CN112048316B - 一种液晶组合物及液晶显示器件 - Google Patents

一种液晶组合物及液晶显示器件 Download PDF

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CN112048316B
CN112048316B CN201910489601.6A CN201910489601A CN112048316B CN 112048316 B CN112048316 B CN 112048316B CN 201910489601 A CN201910489601 A CN 201910489601A CN 112048316 B CN112048316 B CN 112048316B
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liquid crystal
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CN112048316A (zh
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马文阳
韩文明
徐海彬
王立威
严为刚
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Jiangsu Hecheng Display Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种液晶组合物和液晶显示器件，所述液晶组合物包含至少一种通式I的化合物、至少一种通式II的化合物、至少一种通式III的化合物以及至少一种通式IV的化合物，通过这四种化合物的配合，可以使得该组合物具有较宽的向列相温度范围、较低的粘度以及较低的阈值电压等优点，液晶显示元件具有短的响应时间和优越的省电性能。

Description

一种液晶组合物及液晶显示器件
技术领域
本发明属于液晶材料技术领域，涉及一种液晶组合物及液晶显示器件。
背景技术
液晶显示器(Liquid Crystal Display，LCD)因其体积小、重量轻、功耗低且显示质量优异而获得了飞速发展，特别在便携式电子信息产品中获得广泛的应用。随着用于便携式计算机、办公应用、视频应用的液晶屏幕尺寸的增加，液晶显示器能够用于大屏幕显示并最终替代了阴极射线管的显示器(Cathode Ray Tube，CRT)。
根据显示模式的类型分为PC(phase change，相变)、TN(twist nematic，扭曲向列)、STN(super twisted nematic，超扭曲向列)、ECB(electrically controlledbirefringence，电控双折射)、OCB(optically compensated bend，光学补偿弯曲)、IPS(in-plane switching，共面转变)、VA(vertical alignment，垂直配向)等类型。
目前，液晶化合物的应用范围拓展的越来越广，其可应用于多种类型的显示器、电光器件、传感器等中。用于上述显示领域的液晶化合物的种类繁多，其中向列相液晶应用最为广泛。向列相液晶已经应用在无源TN、STN矩阵显示器和具有TFT有源矩阵的系统中。
液晶材料需要具有适当高的介电各向异性、光学各向异性以及良好的低温互溶性和热稳定性。此外，液晶材料还应当具有低粘度和短响应时间，低阈值电压和高对比度。向列相的温度范围与元件的工作温度范围相关联。向列相的上限温度较好的是大于等于70℃，并且向列相的下限温度较好的是小于等于-10℃。组合物的粘度与元件的响应时间相关联。为了在元件中显示动画，较好的是元件的响应时间短。因此，较好的是组合物的粘度小，而更好的是温度低时组合物的粘度小。
较理想的AM元件是具有可使用的温度范围广、响应时间短、对比度大、临界电压低、电压保持率大、寿命长等特性。因此，组合物的特性较理想的是向列相的上限温度高、向列相的下限温度低、粘度小、光学各向异性大、介电常数各向异性大。
因此，提供一种具有较宽的向列相温度范围、较低的粘度以及较低的阈值电压的液晶组合物非常有必要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于一种液晶组合物及液晶显示器件，本发明的液晶组合物具有较宽的向列相温度范围、较低的粘度以及较低的阈值电压等优点，液晶显示元件具有短的响应时间和优越的省电性能。
为达此目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一方面，本发明提供一种液晶组合物，所述液晶组合物包含至少一种通式I的化合物、至少一种通式II的化合物、至少一种通式III的化合物以及至少一种通式IV的化合物：
Figure GDA0003677030170000021
Figure GDA0003677030170000031
其中，所述R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6和R7各自独立地表示含有1-10个碳原子的直链或支链的烷基或烷氧基、含有2-12个碳原子的直链或支链的烯基或烯氧基，其中1-10个碳原子可以为1个碳原子、2个碳原子、3个碳原子、4个碳原子、5个碳原子、6个碳原子、7个碳原子、8个碳原子、9个碳原子、10个碳原子，2-12个碳原子可以为2个碳原子、3个碳原子、4个碳原子、5个碳原子、6个碳原子、7个碳原子、8个碳原子、9个碳原子、10个碳原子、11个碳原子、12个碳原子，示例性的选自-CH3、-CH2-CH3、-CH2-CH2-CH3、-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3、
Figure GDA0003677030170000032
-CH2-O-、-CH2-O-CH2-、-CH＝CH-、-CH＝CH-CH2-、-CH＝CH-O-等；
所述Z1表示含有2-7个碳原子的直链或支链的烯基，其中2-12个碳原子可以为2个碳原子、3个碳原子、4个碳原子、5个碳原子、6个碳原子、7个碳原子；
所述Z2表示单键、-CH2-O-、-O-CH2-、-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-CH＝CH-或-CH2-CH2-；
所述Z3、Z4和Z5各自独立地表示单键、-COO-、-CH2-CH2-、-CH＝CH-或-CH2-O-；
所述n1表示1或2；
所述环
Figure GDA0003677030170000033
环
Figure GDA0003677030170000034
和环
Figure GDA0003677030170000035
各自独立地表示
Figure GDA0003677030170000041
所述n2表示0、1或2，当n2表示2时，环
Figure GDA0003677030170000042
相同或不同；
所述环
Figure GDA0003677030170000043
和环
Figure GDA0003677030170000044
各自独立地表示
Figure GDA0003677030170000045
Figure GDA0003677030170000046
所述n3表示0、1或2，当n3表示2时，环
Figure GDA0003677030170000047
相同或不同；
其中虚线代表接入位，本申请中的虚线均代表接入位，后续不再赘述；
其中通式III的化合物不包括通式I的化合物；通式IV的化合物不包括通式II的化合物。
在本发明中，由于液晶组合物中同时包含通式I、II、III和IV的化合物，组分相互配合使得该组合物具有较宽的向列相宽度、较低粘度以及较低阈值电压等优点。
优选地，所述通式I的化合物占液晶组合物总重量的1-40％，例如1％、5％、10％、15％、20％、25％、30％、35％、40％等，优选5-35％，进一步优选5-30％。
优选地，所述通式II的化合物占液晶组合物总重量的1-70％，例如1％、5％、10％、15％、20％、25％、30％、35％、40％、45％、50％、55％、60％、65％、70％等，优选5-65％，进一步优选5-60％。
优选地，所述通式III的化合物占液晶组合物总重量的10-70％，例如10％、15％、20％、25％、30％、35％、40％、45％、50％、55％、60％、65％、70％等，优选15-65％，进一步优选20-60％。
优选地，所述通式IV的化合物占液晶组合物总重量的1-50％，例如1％、5％、10％、15％、20％、25％、30％、35％、40％、45％、50％等，优选1-40％，进一步优选1-35％。
优选地，所述通式I的化合物为具有如下结构的化合物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合：
Figure GDA0003677030170000051
Figure GDA0003677030170000061
其中，R1具有与上述相同的限定范围。
优选地，所述通式II的化合物为具有如下结构的化合物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合：
Figure GDA0003677030170000062
其中，R2和R3各自独立地具有与上述相同的限定范围。
优选地，所述通式III的化合物为具有如下结构的化合物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合：
Figure GDA0003677030170000063
Figure GDA0003677030170000071
Figure GDA0003677030170000081
所述R4和R5具有与上述相同的限定范围。
优选地，所述通式III的化合物为具有III-1、III-2、III-3、III-4、III-9、III-11、III-12、III-13、III-15、III-16、III-17、III-18、III-19、III-20、III-21、III-22、III-23结构的化合物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
优选地，所述通式III的化合物为具有III-1、III-3、III-11、III-13、III-16、III-21、III-22、III-23结构的化合物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
优选地，所述通式III-1、III-2、III-3的化合物中，所述R4和R5中至少一个表示含有2-10个碳原子的卤代或未卤代的直链的烯基或烯氧基，其中2-10个碳原子可以为2个碳原子、3个碳原子、4个碳原子、5个碳原子、6个碳原子、7个碳原子、8个碳原子、9个碳原子、10个碳原子。
优选地，所述通式IV的化合物为具有如下结构的化合物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合：
Figure GDA0003677030170000091
其中，R6和R7各自独立地具有与上述相同的限定范围。
另一方面，本发明提供一种液晶显示器件，所述液晶显示器件包括上述所述的液晶化合物。
本发明中的液晶显示器件具有较短的响应时间和优越的省电性能。
相对于现有技术，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明的液晶组合物具有较宽的向列相温度范围(其中Δn的范围为0.1050-0.1216)、较低的粘度(γ1低至112mPa·s)以及较低的阈值电压(Vth低至2.225V)等优点，液晶显示元件具有短的响应时间和优越的省电性能。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。本领域技术人员应该明了，所述实施例仅仅是帮助理解本发明，不应视为对本发明的具体限制。
为了便于表达，在以下实施例中，液晶组合物的基团结构以表1中所列的代码来表示：
表1液晶组合物中化合物基团结构代码
Figure GDA0003677030170000101
Figure GDA0003677030170000111
以如下结构式的化合物为例对其结构代码进行说明：
Figure GDA0003677030170000121
该结构式如果用表1所示代码表示，则可以表达为nCCEPCm，代码中n表示左端烷基的碳原子数，例如n为3，即表示该烷基为-C3H7，代码中C表示亚环己烷基，E表示酯基，P表示亚苯基，m表示右端烷基的碳原子数，例如m为2，即表示该烷基为-C2H5。
在以下实施例中，性能测试项目的简写代号如表2所示。
表2性能测试项目简写代号
测试项目代号 含义
Δn： 光学各向异性(589nm，25℃)
Δε： 介电各向异性(1KHz，25℃)
Cp： 液晶清亮点
γ1： 旋转粘度(mPa.s，25℃)
Tc 低温存储相变点(即向列相下限温度，℃)
V<sub>th</sub> 阈值电压(在10％相对透过率时的特征电压)
η 流动粘度(cP，25℃)
其中，Cp(清亮点)是使用DSC定量法测试的；
Δn(光学各向异性)是使用阿贝测试仪测试得到的，测试温度为25℃，测试波长为589nm；
Δε(介电各向异性)，Δε＝ε∥-ε⊥，其中，ε∥为平行于分子轴的介电常数，ε⊥为垂直于分子轴的介电常数，测试温度为25±0.5℃；
γ1(旋转粘度)是使用INSTEC:ALCTIR1测试得到的，测试条件为25±0.5℃，20微米平行盒；
η(流动粘度)是通过E型粘度计测定，测试条件为25±0.5℃；
Vth(阈值电压)，测试条件为C/1KHz，VA5.8。
在本以下实施例的液晶组合物中所采用的各成分，均可以通过公知的方法进行合成或者可以通过商业途径获得，所得液晶组合物的各成分经测试符合电子类化合物标准。
以下实施例中的液晶组合物按照各组分配比(各实施例中组分末尾的括号中为所述组分的归属通式)，并通过常规制备方法如采用加热、超声波、悬浮等方式混合得到液晶组合物。
实施例1
在本实施例中，液晶组合物包括如下表所示质量百分含量的组分，并且在下表中列出了其性能测试结果：
Figure GDA0003677030170000131
Figure GDA0003677030170000141
实施例2
在本实施例中，液晶组合物包括如下表所示质量百分含量的组分，并且在下表中列出了其性能测试结果：
Figure GDA0003677030170000142
实施例3
在本实施例中，液晶组合物包括如下表所示质量百分含量的组分，并且在下表中列出了其性能测试结果：
Figure GDA0003677030170000151
实施例4
在本实施例中，液晶组合物包括如下表所示质量百分含量的组分，并且在下表中列出了其性能测试结果：
Figure GDA0003677030170000152
Figure GDA0003677030170000161
实施例5
在本实施例中，液晶组合物包括如下表所示质量百分含量的组分，并且在下表中列出了其性能测试结果：
Figure GDA0003677030170000162
Figure GDA0003677030170000171
实施例6
在本实施例中，液晶组合物包括如下表所示质量百分含量的组分，并且在下表中列出了其性能测试结果：
Figure GDA0003677030170000172
实施例7
在本实施例中，液晶组合物包括如下表所示质量百分含量的组分，并且在下表中列出了其性能测试结果：
Figure GDA0003677030170000181
实施例8
在本实施例中，液晶组合物包括如下表所示质量百分含量的组分，并且在下表中列出了其性能测试结果：
Figure GDA0003677030170000182
Figure GDA0003677030170000191
实施例9
在本实施例中，液晶组合物包括如下表所示质量百分含量的组分，并且在下表中列出了其性能测试结果：
Figure GDA0003677030170000192
Figure GDA0003677030170000201
通过实施例1-9可知，本发明的液晶化合物具有较小的转动粘滞系数，较宽的向列相温度范围以及较短的响应时间。
申请人声明，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了，任何属于本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述液晶组合物包含至少一种通式I的化合物、至少一种通式II的化合物、至少一种通式III的化合物以及至少一种通式IV的化合物：
Figure FDF0000019741240000011
其中，所述R1、R2、R4、R5、R6和R7各自独立地表示含有1-10个碳原子的直链或支链的烷基或烷氧基、含有2-12个碳原子的直链或支链的烯基或烯氧基；
R3表示含有1-10个碳原子的直链的烷氧基、含有2-12个碳原子的直链或支链的烯基或烯氧基；
所述Z1表示含有2-7个碳原子的直链或支链的烯基；
所述Z2表示-CH2-O-、-O-CH2-或-CH2-CH2-；
所述Z3、Z4和Z5各自独立地表示单键、-COO-、-CH2-CH2-、-CH＝CH-或-CH2-O-；
所述n1表示1或2；
所述环
Figure FDF0000019741240000012
环
Figure FDF0000019741240000013
和环
Figure FDF0000019741240000014
各自独立地表示
Figure FDF0000019741240000015
Figure FDF0000019741240000021
所述n2表示0、1或2，当n2表示2时，环
Figure FDF0000019741240000022
相同或不同；
所述环
Figure FDF0000019741240000023
和环
Figure FDF0000019741240000024
各自独立地表示
Figure FDF0000019741240000025
Figure FDF0000019741240000026
所述n3表示1或2，当n3表示2时，环
Figure FDF0000019741240000027
相同或不同；
其中通式III的化合物不包括通式I的化合物；通式IV的化合物不包括通式II的化合物；
所述通式I的化合物为具有如下结构的化合物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合：
Figure FDF0000019741240000028
所述通式I的化合物占液晶组合物总重量的8.5-15％；
所述通式II的化合物占液晶组合物总重量的15-25％；
所述通式III的化合物占液晶组合物总重量的30-50％；
所述通式IV的化合物占液晶组合物总重量的5-25％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述通式II的化合物为具有如下结构的化合物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合：
Figure FDF0000019741240000031
其中，R2和R3各自独立地具有与权利要求1相同的限定范围。
3.根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述通式III的化合物为具有如下结构的化合物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合：
Figure FDF0000019741240000032
Figure FDF0000019741240000041
Figure FDF0000019741240000051
所述R4和R5具有与权利要求1相同的限定范围。
4.根据权利要求3所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述通式III的化合物为具有III-1、III-2、III-3、III-4、III-9、III-11、III-12、III-13、III-15、III-16、III-17、III-18、III-19、III-20、III-21、III-22、III-23结构的化合物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述通式III的化合物为具有III-1、III-3、III-11、III-13、III-16、III-21、III-22、III-23结构的化合物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物，其特征在于，所述通式IV的化合物为具有如下结构的化合物中的任意一种或两种的组合：
Figure FDF0000019741240000061
其中，R6和R7各自独立地具有与权利要求1相同的限定范围。
7.一种液晶显示器件，其特征在于，所述液晶显示器件包括如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的液晶组合物。
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