TWI665227B - 製造選擇性氫化共軛二烯聚合物之觸媒組合物及其製程 - Google Patents

製造選擇性氫化共軛二烯聚合物之觸媒組合物及其製程 Download PDF

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TWI665227B
TWI665227B TW106141392A TW106141392A TWI665227B TW I665227 B TWI665227 B TW I665227B TW 106141392 A TW106141392 A TW 106141392A TW 106141392 A TW106141392 A TW 106141392A TW I665227 B TWI665227 B TW I665227B
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conjugated diene
component
ethylene
catalyst composition
hydrogenation
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TW201829478A (zh
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翁國祐
楊豐瑜
溫文賢
丁晴
李頂瑜
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台橡股份有限公司
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Abstract

本發明提供一種在均相系統中選擇性氫化一共軛二烯聚合物的觸媒組合物,該共軛二烯聚合物包含共軛二烯單體或共軛二烯單體及乙烯芳香族單體之結合,該觸媒組合物包含成分(a)鈦化合物、成分(b)有機金屬化合物、以及成分(c)寡聚物,該寡聚物包含一聚二元醇(polyglycol)片段。本發明亦提供使用上述之觸媒組合物所產生的氫化聚合物及方法。

Description

製造選擇性氫化共軛二烯聚合物之觸媒組合物及其製程
本發明係關於選擇性地氫化共軛二烯聚合物,更特別地在於使用含鈦化合物的觸媒組合物選擇性地氫化共軛二烯聚合物。
未氫化的共軛二烯聚合物,例如丁二烯或異戊二烯共聚物或均聚物,或丁二烯及/或異戊二烯與苯乙烯的嵌段或非嵌段共聚物,此等聚合物因含大量的不飽和雙鍵,在應用上通常具有官能化、接枝化及硫化等交聯反應上的優勢。然而,這類未氫化共軛二烯聚合物也相對地不穩定,容易因為熱或曝露於紫外光下氧化或在其他不良的環境中產生裂解。因此,實務上此類聚合物都會適當地加以氫化以降低不飽和雙鍵的數量進而獲得較好的特性可以抵抗不良環境的影響。習知用於氫化共軛二烯聚合物的觸媒,可分為異相觸媒與均相觸媒。相較於異相觸媒,均相觸媒通常具較高活性,且其反應可於較適度壓力和溫度條件下進行。
歐洲專利申請案No.2316862揭露一種在均相觸媒系統中氫化共軛二烯聚合物的方法,其使用含鈦化合物和全取代矽烷的觸媒組合物,其中全取代矽烷可穩定觸媒系統中之其它觸媒成分以加強觸媒活性。然而此種觸媒組合物在應用上仍不免有各種缺點,因此有必要發展其他的觸媒組合物以符合實際應用的需要。
本發明之一方面在於提供一種新穎、穩定而易於儲存的均相氫化觸媒組合物用以選擇性地氫化共軛二烯聚合物。本發明所使用的共軛二烯聚合物包含以共軛二烯為單體所聚合的均聚物或共聚物。本發明「選擇性氫化」的定義在於主要針對共軛二烯單體進行氫化。
本發明之氫化觸媒組合物可在低濃度下成功地氫化含共軛二烯聚合物,非常適用於商業化之量產。由於所使用的氫化觸媒組合物濃度很低,因此不需要從氫化聚合物中除去觸媒,大大提升了經濟效益。再者,本發明之氫化反應非常迅速,於廣泛的溫度及壓力下具有良好的結果再現性。
本發明尚包含其他方面以解決其他問題並合併上述之各方面詳細揭露於以下實施方式中。
圖1顯示本發明實例1未氫化SBS嵌段共聚物的1H-NMR光譜圖。
圖2顯示本發明實例1已氫化SBS嵌段共聚物的1H-NMR光譜圖。
圖3顯示本發明實例3已氫化SBS嵌段共聚物的1H-NMR光譜圖。
以下將參考所附圖式示範本發明之較佳實施例。為避免模糊 本發明之內容,以下說明亦省略習知之元件、相關材料、及其相關處理技術。
本發明提供一種在均相系統中選擇性氫化一共軛二烯聚合物的觸媒組合物,該共軛二烯聚合物包含共軛二烯單體或共軛二烯單體及乙烯芳香族單體之結合,該觸媒組合物包含成分(a)鈦化合物、成分(b)有機金屬化合物、以及成分(c)寡聚物,該寡聚物包含一聚二元醇(polyglycol)片段。本發明亦提供使用上述之觸媒組合物所產生的氫化聚合物及方法。
共軛二烯聚合物
本發明所使用的「共軛二烯聚合物」包含以具有共軛二烯為單體所聚合的均聚物或共聚物,而分子鏈的末端具有活性基或不具活性基。活性基是指碳的自由基,碳鹼金屬離子的陰離子基、碳的陽離子基。共軛二烯共聚物可為兩種或兩種以上之共軛二烯單體的嵌段(Block)、亂序(Random)、漸進嵌段(Taper)排列。或者,可為至少一種以上的共軛二烯單體與至少一種以上的乙烯芳香族單體的嵌段(Block)、亂序(Random)、漸進嵌段(Taper)排列。舉例而言,共軛二烯單體及乙烯芳香族單體所結合之共軛二烯聚合物可為苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、苯乙烯-異戊二烯共聚物及苯乙烯-(丁二烯/異戊二烯)共聚物其中之一。適用於本發明之共軛二烯聚合物較佳具有重量平均分子量範圍在40,000至500,000之間,更佳在70,000至300,000之間,其中以共軛二烯單體與乙烯芳香族單體形成的嵌段共聚物為特佳。
適用於本發明之共軛二烯單體可為含4個至12個碳原子的共軛二烯。具體例子包括1,3-丁二烯(1,3-butadiene),異戊二烯(isoprene),2,3-二甲基-1,3-丁二烯(2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene),1-甲基丁二烯(1-methylbutadiene),2-苯基-1,3-丁二烯(2-phenyl-1,3-butadiene),1,3- 戊二烯(1,3-pentadiene),2-甲基-1,3-戊二烯(2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene),1,3-已二烯(1,3-hexadiene),4,5-二乙基-1,3-辛二烯(4,5-diethyl-1,3-octadiene),3-丁基-1,3-辛二烯(3-butyl-1,3-octadiene)及其混合物,其中1,3-丁二烯,異戊二烯及其混合物是較佳的選擇。
適用於本發明之乙烯芳香族單體的具體例子包括苯乙烯(styrene),叔丁基苯乙烯(tert-butylstyrene),α-甲基苯乙烯(α-methyl styrene),鄰-甲基苯乙烯(o-methyl styrene),對-甲基苯乙烯(p-methyl styrene),雙乙烯基苯(divinyl benzene),1,1-雙苯基乙烯(1,1-diphenyl ethylene),乙烯基萘(vinyl naphthalene),N,N-雙甲基-對-乙基胺苯乙烯(N,N-dimethyl-p-aminoethylstyrene),N,N-雙乙基-對-乙基胺苯乙烯(N,N-diethyl-p-aminoethylstyrene)及其混合物。較佳的例子為苯乙烯。共軛二烯/乙烯芳香族共聚物的具體例子為(1)丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物及(2)異戊二烯/苯乙烯共聚物(3)丁二烯/異戊二烯/苯乙烯的共聚物。
依據本發明,氫化前所用之含共軛二烯聚合物可依照先前已知的技藝來製造,例如陰離子聚合法,陽離子聚合法,自由基聚合法,總體聚合法、溶液聚合法或乳化聚合法。聚合時,最好是使用有機鋰化合物作為觸媒引發劑是較佳的選擇,而得到活性聚合物,其在分子鏈末端有碳鋰離子,因而在加入單體後可再進行聚合而使分子鏈成長。有機鋰化合物的具體例子包括正丙基鋰、異丙基鋰、正丁基鋰、異丁基鋰、叔丁基鋰、正戊基鋰、苯基鋰、甲苯基鋰等。雙鋰的碳氫化合物例如1,4-雙鋰-正丁烷、1,5-雙鋰-戊烷、1,2-雙鋰-雙苯基乙烷,1,4-雙鋰-1,1,4,4-四苯基丁烷,1,3-或1,4-雙(1-鋰-3-甲基戊基)苯。有機鋰化合物的用量係以所欲獲得聚合物的重量平均分子量所決定。此外,可在聚合共軛二烯的系統中加入一種三級胺化合物或醚化合物,以提高共軛二烯單體的乙烯基結構。適用的化合物包括一般的三級胺化合物,四氫夫喃或二乙基醚等。
氫化後之共軛二烯聚合物
本發明之目的之一在於將上述之共軛二烯聚合物使用以下所述之觸媒組合物加以氫化。以下述之共軛二烯聚合物為例:苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、苯乙烯-異戊二烯共聚物及苯乙烯-(丁二烯/異戊二烯)共聚物,其中該苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物經氫化後為苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SEBS);該苯乙烯-異戊二烯共聚物經氫化後為苯乙烯-乙烯-丙烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SEPS);該苯乙烯-(丁二烯/異戊二烯)共聚物經氫化後為苯乙烯-乙烯-乙烯-丙烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SEEPS)。
氫化觸媒組合物
如前述,本發明之觸媒組合物包含以下成分:成分(a)鈦化合物;成分(b)有機金屬化合物;以及成分(c)寡聚物,該寡聚物包含一聚二元醇(polyglycol)片段。以下詳細說明此三種成分。
(a)鈦化合物
於本發明之較佳實施例,觸媒組合物之成分(a)鈦化合物如下公式(I)所示:
其中R1、R2可以是相同或不同的取代基,可選自氫、鹵素原子、C1~C8烷基及烷氧基、C6~C12的環烷基、苯基、苯氧基(phenoxy)、 C7~C10芳香族化烷氧基(arylalkoxy)及芳香族化烷基(arylalkyl)、羧基(carboxyl)、-CH2P(苯基)2、-CH2Si(C1~C5烷基)3或-P(苯基)2,A代表相同或不同環戊二烯基、茚基、芴基或上述之衍生物。
根據本發明,A可例如為C5R6R7R8R9R10(環戊二烯基或其衍生物),其中R6、R7、R8、R9、R10可以是相同的或不同的取代基,且可選自為氫、鹵素原子、烷基、芳香烴基、或羧基(carboxyl)、-CH2P(苯基)2、-CH2Si(C1~C5烷基)3或-P(苯基)2
公式(I)所示之化合物中就雙(環戊二烯基及其衍生物)鈦的鹵化物而言,此類具體的實施例包括雙(環戊二烯基)二氟化鈦[bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium difluoride](又稱二氟茂鈦)、雙(環戊二烯基)二氯化鈦(又稱二氯茂鈦)、雙〔(2,4-二苯基磷化環戊二烯基)〕二氟化鈦、雙〔(2,4-二甲基磷化環戊二烯基)〕二氟化鈦、雙〔(2,4-二苯基磷化環戊二烯基)〕二氯化鈦、二甲氧基化雙(環戊二烯基)二氯化鈦、雙〔(2,4-二甲基磷化環戊二烯基)〕二氯化鈦、雙(環戊二烯基)二溴化鈦、雙〔(2,4-二苯基磷化環戊二烯基)〕二溴化鈦、雙〔(2,4-二甲基磷化環戊二烯基)〕二溴化鈦、雙(乙基化環戊二烯基)二氯化鈦、雙(正丙基化環戊二烯基)二氯化鈦、雙(正丁基化環戊二烯基)二氯化鈦、雙(2-乙基己基化環戊二烯基)二氯化鈦、(二甲基亞甲矽烷基)-雙(η5-2,4-環戊二烯-1-亞基)((dimethylsilylene)-bis(η5-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-ylidene))、(乙烯基)-雙(η5-2,4-環戊二烯-1-亞基)((ethylene)-bis(η5-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-ylidene))。公式(I)所示之化合物中就雙(環戊二烯基及其衍生物)鈦的碳氫氧有機化合物而言,此類具體的實施例包括二甲基雙(環戊二烯基)鈦、二甲醇基雙(環戊二烯基)鈦[bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium dimethoxy]、二甲醇基雙〔(2,4-二苯基磷化環戊二烯基)〕鈦、二甲醇基雙〔(2,4-二甲基磷化環戊二烯基)〕鈦、二乙氧基雙(環戊二烯基)鈦、二乙氧基雙〔(2,4-二苯基磷化環戊二烯基)〕鈦、二乙氧基雙〔(2,4-二甲基磷化環戊二烯基)〕鈦、二苯氧基雙〔(2,4 -二苯基磷化環戊二烯基)〕鈦、二苯氧基雙〔(2,4-二甲基磷化環戊二烯基)〕鈦。公式(I)所示之化合物中就雙(芴基、茚基或其衍生物基)鈦的鹵化物而言,此類具體的實施例包括雙(1-芴基)二氯化鈦[bis(1-fluorenyl)titanium dichloride]、雙(1-茚基)二氯化鈦[bis(1-indenyl)titanium dichloride]、雙(二甲氧芴基)二氯化鈦、雙(茚基)二氯化鈦、雙(芴基)二氟化鈦、雙(茚基)二氟化鈦、雙(二甲氧芴基)二氟化鈦、雙(芴基)二溴化鈦、雙(茚基)二溴化鈦、雙(二甲氧芴基)鈦。另根據雙(芴基、茚基或其衍生物)鈦的碳氫氧有機化合物而言,此類具體的實施例包括二甲基雙(芴基)鈦、二甲氧基雙(芴基)鈦、二甲氧基雙(茚基)鈦、二甲氧基雙(二甲氧芴基)鈦、二甲氧基雙(茚基)鈦、二甲醇基雙(芴基)鈦、二甲醇基雙(茚基)鈦、二甲醇基雙(二甲氧芴基)鈦、二甲醇基雙(茚基)鈦、二苯氧基雙(芴基)鈦、二苯氧基雙(二甲氧芴基)鈦、二苯氧基雙(茚基)鈦,此處所謂的衍生物係指在茚基、芴基、或環戊二烯基的環上之一個或數個氫為一取代基所取代,該取代基可例為甲基、甲氧基、對-第三-丁基苯基、五氟苯基、三氟苯基、二氟苯基或3,5-(第三丁基)-4-甲氧基苯基等基團。較佳的氫化觸媒成分(a)的例子為雙(環戊二烯基)二氯化鈦。
(b)有機金屬化合物
於本發明之較佳實施例,氫化觸媒組合物之成分(b)有機金屬化合物係選自R3Li、R3R4Mg、R3R4R5Al,其中R3為氫原子、C1~C12的烷基、烷氧基或C6~C12芳香基或其烷氧基,R4、R5可為相同或不同之取代基,且為氫原子、鹵素原子、C1~C12的烷基或C6~C12芳香基。成分(b)有機金屬化合物之有機鋁具體例子包括:三甲基鋁、三乙基鋁、三正丙基鋁、三異丙基鋁、三丁基鋁、三(第二丁基)鋁、三(異丁基)鋁、三(正戊基)鋁、三(異戊基)鋁、三(正己基)鋁、三(異己基)鋁、三(1-甲基戊基)鋁、三(2,5-二甲基辛基)鋁、三(2,6-二甲基辛基)鋁、三(2-乙基己基)鋁、三苯基鋁、氯化二乙基鋁、二氯化乙基鋁、氯化三丙基鋁、氯化二丁基鋁、氯化二異丁基鋁、二氯化丁基鋁等。較佳的選擇為三乙基鋁、三異丙基鋁、三丁基鋁、三(異丁基)鋁或氯化二乙基鋁。成分(b)有機金屬化合物之有機鋰具體例子包括:正丙基鋰、異丙基鋰、正丁基鋰、異丁基鋰、叔丁基鋰、正戊基鋰、苯基鋰、甲苯基鋰等。雙鋰的碳氫化合物範例如1,4-雙鋰-正丁烷、1,5-雙鋰-戊烷、1,2-雙鋰-雙苯基乙烷,1,4-雙鋰-1,1,4,4-四苯基丁烷,1,3-或1,4-雙(1-鋰-3-甲基戊基)苯。成分(b)有機金屬化合物之有機鎂主要選自Grignard化合物或鎂的雙烷基化合物,許多的鎂化合物在商業上是以有機鎂化合物溶於鈍性的脂肪族碳氫化合物型式存在,較具體的例子為雙正丁基鎂,雙叔丁基鎂,雙異丁基鎂,雙正丙基鎂,雙異丙基鎂,雙辛基鎂,雙環己基鎂,雙2-乙基己基鎂,正丁基異丁基鎂,正丁基辛基鎂,正丁基2-乙基己基鎂以及其彼此的混合物。
(c)寡聚物
本發明之氫化觸媒組合物之成分(c)係一種包含至少一聚二元醇(polyglycol)片段的寡聚物。本發明意外地發現聚二元醇官能基可與觸媒成分(a)、(b)形成穩定的共觸媒系統,避免鈦觸媒在氫化反應過程中太早失去活性,其中尤以包含至少一聚二元醇(polyglycol)片段的寡聚物作為觸媒成分(c)可以達成較好的穩定效果。觸媒成分(c)的實例包含譬如分子量在寡聚物範圍內的聚二元醇均聚型寡聚物或由不同聚二元醇單體單元組成的嵌段共聚型寡聚物或亂排共聚型寡聚物、及任何含有聚二元醇(polyglycol)片段或是接枝的寡聚物。於本發明之較佳實施例,寡聚物為聚合重複單元數量低之聚合物,其重量平均分子量在400~10,000之間,重量平均分子量在400~4,000之間效果更佳。較佳之具體實例為乙二醇或丙二醇的均聚型寡聚物;乙二醇及丙二醇的嵌段共聚型寡聚物,如聚乙二醇-b-聚丙二醇之二嵌段共聚型寡聚物、聚乙二醇-b-聚丙二醇-b-聚乙二醇之三嵌段共聚型寡聚物(PEG-b-PPG-b-PEG);丙二醇及乙二醇的亂排共聚型寡聚物(PPG-ran-PEG);聚(二甲基矽氧烷-b-環氧乙烷),甲基封端(PDMS-PEG,Poly(dimethylsiloxane-b-ethylene oxide),methyl terminated)。
製備觸媒成分(a)、(b)、及(c)的環境應於鈍氣及低水含量條件下進行,鈍氣意指氦、氖、氮的鈍性氣體,這些氣體不會參與氫化反應,而空氣及氧或有含量過高的水份,會氧化或分解氫化觸媒,造成觸媒失去活性。而若涉及到各項觸媒必須預先混合的過程,其溫度最好在0~250℃,溫度過高則觸媒會失活,溫度過低則觸媒本身雖不會失去活性,但活性太低反而不具氫化能力。
選擇性氫化之方法
本發明之觸媒組合物傾向於選擇性對「共軛二烯單體」進行氫化,因此在有「共軛二烯單體」、「乙烯芳香族單體」的共聚物中,乙烯芳香族單體之未飽和雙鍵的氫化率遠低於共軛二烯的氫化率。於各種較佳實施例,共軛二烯單體之未飽和雙鍵的氫化率為至少70%,較佳為至少85%,更佳為至少95%;乙烯芳香族單體之苯環雙鍵的氫化率低於5%,較佳為低於2%。
本發明之氫化方法係將溶於鈍性有機溶劑或含部分醚類、胺類極性化合物的鈍性有機溶劑中之含共軛二烯聚合物,在本發明所述之氫化觸媒組合物的存在下與氫氣進行反應,以選擇性氫化共軛二烯聚合物中含共軛二烯單體的不飽和雙鍵。例如,可將氣態氫氣導入欲氫化的含共軛二烯聚合物中,然後,以攪拌的方式進行使氫氣和聚合物充份的接觸。氫化反應可以批式或連續式的方式進行。本發明之氫化反應器可選自釜式反應器(Tank reactor)、環管反應器(Loop reactor),塔式反應器(Column reactor),或連續式攪拌槽反應器(Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor,CSTR)。
本發明所述之氫化觸媒組合物即上述之氫化觸媒成分(a)、成分(b)及成分(c)。氫化觸媒成分(a)、(b)及(c)之加入順序並未限定。如將觸 媒成分(c)加入已中止活性的聚合物溶液中,再加入觸媒成分(a)和(b)之混合溶液。另外,也可以先將觸媒成分(c)加入未中止活性的聚合物溶液中,再分別加入觸媒成分(a)之溶液和觸媒(b)之溶液。而當所有觸媒成分均加入於聚合物中後,保存於鈍性大氣的環境中,維持一段長的時間,觸媒仍具有相當的活性,因此本發明之觸媒組合物相當適合於工業量產的需求。
依據本發明,用來溶解氫化觸媒組合物和含共軛二烯聚合物之鈍性有機溶劑可為直鏈或支鏈碳氫化合物,例如戊烷、己烷、庚烷、辛烷、以及其它類似物;或可為脂環烴類,例如環己烷、環庚烷與甲基環庚烷等。環己烷、正己烷是適合的例子。鈍性有機溶劑亦可使用芳香烴類,例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯與乙基苯。
本發明中氫化觸媒成分(a)的計量比例,相對於100克的該共軛二烯聚合物,氫化觸媒成分(a)之較佳使用量為0.0001mmole至50mmole,更佳使用量為0.002mmole至10mmole,特佳為0.01mmole至5mmole。觸媒成分(a)使用量太高容易造成成品中的觸媒殘留量過高,也易與抗氧化劑進行副反應,進而造成產品顏色偏黃,觸媒成分(a)加的使用量太低會影響到其氫化效果。
本發明氫化觸媒組成分中觸媒成分(a)和觸媒成分(b)的莫爾比例,在0.01至50的範圍內較佳,更佳為0.1至10,特佳為0.2至5。觸媒成分(a)和觸媒成分(b)的莫爾比例若高於50,觸媒成分(b)無法有活化及穩定觸媒成分(a)的能力,相對地其氫化效率顯得相當的不佳。觸媒成分(a)和觸媒成分(b)的莫爾比例若低於0.01,表示有機金屬成分(b)含量可能太高,會產生不必要的二次反應物,反而造成氫化效率的急遽下降,而且仍必須有去除觸媒組合物的動作。
本發明氫化觸媒組成分中觸媒成分(c)和觸媒成分(a)的莫爾比例,在0.1至10的範圍內較佳,更佳為0.5至5,特佳為1至4。若觸媒 成分(c)和觸媒成分(a)的莫爾比例小於0.1,則會無法確實穩定共觸媒系統,進而使觸媒組合物在氫化過程中失去活性。而若觸媒成分(c)和觸媒成分(a)的莫爾比例大於10,表示莫爾比例太高會造成氫化共觸媒系統太過穩定而無法進行後續氫化反應。
本發明氫化反應的反應溫度可在0℃至250℃的溫度範圍內進行。反應溫度若低於0℃的話,則無法使觸媒組合物越過活化能進行氫化反應。反應溫度若高於250℃的溫度,容易讓觸媒組合物裂解造成觸媒組合物失活的現象,因而降低了觸媒組合物活性。
本發明氫化反應的氫氣壓力為0.1Kg/cm2到150Kg/cm2之間,較佳為1Kg/cm2至100Kg/cm2,更佳為1Kg/cm2至50Kg/cm2。若氫化壓力小於0.1Kg/cm2時,反應速率會變的不明顯,如果氫氣壓力超過150Kg/cm2時,氫化溫度上升而快速的終止氫化反應。在上述的氫化條件下,觸媒組合物的用量可隨著氫氣壓力的增加而遞減,為了能達到降低觸媒組合物量的作用,可選擇較高的氫化壓力為佳。
依據本發明,氫化的時間在數秒至40小時之間,合適的範圍需視其加入觸媒組合的比例,氫氣的壓力,氫化的溫度等條件來作調整。
藉由本發明之觸媒組合物來氫化共軛二烯/乙烯基芳香族烴共聚物,共軛二烯單體中之雙鍵的氫化程度可穩定的達到至少70%,較佳可達到至少85%,甚至可達至少95%,而乙烯基芳香族烴單體中芳香烴苯環雙鍵的氫化程度在5%以下,甚至可至2%以下。由此可見,本發明所使用之觸媒組合物有非常良好的共軛二烯單體氫化選擇性。氫化轉換率可用此行業所熟知NMR光譜分析,類似此方面的分析方法,可參考美國專利5017660號。
藉由本發明的氫化觸媒組合物進行氫化後所得的聚合物溶液,可以添加一種極性溶劑使聚合物凝聚出來。此極性溶劑係此氫化聚合 物的不良溶劑,例如甲醇或丙酮。或者,可將氫化後的溶液倒入熱水中並攪拌,使聚合物與溶劑一起蒸餾,或直接加熱反應溶液以蒸發溶劑,而分離該聚合物。
依據本發明,僅需極少量的氫化觸媒組合物,即可成功地氫化含共軛二烯聚合物,有相當令人滿意的氫化效果。而且,大部份的觸媒組合物在聚合物的分離過程中就和聚合物分離或已分解,並不需要其它清洗或去除觸媒系統的特殊步驟。
本發明觸媒組合物的一大特色為氫化觸媒成分(c)的使用,該物的存在可達到穩定其它觸媒成分及提升其它觸媒成分活性的效果,所以在將本發明觸媒組合物加入含共軛二烯聚合物中之後,可在鈍性氣體的條件下儲存一段時間仍具有相當的活性,此時間一般可達至1小時以上,而且再現性非常良好,另一特色是該物的存在,可促使此觸媒組合物於較高的反應溫度下,仍擁有相當高的觸媒活性,並未因反應溫度過高而造成觸媒組合物失去活性,相當適合商業量產需求。
以下藉由數個實例以更進一步說明本發明之方法、特徵及優點,但並非用來限制本發明之範圍,本發明之範圍應以所附之申請專利範圍為準。
實例1 (未使用觸媒成分(c)之比較例)
於10L具有攪拌器的套管加熱器中,裝填4300克的環己烷、15.6mmole的正丁基鋰(n-butyl lithium)與139mmole的四氫夫喃,並於其中添加93克的苯乙烯,於45℃下進行聚合反應。於該反應系統中加入400克的1,3-丁二烯進行反應,反應後再添加93克的苯乙烯繼續聚合成一種固含量12%,重量平均分子量75,000的SBS(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯)的未氫化三嵌段共聚合物。圖1顯示本發明實例1未氫化三嵌段共聚合物的1H-NMR光譜圖。取上述製備的未氫化SBS三嵌段共聚物溶液1000g,移 至耐壓氫化槽中,保持於氮氣的環境下。另外預先混合0.25mmole之雙(環戊二烯基)二氯化鈦(觸媒成分(a))和0.5mmole的三異丁基鋁(觸媒成分(b))在10毫升的環己烷,未使用觸媒成分(c)。將所有觸媒成分加入上述製備的未氫化SBS三嵌段共聚物溶液,其中共聚物溶液含觸媒成分(a):(b):(c)為1:2:0。於共聚物溶液吹入氫氣,使部份壓力達25Kg/cm2,於初始溫度80℃下進行氫化作用,過程中溫度會上升到約90℃。約60分鍾後即可獲得氫化後的SBS三嵌段共聚物。圖2顯示本發明實例1已氫化嵌段共聚物的1H-NMR光譜圖。由於沒有使用觸媒成分(c),實例1之聚合物的共軛二烯單體之未飽和雙鍵的氫化率只有17%。
實例2至實例12為使用本發明之觸媒組合物的實例
實例2
於10L具有攪拌器的套管加熱器中,裝填4300克的環己烷、15.6mmole的正丁基鋰(n-butyl lithium)與139mmole的四氫夫喃,並於其中添加93克的苯乙烯,於45℃下進行聚合反應。於該反應系統中加入400克的1,3-丁二烯進行反應,反應後再添加93克的苯乙烯繼續聚合成一種固含量12%,重量平均分子量75,000的SBS(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯)的未氫化三嵌段共聚合物。取上述製備的未氫化SBS三嵌段共聚物的聚合物溶液1000g,移至耐壓氫化槽中,保持於氮氣的環境下。於室溫下調配0.25mmole的重量平均分子量為700的寡聚物丙二醇(觸媒成分(c))在10ml的環己烷中。另外預先混合0.25mmole之雙(環戊二烯基)二氯化鈦(觸媒成分(a))和0.5mmole的三異丁基鋁(觸媒成分(b))在10毫升的環己烷中。將所有觸媒成分加入上述製備的未氫化SBS三嵌段共聚物溶液,其中共聚物溶液含觸媒成分(a):(b):(c)莫爾比例為1:2:1。於共聚物溶液吹入氫氣,使部份壓力達25Kg/cm2,於初始溫度80℃下進行氫化作用,過程中溫度會上升到約110℃。約60分鍾後,即可獲得氫化後的SBS三嵌段共聚物。實例2之聚合物的共軛二烯單體之未飽和雙鍵的氫化率為98%。
實例3-6的詳細操作步驟與實例2類似,惟實驗的條件各有不同,請參閱表I。實例2-6主要顯示觸媒成分(a):(b):(c)的莫爾比例在1:2:1至1:2:4的範圍中,SBS三嵌段共聚物的共軛二烯單體之未飽和雙鍵的氫化率為95%至98%,而且氫氣壓力適用在25Kg/cm2至35Kg/cm2的範圍。圖3顯示實例3已氫化嵌段共聚物的1H-NMR光譜圖。
實例7-8的詳細操作步驟與實例2類似,惟實驗的條件各有不同,請參閱表I。實例3,7-8顯示觸媒成分(a):(b):(c)的莫爾比例固定在1:2:2,SBS三嵌段共聚物的重量平均分子量在75,000至260,000的範圍內,則所得產物的共軛二烯單體之未飽和雙鍵的氫化率為95%至98%。
實例9-11的詳細操作步驟與實例2類似,惟實驗的條件各有不同,請參閱表I。實例3,9-11顯示觸媒成分(a):(b):(c)的莫爾比例固定在1:2:2,採用寡聚物PPG(聚丙二醇)或寡聚物PEG(聚乙二醇)作為觸媒成分(c),寡聚物的重量平均分子量在400~1000範圍內,所得產物的共軛二烯單體之未飽和雙鍵的氫化率為97%至98%。
實例12的詳細操作步驟與實例2類似,惟實驗的條件各有不同,請參閱表I。實例12顯示觸媒成分(a):(b):(c)的莫爾為1:2:2,採用重量平均分子量600之寡聚物PDMS-PEG(聚(二甲基矽氧烷-b-環氧乙烷),甲基封端),所得產物的共軛二烯氫化率為97%。實例12顯示含有聚二元醇(polyglycol)片段的寡聚物可為本發明合適之觸媒成分(c)。
圖1至圖3顯示未氫化及已氫化之SBS三嵌段共聚物的1H-NMR光譜處理以分析其細部結構。觀察各圖之4.5-6ppm處之吸收峰可知,圖1之SBS三嵌段共聚物上之丁二烯基團未被氫化,圖2已被少量氫化,圖3則幾乎完全氫化。各圖之6.0-7.5ppm處係屬於在聚合物上的苯乙烯基團之吸收峰。
以上所述僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已,並非用以限定本發明之申請專利範圍;凡其它未脫離本發明所揭示之精神下所完成之等效改變或修飾,均應包含在下述之申請專利範圍內。

Claims (30)

  1. 一種選擇性氫化一共軛二烯聚合物的觸媒組合物,該共軛二烯聚合物包含共軛二烯單體或共軛二烯單體及乙烯芳香族單體之結合,該觸媒組合物包含以下成分:成分(a):如公式(I)所示之鈦化合物;
    Figure TWI665227B_C0001
    其中R1、R2可以是相同或不同的取代基,可選自氫、鹵素原子、C1~C8烷基及烷氧基、C6~C12的環烷基、苯基、苯氧基(phenoxy)、C7~C10芳香族化烷氧基(arylalkoxy)及芳香族化烷基(arylalkyl)、羧基(carboxyl)、-CH2P(苯基)2、-CH2Si(C1~C5烷基)3或-P(苯基)2,A代表相同或不同環戊二烯基、茚基、芴基或上述之衍生物;成分(b):選自以下項目之有機金屬化合物,R3Li、R3R4Mg、及R3R4R5Al,其中R3為氫原子、C1~C12的烷基、烷氧基或C6~C12芳香基或其烷氧基,R4、R5可為相同或不同之取代基,且為氫原子、鹵素原子、C1~C12的烷基或C6~C12芳香基;以及成分(c):寡聚物,該寡聚物包含一聚二元醇(polyglycol)片段,其中該成分(c)的重量平均分子量範圍在400~10,000之間。
  2. 如請求項1所述之觸媒組合物,其中該成分(c)為乙二醇或丙二醇的均聚型寡聚物、乙二醇及丙二醇的嵌段共聚型寡聚物、或乙二醇及丙二醇的亂排共聚型寡聚物。
  3. 如請求項2所述之觸媒組合物,其中該成分(c)為聚乙二醇-b-聚丙二醇之二嵌段共聚型寡聚物;或聚乙二醇-b-聚丙二醇-b-聚乙二醇之三嵌段共聚型寡聚物。
  4. 如請求項1所述之觸媒組合物,其中該成分(c)為聚(二甲基矽氧烷-b-環氧乙烷),甲基封端(PDMS-PEG,Poly(dimethylsiloxane-b-ethylene oxide),methyl terminated)。
  5. 如請求項1所述之觸媒組合物,其中該成分(a)對該成分(b)之莫爾比率為0.01至50。
  6. 如請求項1所述之觸媒組合物,其中該成分(c)對該成分(a)之莫爾比率之比率為0.1至10。
  7. 如請求項1所述之觸媒組合物,其中相對於100克的該共軛二烯聚合物,該成分(a)之使用量為0.0001mmole至50mmole。
  8. 如請求項1所述之觸媒組合物,其中該觸媒組合物可使該共軛二烯單體之未飽和雙鍵的氫化率為至少70%。
  9. 如請求項1所述之觸媒組合物,其中該觸媒組合物可使該共軛二烯單體之未飽和雙鍵的氫化率為至少70%且該乙烯芳香族單體之苯環雙鍵的氫化率低於5%。
  10. 一種選擇性氫化一共軛二烯聚合物的方法,包含:提供該共軛二烯聚合物,該共軛二烯聚合物包含共軛二烯單體或共軛二烯單體及乙烯芳香族單體之結合;及於存在一觸媒組合物狀況下氫化該共軛二烯聚合物,該觸媒組合物包含以下成分:成分(a):如公式(I)所示之鈦化合物;
    Figure TWI665227B_C0002
    其中R1、R2可以是相同或不同的取代基,可選自氫、鹵素原子、C1~C8烷基及烷氧基、C6~C12的環烷基、苯基、苯氧基(phenoxy)、C7~C10芳香族化烷氧基(arylalkoxy)及芳香族化烷基(arylalkyl)、羧基(carboxyl)、-CH2P(苯基)2、-CH2Si(C1~C5烷基)3或-P(苯基)2,A代表相同或不同環戊二烯基、茚基、芴基或上述之衍生物。成分(b):選自以下項目之有機金屬化合物,R3Li、R3R4Mg、及R3R4R5Al,其中R3為氫原子、C1~C12的烷基、烷氧基或C6~C12芳香基或其烷氧基,R4、R5可為相同或不同之取代基,且為氫原子、鹵素原子、C1~C12的烷基或C6~C12芳香基;以及成分(c):寡聚物,該寡聚物包含一聚二元醇(polyglycol)片段,其中該成分(c)的重量平均分子量範圍在400~10,000之間。
  11. 如請求項10所述之方法,其中該成分(c)為乙二醇或丙二醇的均聚型寡聚物;乙二醇及丙二醇的嵌段共聚型寡聚物;或乙二醇及丙二醇的亂排共聚型寡聚物。
  12. 如請求項11所述之方法,其中該成分(c)為聚乙二醇-b-聚丙二醇之二嵌段共聚型寡聚物;或聚乙二醇-b-聚丙二醇-b-聚乙二醇之三嵌段共聚型寡聚物。
  13. 如請求項10所述之方法,其中該成分(c)為聚(二甲基矽氧烷-b-環氧乙烷),甲基封端(PD MS-PEG,Poly(dimethylsiloxane-b-ethylene oxide),methyl terminated)。
  14. 如請求項10所述之方法,其中該成分(a)對該成分(b)之莫爾比率為0.01至50。
  15. 如請求項10所述之方法,其中該成分(c)對該成分(a)之莫爾比率之比率為0.1至10。
  16. 如請求項10所述之方法,其中相對於100克的該共軛二烯聚合物,該成分(a)之使用量為0.0001mmole至50mmole。
  17. 如請求項10所述之方法,其中該觸媒組合物可使該共軛二烯單體之未飽和雙鍵的氫化率為至少70%。
  18. 如請求項10所述之方法,其中該觸媒組合物可使該共軛二烯單體之未飽和雙鍵的氫化率為至少70%且該乙烯芳香族單體之苯環雙鍵的氫化率低於5%。
  19. 如請求項10所述之方法,更包含0℃至250℃下進行氫化反應。
  20. 如請求項10所述之方法,更包含在一氫氣壓力於0.1kg/cm2至150kg/cm2的範圍下進行氫化。
  21. 如請求項10所述之方法,其中該乙烯芳香族單體係獨立地選自以下項目所組成的群組:苯乙烯,叔丁基苯乙烯,α-甲基苯乙烯,鄰-甲基苯乙烯,對-甲基苯乙烯,雙乙烯基苯,1,1-雙苯基乙烯,乙烯基萘,N,N-雙甲基-對-乙基胺苯乙烯,N,N-雙乙基-對-乙基胺苯乙烯及其上述各項之任何組合;該共軛二烯單體係獨立地選自以下項目所組成的群組:1,3-丁二烯,異戊二烯,2,3-二甲基-1,3-丁二烯,1-甲基丁二烯,2-苯基-1,3-丁二烯,1,3-戊二烯,2-甲基-1,3-戊二烯,1,3-已二烯,4,5-二乙基-1,3-辛二烯,3-丁基-1,3-辛二烯及其上述各項之任何組合。
  22. 如請求項10所述之方法,其中該共軛二烯聚合物具有重量平均分子量範圍在40,000至500,000之間。
  23. 如請求項10所述之方法,其中該共軛二烯聚合物具有重量平均分子量範圍在70,000至300,000之間。
  24. 如請求項10所述之方法,其中該共軛二烯單體及該乙烯芳香族單體所結合之該共軛二烯聚合物為嵌段(Block)、亂序(Random)、漸進嵌段(Taper)排列。
  25. 如請求項10所述之方法,其中該共軛二烯單體及該乙烯芳香族單體所結合之該共軛二烯聚合物為苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、苯乙烯-異戊二烯共聚物及苯乙烯-(丁二烯/異戊二烯)共聚物其中之一。
  26. 如請求項25所述之方法,其中氫化後之該苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物為苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SEBS)。
  27. 如請求項25所述之方法,其中氫化後之該苯乙烯-異戊二烯共聚物為苯乙烯-乙烯-丙烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SEPS)。
  28. 如請求項25所述之方法,其中氫化後之該苯乙烯-(丁二烯/異戊二烯)共聚物為苯乙烯-乙烯-乙烯-丙烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SEEPS)。
  29. 如請求項10所述之方法,更包含使用選自以下項目之一氫化反應器:釜式反應器(Tank reactor)、環管反應器(Loop reactor)、塔式反應器(Column reactor),或連續式攪拌槽反應器(Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor,CSTR)。
  30. 一種氫化聚合物係以請求項10至29中任一項所述之方法製成。
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