TWI704144B - 苯胺衍生物及其用途 - Google Patents
苯胺衍生物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI704144B TWI704144B TW104108130A TW104108130A TWI704144B TW I704144 B TWI704144 B TW I704144B TW 104108130 A TW104108130 A TW 104108130A TW 104108130 A TW104108130 A TW 104108130A TW I704144 B TWI704144 B TW I704144B
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- 125000002490 anilino group Chemical class [H]N(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 title abstract description 3
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- JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZRQAIBMAFLMIND-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(thiophen-2-yl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CS1 ZRQAIBMAFLMIND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUVIJHAPWYUQIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropan-2-yloxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCOC(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F CUVIJHAPWYUQIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCOCC1CO1 JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XFFHTZIRHGKTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F XFFHTZIRHGKTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSVXWCZFSFKRDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-(3-triphenylsilylphenyl)silane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](C=1C=C(C=CC=1)[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 XSVXWCZFSFKRDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DETFWTCLAIIJRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-(4-triphenylsilylphenyl)silane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](C=1C=CC(=CC=1)[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 DETFWTCLAIIJRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNQMQGXHWZCRFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-[4-(4-triphenylsilylphenyl)phenyl]silane Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 LNQMQGXHWZCRFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIGXXTRUJYDDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl-[4-[4-(4-triphenylsilylphenyl)phenyl]phenyl]silane Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KIGXXTRUJYDDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFDGVZHLJCKEPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,4,6-trimethyl-3-pyridin-3-ylphenyl)borane Chemical compound CC1=C(B(C=2C(=C(C=3C=NC=CC=3)C(C)=CC=2C)C)C=2C(=C(C=3C=NC=CC=3)C(C)=CC=2C)C)C(C)=CC(C)=C1C1=CC=CN=C1 RFDGVZHLJCKEPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/88—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
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- C09D5/24—Electrically-conducting paints
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- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
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- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
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- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
- H10K85/636—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising heteroaromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
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Abstract
例如下述式所示般苯胺衍生物,對有機溶劑之溶解性良好,且使用含有此等作為電荷輸送性物質之薄膜適用於電洞注入層的場合,可得到具有優異亮度特性之有機EL元件。
Description
本發明係關於苯胺衍生物及其用途。
有機電致發光(以下,稱有機EL)元件中,作為發光層或電荷注入層可使用由有機化合物所構成的電荷輸送性薄膜。尤其,電洞注入層具有擔負陽極與電洞輸送層或者發光層的電荷之授受,且達成有機EL元件的低電壓驅動及高亮度之重要機能。
電洞注入層之形成方法,大抵分為以蒸鍍法為代表的乾製程與以旋轉塗佈法為代表的濕製程,比較此等各製程,濕製程可大面積有效率地製造平坦性高的薄膜。因此在有機EL顯示器大面積化不斷進展的現在,期望可以濕製程形成之電洞注入層。
有鑑於如此,本發明者們開發了能得到可適用各種濕製程,同時適用於有機EL元件的電洞注入層的場合,可實現優異的EL元件特性之薄膜之電荷輸送性材料或對用於其之有機溶劑溶解性良好的化合物(例如專利文獻1~4作為參考)。
[專利文獻1]國際公開第2008/067276號
[專利文獻2]國際公開第2008/129947號
[專利文獻3]國際公開第2006/025342號
[專利文獻4]國際公開第2010/058777號
本發明亦與目前為止開發的上述專利文獻之技術相同,以提供顯示對有機溶劑之良好溶解性,同時薄膜化而用於電洞注入層的場合,可實現具有優異亮度特性之有機EL元件之苯胺衍生物為目的。
本發明者們為了達成上述目的,努力檢討之結果,發現無法採取苯醌二亞胺構造的特定苯胺衍生物對有機溶媒具有優異的溶解性,由將其溶於有機溶媒而調製的塗漆可得到發揮高電荷輸送性之薄膜、及將該薄膜用於有機EL元件之電洞注入層時,可得到高亮度的元件,完成本發明。
即本發明為提供
1、一種苯胺衍生物,其特徵係以式(1)所表示,
[式中,R1~R4各自獨立,為氫原子、鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、或可經鹵素原子取代的碳數1~20之烷基、碳數2~20之烯基、碳數2~20之炔基、碳數6~20之芳基或者碳數2~20之雜芳基,
Ar1各自獨立,為式(A1)~(A14)所表示之任一基(但,4個Ar1不同時為式(A5)所表示之基)]
2、如請求項1記載之苯胺衍生物,其中,前述
R1~R4皆為氫原子。
3、如請求項1記載之苯胺衍生物,其以式(1’)表示,
(式中,Ar11及Ar13皆表示前述式(A1)~(A4)及(A6)~(A14)之任一所表示之相同基,Ar12及Ar14皆表示前述式(A1)~(A14)之任一所表示之相同基)。
4、如請求項1記載之苯胺衍生物,其中,前述Ar1皆為相同基(但,式(A5)所表示之基除外)。
5、一種電荷輸送性物質,其特徵係由請求項1~4中任1項記載之苯胺衍生物所構成。
6、一種電荷輸送性材料,其特徵係含有請求項5記載之電荷輸送性物質。
7、一種電荷輸送性塗漆,其特徵係含有請求項5記載之電荷輸送性物質與有機溶劑。
8、如請求項7記載之電荷輸送性塗漆,其係再含有摻雜劑物質。
9、如請求項8記載之電荷輸送性塗漆,其中,前述摻雜劑物質含有鹵四氰基苯醌二甲烷化合物。
10、如請求項9記載之電荷輸送性塗漆,其中,前述摻雜劑物質再含有雜多元酸。
11、一種電荷輸送性薄膜,其特徵係使用請求項7~10中任1項記載之電荷輸送性塗漆製作。
12、一種電子裝置,其特徵係具有請求項11記載之電荷輸送性薄膜。
13、一種有機電致發光元件,其特徵係具有請求項11記載之電荷輸送性薄膜。
14、一種電荷輸送性薄膜之製造方法,其特徵係將請求項7~10中任1項記載之電荷輸送性塗漆塗佈於基材上並使溶劑蒸發。
本發明的苯胺衍生物易溶於有機溶劑,使其與摻雜劑一同溶於有機溶劑,可容易地調製電荷輸送性塗漆。
由本發明的電荷輸送性塗漆製作的薄膜,因顯示高電荷輸送性,宜用於以有機EL元件為代表之電子裝置用薄膜。尤其,藉由將該薄膜用在有機EL元件的電洞注入層,可得到亮度特性優異的有機EL元件。
又,本發明的電荷輸送性塗漆,即使在使用旋轉塗佈法或狹縫塗佈法等可大面積成膜的各種濕製程的場合,可再現性佳地製造電荷輸送性優異的薄膜,故可充分對應近年有機EL元件領域之進展。
以下將本發明更詳細說明。
本發明之苯胺衍生物以式(1)表示。
式(1)中,R1~R4各自獨立,為氫原子、鹵素原子、硝基、氰基、或可經鹵素原子取代的碳數1~20之
烷基、碳數2~20之烯基、碳數2~20之炔基、碳數6~20之芳基或者碳數2~20之雜芳基。
鹵素原子,可舉例如氟原子、氯原子、溴原
子、碘原子等。
碳數1~20之烷基,可為直鏈狀、分支鏈狀、環狀任一,例如甲基、乙基、n-丙基、異丙基、n-丁基、異丁基、s-丁基、t-丁基、n-戊基、n-己基、n-庚基、n-辛基、n-壬基、n-癸基等的碳數1~20之直鏈或分支鏈狀烷基;環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環庚基、環辛基、環壬基、環癸基、雙環丁基、雙環戊基、雙環己基、雙環庚基、雙環辛基、雙環壬基、雙環癸基等的碳數3~20之環狀烷基等。
碳數2~20之烯基的具體例,可舉例如乙烯
基、n-1-丙烯基、n-2-丙烯基、1-甲基乙烯基、n-1-丁烯基、n-2-丁烯基、n-3-丁烯基、2-甲基-1-丙烯基、2-甲基-2-丙烯基、1-乙基乙烯基、1-甲基-1-丙烯基、1-甲基-2-丙烯基、n-1-戊烯基、n-1-癸烯基、n-1-二十烯基等。
碳數2~20之炔基的具體例,可舉例如乙炔
基、n-1-丙炔基、n-2-丙炔基、n-1-丁炔基、n-2-丁炔基、n-3-丁炔基、1-甲基-2-丙炔基、n-1-戊炔基、n-2-戊炔基、n-3-戊炔基、n-4-戊炔基、1-甲基-n-丁炔基、2-甲基-n-丁炔基、3-甲基-n-丁炔基、1,1-二甲基-n-丙炔基、n-1-己炔基、n-1-癸炔基、n-1-十五炔基、n-1-二十炔基等。
碳數6~20之芳基的具體例,可舉例如苯基、
1-萘基、2-萘基、1-蒽基、2-蒽基、9-蒽基、1-菲基、2-菲基、3-菲基、4-菲基、9-菲基等。
碳數2~20之雜芳基的具體例,可舉例如2-噻
吩基、3-噻吩基、2-呋喃基、3-呋喃基、2-噁唑基、4-噁唑基、5-噁唑基、3-異噁唑基、4-異噁唑基、5-異噁唑基、2-噻唑基、4-噻唑基、5-噻唑基、3-異噻唑基、4-異噻唑基、5-異噻唑基、2-咪唑基、4-咪唑基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基等。
此等中,R1~R4以氫原子、氟原子、氰基、可
經鹵素原子取代的碳數1~20之烷基、可經鹵素原子取代的碳數6~20之芳基、可經鹵素原子取代的碳數2~20之雜芳基為佳、氫原子、氟原子、氰基、可經鹵素原子取代的碳數1~10之烷基、可經鹵素原子取代的苯基更佳、氫原子、氟原子又更佳、氫原子為最佳。
上述Ar1各自獨立,為式(A1)~(A14)所表示之
任一基。
此等中,由化合物對有機溶劑之溶解性、或提升得到的薄膜之電荷輸送性點,以式(A1)~(A12)所表示之任一基為佳、式(A1)~(A3)、(A5)~(A7)、及(A10)~(A12)所表示之任一基更佳、式(A1)、(A5)、及(A10)~(A12)所表示之任一基又更佳、式(A1)及(A5)所表示之任一基再更佳。
但,本發明中,不包含式(1)中,4個Ar1同時為式(A5)所表示之基的化合物。
上述式(1)所表示之苯胺衍生物,由合成容易
性觀點、化合物對有機溶劑之溶解性觀點等,以具有下述般對稱性為佳。
即,本發明中,以式(1')所表示之苯胺衍生物為佳。
(式中,Ar11及Ar13皆表示前述式(A1)~(A4)及(A6)~(A14)
之任一所表示之相同基,Ar12及Ar14皆表示前述式(A1)~(A14)之任一所表示之相同基。)
Ar11及Ar13,由化合物對有機溶劑之溶解性、或提升得到的薄膜之電荷輸送性點,以式(A1)~(A4)、及(A6)~(A12)所表示之任一基為佳、式(A1)~(A3)、(A6)~(A7)、及(A10)~(A12)所表示之任一基更佳、式(A1)、及(A10)~(A12)所表示之任一基又更佳、式(A1)所表示之基再更佳。
Ar12及Ar14,由化合物對有機溶劑之溶解性、或提升得到的薄膜之電荷輸送性點,以式(A1)~(A12)所表示之任一基為佳、式(A1)~(A3)、(A5)~(A7)、及(A10)~(A12)所表示之任一基更佳、式(A1)、(A5)、及(A10)~(A12)所表示之任一基又更佳、式(A1)及(A5)所表示之任一基再更佳。
尤其,考量合成容易性觀點、苯胺衍生物對
有機溶劑之溶解性、電荷輸送性等之平衡,本發明中,以式(1)中之4個Ar1為相同基(但,式(A5)所表示之基除外)為最佳。
又,本發明中,上述烷基、烯基及炔基的碳
數,較佳為10以下、更佳為6以下、再佳為4以下。
又,芳基及雜芳基的碳數,較佳為14以下、更佳為10以下、再佳為6以下。
本發明之式(1)所表示之苯胺衍生物,可藉由
使式(2)所表示之胺化合物與式(3)所表示之芳基化合物在觸媒存在下反應來製造。
又,本發明之式(1')所表示之苯胺衍生物,可藉由使式(2)所表示之胺化合物、式(3-1)所表示之芳基化合物、式(3-2)所表示之芳基化合物、式(3-3)所表示之芳基化合物、式(3-4)所表示之芳基化合物,在觸媒存在下階段性地反應來製造。
可舉一例如,式(1')所表示之苯胺衍生物可藉由使式(2)所表示之胺化合物、式(3-1)所表示之芳基化合物及式(3-2)所表示之芳基化合物,在觸媒下反應,得到式(2')所表示之中間體後,使其與式(3-3)所表示之芳基化合物及式(3-4)所表示之芳基化合物,在觸媒存在下反應來製造。
鹵素原子,可舉例如同上述者。
擬鹵素基,可舉例如甲磺醯基氧基、三氟甲磺醯基氧基、九氟丁烷磺醯基氧基等之(氟)烷基磺醯基氧基;苯磺醯基氧基、甲苯磺醯基氧基等之芳香族磺醯基氧基等。
式(2)所表示之胺化合物與式(3)所表示之芳基化合物之添加比,相對胺化合物之全NH基的物質量,可使芳基化合物為當量以上,但以1~1.2當量程度為宜。
又,式(2)所表示之胺化合物與式(3-1)及(3-2)所表示之芳基化合物之添加比,相對式(2)所表示之胺化合物的物質量,可為各自當量以上,但以1~1.2當量程度為宜。
又,式(2')所表示之中間體與式(3-3)及(3-4)所表示之芳基化合物之添加比,相對中間體之物質量(亦可以式(2)所表示之胺化合物的物質量考量),可為各自當量以上,但以1~1.2當量程度為宜。
上述反應所使用的觸媒,可舉例如氯化銅、
溴化銅、碘化銅等之銅觸媒;Pd(PPh3)4(肆(三苯基膦)鈀)、Pd(PPh3)2Cl2(雙(三苯基膦)二氯鈀)、Pd(dba)2(雙(亞苄基丙酮)鈀)、Pd2(dba)3(參(亞苄基丙酮)二鈀)、Pd(P-t-Bu3)2(雙(三t-丁基膦)鈀)等之鈀觸媒等。此等之觸媒可單獨使用或2種以上組合使用。又,此等之觸媒可與習知的適當配位子一起使用。
觸媒的使用量,以使用之全芳基化合物為
1mol之場合,可為0.2mol程度,但以0.15mol程度為宜。
又,使用配位子之場合,其使用量相對使用之金屬錯
合物可為0.1~5當量,但以1~2當量為宜。
上述各反應可在溶劑中進行。使用溶劑之場
合,其種類為對反應無負面影響者則無特別限制。具體例,可舉例如脂肪族烴類(戊烷、n-己烷、n-辛烷、n-癸烷、萘烷等)、鹵素化脂肪族烴類(氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、四氯化碳等)、芳香族烴類(苯、硝基苯、甲苯、o-二甲苯、m-二甲苯、p-二甲苯、均三甲苯等)、鹵素化芳香族烴類(氯苯、溴苯、o-二氯苯、m-二氯苯、p-二氯苯等)、醚類(二乙基醚、二異丙基醚、t-丁基甲基醚、四氫呋喃、二噁烷、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷等)、酮類(丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基異丁基酮、二-n-丁基酮、環己酮等)、醯胺類(N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺等)、內醯胺及內酯類(N-甲基吡咯啶酮、γ-丁內酯等)、尿素類(N,N-二甲基咪唑啉酮、四甲基脲等)、亞碸類(二甲基亞碸、環丁碸等)、腈類(乙腈、丙腈、丁腈等)等,此等之溶劑可單獨使用或2種以上混合使用。
反應溫度可在使用的溶劑之熔點至沸點的範
圍適宜設定,尤其以0~200℃程度為佳、20~150℃更佳。
反應完畢後依據常法進行後處理,可得到目的之苯胺衍生物。
以下列舉式(1)所表示之苯胺衍生物的具體
例,但不限於此等。
本發明之電荷輸送性塗漆為含有式(1)所表示
之苯胺衍生物所構成的電荷輸送性物質與有機溶劑者,但因應得到的薄膜之用途,以提升其電荷輸送能力等為目的,可含有摻雜劑物質。
摻雜劑物質為溶於塗漆使用之至少1種溶劑者則不特別限定,可使用無機系之摻雜劑物質、有機系之摻雜劑物質任一。
尤其無機系之摻雜劑物質,以雜多元酸為
佳。
雜多元酸係指代表上具有以式(D1)所表示之Keggin型或者式(D2)所表示之Dawson型的化學構造所表示的雜原子位於分子中心的構造,且為釩(V)、鉬(Mo)、鎢(W)等
之氧酸之異多元酸與異種元素之氧酸縮合而成的多元酸。
作為如此之異種元素之氧酸,主要可舉例如矽(Si)、磷(P)、砷(As)之氧酸。
雜多元酸的具體例,可舉例如磷鉬酸、矽鉬
酸、磷鎢酸、矽鎢酸、磷鎢鉬酸等,此等可單獨使用或2種以上組合使用。又,本發明使用的雜多元酸可以市售品取得,又,亦可以習知的方法合成。
尤其,使用1種類雜多元酸時,該1種類之雜多元酸以磷鎢酸或磷鉬酸為佳、磷鎢酸為最佳。又,使用2種類以上之雜多元酸時,該2種類以上之雜多元酸之1個以磷鎢酸或磷鉬酸為佳、磷鎢酸更佳。
又,雜多元酸在元素分析等的定量分析中,比一般式所表示之構造之元素的數為多者或少者、其以市售品取得者、或者、依據習知合成方法適當合成者,則在本發明中可使用。
亦即,例如一般磷鎢酸以化學式H3(PW12O40).nH2O、磷鉬酸以化學式H3(PMo12O40).nH2O分別表示,但定量分析中,該式中之P(磷)、O(氧)或W(鎢)或者Mo(鉬)
的數為多者或少者、其以市售品取得者、或者依據習知合成方法適當合成者,則可在本發明中使用。此時,本發明所規定的雜多元酸之質量非合成物或市售品中純粹的磷鎢酸之質量(磷鎢酸含量),係指可作為市售品取得之形態及習知合成法可單離之形態中,含水合水或其他的雜質等的狀態之全質量。
本發明之電荷輸送性塗漆所含有的雜多元
酸,以質量比計,相對本發明之苯胺衍生物所構成的電荷輸送性物質1而言可為0.01~50程度,但較佳為0.1~10程度、更佳為1.0~5.0程度。
另一方面,作為有機系之摻雜劑物質,尤以
四氰基苯醌二甲烷衍生物或苯醌衍生物為佳。
四氰基苯醌二甲烷衍生物的具體例,可舉例如7,7,8,8-四氰基苯醌二甲烷(TCNQ)或式(4)所表示之鹵四氰基苯醌二甲烷等。
又,苯醌衍生物的具體例,可舉例如四氟-1,4-苯醌(F4BQ)、四氯-1,4-苯醌(四氯醌)、四溴-1,4-苯醌、2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基-1,4-苯醌(DDQ)等。
式中,R5~R8各自獨立,為氫原子或鹵素原
子,但至少1個為鹵素原子、以至少2個為鹵素原子為佳、至少3個為鹵素原子較佳、全部為鹵素原子最佳。
鹵素原子,雖可舉例與上述相同者,但以氟原子或氯原子為佳、氟原子更佳。
鹵四氰基苯醌二甲烷化合物的具體例,可舉
例如2-氟-7,7,8,8-四氰基苯醌二甲烷、2-氯-7,7,8,8-四氰基苯醌二甲烷、2,5-二氟-7,7,8,8-四氰基苯醌二甲烷、2,5-二氯-7,7,8,8-四氰基苯醌二甲烷、2,3,5,6-四氯-7,7,8,8-四氰基苯醌二甲烷、2,3,5,6-四氟-7,7,8,8-四氰基苯醌二甲烷(F4TCNQ)等,但本發明中,以F4TCNQ為最佳。
本發明之電荷輸送性塗漆中之四氰基苯醌二
甲烷衍生物及苯醌衍生物的含量,相對本發明之苯胺衍生物,較佳為0.0001~50當量、更佳為0.001~20當量、再較佳為0.01~10當量。
本發明中,考量良好再現性得到高電荷輸送
性的薄膜、摻雜劑物質之取得容易性等,作為摻雜劑物質以含有鹵四氰基苯醌二甲烷及苯醌衍生物的至少1種為佳、含有F4TCNQ及DDQ之至少1種更佳。
又,得到的薄膜用作為有機EL元件之電洞注入層時,若考量再現性佳地得到高壽命的元件、摻雜劑物質之取得容易性等,作為摻雜劑物質,以含鹵四氰基苯醌二甲烷及苯醌衍生物的至少1種與雜多元酸為佳、含鹵四氰基苯醌二甲烷及苯醌衍生物的至少1種與磷鎢酸及磷鉬酸之
至少1種更佳、含F4TCNQ及DDQ之至少1種與磷鎢酸再佳。
進一步,以得到的薄膜用作為有機EL元件之
電洞注入層時,若考量再現性佳地得到高壽命的元件,本發明之電荷輸送性塗漆以含有機矽烷化合物為佳。
有機矽烷化合物,可舉例如二烷氧基矽烷化合物、三烷氧基矽烷化合物或四烷氧基矽烷化合物,此等可單獨使用或2種以上組合使用。
尤其,作為有機矽烷化合物,以二烷氧基矽烷化合物或三烷氧基矽烷化合物為佳、三烷氧基矽烷化合物更佳。
此等之烷氧基矽烷化合物,可舉例如式(5)~(7)所表示者。
Si(OR)4 (5)
SiR'(OR)3 (6)
Si(R')2(OR)2 (7)
式中,R各自獨立,為被Z1取代亦可的碳數1~20之烷基、被Z1取代亦可的碳數2~20之烯基、被Z1取代亦可的碳數2~20之炔基、被Z2取代亦可的碳數6~20之芳基、或被Z2取代亦可的碳數2~20之雜芳基,R'各自獨立,為被Z3取代亦可的碳數1~20之烷基、被Z3取代亦可的碳數2~20之烯基、被Z3取代亦可的碳數2~20之炔基、被Z4取代亦可的碳數6~20之芳基、或被Z4取代亦可的碳數2~20之雜芳基。
Z1為鹵素原子、被Z5取代亦可的碳數6~20之芳基、或被Z5取代亦可的碳數2~20之雜芳基,Z2為鹵素
原子、被Z5取代亦可的碳數1~20之烷基、被Z5取代亦可的碳數2~20之烯基、或被Z5取代亦可的碳數2~20之炔基。
Z3為鹵素原子、被Z5取代亦可的碳數6~20之
芳基、被Z5取代亦可的碳數2~20之雜芳基、環氧基環己基、環氧丙氧基、甲基丙烯醯氧基、丙烯醯氧基、脲基(-NHCONH2)、硫醇基、異氰酸酯基(-NCO)、胺基、-NHY1基、或-NY2Y3基,Z4為鹵素原子、被Z5取代亦可的碳數1~20之烷基、被Z5取代亦可的碳數2~20之烯基、被Z5取代亦可的碳數2~20之炔基、環氧基環己基、環氧丙氧基、甲基丙烯醯氧基、丙烯醯氧基、脲基(-NHCONH2)、硫醇基、異氰酸酯基(-NCO)、胺基、-NHY1基、或-NY2Y3基,Y1~Y3各自獨立,為被Z5取代亦可的碳數1~20之烷基、被Z5取代亦可的碳數2~20之烯基、被Z5取代亦可的碳數2~20之炔基、被Z5取代亦可的碳數6~20之芳基、或被Z5取代亦可的碳數2~20之雜芳基。
Z5為鹵素原子、胺基、硝基、氰基或硫醇基。
式(5)~(7)中之鹵素原子、碳數1~20之烷基、
碳數2~20之烯基、碳數2~20之炔基、碳數6~20之芳基、及碳數2~20之雜芳基,可舉例如同上述者。
R及R'中,烷基、烯基及炔基的碳數較佳為10以下、更佳為6以下、再佳為4以下。
又,芳基及雜芳基的碳數較佳為14以下、更佳為10以下、再佳為6以下。
作為R,以被Z1取代亦可的碳數1~20之烷基
或者碳數2~20之烯基、或被Z2取代亦可的碳數6~20之芳基為佳、被Z1取代亦可的碳數1~6之烷基或者碳數2~6之烯基、或被Z2取代亦可的苯基更佳、被Z2取代亦可的碳數1~4之烷基或被Z2取代亦可的苯基又更佳、被Z1取代亦可的甲基或乙基再更佳。
又,R'方面,以被Z3取代亦可的碳數1~20之烷基或被Z4取代亦可的碳數6~20之芳基為佳、被Z3取代亦可的碳數1~10之烷基或被Z4取代亦可的碳數6~14之芳基更佳、被Z3取代亦可的碳數1~6之烷基、或被Z4取代亦可的碳數6~10之芳基又更佳、被Z3取代亦可的碳數1~4之烷基或被Z4取代亦可的苯基再更佳。
又,複數的R可全相同或相異,複數的R′亦可全相同或相異。
Z1方面,以鹵素原子或被Z5取代亦可的碳數
6~20之芳基為佳、氟原子或被Z5取代亦可的苯基更佳、不存在(即,無取代)為最佳。
又,Z2方面,以鹵素原子或被Z5取代亦可的碳數6~20之烷基為佳、氟原子或被Z5取代亦可的碳數1~10烷基更佳、不存在(即,無取代)為最佳。
另一方面,Z3方面,以鹵素原子、被Z5取代
亦可的苯基、被Z5取代亦可的呋喃基、環氧基環己基、環氧丙氧基、甲基丙烯醯氧基、丙烯醯氧基、脲基、硫醇基、異氰酸酯基、胺基、被Z5取代亦可的苯基胺基、或
被Z5取代亦可的二苯基胺基為佳、鹵素原子更佳、氟原子、或不存在(即,無取代)再更佳。
又,Z4方面,以鹵素原子、被Z5取代亦可的碳數1~20之烷基、被Z5取代亦可的呋喃基、環氧基環己基、環氧丙氧基、甲基丙烯醯氧基、丙烯醯氧基、脲基、硫醇基、異氰酸酯基、胺基、被Z5取代亦可的苯基胺基、或被Z5取代亦可的二苯基胺基為佳、鹵素原子更佳、氟原子、或不存在(即,無取代)再更佳。
而,Z5方面,以鹵素原子為佳、氟原子或不存在(即,無取代)更佳。
以下,列舉本發明可使用的有機矽烷化合物
的具體例,但不限於此等。
二烷氧基矽烷化合物的具體例,可舉例如二甲基二甲氧基矽烷、二甲基二乙氧基矽烷、甲基乙基二甲氧基矽烷、二乙基二甲氧基矽烷、二乙基二乙氧基矽烷、甲基丙基二甲氧基矽烷、甲基丙基二乙氧基矽烷、二異丙基二甲氧基矽烷、苯基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、乙烯基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、3-環氧丙氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、3-環氧丙氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基矽烷、3-(3,4-環氧基環己基)乙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、3-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、3-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基矽烷、3-巰基丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、γ-胺基丙基甲基二乙氧基矽烷、N-(2-胺基乙基)胺基丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、3,3,3-三氟丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷等。
三烷氧基矽烷化合物的具體例,可舉例如甲
基三甲氧基矽烷、甲基三乙氧基矽烷、乙基三甲氧基矽烷、乙基三乙氧基矽烷、丙基三甲氧基矽烷、丙基三乙氧基矽烷、丁基三甲氧基矽烷、丁基三乙氧基矽烷、戊基三甲氧基矽烷、戊基三乙氧基矽烷、庚基三甲氧基矽烷、庚基三乙氧基矽烷、辛基三甲氧基矽烷、辛基三乙氧基矽烷、十二烷基三甲氧基矽烷、十二烷基三乙氧基矽烷、十六基三甲氧基矽烷、十六基三乙氧基矽烷、十八烷基三甲氧基矽烷、十八烷基三乙氧基矽烷、苯基三甲氧基矽烷、苯基三乙氧基矽烷、乙烯基三甲氧基矽烷、乙烯基三乙氧基矽烷、3-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-胺基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、3-環氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-環氧丙氧基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、3-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、三乙氧基(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)矽烷、十二烷基三乙氧基矽烷、3,3,3-三氟丙基三甲氧基矽烷、(三乙氧基矽烷基)環己烷、全氟辛基乙基三乙氧基矽烷、三乙氧基氟矽烷、十三氟-1,1,2,2-四氫辛基三乙氧基矽烷、五氟苯基三甲氧基矽烷、五氟苯基三乙氧基矽烷、3-(七氟異丙氧基)丙基三乙氧基矽烷、十七氟-1,1,2,2-四氫癸基三乙氧基矽烷、三乙氧基-2-噻吩基矽烷、3-(三乙氧基矽烷基)呋喃等。
四烷氧基矽烷化合物的具體例,可舉例如四
乙氧基矽烷、四甲氧基矽烷、四丙氧基矽烷等。
此等中,以3,3,3-三氟丙基甲基二甲氧基矽
烷、三乙氧基(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)矽烷、3,3,3-三氟丙基三甲氧基矽烷、全氟辛基乙基三乙氧基矽烷、五氟苯基三甲氧基矽烷、五氟苯基三乙氧基矽烷為佳。
本發明之電荷輸送性塗漆含有有機矽烷化合
物之場合,其含量,相對電荷輸送性物質(含有摻雜劑物質時為電荷輸送性物質及摻雜劑物質)之總質量,通常為0.1~50質量%程度,但若考量抑制得到的薄膜之電荷輸送性的降低,且提高對上述陰極側以電洞注入層相接而層合之層的電洞注入能力,較佳為0.5~40質量%程度、更佳為0.8~30質量%程度、再佳為1~20質量%程度。
又,本發明之電荷輸送性塗漆中,除上述苯
胺衍生物所構成的電荷輸送性物質外,亦可使用習知的其他電荷輸送性物質。
調製電荷輸送性塗漆時所使用的有機溶劑方
面,可使用可將電荷輸送性物質及摻雜劑物質良好地溶解之高溶解性溶劑。
如此之高溶解性溶劑,可舉例如環己酮、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、N,N-二甲基異丁基醯胺、N-甲基吡咯啶酮、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、二乙二醇單甲基醚等之有機溶劑,但不限於此等。此等之溶劑可1種單獨或2種以上混合使用,其使用量,相對塗漆使用之溶劑全體,可為5~100質量%。
又,電荷輸送性物質及摻雜劑物質以皆完全溶於上述溶劑、或成為均勻分散狀態為佳、以完全溶解更佳。
又,本發明中,藉由塗漆中含有至少1種在
25℃具有10~200mPa.s、尤其35~150mPa.s之黏度且在常壓(大氣壓)沸點50~300℃、尤其150~250℃之高黏度有機溶劑,塗漆之黏度的調整變得容易,結果,可再現性佳地得到平坦性高的薄膜、可因應使用的塗佈方法調製塗漆。
作為高黏度有機溶劑,可舉例如環己醇、乙二醇、乙二醇二縮水甘油基醚、1,3-辛二醇、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、三乙二醇、三丙二醇、1,3-丁烷二醇、2,3-丁烷二醇、1,4-丁烷二醇、丙二醇、己二醇等。此等之溶劑可1種單獨或2種以上混合使用。
相對於本發明的塗漆所使用的溶劑全體之高黏度有機溶劑之添加比例,以固體不析出的範圍內為佳,在固體不析出的範圍下,添加比例以5~80質量%為佳。
進而,以對基板之濕潤性的提升、溶劑之表
面張力的調整、極性的調整、沸點的調整等的目的,相對塗漆使用之溶劑全體,為1~90質量%、更佳為1~50質量%的比例混合其他的溶劑。
如此之溶劑,可舉例如丙二醇單甲基醚、乙二醇單丁基醚、二乙二醇二乙基醚、二乙二醇二甲基醚、二乙二醇單乙基醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇單丁基醚乙酸酯、二丙二醇單甲基醚、丙二醇單甲基醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇單乙基醚、二丙酮醇、γ-丁內酯、乙基乳酸酯、n-己基乙酸酯等,但不限於此等。此等之溶劑可1種單獨或2種以上混合使用。
本發明的塗漆之黏度為因應製作的薄膜之厚
度等或固形分濃度適宜設定者,但通常在25℃為1~50mPa.s。
又,本發明中之電荷輸送性塗漆之固形分濃度,為考量塗漆之黏度及表面張力等或製作的薄膜之厚度等而適宜設定者,但通常為0.1~10.0質量%程度,若考量提升塗漆之塗佈性,較佳為0.5~5.0質量%程度、更佳為1.0~3.0質量%程度。
電荷輸送性塗漆的調製法方面,雖未特別限
制,可舉例如將本發明之苯胺衍生物溶於高溶解性溶劑、於其中添加高黏度有機溶劑之手法或混合高溶解性溶劑與高黏度有機溶劑,並於其中溶解本發明之苯胺衍生物之手法。
本發明中,電荷輸送性塗漆,由可良好再現
性得到平坦性更高的薄膜之觀點,以將電荷輸送性物質、摻雜劑物質等溶於有機溶劑後,使用次微米等級之過濾器等進行過濾為宜。
藉由將以上說明的電荷輸送性塗漆塗佈於基
材上後進行燒成,可於基材上形成電荷輸送性薄膜。
塗漆之塗佈方法方面,非特別限定者,可舉例如浸漬法、旋轉塗佈法、轉印印刷法、輥塗法、刷毛塗佈、噴墨法、噴霧法、狹縫塗佈法等,以因應塗佈方法調整塗漆之黏度及表面張力為佳。
又,使用本發明之塗漆時,燒成環境亦無特
別限定,不僅大氣環境,在氮等之惰性氣體或真空中亦可
得到具有均勻成膜面及電荷輸送性之薄膜,但若考量再現性佳地得到高電荷輸送性薄膜,以大氣環境為佳。
燒成溫度,考量得到的薄膜之用途、賦予得
到的薄膜之電荷輸送性的程度、溶劑的種類或沸點等,有在100~260℃程度範圍內適宜設定者,但得到的薄膜用作為有機EL元件之電洞注入層時,以140~250℃程度為佳、145~240℃程度更佳。
又,燒成時,以表現更高的均勻成膜性、在基材上進行反應之目的,可設置2階段以上之溫度變化,加熱,例如可使用加熱板或烤箱等適當的機器進行。
電荷輸送性薄膜之膜厚,雖不特別限定,在
有機EL元件內用作為電洞注入層的場合,以5~200nm為佳。改變膜厚之方法方面,有使塗漆中之固形分濃度改變、使塗佈時之基板上的溶液量改變等的方法。
本發明之電荷輸送性薄膜,在有機EL元件
中,可宜用作為電洞注入層,但亦可用作為電洞注入輸送層等之電荷輸送性機能層。
使用本發明的電荷輸送性塗漆,製作OLED
元件場合的使用材料或製作方法方面,可舉例如下述般者,但不限於此等。
使用的電極基板,以預先進行洗劑、醇、純水等之液體洗淨進行淨化為佳,例如在陽極基板以使用前進行UV臭氧處理、氧-電漿處理等的表面處理為佳。但陽極材料以有機物為主成分之場合,可不進行表面處理。
具有由本發明之電荷輸送性塗漆得到的薄膜
所構成的電洞注入層之OLED元件之製作方法例如下。
藉由上述方法,於陽極基板上塗佈本發明之電荷輸送性塗漆進行燒成,於電極上製作電洞注入層。將其導入真空蒸鍍裝置內,依序蒸鍍電洞輸送層、發光層、電子輸送層、電子輸送層/電洞阻隔層、陰極金屬,作成OLED元件。又,因應必要,可於發光層與電洞輸送層間設置電子阻隔層。
陽極材料方面,可舉例如銦錫氧化物(ITO)、銦鋅氧化物(IZO)所代表之透明電極、或由鋁所代表之金屬或此等之合金等所構成的金屬陽極,以經平坦化處理者為佳。
亦可使用具有高電荷輸送性之聚噻吩衍生物或聚苯胺衍生物。
又,構成金屬陽極的其他的金屬方面,可舉例如鈧、鈦、釩、鉻、錳、鐵、鈷、鎳、銅、鋅、鎵、釔、鋯、鈮、鉬、釕、銠、鈀、鎘、銦、鈧、鑭、鈰、鐠、釹、鉅、釤、銪、釓、鋱、鏑、鈥、鉺、銩、鐿、鉿、鉈、鎢、錸、鋨、銥、鉑、金、鈦、鉛、鉍或此等之合金等,但不限於此等。
形成電洞輸送層的材料方面,可舉例如(三苯
基胺)二聚物衍生物、[(三苯基胺)二聚物]螺二聚物、N,N'-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺(α-NPD)、N,N'-雙(萘-2-基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺、N,N'-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺、N,N'-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-9,9-
螺二芴、N,N'-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-9,9-螺二芴、N,N'-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-9,9-二甲基-芴、N,N'-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-9,9-二甲基-芴、N,N'-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-9,9-二苯基-芴、N,N'-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-9,9-二苯基-芴、N,N'-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-2,2'-二甲基聯苯胺、2,2',7,7'-四(N,N-二苯基胺基)-9,9-螺二芴、9,9-雙[4-(N,N-雙-聯苯基-4-基-胺基)苯基]-9H-芴、9,9-雙[4-(N,N-雙-萘-2-基-胺基)苯基]-9H-芴、9,9-雙[4-(N-萘-1-基-N-苯基胺基)-苯基]-9H-芴、2,2',7,7'-四[N-萘基(苯基)-胺基]-9,9-螺二芴、N,N'-雙(菲-9-基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺、2,2'-雙[N,N-雙(聯苯基-4-基)胺基]-9,9-螺二芴、2,2'-雙(N,N-二苯基胺基)-9,9-螺二芴、二-[4-(N,N-二(p-甲苯基)胺基)-苯基]環己烷、2,2',7,7'-四(N,N-二(p-甲苯基))胺基-9,9-螺二芴、N,N,N',N'-四-萘-2-基-聯苯胺、N,N,N',N'-四-(3-甲基苯基)-3,3'-二甲基聯苯胺、N,N'-二(萘基)-N,N'-二(萘-2-基)-聯苯胺、N,N,N',N'-四(萘基)-聯苯胺、N,N'-二(萘-2-基)-N,N'-二苯基聯苯胺-1,4-二胺、N1,N4-二苯基-N1,N4-二(m-甲苯基)苯-1,4-二胺、N2,N2,N6,N6-四苯基萘-2,6-二胺、三(4-(喹啉-8-基)苯基)胺、2,2'-雙(3-(N,N-二(p-甲苯基)胺基)苯基)聯苯、4,4',4"-三[3-甲基苯基(苯基)胺基]三苯基胺(m-MTDATA)、4,4',4"-三[1-萘基(苯基)胺基]三苯基胺(1-TNATA)等的三芳基胺類、5,5"-雙-{4-[雙(4-甲基苯基)胺基]苯基}-2,2':5',2"-三聯噻吩(BMA-3T)等的寡噻吩類等。
形成發光層的材料方面,可舉例如三(8-羥基
喹啉)鋁(III)(Alq3)、雙(8-羥基喹啉)鋅(II)(Znq2)、雙(2-甲基-8-羥基喹啉)(p-苯基酚鹽)鋁(III)(BAlq)、4,4'-雙(2,2-二苯基乙烯基)聯苯、9,10-二(萘-2-基)蒽、2-t-丁基-9,10-二(萘-2-基)蒽、2,7-雙[9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)-芴-2-基]-9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)芴、2-甲基-9,10-雙(萘-2-基)蒽、2-(9,9-螺二芴-2-基)-9,9-螺二芴、2,7-雙(9,9-螺二芴-2-基)-9,9-螺二芴、2-[9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)-芴-2-基]-9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)芴、2,2'-二芘基-9,9-螺二芴、1,3,5-三(芘-1-基)苯、9,9-雙[4-(芘基)苯基]-9H-芴、2,2'-二(9,10-二苯基蒽)、2,7-二芘基-9,9-螺二芴、1,4-二(芘-1-基)苯、1,3-二(芘-1-基)苯、6,13-二(聯苯基-4-基)五環素、3,9-二(萘-2-基)苝、3,10-二(萘-2-基)苝、三[4-(芘基)-苯基]胺、10,10'-二(聯苯基-4-基)-9,9'-二蒽、N,N'-二(萘-1-基)-N,N'-二苯基-[1,1':4',1":4",1'''-四聯苯基]-4,4'''-二胺、4,4'-二[10-(萘-1-基)蒽-9-基]聯苯、二苯並{[F,F']-4,4',7,7'-四苯基}二茚并[1,2,3-cd:1',2',3'-lm]苝、1-(7-(9,9'-二蒽-10-基)-9,9-二甲基-9H-芴-2-基)芘、1-(7-(9,9'-二蒽-10-基)-9,9-二己基-9H-芴-2-基)芘、1,3-雙(咔唑-9-基)苯、1,3,5-三(咔唑-9-基)苯、4,4',4"-三(咔唑-9-基)三苯基胺、4,4'-雙(咔唑-9-基)聯苯基(CBP)、4,4'-雙(咔唑-9-基)-2,2'-二甲基聯苯、2,7-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-二甲基芴、2,2',7,7'-四(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-螺二芴、2,7-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-二(p-甲苯基)芴、9,9-雙[4-(咔唑-9-基)-苯基]芴、2,7-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-螺二芴、1,4-
雙(三苯基矽烷基)苯、1,3-雙(三苯基矽烷基)苯、雙(4-N,N-二乙基胺基-2-甲基苯基)-4-甲基苯基甲烷、2,7-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-二辛基芴、4,4"-二(三苯基矽烷基)-p-三聯苯、4,4'-二(三苯基矽烷基)聯苯、9-(4-t-丁基苯基)-3,6-雙(三苯基矽烷基)-9H-咔唑、9-(4-t-丁基苯基)-3,6-二三苯甲基-9H-咔唑、9-(4-t-丁基苯基)-3,6-雙(9-(4-甲氧基苯基)-9H-芴-9-基)-9H-咔唑、2,6-雙(3-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基)吡啶、三苯基(4-(9-苯基-9H-芴-9-基)苯基)矽烷、9,9-二甲基-N,N-二苯基-7-(4-(1-苯基-1H-苯並[d]咪唑-2-基)苯基)-9H-芴-2-胺、3,5-雙(3-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基)吡啶、9,9-螺二芴-2-基-二苯基-膦氧化物、9,9'-(5-(三苯基矽烷基)-1,3-伸苯基)雙(9H-咔唑)、3-(2,7-雙(二苯基磷醯基)-9-苯基-9H-芴-9-基)-9-苯基-9H-咔唑、4,4,8,8,12,12-六(p-甲苯基)-4H-8H-12H-12C-氮雜二苯並[cd,mn]芘、4,7-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)-1,10-菲繞啉、2,2'-雙(4-(咔唑-9-基)苯基)聯苯、2,8-雙(二苯基磷醯基)二苯並[b,d]噻吩、雙(2-甲基苯基)二苯基矽烷、雙[3,5-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基]二苯基矽烷、3,6-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9-(2-乙基-己基)-9H-咔唑、3-(二苯基磷醯基)-9-(4-(二苯基磷醯基)苯基)-9H-咔唑、3,6-雙[(3,5-二苯基)苯基]-9-苯基咔唑等,可藉由與發光性摻雜劑共蒸鍍,形成發光層。
發光性摻雜劑方面,可舉例如3-(2-苯並噻唑
基)-7-(二乙基胺基)香豆素、2,3,6,7-四氫-1,1,7,7-四甲基-1H,5H,11H-10-(2-苯並噻唑基)喹嗪并[9,9a,1gh]香豆素、
喹吖啶酮、N,N'-二甲基-喹吖啶酮、三(2-苯基吡啶)銥(III)(Ir(ppy)3)、雙(2-苯基吡啶)(乙醯基丙酮)銥(III)(Ir(ppy)2(acac))、三[2-(p-甲苯基)吡啶]銥(III)(Ir(mppy)3)、9,10-雙[N,N-二(p-甲苯基)胺基]蒽、9,10-雙[苯基(m-甲苯基)胺基]蒽、雙[2-(2-羥基苯基)苯並thiazolato]鋅(II)、N10,N10,N10,N10-四(p-甲苯基)-9,9'-二蒽-10,10'-二胺、N10,N10,N10,N10-四苯基-9,9'-二蒽-10,10'-二胺、N10,N10-二苯基-N10,N10-二萘基-9,9'-二蒽-10,10'-二胺、4,4'-雙(9-乙基-3-咔唑伸乙烯基)-1,1'-聯苯、苝、2,5,8,11-四-t-丁基苝、1,4-雙[2-(3-N-乙基咔唑)乙烯基]苯、4,4'-雙[4-(二-p-甲苯基胺基)苯乙烯基]聯苯、4-(二-p-甲苯基胺基)-4'-[(二-p-甲苯基胺基)苯乙烯基]茋、雙[3,5-二氟-2-(2-吡啶基)苯基-(2-羧基吡啶基)]銥(III)、4,4'-雙[4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基]聯苯、雙(2,4-二氟苯基吡啶)四(1-吡唑基)硼酸酯銥(III)、N,N'-雙(萘-2-基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-三(9,9-二甲基伸芴基)、2,7-雙{2-[苯基(m-甲苯基)胺基]-9,9-二甲基-芴-7-基}-9,9-二甲基-芴、N-(4-((E)-2-(6((E)-4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基)萘-2-基)乙烯基)苯基)-N-苯基苯胺、fac-銥(III)參(1-苯基-3-甲基苯並咪唑啉-2-叉-C,C2)、mer-銥(III)參(1-苯基-3-甲基苯並咪唑啉-2-叉-C,C2)、2,7-雙[4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基]-9,9-螺二芴、6-甲基-2-(4-(9-(4-(6-甲基苯並[d]噻唑-2-基)苯基)蒽-10-基)苯基)苯並[d]噻唑、1,4-二[4-(N,N-二苯基)胺基]苯乙烯基苯、1,4-雙(4-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯乙烯基)苯、(E)-6-(4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基)-N,N-二苯
基萘-2-胺、雙(2,4-二氟苯基吡啶)(5-(吡啶-2-基)-1H-四唑)銥(III)、雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶基)吡唑)((2,4-二氟苄基)二苯基亞膦酸酯)銥(III)、雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶基)吡唑特)(苄基二苯基亞膦酸酯)銥(III)、雙(1-(2,4-二氟苄基)-3-甲基苯並咪唑鎓)(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑)銥(III)、雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶基)吡唑特)(4',6'-二氟苯基吡啶酯)銥(III)、雙(4',6'-二氟苯基吡啶)(3,5-雙(三氟甲基)-2-(2'-吡啶基)吡咯)銥(III)、雙(4',6'-二氟苯基吡啶)(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑)銥(III)、(Z)-6-均三甲苯基-N-(6-均三甲苯基喹啉-2(1H)-叉)喹啉-2-胺-BF2、(E)-2-(2-(4-(二甲基胺基)苯乙烯基)-6-甲基-4H-哌喃-4-叉)丙二腈、4-(二氰基伸甲基)-2-甲基-6-久洛尼定基-9-烯基-4H-哌喃、4-(二氰基伸甲基)-2-甲基-6-(1,1,7,7-四甲基久洛尼定基-9-烯基)-4H-哌喃、4-(二氰基伸甲基)-2-t-丁基-6-(1,1,7,7-四甲基久洛尼定基-4-基-乙烯基)-4H-哌喃、三(二苯甲醯基甲烷)菲繞啉銪(III)、5,6,11,12-四苯基丁省、雙(2-苯並[b]噻吩-2-基-吡啶)(乙醯基丙酮)銥(III)、三(1-苯基異喹啉)銥(III)、雙(1-苯基異喹啉)(乙醯基丙酮)銥(III)、雙[1-(9,9-二甲基-9H-芴-2-基)-異喹啉](乙醯基丙酮)銥(III)、雙[2-(9,9-二甲基-9H-芴-2-基)喹啉](乙醯基丙酮)銥(III)、三[4,4'-二-t-丁基-(2,2')-二吡啶]釕(III).雙(六氟磷酸酯)、三(2-苯基喹啉)銥(III)、雙(2-苯基喹啉)(乙醯基丙酮)銥(III)、2,8-二-t-丁基-5,11-雙(4-t-丁基苯基)-6,12-二苯基四並苯、雙(2-苯基苯並thiazolato)(乙醯基丙酮)銥
(III)、5,10,15,20-四苯基四苯並卟啉白金、鋨(II)雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶)-吡唑特)二甲基苯基膦、鋨(II)雙(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(4-t-丁基吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑)二苯基甲基膦、鋨(II)雙(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑)二甲基苯基膦、鋨(II)雙(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(4-t-丁基吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑)二甲基苯基膦、雙[2-(4-n-己基苯基)喹啉](乙醯基丙酮)銥(III)、三[2-(4-n-己基苯基)喹啉]銥(III)、三[2-苯基-4-甲基喹啉]銥(III)、雙(2-苯基喹啉)(2-(3-甲基苯基)吡啶酯)銥(III)、雙(2-(9,9-二乙基-芴-2-基)-1-苯基-1H-苯並[d]咪唑(imidazolato)(乙醯基丙酮)銥(III)、雙(2-苯基吡啶)(3-(吡啶-2-基)-2H-色烯-2-歐尼)銥(III)、雙(2-苯基喹啉)(2,2,6,6-四甲基庚烷-3,5-二歐尼)銥(III)、雙(苯基異喹啉)(2,2,6,6-四甲基庚烷-3,5-二歐尼)銥(III)、銥(III)雙(4-苯基噻吩並[3,2-c]吡啶-N,C2)乙醯基丙酮、(E)-2-(2-t-丁基-6-(2-(2,6,6-三甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫-1H-吡咯并[3,2,1-iJ]喹啉-8-基)乙烯基)-4H-哌喃-4-叉)丙二腈、雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(1-異喹啉基)吡唑特)(甲基二苯基膦)釕、雙[(4-n-己基苯基)異喹啉](乙醯基丙酮)銥(III)、白金(II)八乙基卟吩、雙(2-甲基二苯並[f,h]喹喔啉)(乙醯基丙酮)銥(III)、三[(4-n-己基苯基)羥基喹啉]銥(III)等。
形成電子輸送層/電洞阻隔層之材料方面,可
舉例如8-羥基喹啉-鋰、2,2',2"-(1,3,5-苄基甲苯基)-三(1-苯基-1-H-苯並咪唑)、2-(4-聯苯基)5-(4-t-丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑、2,9-二甲基-4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲繞啉、4,7-二苯基
-1,10-菲繞啉、雙(2-甲基-8-喹啉)-4-(苯基酚化物)鋁、1,3-雙[2-(2,2'-二吡啶-6-基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-5-基]苯、6,6'-雙[5-(聯苯基-4-基)-1,3,4-噁二唑2-基]-2,2'-二吡啶、3-(4-聯苯基)-4-苯基-5-t-丁基苯基-1,2,4-三唑、4-(萘-1-基)-3,5-二苯基-4H-1,2,4-三唑、2,9-雙(萘-2-基)-4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲繞啉、2,7-雙[2-(2,2'-二吡啶-6-基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-5-基]-9,9-二甲基芴、1,3-雙[2-(4-t-丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-5-基]苯、三(2,4,6-三甲基-3-(吡啶-3-基)苯基)硼烷、1-甲基-2-(4-(萘-2-基)苯基)-1H-咪唑[4,5F][1,10]菲繞啉、2-(萘-2-基)-4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲繞啉、苯基-二芘基膦氧化物、3,3',5,5'-四[(m-吡啶基)-苯-3-基]聯苯、1,3,5-三[(3-吡啶基)-苯-3-基]苯、4,4'-雙(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)聯苯、1,3-雙[3,5-二(吡啶-3-基)苯基]苯、雙(10-羥基苯並[h]喹啉)鈹、二苯基雙(4-(吡啶-3-基)苯基)矽烷、3,5-二(芘-1-基)吡啶等。
形成電子注入層的材料方面,可舉例如氧化
鋰(Li2O)、氧化鎂(MgO)、氧化鋁(Al2O3)、氟化鋰(LiF)、氟化鈉(NaF)、氟化鎂(MgF2)、氟化銫(CsF)、氟化鍶(SrF2)、三氧化鉬(MoO3)、鋁、Li(acac)、乙酸鋰、安息香酸鋰等。
陰極材料方面,可舉例如鋁、鎂-銀合金、鋁-鋰合金、鋰、鈉、鉀、銫等。
形成電子阻隔層的材料方面,可舉例如三(苯基吡唑)銥等。
使用本發明的電荷輸送性塗漆之PLED元件
的製作方法,雖不特別限定,可舉例如以下的方法。
上述OLED元件製作中,取代進行電洞輸送層、發光層、電子輸送層、電子注入層之真空蒸鍍操作,藉由依序形成電洞輸送性高分子層、發光性高分子層,可製作具有以本發明的電荷輸送性塗漆形成的電荷輸送性薄膜之PLED元件。
具體上,於陽極基板上塗佈本發明的電荷輸送性塗漆,以上述方法製作電洞注入層,於其上,依序形成電洞輸送性高分子層、發光性高分子層,進而蒸鍍陰極,作成PLED元件。
使用的陰極及陽極材料方面,可使用與上述
OLED元件製作時同樣者,且可進行同樣的洗淨處理、表面處理。
電洞輸送性高分子層及發光性高分子層之形成法方面,可舉例如於電洞輸送性高分子材料或者發光性高分子材料、或此等中加入有摻雜劑物質之材料,添加溶劑進行溶解、或均勻分散,並於電洞注入層或電洞輸送性高分子層之上塗佈後,各自燒成進行成膜之方法。
電洞輸送性高分子材料方面,可舉例如聚
[(9,9-二己基芴基-2,7-二基)-co-(N,N'-雙{p-丁基苯基}-1,4-二胺基伸苯基)]、聚[(9,9-二辛基芴基-2,7-二基)-co-(N,N'-雙{p-丁基苯基}-1,1'-伸二苯基-4,4-二胺)]、聚[(9,9-雙{1'-戊烯-5'-基}芴基-2,7-二基)-co-(N,N'-雙{p-丁基苯基}-1,4-
二胺基伸苯基)]、聚[N,N'-雙(4-丁基苯基)-N,N'-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺]-以聚倍半矽氧烷封端、聚[(9,9-二辛基芴基-2,7-二基)-co-(4,4'-(N-(p-丁基苯基))二苯基胺)]等。
發光性高分子材料方面,可舉例如聚(9,9-二
烷基芴)(PDAF)等的聚芴衍生物、聚(2-甲氧基-5-(2'-乙基己氧基)-1,4-伸苯基伸乙烯基)(MEH-PPV)等的聚伸苯基伸乙烯基衍生物、聚(3-烷基噻吩)(PAT)等的聚噻吩衍生物、聚乙烯基咔唑(PVCz)等。
溶劑方面,可舉例如甲苯、二甲苯、氯仿
等,作為溶解或均勻分散法,可舉例如攪拌、加熱攪拌、超音波分散等的方法。
塗佈方法方面,非特別限定者,可舉例如噴墨法、噴霧法、浸漬法、旋轉塗佈法、轉印印刷法、輥塗法、刷毛塗佈等。又,塗佈以在氮、氬等的惰性氣體下進行為佳。
燒成方法方面,可舉例如惰性氣體下或真空中,以烤箱或加熱板進行加熱之方法。
又,不僅由上述說明之電荷輸送性塗漆得到
的電荷輸送性薄膜,由本發明的苯胺衍生物所得到的蒸鍍膜電荷輸送性亦優異,依用途亦可使用以蒸鍍法得到的電荷輸送性薄膜。
以下、舉製造例及實施例將本發明更具體說
明,但本發明不限於下述實施例。又,使用的裝置如下。
(1)1H-NMR:日本電子(股)製JNM-ECP300 FT NMR SYSTEM
(2)MALDI-TOF-MS:Bruker公司製、autoflex III smartbeam
(3)基板洗淨:長州產業(股)製 基板洗淨裝置(減壓電漿方式)
(4)塗漆之塗佈:Mikasa(股)製 旋轉塗佈機MS-A100
(5)膜厚測定:(股)小坂研究所製 微細形狀測定機Surfcorder ET-4000
(6)EL元件之製作:長州產業(股)製 多機能蒸鍍裝置系統C-E2L1G1-N
(7)EL元件的亮度等之測定:(有)TEC-World製I-V-L測定系統
將p-苯二胺0.501g、3-溴-9-苯基-9H-咔唑
6.26g、Pd(dba)2 0.107g、及t-丁氧基鈉2.23g置入反應容器,將容器內進行氮取代後,加入甲苯25mL及另外準備的三-t-丁基膦之甲苯溶液1.0mL(濃度:72g/L),在50℃進行3小時攪拌。將反應液過濾,於得到的物中加入離子交換水並攪拌,進行過濾。將得到的過濾物以甲醇洗淨後,加入1,4-二噁烷,加熱迴流條件下使溶解,加入活性碳0.3g後進行30分鐘攪拌。將活性碳以過濾除去,使濾液滴下至甲醇中,在室溫進行30分鐘攪拌。將得到的漿體溶液過濾後,使過濾物乾燥。於乾燥後的粉末加入乙酸n-丙基酯5g及1,4-二噁烷22g,在加熱迴流條件下進行攪拌。確認溶解後,放冷至室溫,直接進行一晚攪拌後,進行過濾、乾燥,得到目的之苯胺衍生物1(3.11g,收率63%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,THF-d8)δ[ppm]:7.99-8.03
(m,8H),7.55-7.66(m,16H),7.42-7.48(m,4H),7.28-7.37(m,16H),7.14(td,J=6.8,1.5Hz,4H),7.01(s,4H)。
MALDI-TOF-MS m/Z found:1072.37([M]+calcd:1072.43)。
將電荷輸送性物質之苯胺衍生物1 0.088g、摻雜劑物
質之磷鎢酸(PTA)0.202g及四氟四氰基苯醌二甲烷(F4TCNQ)0.114g溶於1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮(DMI)14.0g。於其中加入2,3-丁二醇4.0g及丙二醇單甲基醚(PGME)2.0g,進行攪拌,再於其中加入3,3,3-三氟丙基三甲氧基矽烷(信越化學工業(股)製)0.007g及苯基三甲氧基矽烷(信越化學工業(股)製)0.013g進行攪拌,調製電荷輸送性塗漆。
將實施例1所得到的塗漆使用旋轉塗佈機塗佈於ITO基板後,在80℃進行1分鐘乾燥,進一步,大氣環境下、在150℃進行5分鐘燒成,於ITO基板上形成30nm之均勻薄膜。ITO基板方面,使用銦錫氧化物(ITO)於表面上以膜厚150nm圖型化的25mm×25mm×0.7t之玻璃基板,使用前以O2電漿洗淨裝置(150W、30秒鐘)除去表面上之雜質。
接著對形成薄膜的ITO基板,使用蒸鍍裝置(真空度1.0×10-5Pa),使α-NPD以0.2nm/秒進行30nm成膜。接著,共蒸鍍CBP與Ir(PPy)3。共蒸鍍為控制蒸鍍速度使Ir(PPy)3濃度成為6%,層合40nm。接著依序層合BAlq、氟化鋰及鋁之薄膜而得到有機EL元件。此時,蒸鍍速度各自以BAlq及鋁為0.2nm/秒、氟化鋰為0.02nm/秒之條件進行,膜厚各自為20nm、0.5nm及120nm。
又,為了防止空氣中之氧、水等之影響導致之特性劣化,有機EL元件以密封基板密封後,評估其特性。密封如以下順序進行。在氧濃度2ppm以下、露點-85℃以下之氮環境中,將有機EL元件收納於密封基板間,使密封基板以接著材((股)MORESCO製、MORESCO MOISTURE CUT WB90US(P))貼合。此時,將捕水劑(dynic(股)製,HD-071010W-40)與有機EL元件一同收納於密封基板內。對貼合的密封基板,照射UV光(波長:365nm、照射量:6,000mJ/cm2)後,在80℃進行1小時、退火處理,使接著材硬化。又,各元件的發光面尺寸面積為2mm×2mm。
對製作之元件,測定驅動電流0.7mA中之驅
動電壓、亮度及發光效率。結果如表1。
如表1所示,可知具有由本發明之電荷輸送
性塗漆所得到的電荷輸送性薄膜作為電洞注入層的有機EL元件,亮度特性優。
Claims (15)
- 如請求項1記載之苯胺衍生物,其中,前述R1~R4皆為氫原子。
- 如請求項1記載之苯胺衍生物,其中,前述Ar1皆為相同基(但,式(A5)所表示之基除外)。
- 一種電荷輸送性物質,其特徵係由請求項1~4中任一項記載之苯胺衍生物所構成。
- 一種電荷輸送性材料,其特徵係含有請求項5記載之電荷輸送性物質。
- 一種電荷輸送性塗漆,其特徵係含有請求項5記載之電荷輸送性物質與有機溶劑。
- 如請求項7記載之電荷輸送性塗漆,其係再含有摻雜劑物質。
- 如請求項8記載之電荷輸送性塗漆,其中,前述摻雜劑物質含有鹵四氰基苯醌二甲烷化合物。
- 如請求項9記載之電荷輸送性塗漆,其中,前述摻雜劑物質再含有雜多元酸。
- 一種電荷輸送性薄膜,其特徵係使用請求項7~10中任一項記載之電荷輸送性塗漆製作。
- 一種電子裝置,其特徵係具有請求項11記載之電荷輸送性薄膜。
- 一種有機電致發光元件,其特徵係具有請求項11記載之電荷輸送性薄膜。
- 一種電荷輸送性薄膜之製造方法,其特徵係將請求項7~10中任一項記載之電荷輸送性塗漆塗佈於基材上並使溶劑蒸發。
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