CN109153476A - 模块化托盘和多层支撑结构 - Google Patents

模块化托盘和多层支撑结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109153476A
CN109153476A CN201680084978.8A CN201680084978A CN109153476A CN 109153476 A CN109153476 A CN 109153476A CN 201680084978 A CN201680084978 A CN 201680084978A CN 109153476 A CN109153476 A CN 109153476A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
modularization
pallet
support
hollow
side wall
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Granted
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CN201680084978.8A
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CN109153476B (zh
Inventor
林儿庆
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Individual
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Individual
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    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D19/0004—Rigid pallets without side walls
    • B65D19/0006—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element
    • B65D19/003—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces
    • B65D19/0042—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces the base surface being made of more than one element
    • B65D19/0046—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces
    • B65D19/0051—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces and each contact surface having a discrete foot-like shape
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/12—Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
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    • B65D19/002—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of more than one element
    • B65D19/0024—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces
    • B65D19/0028—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces and each contact surface having a discrete foot-like shape
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    • B65D19/0032—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces the base surface being made of a single element
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    • B65D2519/0097—Details with special means for nesting or stacking stackable when loaded through corner posts

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pallets (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于支撑并运输货物的模块化托盘。该模块化托盘包括与侧壁的内侧部成一体的多个中空支腿以及与侧壁的外侧部成一体以用于在横向上联接其他模块化托盘的多个互锁装置，其中，中空支腿中的每个中空支腿均包括与托盘的顶表面对齐的顶部开口和进一步远离托盘的底表面的底部开口、以及沿着顶部开口的外周边缘的顶部凹槽和沿着中空支腿的圆周的邻近于底表面的底部凹槽。多层支撑结构包括由多个中空支撑柱隔开的至少两层模块化托盘，以用于定位在地面下方来支撑设置在地面上的硬景观/软景观并同时允许树根生长、水排出以及公用设施的存储。

Description

模块化托盘和多层支撑结构
技术领域
本发明涉及用于支撑并运输货物的模块化托盘。更具体地，本发明涉及包括由支撑柱隔开的多层模块化托盘的多层支撑结构。该多层支撑结构被定位在地面下方以用于支撑上面的硬景观/软景观并同时允许树根生长、水排出和/或在该结构内存储公用设施(例如管道和布线)。
背景技术
托盘是用于支撑并运输货物的结构。通常，托盘由相对较重且易于磨损和破损的木材制成。因此，需要频繁维护和更换损坏的托盘。此外，木制托盘对砍伐森林有影响，并且不太适合回收利用。另外，这些托盘不能联接在一起以形成更大的单元来支撑更大或更多的货物。鉴于此，需要一种轻量、耐用且可连接的托盘。
在景观美化活动和园艺活动中，经常使用硬景观(例如路面、露台、道路、停车场等)和软景观(例如树、花卉和其他植被)来使环境更美观和健康。为了将硬景观/软景观保持在位并减轻由于土壤结构不良而对硬景观/软景观造成的损害，可以在安装有硬景观/软景观的地面下方设置坚固的支撑结构。支撑结构还可以包括水控制/处理系统，该水控制/处理系统有助于在地下收集水、处理水、以及/或者排放水。通常，这种支撑结构会是大型的、复杂的并且实施成本高。鉴于此，需要一种制造及实施成本低且易于制造及实施的可扩展的(scalable)支撑结构。
发明内容
通过提供用于支撑并运输货物的模块化托盘以及由模块化托盘形成的用于定位在地面下方以支撑硬景观/软景观的可扩展的多层支撑结构来解决上述及其他问题并且在本领域中取得进步。
本发明的第一个优点是模块化托盘由于其功能设计和所使用的材料而是坚固、轻量、耐用、成本低、环境友好且易于制造的。本发明的第二个优点是多个模块化托盘可以容易地联接在一起，以形成托盘矩阵来用于支撑更大或更多的货物，或者形成三维多层支撑结构来用于定位在地面下方从而支撑硬景观/软景观。本发明的第三个优点是多层支撑结构能够扩展至任何期望的大小，并且可以用最小的劳力容易地拆卸。本发明的第四个优点是多层支撑结构具有相当大的空隙空间来允许树根(特别是深根)在该结构内自由地生长并使树根远离上面/相邻的硬景观指向，从而使树根与硬景观(例如混凝土路面)之间的冲突最小化。本发明的第五个优点是多层支撑结构允许托盘层之间的流体连通，并且因此保持树根充分湿润并同时有助于排出结构中的多余的水。本发明的第六个优点是多层支撑结构内相当大的空隙空间可以用来存储地面下方的公用设施(例如管道和线缆)。本发明的第七个优点是托盘层之间的相当大的空隙空间可以用种植基质填充，以在多层支撑结构内形成不同的功能或营养区，从而促进软景观的生长。在本申请中，术语“根”和“树根”可以互换使用，以表示将受益于所描述的发明的树、植物或其他植被的任何根。
根据本发明的实施方式，提供了一种模块化托盘。该模块化托盘包括：用于支撑载荷的顶表面；设置在顶表面下方并与顶表面平行的底表面；侧壁，该侧壁从顶表面的外周边缘延伸至底表面的外周边缘，从而由顶表面、底表面和侧壁限定主体；多个中空支腿，所述多个中空支腿与侧壁的内侧部成一体并从顶表面向下延伸；以及多个互锁装置，所述多个互锁装置与所述侧壁的外侧部成一体以用于在横向上将两个或更多个所述模块化托盘联接在一起以形成托盘矩阵。主体被分成多个支撑部分，并且每个支撑部分均包括从顶表面竖向延伸至底表面的加强肋的网，从而形成具有从顶表面到底表面的空隙空间的蜂窝状结构。更靠近侧壁的加强肋的网被构造成比远离侧壁的加强肋的网更紧密，以增强模块化托盘的刚度。中空支腿中的每个中空支腿均包括与顶表面对齐的顶部开口和进一步远离底表面的底部开口，以使得在底表面与中空支腿的底部开口之间形成间隙，该间隙应当至少允许叉车的叉无阻碍地插入该间隙中。中空支腿中的每个中空支腿均包括沿着顶部开口的外周边缘的顶部凹槽和沿着中空支腿的圆周的邻近于底表面的底部凹槽。
根据本发明的实施方式，提供了一种用于定位在地面下方以支撑上面的硬景观/软景观的多层支撑结构。该多层支撑结构包括：多个所述(如上面描述的)模块化托盘，这些模块化托盘构造成形成至少两层托盘，并且每层托盘包括通过互锁装置横向联接的一个或更多个模块化托盘，其中，模块化托盘的蜂窝状结构允许树根、流体和/或种植培养基从顶表面穿过而到达底表面；多个支撑柱，所述多个支撑柱设置在所述至少两层托盘之间，其中，支撑柱中的每个支撑柱均是具有两个开口端部的长形的中空结构，所述两个开口端部适于与一个中空支腿的顶部凹槽和另一个中空支腿的底部凹槽以可释放的方式接合，其中，支撑柱和中空支腿应当至少允许流体穿过；以及形成在所述至少两层托盘之间的由所述支撑柱隔开的多个空隙空间，其中，所述空隙空间允许树根生长、水排出和/或在所述多层支撑结构内存储公用设施。
根据本发明的实施方式，加强肋以0°与360°之间的任何合适的角度彼此相交。在其他实施方式中，加强肋彼此相交并且布置成相对于侧壁是垂直的、平行的和斜的。
根据本发明的实施方式，所述多个支撑部分包括四个大小相等的支撑部分。
根据本发明的实施方式，主体形成为具有四个拐角的方形形状。所述多个中空支腿包括定位在主体的四个拐角处的四个中空支腿。
根据本发明的实施方式，中空支腿中的每个中空支腿均形成为圆筒形形状。支撑柱中的每个支撑柱均形成为圆筒形形状。
附图说明
在参照下面的附图对优选实施方式的以下详细描述中描述了本发明的上述及其他特征和优点：
图1是根据本发明的实施方式的模块化托盘的直视俯视图；
图2是如图1中图示的模块化托盘的俯视立体图；
图3是图1的模块化托盘的直视仰视图；
图4是如图3中图示的模块化托盘的仰视立体图；
图5是根据本发明的实施方式的模块化托盘的侧视图；
图6图示了正被叉车提升的图1的模块化托盘；
图7图示了根据本发明的实施方式的要被通过互锁装置横向联接在一起的两个模块化托盘；
图8是根据本发明的实施方式的横向联接在一起以形成托盘矩阵的四个模块化托盘的俯视图；
图9图示了根据本发明的实施方式的待与多个支撑柱接合以形成双层支撑结构的两个模块化托盘；
图10图示了根据本发明的实施方式的待与多个支撑柱接合以形成三层支撑结构的三个模块化托盘；
图11是根据本发明的实施方式的多层支撑结构的立体图；
图12是根据本发明的实施方式的被定位在树下方的多层支撑结构的侧视图。
具体实施方式
本发明的第一方面涉及一种用于支撑并运输货物的模块化托盘。这种模块化托盘能够通过叉车被从一个地方运输至另一个地方。本发明的第二方面涉及一种包括多层模块化托盘的可扩展的多层支撑结构，该可扩展的多层支撑结构用于支撑上面的硬景观/软景观并同时允许树根生长、水排出和/或在该结构内存储公用设施(例如管道和布线)。
图1和图2图示了根据本发明的实施方式的模块化托盘100的直视俯视图和俯视立体图。图3和图4图示了模块化托盘100的直视仰视图和仰视立体图。图5图示了模块化托盘100的侧视图。模块化托盘100是由聚丙烯(或其他合适的材料)制成的坚固、耐用、轻量、成本低、防水且能够支撑重载荷的单件式模制结构。模块化托盘100易于用单个模具制造，并且可以承受长时间暴露于潮湿，并且在被粗糙地对待时显示出很少的磨损和破损。两个或更多个模块化托盘100能够彼此嵌套，并且因此在存储或运输期间占据最小空间。
模块化托盘100包括顶表面102、底表面104和从顶表面102的外周边缘延伸至底表面104的外周边缘的侧壁106。因此，由顶表面102、底表面104和侧壁106限定出主体。顶表面102应当是相对平坦的(平面的)，使得即使在通过叉车运输模块化托盘100期间货物仍可以平稳地搁置在顶表面102上。底表面104也是相对平坦的(平面的)、并且大致平行于顶表面102、并且不应阻碍叉车的叉进入底表面104下方的间隙。模块化托盘100的主体可以具有任何合适的形状(例如呈矩形、正方形、多边形等)和大小。例如，主体可以呈正方形形状(如图1和图3所示那样从顶部或底部观察)，并且尺寸为约0.55m×0.55m×0.04m(长×宽×高)，即顶表面102和底表面104是约0.55m×0.55m的正方形并且侧壁106具有约0.04m的高度。
模块化托盘100的主体被分成多个支撑部分108，支撑部分108可以具有任何合适的大小和形状。例如，如图1至图4所示，主体被分成四个大小相等的支撑部分108，并且每个支撑部分108均可以具有约0.27m×0.27m×0.04m(长×宽×高)的尺寸。支撑部分108中的每个支撑部分均包括从顶表面102竖向延伸至底表面104的加强肋110的网，从而在整个顶表面102和底表面104上形成其中创建有空隙空间112的蜂窝状结构或网格图案(如图1和图3所示那样从顶部或底部观察)。这些空隙空间112可以是相同大小或不同大小的。蜂窝状结构为模块化托盘100提供结构强度和刚度并且有助于将货物的重量分布在整个顶表面102上。加强肋110布置成以0°与360°之间的任何合适的角度、比如45°、90°和180°的角度彼此相交(从顶部或底部观察)。例如，相交的加强肋110相对于侧壁106可以是垂直的、平行的和/或斜的。加强肋110的网可以在整个支撑部分108上具有不同的紧密度，并且因此在整个主体上具有不同的紧密度。例如，如图1至图4所示，更靠近侧壁106的加强肋110的网比其他区域的加强肋110的网更紧密(更靠近彼此)，以增强模块化托盘100的刚度。
模块化托盘100包括多个支腿118，所述支腿118一体地形成在侧壁106的内侧部处并连接至加强肋110中的一些加强肋。所述多个支腿118从顶表面102向下延伸并且彼此适当地间隔开，使得模块化托盘100可以牢固且平稳地搁置在一表面上。例如，模块化托盘100可以具有四个支腿118，这四个支腿118定位在正方形主体的四个拐角处，如图1至图4所示。支腿118可以形成为任何合适的形状(例如圆筒形、矩形、三角形)和大小。例如，如由图中的实施方式所示，支腿118是直径为约0.095m并且高度为约0.13m的圆筒形的。优选地，支腿118是中空结构，其包括允许流体通过支腿的顶部开口120和底部开口122。顶部开口120与顶表面102对齐成使得它们彼此齐平。底部开口122进一步远离底表面104，使得在底表面104与底部开口122之间形成间隙124。间隙124应当至少允许叉车的叉无阻碍地插入间隙124中。例如，间隙124的高度可以是约0.09m。图6示出了正被叉车提升的模块化托盘100。
支腿118中的每个支腿均包括沿着顶部开口120的外周边缘的顶部凹槽126(参见图2)和沿着支腿118的圆周的邻近于底表面104的底部凹槽128(参见图4)。凹槽126、128实际上是构造成与可以合适且牢固地配装到这些凹槽中的相应的结构接合的深且窄的通道或槽。例如，凹槽126、128可以具有约0.0035m的宽度。所述相应的结构可以是可以配装到凹槽126、128中以形成延伸的支腿的支撑柱200(参见图9和图10)。支腿118中的每个支腿均具有与底部开口122相邻的渐缩端部部分130，渐缩端部部分130有助于引导所述相应的结构配装到底部凹槽128中。
模块化托盘100还包括多个互锁装置134，所述多个互锁装置134一体地形成在侧壁106的外侧部处。这些互锁装置134有助于在横向上将两个或更多个模块化托盘100联接在一起以形成托盘矩阵。如图1至图4所示，互锁装置134可以是槽型锁定机构，其包括用于彼此互锁(不需要使用单独的紧固件)的阳凸片部分136和匹配的阴凹陷部分138。也可以使用其他锁定机构，只要它们可以将两个模块化托盘100牢固地联接在一起即可。图7示出了两个模块化托盘100可以通过互锁装置134在侧壁106的一个侧部处联接在一起。图8示出了四个模块化托盘100通过互锁装置134横向联接在一起以形成托盘矩阵。
在本发明中，多个模块化托盘100可以联接在一起而形成三维多层支撑结构300，三维多层支撑结构300包括至少两层模块化托盘100，并且每层包括通过互锁装置134联接在一起的一个或更多个模块化托盘100(如果使用一个模块化托盘100则不进行联接)。因此，多层支撑结构300被设计成模块化的，这允许灵活地形成不同大小(即，能够扩展至期望的大小)以适应复杂的城市环境景观。例如，多层支撑结构300可以如图9至图12所示那样以不同的形式构造。多层支撑结构300被定位在地面下方以用于支撑上面的硬景观/软景观，比如如图12所示那样被安装在树下方。在多层支撑结构300中，模块化托盘100的主体的蜂窝状结构应当允许树根、流体(例如雨水)和/或种植基质从顶表面120穿过而到达底表面122。因此，树根可以从上层向下层自由地生长，并且还可以延伸穿过所述结构并越过所述结构触及土壤，从而增加树根可触及的土壤体积。类似地，水可以从所述结构的上层流动至下层，从而避免所述结构内的干燥区域并防止水停滞。
多层支撑结构300还包括设置在两个相邻的模块化托盘100层之间的多个支撑柱200，所述多个支撑柱200可以与模块化托盘100的支腿118以可释放的方式接合。因此，通常，支撑柱200的数目与支腿118的数目相关联。对于具有四个支腿118的模块化托盘100的示例，在两个模块化托盘100之间可以连接四个支撑柱200(参见图9)，并且在三个模块化托盘100之间可以连接八个支撑柱200(参见图10)。支撑柱200可以具有任何合适的形状(例如圆筒形、矩形、三角形)和大小。优选地，支撑柱200是具有用于分别与凹槽126和128接合的两个开口端部202和204的长形的中空结构(类似于支腿118)。当与底部凹槽128接合时，支腿118的渐缩端部部分130有助于引导支撑柱200配装到底部凹槽128中。这样一来，当中空的支撑柱200与中空的支腿118接合时，可以形成延伸的长形中空结构。该延伸的长形中空结构应当至少允许流体(例如雨水)穿过。例如，在图12中，水可以从顶层处的开口304穿过延伸的长形中空结构302而到达最下层处的开口306，从而使得水可以供应至地的较深端。
取决于支撑柱200的长度，在多层支撑结构300内、在任意两个相邻的模块化托盘100层之间可以形成许多大的空隙空间308。这些空隙空间308为树根提供进入区域并允许多余的雨水容易地流出所述结构。这些空隙空间308也可以用种植基质填充以在所述结构内形成不同的功能或营养区，或者也可以用作安装在地面下方的公用设施(例如管道和线缆)的存储区域。在一个实施方式中，空隙空间308(位于模块化托盘100层之间)与空隙空间112(位于模块化托盘100的主体内)之和是多层支撑结构300的总体积的至少80％。这也意味着多层支撑结构300由于其包含许多空隙空间而是相对轻量的。通过使用更长的支撑柱200可以显著地增加空隙空间308。
尽管已经在某些方面并参照特定实施方式描述了本发明，但本领域技术人员应当理解的是，在不脱离如所附权利要求中广义地描述并阐述的本发明的范围的情况下，可以对本发明作出各种改型和/或变型。因此，应当在所有方面将这些实施方式视为说明性的而非限制性的。

Claims (9)

1.一种模块化托盘，包括：
用于支撑载荷的顶表面；
设置在所述顶表面下方并与所述顶表面平行的底表面；
侧壁，所述侧壁从所述顶表面的外周边缘延伸至所述底表面的外周边缘，从而由所述顶表面、所述底表面和所述侧壁限定主体，其中，所述主体被分成多个支撑部分，并且每个支撑部分均包括从所述顶表面竖向延伸至所述底表面的加强肋的网，从而形成具有从所述顶表面到所述底表面的空隙空间的蜂窝状结构，其中，更靠近所述侧壁的所述加强肋的网被构造成比远离所述侧壁的所述加强肋的网更紧密，以增强所述模块化托盘的刚度；
多个中空支腿，所述多个中空支腿与所述侧壁的内侧部成一体并从所述顶表面向下延伸，其中，所述中空支腿中的每个中空支腿均包括与所述顶表面对齐的顶部开口和进一步远离所述底表面的底部开口，以使得在所述底表面与所述中空支腿的所述底部开口之间形成间隙，所述间隙能够至少允许叉车的叉无阻碍地插入该间隙中，其中，所述中空支腿中的每个中空支腿均包括沿着所述顶部开口的外周边缘的顶部凹槽和沿着所述中空支腿的圆周的邻近于所述底表面的底部凹槽；以及
多个互锁装置，所述多个互锁装置与所述侧壁的外侧部成一体以用于在横向上将两个或更多个所述模块化托盘联接在一起以形成托盘矩阵。
2.一种用于定位在地面下方以支撑上面的硬景观/软景观的多层支撑结构，所述多层支撑结构包括：
多个根据权利要求1所述的模块化托盘，这些模块化托盘构造成形成至少两层托盘，并且每层托盘包括通过所述互锁装置横向联接的一个或更多个所述模块化托盘，其中，所述模块化托盘的所述蜂窝状结构允许树根、流体和/或种植基质从所述顶表面穿过而到达所述底表面；
多个支撑柱，所述多个支撑柱设置在至少两层所述托盘之间，其中，所述支撑柱中的每个支撑柱均是具有两个开口端部的长形的中空结构，所述两个开口端部适于与一个中空支腿的所述顶部凹槽和另一个中空支腿的所述底部凹槽以可释放的方式接合，其中，所述支撑柱和所述中空支腿能够至少允许流体穿过；以及
形成在至少两层所述托盘之间的由所述支撑柱隔开的多个空隙空间，其中，所述空隙空间允许树根生长、水排出和/或在所述多层支撑结构内存储公用设施。
3.根据权利要求1所述的模块化托盘，其中，所述加强肋以0°与360°之间的任何合适的角度彼此相交。
4.根据权利要求1所述的模块化托盘，其中，所述加强肋彼此相交并且布置成相对于所述侧壁是垂直的、平行的和斜的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的模块化托盘，其中，所述多个支撑部分包括四个大小相等的支撑部分。
6.根据权利要求1所述的模块化托盘，其中，所述主体形成为具有四个拐角的方形形状。
7.根据权利要求6所述的模块化托盘，其中，所述多个中空支腿包括定位在所述主体的所述四个拐角处的四个中空支腿。
8.根据权利要求1所述的模块化托盘，其中，所述中空支腿中的每个中空支腿均形成为圆筒形形状。
9.根据权利要求2所述的模块化托盘，其中，所述支撑柱中的每个支撑柱均形成为圆筒形形状。
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