TWI810246B - 高存活性微生物乾燥菌體之製造方法 - Google Patents
高存活性微生物乾燥菌體之製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI810246B TWI810246B TW108106250A TW108106250A TWI810246B TW I810246 B TWI810246 B TW I810246B TW 108106250 A TW108106250 A TW 108106250A TW 108106250 A TW108106250 A TW 108106250A TW I810246 B TWI810246 B TW I810246B
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- treatment
- microbial cells
- variable
- dried microbial
- variable temperature
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- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/04—Preserving or maintaining viable microorganisms
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/205—Bacterial isolates
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- C12N2523/00—Culture process characterised by temperature
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- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/225—Lactobacillus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
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Abstract
本發明係提供藉由高存活性微生物乾燥菌體之製造方法減少菌體的損傷或滅亡之新技術,該高存活性微生物乾燥菌體之製造方法之特徵為對微生物乾燥菌體施以變溫處理。
Description
本發明係關於保存後之存活性較高的微生物乾燥菌體之製造方法。
在微生物中,存在許多具有有用的酵素活性者,已廣泛利用於製造糖質、胺基酸、磷脂質等機能性食品素材。
特定而言,在微生物之中,乳酸菌自以往以來已廣泛利用於製造優酪乳或乳酪等乳製品,此外,近年來,正在進行使用使乳酸菌乾燥而得之物之食品或飲料等的開發。然後,為了獲得乳酸菌的效果,期望利用活著的菌體,但在獲得乾燥菌體之步驟中,許多菌體會損傷、滅亡,難以獲得必要量的生菌體。
迄今為止,作為減少菌體的損傷或滅亡之技術,已知例如調整使菌體乾燥時所使用之分散介質之技術等(專利文獻1、2,非專利文獻1)。
然而,作為減少菌體的損傷或滅亡之技術,僅知直至使菌體乾燥為止所施行者。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1] 日本專利第3504365號
[專利文獻2] 日本專利特開2010-4787號公報
[非專利文獻]
[非專利文獻1] G.L. DE ANTONI et al., "Trehalose, a Cryoprotectant for Lactobacillus bulgaricus", Cryobiology 26, p.149-153, 1989.
[發明所欲解決之課題]
從而,本發明之課題為提供減少菌體的損傷或滅亡之新技術。
[解決課題之手段]
本發明者等人為了解決上述課題而致力研究之結果,發現通常熱壓力會成為使微生物的存活性降低之要因,藉由在獲得乾燥菌體後施以相當於熱壓力之變溫處理,保存後之存活性意外地提升,遂完成本發明。
即,本發明為高存活性微生物乾燥菌體之製造方法,其特徵為對微生物乾燥菌體施以變溫處理。
此外,本發明為微生物乾燥菌體之存活性改善方法,其特徵為對微生物乾燥菌體施以變溫處理。
[發明效果]
根據本發明,可藉由變溫處理之簡單的方法,提升一旦製造出之微生物乾燥菌體的保存後之存活性。
本發明之高存活性微生物乾燥菌體之製造方法(以下,稱為「本發明製造方法」)係對微生物乾燥菌體施以變溫處理。
本發明製造方法中所使用之微生物乾燥菌體並無特別限定,可列舉例如使乳酸菌等微生物乾燥而得之菌體。作為乳酸菌,可列舉例如乾酪乳桿菌(Lactobacillus casei)、加氏乳桿菌(Lactobacillus gasseri)、嗜酸乳桿菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)、乳脂乳桿菌(Lactobacillus cremoris)、瑞士乳桿菌(Lactobacillus helveticus)、唾液乳桿菌(Lactobacillus salivarius)、發酵乳桿菌(Lactobacillus fermentum)、日本乳桿菌(Lactobacillus yoghurti)、德氏乳桿菌保加利亞亞種(Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus)、德氏乳桿菌德氏亞種(Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii)、約氏乳桿菌(Lactobacillus johnsonii)、馬里乳桿菌(Lactobacillus mali)等乳桿菌屬細菌,雙叉雙歧桿菌(Bifidobacterium bifidum)、短雙歧桿菌(Bifidobacterium breve)、長雙歧桿菌(Bifidobacterium longum)等雙歧桿菌屬細菌,嗜熱鏈球菌(Streptococcus thermophilus)、乳酸鏈球菌(Streptococcus lactis)等鏈球菌屬細菌,乳酸乳球菌乳酸亞種(Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis)、乳酸乳球菌乳脂亞種(Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris)、植物乳球菌(Lactococcus plantarum)、棉子糖乳球菌(Lactococcus raffinolactis)等乳球菌屬細菌,糞腸球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)、屎腸球菌(Enterococcus faecium)等腸球菌屬細菌。此等乳酸菌可為1種或組合2種以上。在此等微生物之中,較佳為乳酸菌。在此等乳酸菌之中,較佳為乳桿菌屬的乳酸菌,更佳為乾酪乳桿菌,特佳為乾酪乳桿菌YIT 9029(FERM BP-1366,受託日:昭和56年5月1日,獨立行政法人製品評估技術基礎機構專利生物寄存中心(〒292-0818日本千葉縣木更津市上總鎌足2-5-8 120號室))。
使上述微生物乾燥,獲得乾燥菌體之方法並無特別限定,只要採用熟習該項技術者所週知的噴霧乾燥、凍結乾燥等即可。作為具體的方法,可列舉例如日本專利第3504365號、日本專利特開2010-4787號公報、G.L. DE ANTONI et al., "Trehalose, a Cryoprotectant for Lactobacillus bulgaricus", Cryobiology 26, p.149-153, 1989.、國際公開WO2017/073752號等中所記載之方法等。在此等方法之中,較佳為國際公開WO2017/073752號中所記載之方法。
更具體而言,國際公開WO2017/073752號中所記載之方法係以下列方式施行。
首先,依照常法培養微生物,接著,依照常法進行集菌。另外,在微生物的培養或集菌之期間或前後,亦可視需要進行洗淨。
將此經集菌而得之微生物菌體加至包含保護劑、抗氧化劑及螯合劑之水溶液,較佳為由保護劑、抗氧化劑及螯合劑所組成之水溶液的分散介質(以下,亦將其僅稱為「分散介質」)中並使其懸浮,將此懸浮液進行乾燥,即可獲得微生物乾燥菌體。
上述分散介質中所使用之水並無特別限定,可使用例如精製水、去離子水等能夠飲用之水。
上述分散介質中所使用之保護劑並無特別限定,可列舉例如麩胺酸鈉、麩胺酸鉀等麩胺酸或其鹽、海藻糖、蔗糖、乳糖、麥芽糖等雙醣類、甘油、麥芽糊精、環糊精、脫脂奶粉等。在此等保護劑之中,較佳係使用麩胺酸或其鹽及/或雙醣類,更佳為麩胺酸鈉及/或海藻糖。上述分散介質中之保護劑的含量並無特別限定,例如,較佳為1~40質量%,更佳為5~30質量%。
此外,上述分散介質中所使用之抗氧化劑並無特別限定,可使用例如抗壞血酸鈉、抗壞血酸鈣等抗壞血酸或其鹽、維生素E、兒茶素、麩胱甘肽、蝦青素等,在此等抗氧化劑之中,較佳為抗壞血酸鈉。上述分散介質中之抗氧化劑的含量並無特別限定,例如,較佳為0.01~10質量%,更佳為0.05~5質量%。
再者,上述分散介質中所使用之螯合劑並無特別限定,可使用例如乙二胺四醋酸(EDTA)、檸檬酸鈉等檸檬酸或其鹽、植酸等。上述分散介質中之螯合劑的含量並無特別限定,例如,較佳為0.1~10質量%,更佳為0.5~5質量%。
作為上述分散介質之較佳態樣,可列舉含有麩胺酸鈉、海藻糖、抗壞血酸鈉及檸檬酸鈉之水溶液。
使微生物菌體懸浮於上述分散介質中之量並無特別限定,例如,就懸浮液中之微生物菌體數而言,為1.0×105
~4.0×1014
cfu/mL左右,更佳為1.0×107
~4.0×1013
cfu/mL左右。
使上述懸浮液乾燥之方法並無特別限定,可利用例如凍結乾燥、噴霧乾燥等公知的乾燥方法,為了提高在乾燥步驟中之微生物的存活率,較佳為凍結乾燥。作為凍結乾燥法中之乾燥條件,可列舉例如於-35℃~-45℃施行6~12小時的凍結處理後,於12℃~32℃施行40~90小時的乾燥處理之條件。
以上述方式所獲得之微生物乾燥菌體係接著施行變溫處理。另外,在變溫處理之前,此微生物乾燥菌體亦可例如預先將微生物乾燥菌體以研磨機進行粉碎,在通常的大氣組成下未施行脫氣,每0.2g填充至由羥丙基甲基纖維素等所形成之膠囊中,與脫氧劑共同地裝入至由鋁等所形成之袋等中,以該狀態施行變溫處理。
變溫處理通常係施加微生物乾燥菌體會受到保存之與室溫不同的溫度負荷達一定時間以上。具體而言,施以1或2種以上選自下列(a)及(b)所組成之群組之處理:
(a)加溫至30℃以上達1日以上之處理;
(b)冷卻至10℃以下達1日以上之處理。
此等(a)及(b)的處理可單獨施以各處理,或組合施以各處理,或反覆施以各處理。
作為上述(a)的處理之較佳例,可列舉以下者。
(a1)加溫至30℃以上,較佳為35~37℃達1日以上,較佳為2日之處理
(a2)加溫至30℃以上,較佳為35~37℃達1日以上,較佳為1日之處理
作為上述(b)的處理之較佳例,可列舉以下者。
(b1)冷卻至10℃以下,較佳為2~10℃達1日以上,較佳為1日之處理
作為變溫處理之較佳者,係例如施以上述(a),或施以上述(b)之後再施以(a),作為更佳者,係施以上述(a1),或施以上述(b1)之後再施以(a1),或施以上述(a2),作為特佳者,係施以上述(a1)。
此種變溫處理,在加溫之情況,可利用乾燥機或高壓釜等能夠進行加溫之裝置來施行,在冷卻之情況,可利用冷藏庫或冷凍庫等能夠進行冷卻之裝置來施行。另外,在此等變溫處理時,壓力等並無特別限定。
如此所獲得之微生物乾燥菌體在保存6個月後之情況,變得具有未對微生物乾燥菌體施以變溫處理之情況之110%以上的存活性,在保存12個月後之情況,變得具有未對微生物乾燥菌體施以變溫處理之情況之120%以上的存活性,較佳係變得具有130~140%的存活性。
此高存活性微生物乾燥菌體可用於與以往的微生物乾燥菌體同樣的用途。具體而言,可依原樣,或藉由與通常食品中所添加之其他食品素材進行混合,而利用於食品或飲料中。作為食品,可列舉例如火腿、香腸等食用肉加工食品、魚板、竹輪等水產加工食品、麵包、糕點、奶油、優酪乳或發酵乳等。此外,作為飲料,可列舉例如清涼飲料、乳製品乳酸菌飲料、乳酸菌飲料等。再者,作為飲食品的形態,可列舉通常所使用之飲食品的形態,例如粉末、顆粒等固體狀、糊狀、液狀等。又再者,微生物乾燥菌體亦可進行例如錠劑、散劑、口嚼劑、硬膠囊劑、軟膠囊劑、丸劑等的製劑化。
[實施例]
以下,列舉實施例來詳細地說明本發明,但本發明不受此等實施例任何限定。另外,在以下實施例中,乾酪乳桿菌的生菌數係藉由下列方法予以測定。
<乾酪乳桿菌生菌數之測定法>
將乾酪乳桿菌乾燥菌體以生理食鹽水(0.85質量%氯化鈉)進行階段稀釋。將稀釋液1mL以BCP加Plate Count瓊脂培養基進行混合稀釋,於37℃培養72小時後,對所產生之菌落進行計測,乘以稀釋率,作為乾酪乳桿菌生菌數。
(實施例1)
乾酪乳桿菌乾燥菌體的調製及變溫處理:
將乾酪乳桿菌YIT 9029以包含酵母萃取物1質量%、磷酸一鉀0.1質量%、磷酸二鉀0.2質量%、乳糖2質量%之培養基(pH 7)於37℃厭氣培養20小時。培養終了後,進行冷卻直至液溫成為20℃以下,以5當量的氫氧化鈉溶液將pH調整成7.0。將對此培養液進行離心分離(14000G,4℃,30分鐘)所獲得之菌體加以回收,並將菌體以成為2.0×1011
cfu/mL之方式懸浮於以成為麩胺酸鈉10質量%、海藻糖10質量%、抗壞血酸鈉1質量%、檸檬酸鈉1質量%之組成以總量成為1000mL之方式進行調製而得之分散介質中。將此菌體懸浮液分注於托盤中,藉由凍結乾燥法調製乾燥菌體。另外,凍結乾燥係使用凍結乾燥機(TAKARA FREEZE-DRYER TF20-80TANNS:Takara ATM(股)製),以於棚溫-40℃中9小時,然後於20℃中80小時之條件施行。將所獲得之乾燥菌體以研磨機進行粉碎,在通常的大氣組成下未施行脫氣,每0.2g填充至膠囊(羥丙基甲基纖維素製)中,與脫氧劑(三菱氣體化學(股)製)共同地裝入鋁袋中。
將上述所獲得之緊接於製造後之鋁袋於35℃加溫2日後,於22℃保存6個月(實施方法1)。此外,將上述所獲得之緊接於製造後之鋁袋於2℃冷卻1日,再者,於35℃加溫2日後,於22℃保存6個月(實施方法2)。再者,將上述所獲得之緊接於製造後之鋁袋於37℃加溫1日後,於22℃保存6個月(實施方法3)。另外,以將上述所獲得之鋁袋於22℃保存6個月者作為比較。將對保存前後之生菌數進行測定之結果示於表1。此外,由此等生菌數使用以下式算出存活率,再者,使用以下式算出各實施方法相對於比較方法(無變溫處理)而言提升多少存活性。該等結果亦示於表1。
[數1]
存活率(%)=(保存後之生菌數/保存前之生菌數)×100
[數2]
存活性的提升率(%)=(實施方法的存活率/比較方法的存活率)×100
由此結果,得知實施方法的保存6個月後之存活率為25%以上,實施方法具有未施以變溫處理之情況(比較方法)之至少110%以上的存活性。
(實施例2)
乾酪乳桿菌乾燥菌體的長期保存:
將實施例1中所獲得之保存6個月後之乾燥菌體於22℃再保存6個月,將以與實施例1同樣的方法對保存前後之生菌數進行測定之結果示於表2。此外,以與實施例1同樣的方法算出存活率及存活性的提升率。該等結果亦示於表2。
由此結果,得知實施方法的保存12個月後之存活率為21%以上,實施方法具有未施以變溫處理之情況(比較方法)之至少130%以上的存活性。
[產業上之可利用性]
本發明可利用於製造微生物之乾燥菌體。
Claims (4)
- 一種高存活性微生物乾燥菌體之製造方法,其特徵為對乳桿菌屬的乳酸菌之微生物乾燥菌體施以變溫處理(a),且不施以該變溫處理(a)以外的變溫處理:變溫處理(a):加溫至30℃~37℃達1~2日之處理。
- 一種高存活性微生物乾燥菌體之製造方法,其特徵為對乳桿菌屬的乳酸菌之微生物乾燥菌體施以變溫處理(a),其中,在施以該變溫處理(a)之前,施以變溫處理(b),且不施以該變溫處理(a)及該變溫處理(b)以外的變溫處理:變溫處理(a):加溫至30℃~37℃達1~2日之處理;變溫處理(b):冷卻至2~10℃達1日之處理。
- 一種微生物乾燥菌體之存活性改善方法,其特徵為對乳桿菌屬的乳酸菌之微生物乾燥菌體施以變溫處理(a),且不施以該變溫處理(a)以外的變溫處理:變溫處理(a):加溫至30℃~37℃達1~2日之處理。
- 一種微生物乾燥菌體之存活性改善方法,其特徵為對乳桿菌屬的乳酸菌之微生物乾燥菌體施以變溫處理(a),其中,在施以該變溫處理(a)之前,施以變溫處理(b),且不施以該變溫處理(a)及該變溫處理(b)以外的變溫處理:變溫處理(a):加溫至30℃~37℃達1~2日之處理; 變溫處理(b):冷卻至2~10℃達1日之處理。
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JP2012055288A (ja) * | 2010-09-13 | 2012-03-22 | Kaneka Corp | 安定化された生菌製剤およびその製造方法。 |
JP2016105705A (ja) * | 2009-04-30 | 2016-06-16 | イントレクソン・アクトバイオテイクス・エヌブイIntrexon Actobiotics NV | 乳酸菌のフリーズドライのための凍結保護剤 |
WO2017073752A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-04 | 株式会社ヤクルト本社 | 微生物乾燥菌体の製造方法 |
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JP2012055288A (ja) * | 2010-09-13 | 2012-03-22 | Kaneka Corp | 安定化された生菌製剤およびその製造方法。 |
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WO2019193841A1 (ja) | 2019-10-10 |
ZA202006116B (en) | 2021-10-27 |
TW201947034A (zh) | 2019-12-16 |
CN111954711A (zh) | 2020-11-17 |
US20210024878A1 (en) | 2021-01-28 |
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