TWI690587B - 作為液晶介質組分的含茚環的化合物及液晶介質 - Google Patents
作為液晶介質組分的含茚環的化合物及液晶介質 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明關於一種作為液晶介質組分的含茚環的化合物。該化合物包含通式I-1或I-2結構。本發明還關於一種液晶介質,該液晶介質包含上述的作為液晶介質組分的含茚環的化合物。本發明通過對各種液晶化合物的優化組合及優選配比,並在通式Ⅰ所示的化合物引入茚環,提高了化合物的穩定性及清亮點。本發明液晶介質具有適當高清亮點、適當雙折射各向異性、高介電各向異性、低的旋轉粘度、快的響應速度的作用,特別適用於低盒厚,高顯示品質畫面的主動型矩陣MVA和PVA的液晶顯示元件和液晶顯示器。
Description
本發明是有關於一種含茚環的化合物,特別是指一種一種包含茚環的化合物的液晶介質,屬液晶顯示材料領域。
作為平板顯示技術的佼佼者,TFT-LCD目前已經逐漸佔據了顯示器領域的主導地位。TFT-LCD目前多用於對可視角度要求相當嚴格的高端領域,如航空航太、醫療、圖形圖像處理等。但在偏離垂直於顯示器法線方向觀察時,顯示畫面的對比度明顯下降,這嚴重影響了TFT-LCD的應用領域。
目前,較為熱門的廣視角技術主要有TN+Wide Film、VA(包括PVA、MVA、PSVA等)、IPS、FFS等。由於垂直取向的液晶顯示器有較高的對比度,快速響應等優異性能,因此,VA型液晶面板在目前的顯示器產品中應用較為廣泛,其中,以16.7M色彩和寬廣可視角度是它最為明顯的技術特點。
MVA(Multi-Domain Vertical Alignment,多象限垂直配向)技術,原理是增加突出物來形成多個可視區域。液晶分子在靜態的時候並不是完全垂直排列,在施加電壓後液晶分子呈水平排列,這樣光便可以通過各層。MVA技術將可視角度提高到160度以上,並且提供比IPS和TN+FILM更短的響應時間。這項技術由富士通公司開發,目前奇美、友達光電等面板廠都有獲得授權使用。
PVA則是三星推出的一種面板類型,它在富士通MVA面板的基礎上有了進一步發展和提高,是一種圖形垂直調整技術。該技術直接改變液晶單元結構,讓顯示效能大幅提升,以獲得優於MVA的亮度輸出和對比度。此外在這兩種類型基礎上,又衍生出改進型S-PVA和P-MVA兩種面板類型,主要是就色彩、響應時間和可視角度等方面繼續作出有效改善。
PVA採用透明的ITO層代替MVA中的凸起物,製造工藝與TN模式相容性較好。透明電極可以獲得更好的開口率,最大限度減少背光源的浪費。PVA和MVA比較一脈相承,在實際性能表現上兩者都是相當的。PVA也屬NB(常暗)模式液晶,在TFT受損壞而未能受電時,該像素呈現暗態。這種模式大大降低了液晶面板出現“亮度”的可能性。
CPA模式廣視角技術,嚴格來說也屬VA陣營的一員。在未加電狀態下,液晶分子跟VA模式是一貫特性,一樣都是分子長軸垂直於面板方向互相平行排列。當電壓加到液晶層的像素電極和另一面的電極上時,形成一個對角的電場驅使液晶分子向中心電極方向傾斜。各液晶分子朝著中心電極呈放射的焰火狀排列。由於像素電極上的電場是連續變化的,所以這種廣視角模式被稱作「連續焰火狀排列(CPA)」模式。在性能上,CPA模式與MVA基本相當,而且CPA也屬NB(常黑)模式,在未施加電情況下,屏幕為黑色;在生產導致TFT損壞時,也同樣不易產生“亮點”。
PSVA技術是由友達和默克共同合作開發的聚合物垂直排列技術,該技術主要由帶縫隙的TFT/ITO電極控制液晶傾倒,並於液晶材料中添加感光性高分子。在面板組成後,施加電場,使液晶傾倒,再利用紫外光使液晶內感光性單體反應,使液晶隨著電場驅動方向產生預傾角,達到多域(multi-domain)部分的特性。
隨著顯示技術的發展,人們對顯示器件的要求越來越高,提高液晶顯示器件的響應速度是實現這一要求的重要途徑,而液晶顯示器的響應速度主要受限於液晶介電各向異性、液晶盒的厚度以及液晶的旋轉粘度。因此研發新型液晶產品,降低液晶黏度、提高液晶負介電各向異性、增大液晶光學各向異性也變得越來越重要。
本發明針對上述現有技術的不足,提供一種作為液晶介質組分的含茚環的化合物。該化合物提高了穩定性,並且有效提高了清亮點。
因此,本發明之目的,即在提供一種作為液晶介質組分的含茚環的化合物。
於是,本發明一種作為液晶介質組分的含茚環的化合物,該化合物具有式Ⅰ-1或式Ⅰ-2結構: I-1;及 I-2其中,R1
為含有1~7個碳原子的烷基、含有1~6個碳原子的烷氧基或含有2~6個碳原子的鏈烯基;表示、、、、、或; m表示0、1或2;當m為2,2個可為相同或不同; Z1
表示單鍵、-C≡C-、-CH2
-、-CH2
CH2
-、-CH2
O-、-COO-、-CF2
O-或-OCH2
-。
本發明之另一目的在於提供一種液晶介質。
本發明液晶介質包含上述的作為液晶介質組分的含茚環的化合物。
本發明之功效在於:本發明通過對各種液晶化合物的優化組合及優選配比,並透過在單晶化合物的結構中合理的引入新的功能性基團(也就是在具有式Ⅰ-1或式I-2所示結構的化合物引入茚環),提高了化合物的穩定性,並且有效提高了清亮點。本發明液晶介質主要包含負的介電各向異性的具有式Ⅰ-1或I-2結構的化合物,經過測試,達到了適當高清亮點、適當雙折射各向異性、高介電各向異性、低的旋轉粘度、快的響應速度的作用,特別適用於低盒厚,高顯示品質畫面的主動型矩陣MVA、PVA的液晶顯示元件和液晶顯示器。
以下就本發明內容進行詳細說明:
於式I-1及I-2結構中,較佳地,該R1
表示含有1~6個碳原子的烷基、或含有1~5個碳原子的烷氧基。
較佳地,該具有式I-1結構的化合物是選自於由式I-1-1至I-1-15所構成群組中的一種: I-1-1; I-1-2; I-1-3; I-1-4; I-1-5; I-1-6; I-1-7; I-1-8; I-1-9; I-1-10; I-1-11; I-1-12; I-1-13; I-1-14;及 I-1-15。
較佳地,該具有式I-2結構的化合物是選自於由式I-2-1至式I-2-15所構成群組中的一種: I-2-1; I-2-2; I-2-3; I-2-4; I-2-5; I-2-6; I-2-7; I-2-8; I-2-9; I-2-10; I-2-11; I-2-12; I-2-13; I-2-14;及 I-2-15。
較佳地,該液晶介質還包含至少一種式II所示化合物和至少一種式III所示化合物: IIIII其中,R2
、R3
、R4
、R5
為含有1~7個碳原子的直鏈烷基、含有1~6個碳原子的烷氧基或含有2~6個碳原子的鏈烯基;、各自獨立地表示、、、或;表示、、或;、各自獨立地表示、、、或; L1
、L2
各自獨立地代表氫或F; n和o各自獨立地表示0、1或2;當n為2,2個可為相同或不同;當o為2,2個可為相同或不同,2個Z3
可為相同或不同; Z2
及Z3
分別表示單鍵、-C≡C-、-CH2
-、-CH2
CH2
- (或以-C2
H4
-表示)、-CH2
O-、-COO-、-CF2
O-或-OCH2
-; 其條件是,當Z2
為單鍵及L1
、L2
不同時為F時,為。
較佳地,該式II的結構是選自於由式II-1至式II-16所構成群組中的一種: II-1; II-2; II-3; II-4; II-5; II-6; II-7; II-8; II-9; II-10; II-11; II-12; II-13; II-14; II-15;及 II-16。
較佳地,該式III的結構是選自於由式III-1至式III-16所構成群組中的一種: III-1; III-2; III-3; III-4; III-5; III-6; III-7; III-8; III-9; III-10; III-11; III-12; III-13; III-14; III-15;及 III-16。
較佳地,該液晶介質包含:占該液晶介質總質量的1~40%的具有式I-1或式I-2結構的化合物;占該液晶介質總質量的1~70%的式II所示的化合物;占該液晶介質總質量的10~70%的式III所示的化合物。較佳地,該液晶介質包含:占該液晶介質總質量的1~25%的具有式I-1或式I-2結構的化合物;占該液晶介質總質量的20~70%的式II所示的化合物;占該液晶介質總質量的10~60%的式III所示的化合物。
本發明還提供一種液晶介質在主動型矩陣顯示元件中的應用。
本發明的液晶介質還包含以下一種或幾種添加劑:UV穩定劑、抗氧化劑、手性劑等。
本發明液晶介質在基於IPS或FFS效應的主動型矩陣顯示元件中的應用,特別可應用於VA模式、MVA模式、PVA模式、IPS模式、或ECB顯示模式的液晶顯示元件。
在本發明具體例中,由負的介電各向異性的具有式I-1或式I-2結構的化合物、負的介電各向異性的式II化合物、以及介電中性的式III化合物構成的液晶介質,經過測試,達到了適當高清亮點、適當雙折射各向異性、高介電各向異性、低的旋轉粘度、快的響應速度的作用,特別適用於低盒厚,高顯示品質畫面的主動型矩陣MVA、PVA的液晶顯示元件和液晶顯示器。
本發明將就以下實施例來作進一步說明,但應瞭解的是,該實施例僅為例示說明之用,而不應被解釋為本發明實施之限制。
本發明的液晶介質採用常規方法將兩種或多種液晶化合物混合進行生產,如在高溫下混合不同組分並彼此溶解的方法製備,其中,將液晶介質溶解在用於該化合物的溶劑中並混合,然後在減壓下蒸餾出該溶劑;或者本發明的液晶介質可按照常規的方法製備,如將其中含量較小的組分在較高的溫度下溶解在含量較大的主要組分中,或將各所屬組分在有機溶劑中溶解,如丙酮、氯仿或甲醇等,然後將溶液混合後去除溶劑後得到。
本發明中的百分比為重量百分比(wt%),溫度為攝氏度(°C)。如無其他說明,其他符號的具體意義及測試條件如下: 1. Cp(°C)表示液晶的清亮點:利用一加熱器在顯微鏡下觀測液晶組合物由液晶相轉變為液態之溫度值。 2. S-N表示液晶的晶態到向列相的熔點(°C):將液晶組合物灌入一液晶盒中,再將此裝有液晶組合物的液晶盒放置於低溫冷凍櫃(溫度設定在-30°C或-40°C)中觀察其結晶狀況。 3. △n為光學各向異性,no為尋常光的折射率,ne為非尋常光的折射率,測試條件為,589nm的波長,25°C。測量儀器:阿貝折射儀。符合本發明後續應用的較佳△n範圍為0.065~0.200。 4. △ε為介電各向異性,△ε=ε∥-ε⊥,其中,ε∥為平行於分子軸的介電常數,ε⊥為垂直於分子軸的介電常數,測試條件為25°C;測量儀器為INSTEC: ALCT-IR1;將樣品放置於20微米平行盒中,未添加手性劑。符合本發明後續應用的較佳△ε範圍為2~11。 5. γ1旋轉粘度(mPa•s):測試條件為25±0.2°C。測量儀器為INSTEC: ALCT-IR1,將樣品放置於20微米平行盒中,未添加手性劑。當旋轉黏度越低,顯示響應速度越快、響應時間越短。符合本發明後續應用的較佳γ1旋轉粘度範圍為25~110 mPa•s。
在以下的實施例中所採用的各成分,均可以通過公知的方法進行合成,或者通過商業途徑獲得。這些合成技術是常規的,所得到各液晶化合物經測試符合電子類化合物標準。
為便於表達,以下各實施例中,液晶化合物的基團結構用表1所列的代碼表示:
通過上述實施例1至實施例10可得出,本發明由負的介電各向異性的具有式I-1或I-2結構的化合物、負的介電各向異性的式II化合物、以及介電中性的式III化合物構成的液晶介質具有較大的介電各向異性絕對值,較低的旋轉粘度、合適的彈性常數、較高的清亮點、良好的穩定性,以及快的響應速度。
綜上所述,透過在單晶化合物的結構中合理的引入新的功能性基團(也就是在具有式Ⅰ-1或式I-2所示結構的化合物引入茚環),提高了化合物的穩定性,並且有效提高了清亮點。本發明液晶介質主要包含負的介電各向異性的具有式Ⅰ-1或I-2結構的化合物,經過測試,達到了適當高清亮點、適當雙折射各向異性、高介電各向異性、低的旋轉粘度、快的響應速度的作用,特別適用於低盒厚,高顯示品質畫面的主動型矩陣MVA、PVA的液晶顯示元件和液晶顯示器,故確實能達成本發明之目的。
惟以上所述者,僅為本發明之實施例而已,當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍,凡是依本發明申請專利範圍及專利說明書內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾,皆仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。
Claims (10)
- 一種液晶介質,包含:如請求項1至3中任一項所述的作為液晶介質組分的含茚環的化合物。
- 如請求項4所述的液晶介質,還包含至少一種式II所示化合物和至少一種式III所示化合物: II;及 III; 其中,R2 、R3 、R4 及R5 為碳原子數為1~7的直鏈烷基、碳原子數為1-6的烷氧基或碳原子數為2-6的鏈烯基;、各自獨立地表示、、、或;表示、、或;、各自獨立的表示、、、或; L1 、L2 各自獨立的代表氫或F; n和o各自獨立的表示0、1或2;當n為2,2個可為相同或不同;當o為2,2個可為相同或不同,2個Z3 可為相同或不同; Z2 及Z3 分別表示單鍵、-C≡C-、-CH2 -、-CH2 CH2 -、-CH2 O-、-COO-、-CF2 O-或-OCH2 -; 其條件是,當Z2 為單鍵及L1 、L2 不同時為F時,為。
- 如請求項5至7中任一項所述的液晶介質,其中,該液晶介質包含: 占該液晶介質總質量的1~40%的式Ⅰ所示化合物; 占該液晶介質總質量的1~70%的式II所示化合物;及 占所述液晶介質總質量的10~70%的式III所示化合物。
- 如請求項8所述的液晶介質,其中,該液晶介質包含: 占該液晶介質總質量的1~25%的式Ⅰ所示化合物; 占該液晶介質總質量的20~70%的式II所示化合物;及 占該液晶介質總質量的10~60%的式III所示化合物。
- 如請求項9所述的液晶介質,是應用於主動型矩陣顯示元件中。
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