TWI733790B - 模組托板及多層支撐結構 - Google Patents

模組托板及多層支撐結構 Download PDF

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TWI733790B
TWI733790B TW106111370A TW106111370A TWI733790B TW I733790 B TWI733790 B TW I733790B TW 106111370 A TW106111370 A TW 106111370A TW 106111370 A TW106111370 A TW 106111370A TW I733790 B TWI733790 B TW I733790B
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Taiwan
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module
top surface
hollow
pallets
side wall
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TW106111370A
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TW201741204A (zh
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兒慶 林
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兒慶 林
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
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    • B65D19/0006—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element
    • B65D19/003—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces
    • B65D19/0042—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces the base surface being made of more than one element
    • B65D19/0046—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces
    • B65D19/0051—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces and each contact surface having a discrete foot-like shape
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/12—Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pallets (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)

Abstract

一種使用於支撐及運送貨物的模組托板。一種多層支撐結構包括由多根支撐柱分開的至少兩層的該等模組托板，用於被設置在地面下方，以支撐在其上方的一硬的景觀/軟的景觀，及同時允許樹根生長、排水及設備的儲存。

Description

模組托板及多層支撐結構
本案發明是有關一種用於支撐及運送貨物的模組托板。更特別的是，本案發明是有關一種多層支撐結構，其包括有由支撐柱分開的多層的該等模組托板。該多層支撐結構是被設置在地面下方，用於支撐在其上方的一硬的景觀/軟的景觀，及同時允許樹根生長、排水，及/或在該結構中的設備(例如是管線及配線)的儲存。
一托板是一種被使用於貨物的支撐及運送的結構。典型地，托板是由木頭做成的，其是相當笨重的及易於磨損及撕裂的。因此，該等被損壞的托板之經常的維修及更換是必須的。此外，木質的托板影響森林砍伐，且較不適合回收利用。再者，此些托板不能被連結在一起形成一用於支撐較大型的或是更多的貨物之較大的單元。有鑑於此，存在有對一重量輕的、耐用的、及可連接的托板的需求。
在景觀美化及園藝活動中，硬景觀(例如是人行道、露台、巷道、停車場等等)及軟景觀(例如是樹、花、及其他的植栽)是常被使用來使環境更美觀及健康活潑。為了將該硬景觀/軟景觀保持定位及減輕由於不佳土壤結構對它們的損害，一強固的支撐結構可被設置在該硬的景觀/軟的景觀被安裝在其上方的該地面的下方。該支撐結構亦可包括一有助於收 集、處理及/或排除在該地面下方之水的水控制/處理系統。典型地，此等支撐結構在實施上可是大型的、複雜的、及成本高的。有鑑於此，存在有對一成本較低的、容易製造及實施之可縮放的支撐結構的需求。
藉由提供一種使用於支撐及運送貨物的模組托板，及一種藉由用於被設置在地面下方以支撐一硬的景觀/軟的景觀的該等模組托板被形成之可縮放的多層支撐結構，上述及其他的問題被解決了，且在相關技術中的進步被達成了。
本案發明的一第一優點是，由於其功能性的設計及被使用的材料，該模組托板是強固的、重量輕的、耐用的、低成本、環境友善的、及容易製造。本案發明的一第二優點是，多件該等模組托板可容易地被耦合在一起，以形成一個托板矩陣，用於使用在支撐較大的或是較多的貨物上，或者是，以形成一個三維的多層支撐結構，用於被設置在地面下方，以支撐一硬的景觀/軟的景觀。本案發明的一第三優點是，該多層支撐結構是可縮放成任何想要的尺寸，及可以最小的力氣輕鬆拆解。本案發明的一第四優點是，該多層支撐結構具有相當大的孔洞空間，其能讓樹根(特別是深的根部)自由地生長在該結構中，並遠離在上方的/相鄰的硬景觀，藉此最小化介於該等樹根及該等硬景觀(例如是混凝土人行道)之間的衝突。本案發明的一第五優點是，該多層支撐結構能讓流體流通於該等層的托板之間，且因此保持樹根有足夠的水分，及同時協助排除在該結構中多餘的水。本案發明的一第六優點是，在該多層支撐結構中之該等相當大的孔洞空間可作用為用於在地面下方的設備(例如是管線及纜線)的儲存。本案發明的一第 七優點是，介於該等層的托板之間的該等相當大的孔洞空間可被填充有植栽介質，以形成在該多層支撐結構中之不同的功能或養分區域，以便能增進該軟景觀的生長。在此申請案中，該等用詞“根”及“樹根”可被互換使用來意指將受益於該被說明過的發明之任何針對樹、植物或是其他的植栽的根。
根據本案發明的諸實施例，一種模組托板被提供。該模組托板包括一用於支撐負載的頂部表面；一被配置在該頂部表面下方及平行於該頂部表面的底部表面；一從該頂部表面的一外圍邊緣延伸至該底部表面的一外圍邊緣的側壁，藉由該頂部表面、該底部表面及該側壁界定出一主體；多根和該側壁的一內側形成一體及從該頂部表面朝下地延伸之中空的支腳；及多個與該側壁的一外側形成一體的互鎖機構，用於將二或多塊模組托板耦合在一起，以側向地形成一個托板矩陣。該主體被分割成多個支撐區段，以各支撐區段包括從該頂部表面垂直地延伸至該底部表面之一網絡的加強肋，從該頂部表面至該底部表面形成具有孔洞空間之一蜂窩狀的結構。較靠近於該側壁之該網絡的加強肋被配置成比遠離該側壁之該網絡的加強肋更緊密，以提高該模組托板的剛性。各該等中空的支腳包括一個和該頂部表面對齊的頂部開口及一個較遠離該底部表面的底部開口，如此使得一空隙被產生介於該底部表面及該等中空的支腳的該等底部開口之間，其應至少允許一堆高機的該等叉臂能無阻礙地叉入該空隙。各該等中空的支腳包括一沿著該頂部開口的一外圍邊緣的頂部溝槽及一沿著鄰近該底部表面的該中空的支腳一周邊的底部溝槽。
根據本案發明的諸實施例，一種用於設置在一地面下方以支 撐在其上方的一硬的景觀/軟的景觀之多層支撐結構被提供。該多層支撐結構包括多件(如先前該被說明過的)該等模組托板，其等被配置以形成至少兩層托板，以各層包括一或多塊被該等互鎖機構側向地耦合的模組托板，其中，該模組托板的該蜂窩狀的結構使樹根、流體及/或植栽介質能從該頂部表面穿過至該底部表面；多根支撐柱，其等被設置在該等至少兩層托板之間，其中，各該等支撐柱為一細長中空的結構，具有二個開口端部，該等開口端部被調設成可鬆解開地和一中空的支腳的該頂部溝槽及另一中空的支腳的該底部溝槽嚙結，其中，該等支撐柱及該等中空的支腳應至少能讓流體通過；及多個孔洞空間，其等被產生介於被該等支撐柱分隔開的該等至少兩層托板之間，其中，該等孔洞空間允許該多層支撐結構內的樹根生長、排水及/或設備的儲存。
根據本案發明的諸實施例，該等加強肋是以任何介於0°及360°之間的適當角度彼此相交。在其他的實施例中，該等加強肋是彼此相交的，且是被配置成相對該側壁呈垂直、平行及斜對角。
根據本案發明的諸實施例，該等多個支撐區段包括四個相同大小尺寸的支撐區段。
根據本案發明的諸實施例，該主體被形成一具有四個角落之正方形的形狀。該等多根中空的支腳包括四根被設置在該主體的該等四個角落之中空的支腳。
根據本案發明的諸實施例，各該等中空的支腳被形成一圓筒形的形狀。各該等支撐柱被形成一圓筒形的形狀。
100‧‧‧模組托板
102‧‧‧頂部表面
104‧‧‧底部表面
106‧‧‧側壁
108‧‧‧支撐區段
110‧‧‧加強肋
112‧‧‧孔洞空間
118‧‧‧支腳
120‧‧‧頂部開口
122‧‧‧底部開口
124‧‧‧空隙
126‧‧‧頂部溝槽
128‧‧‧底部溝槽
130‧‧‧錐形化的端部分
134‧‧‧互鎖機構
136‧‧‧公凸片部分
138‧‧‧匹配的母凹陷部分
200‧‧‧支撐柱
202‧‧‧開口端部
204‧‧‧開口端部
300‧‧‧多層支撐結構
302‧‧‧延長的細長中空的結構
304‧‧‧開口
306‧‧‧開口
308‧‧‧孔洞空間
本案發明之以上及其他的特徵及優點被說明在參考以下諸圖式的較佳實施例之以下詳細的說明中：圖1為根據本案發明的一實施例之一模組托板的一直接的俯視圖；圖2為如被圖示說明在圖1中之該模組托板的一俯視立體圖；圖3為圖1的該模組托板的一直接的仰視圖；圖4為如被圖示說明在圖3中之該模組托板的一仰視立體圖；圖5為根據本案發明的一實施例之一模組托板的一側視圖；圖6圖示說明圖1的一模組托板被一堆高機抬起；圖7圖示說明將被根據本案發明的一實施例的該等互鎖機構側向地耦合在一起的二塊模組托板；圖8為被側向地耦合在一起以形成根據本案發明的一實施例之一個托板矩陣的四塊模組托板的一俯視圖；圖9圖示說明二塊模組托板將和多根支撐柱嚙結，以形成根據本案發明的一實施例之一兩層的支撐結構；圖10圖示說明三塊模組托板將和多根支撐柱嚙結，以形成根據本案發明的一實施例之一三層的支撐結構；圖11為根據本案發明的一實施例之一多層支撐結構的一立體視圖；圖12為根據本案發明的一實施例之一被設置在一樹木下方之多層支撐結構的一側視圖。
本案發明的一第一方面是有關一種使用於支撐及運送貨物的模組托板。此模組托板是可被一堆高機從一個地方運送至另一個地方。 本案發明的一第二方面是有關一種可縮放的多層支撐結構，其包括多層的該等模組托板，用於支撐在其上方的一硬的景觀/軟的景觀，及同時允許在該結構中之樹根生長、排水及/或設備(例如是管線及纜線)的儲存。
圖1及2圖示說明根據本案發明的一實施例之一模組托板100的一直接的俯視圖及一俯視立體圖。圖3及4圖示說明模組托板100的一直接的仰視圖及一仰視立體圖。圖5圖示說明模組托板100的一側視圖。模組托板100為一單件成型之由聚丙烯(或是其他適當的材料)所做成的結構，其是堅固的、耐用的、重量輕的、低成本的、防水的及能夠支撐沉重負載的。模組托板100是容易以一單件模具製造的，且是能經受長時間暴露於溼氣，及被粗糙處理時顯示小的磨損及撕裂。二或多塊模組托板100是可彼此嵌套的，且因此在儲存或裝運期間佔據一最小的空間。
模組托板100包括一頂部表面102、一底部表面104、及一從頂部表面102的外圍邊緣延伸至底部表面104的外圍邊緣的側壁106。一主體因此藉由頂部表面102、底部表面104及側壁106被界定出。頂部表面102應是相當平的(平坦的)，以使貨物可穩定地停置在其上面，即使是在模組托板100藉由一堆高機的運送期間。底部表面104亦是相當平的(平坦的)，基本上是平行於頂部表面102，且不應阻礙一堆高機的該等叉臂進入在底部表面104下方的空隙。模組托板100的該主體可為(例如是長方形的、正方形的、多邊形的等等)之任何適當的形狀及大小尺寸。例如，該主體可為(如被圖示說明在圖1及3中從頂端或底部觀看的)一正方形的形狀，具有約0.55x0.55x0.04m(長度x寬度x高度)的尺寸，亦即頂部表面102及底部表面104為一約0.55x0.55m的正方形，及側壁106具有一約0.04m的高度。
模組托板100的該主體被分割成多個支撐區段108，其等可為任何適當的大小尺寸及形狀。例如，如同被顯示在圖1至4中的，該主體被分割成四個相同大小尺寸的支撐區段108，且各支撐區段108可具有約0.27x0.27x0.04m(長度x寬度x高度)的尺寸。各該等支撐區段108包括從頂部表面102垂直地延伸至底部表面104之一網絡的加強肋110，形成橫跨頂部表面102及底部表面104具有被產生於其中的孔洞空間112之(如被圖示說明在圖1及3中從頂端或底部觀看的)一蜂窩狀的結構或是網格圖案。此些孔洞空間112可為相同的或是不同的大小尺寸。該蜂窩狀的結構提供用於模組托板100的結構強度及剛性，並協助分佈該貨物的重量橫跨頂部表面102。加強肋110被配置成以任何介於0°及360°之間的適當角度彼此相交，例如是(從頂端或底部觀看的)45°、90°及180°。例如，該等相交的加強肋110可相對側壁106呈垂直、平行及/或斜對角。該網絡的加強肋110可橫跨支撐區段108為不同的緊密度，且因此該主體可為不同的緊密度。例如，如同被顯示在圖1至4中的，較靠近於側壁106之該網絡的加強肋110是較其他的區域緊密的(較靠近彼此的)，以便能提高模組托板100的剛性。
模組托板100包括多根支腳118，其等一體式地被形成在側壁106的一內側，且被連接至某些該等加強肋110。該等多根支腳118是從頂部表面102朝下地延伸，且彼此適當地分隔開，以使模組托板100可緊固地及穩定地停置在一表面上。例如，如同被顯示在圖1至4中的，模組托板100可具有四根被設置在一正方形的主體的四個角落的支腳118。諸支腳118可被形成(例如是圓筒形的、長方形的、三角形的)任何適當的形狀及大小尺寸。例如，如同藉由在該等圖式中的該實施例被顯示的，支腳118為 圓筒形的，具有一約0.095m的直徑及一約0.13m的高度。較佳地，支腳118是一中空的結構，包括有能讓流體通過該支腳的一頂部開口120及一底部開口122。頂部開口120是和該頂部表面102對齊，以使它們是彼此一致的。底部開口122是較遠離底部表面104，如此使得一空隙124能被產生介於底部表面104及底部開口122之間。空隙124應至少允許一堆高機的該等叉臂能無阻礙叉入它。例如，空隙124的該高度可為約0.09m。圖6顯示一模組托板100正被一堆高機抬起。
各該等支腳118包括一沿著頂部開口120的外圍邊緣的頂部溝槽126(見圖2)及一沿著鄰近底部表面104的該支腳118的該周邊的底部溝槽128(見圖4)。溝槽126、128實際上是深的狹窄通道或是開槽，被配置成和對應的結構嚙結，該等對應的結構是可被完美地及緊固地套合入此些溝槽中。例如，溝槽126、128可具有一約0.0035m的寬度。該對應的結構可為一支撐柱200，其可被套合入溝槽126、128，以形成一延長的支腳(見圖9及10)。各該等支腳118具有一鄰近底部開口122之錐形化的端部分130，其有助於引導對應的結構來套合入底部溝槽128。
模組托板100進一步包括多個互鎖機構134，其等是被一體式地形成在側壁106的一外側。此些互鎖機構134有助於將二或多塊模組托板100耦合在一起，以側向地形成一個托板矩陣。如同在圖1至4中被顯示的，互鎖機構134可為一開槽型的鎖定機構，其包括有用於彼此互相鎖定的一公凸片部分136及一匹配的母凹陷部分138(不需使用一分別的固緊件)。其他的鎖定機構亦可被使用，只要它們能將二塊模組托板100緊固地耦合在一起。圖7顯示處出二塊模組托板100可藉由互鎖機構134在側壁 106的一側被耦合在一起。圖8顯示四塊模組托板100藉由互鎖機構134被側向地耦合在一起，以形成一個托板矩陣。
在本案發明中，多塊模組托板100可被耦合在一起，以形成一個三維的多層支撐結構300，該多層支撐結構300包括至少兩層模組托板100，且各層包括有一或多塊藉由互鎖機構134被耦合在一起的模組托板100(如果使用一塊模組托板100則沒有耦合)。因此，多層支撐結構300在設計上是模組式的，此可有形成不同的大小尺寸的彈性(亦即可縮放成一想要的大小尺寸)，以配合複雜的城市環境景觀。例如，多層支撐結構300可被配置成如同被顯示在圖9至12中的不同形式。多層支撐結構300是被設置在地面下方，用於支撐在其上方的一硬的景觀/軟的景觀，例如是被安裝在一樹木下方，如同被顯示在圖12中的。在多層支撐結構300中，模組托板100的該主體之該蜂窩狀的結構應能讓樹根、流體(例如是雨水)、及/或植栽介質從頂部表面120通過至底部表面122。因此，樹根可從一上層自由地生長至一下層，且亦可延伸通過該結構及觸及在該結構外的泥土，因此增加可被根部接觸到的泥土量。類似地，水可從該結構的一上層流至一下層，藉此避免在該結構中的乾燥區域，及防止水的停滯。
多層支撐結構300進一步包括多根被設置在二鄰接層的模組托板100之間的支撐柱200，其等是可鬆解開地和模組托板100的支腳118嚙結。因此，一般而言，支撐柱200的數量是和支腳118的數量相關聯的。就具有四根支腳118之模組托板100的一範例而言，四根支撐柱200可被連接介於二塊模組托板100之間(見圖9)，及八根支撐柱200可被連接介於三塊模組托板100之間(見圖10)。支撐柱200可為(例如是圓筒形的、長方形 的、三角形的)任何適當的形狀及大小尺寸。較佳地，支撐柱200為(近似於支腳118)之一細長中空的結構，具有二個開口端部202及204，用於分別地和溝槽126及128嚙結。當和底部溝槽128嚙結時，支腳118的該錐形化的端部分130有助於引導支撐柱200來套合入底部溝槽128。如此，當中空的支撐柱200是和中空的支腳118嚙結時，一延長的細長中空的結構可被形成。此延長的細長中空的結構應至少能讓流體(例如是雨水)通過。例如，在圖12中，水可從在該上層的開口304通過該延長的細長中空的結構302至在該最下層的開口306，以使水可被供應至地面的最深端。
依照支撐柱200的長度，許多大的孔洞空間308可被形成在多層支撐結構300內介於任二鄰接層的模組托板100之間。此些孔洞空間308提供通行區域給樹根，及允許多餘的雨水能容易地流出該結構。此些孔洞空間308亦可被填充有植栽介質，以產生在該結構中之不同的功能或養分區域，或是作用為用於被安裝地面下方的設備(例如是管線及纜線)的儲存區域。在一實施例中，(介於該等層的模組托板100之間)的孔洞空間308及(在模組托板100的該主體內)的孔洞空間112的總數是多層支撐結構300的總體積的至少80%。此亦意指多層支撐結構300是相當輕重量的，因為其包含許多的孔洞空間。孔洞空間308可藉由使用較長的支撐柱200被明顯地增大。
雖然本案發明已就特定方面及參考特定的實施例被說明，但熟習相關技術者應了解到，各種不同的修改及/或變化是可在不脫離如同被廣泛地說明及在以下的申請專利範圍中被闡述之本案發明的範圍下被做至本案發明。因此，該等實施例在各方面應被認為是圖示說明性的，且並非 是限制性的。
100‧‧‧模組托板
200‧‧‧支撐柱
300‧‧‧多層支撐結構
308‧‧‧孔洞空間

Claims (10)

  1. 一種模組托板，其包括：一頂部表面，其用於支撐負載；一底部表面，其被配置在該頂部表面下方及平行於該頂部表面；一側壁，其從該頂部表面的一外圍邊緣延伸至該底部表面的一外圍邊緣，藉由該頂部表面、該底部表面及該側壁界定出一主體，其中，該主體被分割成多個支撐區段，以各支撐區段包括從該頂部表面垂直地延伸至該底部表面之一網絡的加強肋，從該頂部表面至該底部表面形成具有孔洞空間之一蜂窩狀的結構；多根中空的支腳，其與該側壁的一內側形成一體，並從該頂部表面朝下地延伸，其中，各該中空的支腳包括一與該頂部表面對齊的頂部開口，及一較遠離該底部表面的底部開口，如此使得一空隙被產生介於該底部表面及該中空的支腳的該底部開口之間，其應至少允許一堆高機的該叉臂能無阻礙地叉入該空隙，其中，各該中空的支腳包括一沿著該頂部開口的一外圍邊緣的頂部溝槽及一沿著鄰近該底部表面的該中空的支腳之一周邊的底部溝槽；及多個互鎖機構，其與該側壁的一外側形成一體，用於將二或多塊模組托板耦合在一起，以側向地形成一托板矩陣。
  2. 根據申請專利範圍第1項的模組托板，其中，較靠近該側壁之該網絡的加強肋被配置成比遠離該側壁之該網絡的加強肋更緊密，以提高該模組托板的剛性。
  3. 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項的模組托板，其中，該加強肋是以任何 介於0°及360°之間的適當角度彼此相交。
  4. 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項的模組托板，其中，該加強肋是彼此相交的，且是被配置成相對該側壁呈垂直、平行及斜對角。
  5. 根據申請專利範圍第1項的模組托板，其中，該多個支撐區段包括四個相同大小尺寸的支撐區段。
  6. 根據申請專利範圍第1項的模組托板，其中，該主體被形成為一具有四個角落之正方形的形狀。
  7. 根據申請專利範圍第6項的模組托板，其中，該多根中空的支腳包括四根被設置在該主體的該四個角落之中空的支腳。
  8. 根據申請專利範圍第1項的模組托板，其中，各該中空的支腳被形成為一圓筒形的形狀。
  9. 一種多層支撐結構，用於設置在地面下方，以支撐一在上方的硬景觀/軟景觀，該多層支撐結構包括：多塊根據申請專利範圍第1或2項的該模組托板，其被配置以形成至少兩層托板，以各層包括一或多塊被該互鎖機構側向地耦合的模組托板，其中，該模組托板的該蜂窩狀的結構使樹根、流體及/或植栽介質能從該頂部表面穿過至該底部表面；多根支撐柱，其被設置在該至少兩層托板之間，其中，各該支撐柱為一細長中空的結構，具有二個開口端部，該開口端部被調設成可鬆解開地與一中空的支腳的該頂部溝槽及另一中空的支腳的該底部溝槽嚙結，其中，該支撐柱及該中空的支腳應至少能讓流體通過；及多個孔洞空間被產生介於被該支撐柱分隔開的該至少兩層托板之間， 其中，該至少兩層托板之間的該孔洞空間允許在該多層支撐結構內的樹根生長、排水及/或設備的儲存。
  10. 根據申請專利範圍第9項的多層支撐結構，其中，各該支撐柱被形成為一圓筒形的形狀。
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