
[表1]
表1 | ||||||||||
發射體 | λPL [nm] | λFWHM [nm] | EFWHM [eV] | CIE (x,y) | ΦPL (N2 ) | T1 [ns] /T2 [μs] | kr s [s-1 ] | kISC [s-1 ] | kRISC [s-1 ] | Φp /Φd [%] |
BC2B | 466 | 16 | 0.09 | (0.12,0.11) | 93% | 4.5/50 | 2.0×107 | 8.8×106 | 3.8×104 | 53/40 |
BCB | 489 | 23 | 0.13 | (0.09,0.40) | 98% | 6.0/104 | 2.0×107 | 5.9×106 | 2.2×104 | 70/28 |
3BCz-BCB | 517 | 34 | 0.16 | (0.20,0.72) | 86% | 5.0/17 | 2.5×107 | 6.0×107 | 1.7×105 | 28/58 |
2BCz-BCB | 549 | 42 | 0.17 | (0.40,0.59) | 75% | 5.6/29 | 1.4×107 | 1.6×107 | 1.4×105 | 18/60 |
(實施例2)
於形成有膜厚為50 nm之由銦-錫氧化物(ITO)所構成之陽極之玻璃基板上,藉由真空蒸鍍法(5.0×10-4
Pa以下)依序積層10 nm厚之HAT-CN膜、50 nm厚之TAPC膜、10 nm厚之mCBP膜(參照圖7)。
分別使用表2所示之發光材料、及厚度10 nm且含有2重量%之TADF之mCBP膜作為EML膜(發光層)。將發光材料濃度設定為10.0重量%。
繼而,藉由真空蒸鍍法依序積層10 nm厚之PPF膜、40 nm厚之B3PyPB膜及Liq/A1膜,藉此獲得有機電致發光元件。
測定有機電致發光元件之特性。將發光特性示於圖8~11及表2中。
[表2]
表2 | ||||||||||||
元件 | EML | λEL | λFW HM | EFWHM | Von | Lmax | EQE[%] | CEmax | PEmax | CIE | ||
[nm] | [nm] | [eV] | [V] | [cdm-2 ] | Max | @100 cdm-2 | @1000 cdm-2 | [cdΑ-1 ] | [ImW-1 ] | (x,y) | ||
A | BC2B | 469 | 27 | 0.16 | 4.0 | 2103 | 29.3 | 16.1 | 6.7 | 35.5 | 25.9 | (0.12,0.16) |
B | BCB | 487 | 26 | 0.13 | 4.0 | 2403 | 27.8 | 19.2 | 7.4 | 53.3 | 41.9 | (0.10,0.36) |
C | 3BCz-BCB | 515 | 54 | 0.25 | 3.8 | 13928 | 31.8 | 26.5 | 19.2 | 121.1 | 86.4 | (0.26,0.66) |
D | 2BCz-BCB | 549 | 48 | 0.19 | 3.8 | 23193 | 29.3 | 24.0 | 19.7 | 117.5 | 91.2 | (0.36,0.61) |
(實施例3)
於氮氣環境之手套箱中,製備m-BCz-BCB(於表及圖中有時記為「E」)之甲苯溶液。對於該溶液,分別測定PL光譜及發光量子產率(PLQY)。將其結果示於圖11~14及表3中。
[表3]
(實施例4)
使用表4所示之發光材料作為EML膜(發光層),除此以外,以與實施例2相同之方式獲得有機電致發光元件。測定有機電致發光元件之特性,將發光特性示於圖15~18及表4中。
發射體 | λPL [nm] | λFWHM [nm] | EFWHM [eV] | CIE (x,y) | ΦPL [%] (N2 ) | τ1 [ns] /τ2 [μs] | kr s [s-1 ] | kRISC [s-1 ] | Φp /Φd [%] | ΦISC /ΦRISC [%] |
m-BCz-BCB | 524 | 43 | 0.20 | (0.22,0.71) | 98 | 6.7/19 | 5.1×107 | 2.0×105 | 30/68 | 70/99 |
[表4]
元件 | EML | λEL [nm] | λFWHM [nm] | EFWHM [eV] | Von [V] | Lmax [cdm-2 ] | EQE[%] Max/ @100 cdm-2 / @1000 cdm-2 | CEmax [cdΑ-1 ] | PEmax [ImW-1 ] | CIE (x,y) |
E | m-BCz-BCB | 522 | 40 | 0.18 | 4.0 | 7000 | 26.1/22.3/14.8 | 99.2 | 70.9 | (0.22,0.70) |
如上所述,相較於由BC2B或BCB所構成之發光材料,由作為式(I)所表示之化合物之2BCz-BCB、3BCz-BCB或m-BCz-BCB所構成之發光材料可獲得較高之發光特性。
無
[圖1]係表示實施例1中所製造之甲苯溶液之PL光譜之圖。
[圖2]係表示實施例1中所製造之甲苯溶液之吸收、發光光譜之圖。
[圖3]係表示實施例1中所製造之甲苯溶液之吸收、發光光譜之圖。
[圖4]係表示實施例1中所製造之甲苯溶液之吸收、發光光譜之圖。
[圖5]係表示實施例1中所製造之甲苯溶液之吸收、發光光譜之圖。
[圖6]係表示實施例1中所製造之甲苯溶液之暫態PL強度之圖。
[圖7]係表示實施例2中所製造之有機電致發光元件之能量圖之圖。
[圖8]係表示實施例2中所製造之有機電致發光元件之朗伯分佈之圖。
[圖9]係表示實施例2中所製造之有機電致發光元件之電流密度-外部量子效率特性之圖。
[圖10]係表示實施例2中所製造之有機電致發光元件之電壓-電流密度特性之圖。
[圖11]係表示實施例2中所製造之有機電致發光元件之PL光譜之圖。
[圖12]係表示實施例3中所製造之甲苯溶液之PL光譜之圖。
[圖13]係表示實施例3中所製造之甲苯溶液之吸收、發光光譜之圖。
[圖14]係表示實施例3中所製造之甲苯溶液之暫態PL強度之圖。
[圖15]係表示實施例4中所製造之有機電致發光元件之朗伯分佈之圖。
[圖16]係表示實施例4中所製造之有機電致發光元件之電流密度-外部量子效率特性之圖。
[圖17]係表示實施例4中所製造之有機電致發光元件之電壓-電流密度特性之圖。
[圖18]係表示實施例4中所製造之有機電致發光元件之PL光譜之圖。
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