TWI659093B - GaN單結晶材料之硏磨加工方法 - Google Patents
GaN單結晶材料之硏磨加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/04—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working plane surfaces
- B24B37/042—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working plane surfaces operating processes therefor
- B24B37/044—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working plane surfaces operating processes therefor characterised by the composition of the lapping agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B7/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B7/20—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground
- B24B7/22—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground for grinding inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
- B24B7/228—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground for grinding inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain for grinding thin, brittle parts, e.g. semiconductors, wafers
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- C08L81/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of polysulfones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L81/06—Polysulfones; Polyethersulfones
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- C09G—POLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
- C09G1/00—Polishing compositions
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09G—POLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
- C09G1/00—Polishing compositions
- C09G1/06—Other polishing compositions
- C09G1/14—Other polishing compositions based on non-waxy substances
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- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1454—Abrasive powders, suspensions and pastes for polishing
- C09K3/1463—Aqueous liquid suspensions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02002—Preparing wafers
- H01L21/02005—Preparing bulk and homogeneous wafers
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- H01L21/0201—Specific process step
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- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
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- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
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- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
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Abstract
本發明提供一種研磨加工方法,可利用CMP法於難加工材料之氮化鎵GaN的單結晶基板得到充分之研磨效率或研磨性能。於利用CMP法之研磨加工中,由於係在氧化性之研磨液的存在下,使用內含研磨粒之研磨墊來研磨由氮化鎵GaN所構成之單結晶基板表面,因此,可獲得低表面粗糙度,並適當地獲得高研磨效率。該研磨液為氧化還原電位為Ehmin(式(1)所定之值)mV~Ehmax(式(2)所定之值)mV,且pH為0.1~6.5之氧化性研磨液。
Ehmin(mV)=-33.9pH+750…(1)
Ehmax(mV)=-82.1pH+1491…(2)
Description
本發明係有關於一種有效率地將GaN單結晶材料之一面研磨成鏡面的研磨加工方法。
如半導體積體電路之電子裝置多設置在矽單結晶基板上,但對於需要較大電力之控制機能的電力元件等來說,正特別期待使用由電特性良好之氮化鎵GaN所構成的單結晶基板取代前述矽單結晶基板。使用有由如此之氮化鎵GaN所構成的單結晶基板之電力元件,因可處理大之電量,且發熱少並可小型化,正較佳地被使用於油電混合車或燃料電池車等中,作為控制馬達或發電機之轉數或轉矩的控制元件。又,由氮化鎵GaN所構成之單結晶基板之高頻特性優異,可期待被使用於無線電通信局、中繼站、移動電台等。
一般而言,超LSI之製造係使用於半導體晶圓形成大量之晶片,再於最終步驟中切割成各晶片尺寸的製法。最近,隨著超LSI製造技術之提升,集積度飛躍性地提
升,配線之多層化正在推進,故於形成各層之步驟中要求半導體晶圓全體之平坦化(global planarization)。用以實現如此之半導體晶圓全體之平坦化的方法之一,可舉CMP(Chemical Mechanical Polishing:化學機械研磨)法之研磨方法為例。該CMP法係將晶圓壓附於貼於平板上之不織布或發泡墊等之研磨墊後使其強制旋轉,並於其中流入含有微細研磨粒子(游離研磨粒)之漿體(例如於鹼水溶液等液體中分散有細粉末的濃之懸浮液)後進行研磨。利用此種CMP法,可藉由以液體成分進行之化學研磨與以研磨粒進行之機械研磨的相乘效果,進行精度較高之研磨加工。
然而,如此以往之CMP法於研磨加工方面相當耗時。又,於進行使用鑽石研磨粒作為研磨粒子之游離研磨粒加工時,雖可得到某程度之加工效率,但表面粗糙度將變得粗如Ra=10nm左右。相對於此,使用二氧化矽研磨粒進行游離研磨粒研磨加工時,表面粗糙度雖變細,但有加工效率下降且容易產生原因不明之刮傷的不良情形。
相對於此,有人提出了一種研磨SiC單結晶基板之研磨加工方法。例如,專利文獻1所記載之研磨加工方法。
專利文獻1:日本專利特開2008-068390號公報
前述專利文獻1之研磨加工方法發現於研磨液之氫離子濃度pH及氧化還原電位Eh之範圍中,可得高研磨效率且SiC單結晶基板之表面粗糙度低的特有研磨加工條件。然而,對於由研磨加工較SiC單結晶基板更為困難之氮化錄GaN所構成的單結晶基板,並不適合直接套用如此之研磨加工條件,不易有效率地降低該由氮化鎵GaN所構成之單結晶基板的表面粗糙度。
本發明係以以上情事為背景所構成者,其目的係提供一種利用CMP法研磨由甚難加工之材料之氮化鎵GaN所構成之單結晶基板,而得到充分研磨效率或研磨性能之研磨加工方法。
本發明人致力地持續研究開發利用如此之CMP法之難加工材料的研磨法,結果,於研磨液及研磨粒子之存在下,使用研磨墊利用用以平滑地研磨結晶材料表面之CMP法的研磨加工方法時,當於該研磨液中溶解氧化劑後賦予氧化性時,於該研磨液之氧化還原電位Eh及pH之範圍中,發現相對於由前述難加工材料之氮化鎵GaN所構成的單結晶基板成研磨效率或研磨性能特別優異者之特有領域,分別存在於拋光研磨粒固定型研磨墊及拋光研磨粒游離型研磨墊。本發明係依據此觀察所得知識所作成者。
換言之,第1發明之要旨係(a)一種研磨加工方法,於研磨液及複數拋光研磨粒之存在下,使用拋光研磨粒游離型研磨墊,並利用用以平滑地研磨結晶材料表面之
CMP法的研磨加工方法、(b)前述結晶材料為GaN之單結晶、(c)前述研磨液為氧化還原電位為Ehmin(式(1)所定之值)mV~Ehmax(式(2)所定之值)mV,且pH為0.1~6.5之氧化性研磨液。
Ehmin(mV)=-33.9pH+750…(1)
Ehmax(mV)=-82.1pH+1491…(2)
另外,第2發明之要旨係(d)一種研磨加工方法,於研磨液及複數拋光研磨粒之存在下,使用拋光研磨粒固定型研磨墊,並利用用以平滑地研磨結晶材料表面之CMP法的研磨加工方法、(e)前述結晶材料為GaN之單結晶、(f)前述研磨液為氧化還原電位為Ehmin(式(3)所定之值)mV~Ehmax(式(4)所定之值)mV,且pH為0.12~5.7之氧化性研磨液。
Ehmin(mV)=-27.2pH+738.4…(3)
Ehmax(mV)=-84.0pH+1481…(4)
依據第1發明,在利用CMP法之研磨加工中,由於係在氧化還原電位為Ehmin(式(1)所定之值)mV~Ehmax(式(2)所定之值)mV,且pH為0.1~6.5之氧化性研磨液的存在下,使用拋光研磨粒游離型研磨墊來研磨GaN單結晶之結晶材料表面,因此,可獲得低表面粗糙度,並適當地獲得高研磨效率。
依據第2發明,在利用CMP法之研磨加工中,由於係在氧化還原電位為Ehmin(式(3)所定之
值)mV~Ehmax(式(4)所定之值)mV,且pH為0.12~5.7之氧化性研磨液的存在下,使用拋光研磨粒固定型研磨墊來研磨GaN單結晶之結晶材料表面,因此,可獲得低表面粗糙度,並適當地獲得到高研磨效率。
此處,較佳者是前述拋光研磨粒游離型研磨墊為硬質聚胺甲酸乙酯樹脂製,前述研磨粒子為供給至該研磨墊之研磨液中所含的游離研磨粒。藉此,可更加提高研磨效率、可得低表面粗糙度,且由平面度等來看亦提高研磨精度。
又,較佳者是前述氧化性研磨液中添加有作為氧化還原電位調整劑之過錳酸鉀、重鉻酸鉀、或硫代硫酸鉀。藉此,可輕易地得到較佳之氧化性研磨液。
另,較佳者是前述拋光研磨粒固定型研磨墊具有具獨立氣孔或連通氣孔之母材樹脂,且在前述複數研磨粒子之一部分固著於前述母材樹脂中所形成之獨立氣孔或連通氣孔內或者一部分自該母材樹脂分離之狀態下,將前述複數研磨粒子收納於該母材樹脂內。藉此,因研磨粒子被包含於母材樹脂之連通氣孔內,可得更高的研磨效率與低表面粗糙度。又,因研磨粒子之消耗量變少,可使用高價位之研磨粒子。
又,較佳者是前述拋光研磨粒固定型研磨墊之母材樹脂是由環氧樹脂或聚醚碸(PES)樹脂所構成。藉此,可更加提高研磨效率。但,例如亦可使用:聚氟乙烯、氟乙烯.六氟丙烯共聚物、聚偏二氟乙烯、偏二氟乙烯.六氟丙烯
共聚物等氟系合成樹脂、或至少包含聚乙烯樹脂、及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯內之至少1種的合成樹脂等。
此外,較佳者是前述研磨粒子至少包含以下其中1種:鑽石、CBN(立方晶氮化硼)、B4C(碳化硼)、碳化矽、二氧化矽、氧化鈰、氧化鋁、氧化鋯、氧化鈦、錳氧化物、碳酸鋇、氧化鉻、及氧化鐵。藉此,有可使用具與可得良好之表面粗糙度的被研磨體相對應之硬度的研磨粒子之優點。前述研磨粒子以平均粒徑為0.005~10(μm)之範圍內為佳,並可較佳地使用例如,氣相二氧化矽(煙製二氧化矽:於氫或氧存在下使四氯化矽、氯矽烷等高溫燃燒後所得之二氧化矽微粒子)等,作為二氧化矽。又,以前述研磨粒子相對於前述研磨墊之體積比例於20~50(%)之範圍內、重量比例於51~90(%)之範圍內為佳。
另,較佳者是於使用前述拋光研磨粒固定型研磨墊研磨時,前述研磨液量為極微量,研磨平板之每面積為0.1~200ml/min/m2。藉此,可得到更高之研磨效率,且表面粗糙度將變得更細。
10‧‧‧研磨加工裝置
12‧‧‧研磨平板
13‧‧‧平板驅動馬達
14‧‧‧研磨墊(拋光研磨粒游離型研磨墊、拋光研磨粒固定型研磨墊)
16‧‧‧被研磨體(GaN單結晶材
料)
18‧‧‧工作架構件
20‧‧‧研磨液(潤滑劑)
22‧‧‧滴下噴嘴
24‧‧‧噴嘴
26‧‧‧研磨粒子
30‧‧‧連通氣孔
32‧‧‧母材樹脂
C1,C2,C3‧‧‧軸心
圖1係概念地顯示實施本發明之一適用例之研磨加工方法之研磨加工裝置構造的立體圖。
圖2係說明藉由掃描型電子顯微鏡放大圖1所示之研磨墊之表面組織之情形的模式圖。
圖3係分別顯示實施例1中試料1~試料14之研磨中所使用之研磨粒、研磨粒徑、研磨粒之硬度(努氏硬度)、研磨
液之氧化還原電位、pH、所得之研磨速率PR(nm/h)及表面粗糙度Ra之值的圖表。
圖4係描繪圖3之試料1~試料14之研磨中研磨液之氧化還原電位、及pH,且顯示可得良好之研磨領域的二維座標。
圖5係分別顯示實施例2中試料15~試料30之研磨中所使用之研磨粒、研磨粒徑、研磨粒之硬度(努氏硬度)、研磨液之氧化還原電位、pH、所得之研磨速率PR(nm/h)及表面粗糙度Ra之值的圖表。
圖6係分別顯示實施例2中試料31~試料32之研磨中所使用之研磨粒、研磨粒徑、研磨粒之硬度(努氏硬度)、研磨液之氧化還原電位、pH、所得之研磨速率PR(nm/h)及表面粗糙度Ra之值的圖表。
圖7係描繪圖5及圖6之試料15~試料32之研磨中研磨液之氧化還原電位、及pH,且顯示可得良好之研磨領域的二維座標。
以下,一併詳細地說明本發明之1適用例與圖式。
圖1係觀念地顯示去除研磨加工裝置10之重要部位的外框。該研磨加工裝置10係用以實施本發明之一例適用之CMP(Chemical Mechanical Polishing:化學機械研磨)法的研磨加工。於該圖1中,研磨加工裝置10中,研磨平板
12於可繞著與其垂直之軸心C1旋轉地支撐之狀態下設置,該研磨平板12藉由平板驅動馬達13,可朝圖中箭頭所示之1旋轉方向旋轉驅動。於該研磨平板12之上面,即被研磨體(GaN單結晶材料)16被壓附之面,貼附有研磨墊14。另一方面,於自前述研磨平板12上之軸心C1偏心之位置,吸附或使用保持框等於下面保持GaN晶圓等被研磨體16的工作架構件(載具)18,被配置成可於該軸心C2周圍旋轉,並被支撐成可朝其軸心C2方向移動,藉由未圖示之工作架驅動馬達或來自前述研磨平板12之轉矩,使該工作架構件18朝圖1之箭頭所示的1旋轉方向旋轉。於工作架構件18下面,即與前述研磨墊14相對之面,保持有GaN單結晶基板之被研磨體16,被研磨體16受到預定之載重被擠壓至研磨墊14。又,於研磨加工裝置10之工作架保持構件18之附近設置滴下噴嘴22及/或噴嘴24,將自未圖示之槽送出之氧化性水溶液的研磨液(潤滑劑)20供給至前述研磨平板12上。
另外,可視需要於前述研磨加工裝置10設置可於與研磨平板12之軸心C1平行的軸心C3周圍旋轉,且配置成可於該軸心C3方向及前述研磨平板12之直徑方向移動的未圖示之調整工具保持構件、及裝設於與該調整工具保持構件下面即前述研磨墊14對向之面的未圖示之如鑽石磨輪之研磨體調整工具(調節器),此種調整工具保持構件及裝附於其之研磨體調整工具,於受到未圖示之調整工具驅動馬達旋轉驅動的狀態下壓附至前述研磨墊14,且於研磨平板12之直徑方向上往復移動,藉此進行研磨墊14之研磨面的調整,可使該研磨墊14之表面狀態經常維持成適合研磨加工的狀態。
於利用前述研磨加工裝置10進行CMP法之研磨加工時,前述研磨平板12及貼附於其之研磨墊14、工作架構件18及其下面被保持之被研磨體16,於藉由前述平板驅動馬達13及工作架驅動馬達分別於其等之軸心周圍旋轉驅動的狀態下,來自前述滴下噴嘴22及/或噴嘴24之研磨液20被供給至前述研磨墊14表面上,且被保持於工作架保持構件18之被研磨體16被壓附至該研磨墊14。藉此,利用以下化學研磨作用與機械研磨作用平坦地研磨前述被研磨體16之被研磨面(即與前述研磨墊14相對之面),化學研磨作用係由前述研磨液20所進行,機械研磨作用係由內含於前述研磨墊14內且自該研磨墊14本身供給之研磨粒子26所進行。該研磨粒子26係使用例如,平均粒徑80nm左右之二氧化矽。
貼附於前述研磨平板12之研磨墊14係由硬質發泡聚胺甲酸乙酯樹脂所構成的拋光研磨粒游離型研磨墊、或由具收納有研磨例粒子26之獨立氣孔或連通氣孔之環氧樹脂或PES樹脂所構成的拋光研磨粒固定型研磨墊,具有例如,300(mmΦ)×5(mm)左右的尺寸。圖2係顯示該拋光研磨粒固定型(內含拋光研磨粒型)研磨墊之一例,其具有具連通氣孔30之母材樹脂32及多數研磨粒子26而圓板狀地形成。其中,多數研磨粒子26係填充於該母材樹脂32之連通氣孔30,一部分呈現固著於母材樹脂32之狀態或一部分呈現自母材樹脂32分離之狀態。該拋光研磨粒固定型(內含拋光研
磨粒型)研磨墊由例如,32容積%左右之研磨粒子26與33容積%左右之母材樹脂32與佔剩下容積之連通氣孔30所構成。圖2係顯示以掃描型電子顯微鏡放大該研磨墊14之組織的模式圖,形成為海綿狀或編織孔狀之母材樹脂32的連通氣孔30係形成為較研磨粒子26同等以上的大小,於該連通氣孔30內保持有多數研磨粒子26。該母材樹脂32與前述研磨粒子26必須藉由足夠的結合力互相固著。本實施例之研磨墊14例如,不需藉由含有膠體二氧化矽等之漿體,可藉由供給未含游離研磨粒之研磨液20的CMP法進行研磨加工。
於如以上所構成之研磨加工裝置10進行研磨加工時,研磨平板12及貼附於其之研磨墊14、工作架構件18及其下面被保持之被研磨體16,於藉由平板驅動馬達13及未圖示之工作架驅動馬達分別於其等之軸心周圍旋轉驅動的狀態下,自前述滴下噴嘴22供給例如,過錳酸鉀水溶液等氧化性研磨液20至前述研磨墊14表面上,且被保持於工作架保持構件18之被研磨體16被壓附至該研磨墊14之表面。藉此,利用以下化學研磨作用與機械研磨作用平坦地研磨前述被研磨體16之被研磨面(即與前述研磨墊14接觸之面),化學研磨作用係由前述研磨液20所進行,機械研磨作用係由前述研磨墊14本身供給之研磨粒子26所進行。
[實驗例1]
以下,說明本發明人等進行之實驗例1。首先,使用與圖1所示之研磨加工裝置10同樣地構成的裝置,於以下所示
之游離研磨粒研磨條件下,使用由硬質胺甲酸乙酯所構成的拋光研磨粒游離型研磨墊與拋光研磨粒,且氧化還原電位係使用過錳酸鉀及硫代硫酸鉀,pH使用硫酸與氫氧化鉀,調整至pH及氧化還原電位Eh相異,且分散有12.5重量%之研磨粒子的14種氧化性之研磨液,分別進行10mm×10mm×0.35mm之GaN單結晶板的試料1~試料14之研磨試驗。
[游離研磨粒研磨條件]
研磨加工裝置:Engis Hyprez EJW-380
研磨墊:硬質發泡聚胺甲酸乙酯製300mmΦ×2mmt(NITTA HAAS社製之IC1000)
研磨墊之旋轉數:60rpm
被研磨體(試料):GaN單結晶板(0001)
被研磨體之形狀:10mm×10mm×0.35mm之板3個
被研磨體旋轉數:60rpm
研磨負載(壓力):52.2kPa
研磨液供給量:10ml/min
研磨時間:120min
調節器:SD#325(電鍍鑽石磨輪)
圖3中顯示各試料1~試料14所使用之研磨粒之種類、研磨粒之平均粒徑(nm)、研磨粒之硬度(努氏硬度)、研磨液之氧化還原電位Eh(氫電極基準電位)、及氫離子濃度pH、研磨結果之研磨速率PR(nm/h)及表面粗糙度Ra(nm)。該等各試料1~試料14中,得到表面粗糙度Ra為2.3nm以下之
研磨面,且研磨速率7nm/h以上之研磨速率所得的試料1、2、4~6、8~14得到較佳之研磨結果。
圖4係於顯示研磨液之氧化還原電位Eh(氫電極基準電位)及氫離子濃度pH的二維座標中,顯示前述所得之較佳結果的試料1、2、4~6、8~14中使用的研磨液之氧化還原電位Eh(氫電極基準電位)及氫離子濃度pH的區域。於該區域中,氧化還原電位係設定在Ehmin(式(1)所定之值)mV~Ehmax(式(2)所定之值)mV的範圍,且pH係設定在0.1~6.5之範圍。式(1)為連接顯示試料4之點與顯示試料8之點的直線,式(2)為連接顯示試料11之點與顯示試料13之點的直線。
Ehmin(mV)=-33.9pH+750…(1)
Ehmax(mV)=-82.1pH+1491…(2)
[實驗例2]
以下,說明本發明人等進行之實驗例2。首先,使用與圖1所示之研磨加工裝置10同樣地構成的裝置,於以下所示之固定研磨粒研磨條件下,使用內含研磨粒之研磨墊,且氧化還原電位係使用過錳酸鉀及硫代硫酸鉀,pH使用硫酸與氫氧化鉀,調整至pH及氧化還原電位Eh相異的16種氧化性之研磨液,分別進行10mm×10mm×0.35mm之GaN單結晶板的試料15~試料30之研磨試驗。該研磨加工中各試料15~試料30所使用的內含研磨粒之研磨墊具有:具獨立氣孔之母材樹脂、及一部分固著於該母材樹脂或一部分自母材樹脂分離之狀態下被收納於該獨立氣孔內的研磨粒子,由例
如,二氧化矽(ρ=2.20)或氧化鋁(ρ=3.98)為10體積%、母材樹脂之環氧樹脂(ρ=1.15)為55體積%、獨立氣孔為35體積%所構成。又,試料31~32所使用之內含研磨粒之研磨墊具有:具連通氣孔之母材樹脂與被收納於該母材樹脂內之研磨粒子,由例如,二氧化矽(ρ=2.20)為32體積%、母材樹脂之聚醚碸(PES)樹脂(ρ=1.35)為33體積%、連通氣孔為35體積%所構成。內含研磨粒之研磨墊係例如,成形為500×500×2mm之片材狀,切出成300mmΦ之圓形者。
[固定研磨粒研磨條件]
研磨加工裝置:Engis Hyprez EJW-380
研磨墊:內含研磨粒之研磨墊300mmΦ×2mmt
研磨墊之旋轉數:60rpm
被研磨體(試料):GaN單結晶板(0001)
被研磨體之形狀:10mm×10mm×0.35mm之板3個
被研磨體旋轉數:60rpm
研磨負載(壓力):52.2kPa
研磨液供給量:10ml/min
研磨時間:120min
調節器:SD#325(電鍍鑽石磨輪)
圖5及圖6中顯示各試料15~試料32所使用之研磨粒之種類、研磨粒之平均粒徑(nm)、研磨粒之硬度(努氏硬度)、研磨液之氧化還原電位Eh(氫電極基準電位)、及氫離子濃度pH、研磨結果之研磨速率PR(nm/h)及表面粗糙度Ra(nm)。該等各試料15~試料32中,得到表面粗糙度Ra為
2.3nm以下之研磨面,且得到研磨速率7nm/h以上之研磨速率的試料16、17、19~24、27、29~32中得到較佳之研磨結果。
圖7係於顯示研磨液之氧化還原電位Eh(氫電極基準電位)及氫離子濃度pH的二維座標中,顯示前述所得之較佳結果的試料16、17、19~24、27、29~32中使用的研磨液之氧化還原電位Eh(氫電極基準電位)及氫離子濃度pH的區域。於該區域中,氧化還原電位係設定在Ehmin(式(3)所定之值)mV~Ehmax(式(4)所定之值)mV之範圍,且pH係設定在0.12~5.7之範圍。式(3)為連接顯示試料19之點與顯示試料22之點的直線,式(4)為連接顯示試料21之點與顯示試料27之點的直線。
Ehmin(mV)=-27.2pH+738.4…(3)
Ehmax(mV)=-84.0pH+1481…(4)
雖未例示其他之例,但本發明可於不脫離其旨趣之範圍內,添加各種變更後使用。
Claims (6)
- 一種研磨加工方法,係在研磨液及複數拋光研磨粒之存在下,使用拋光研磨粒游離型研磨墊,並利用用以平滑地研磨結晶材料表面之CMP法的研磨加工方法,其特徵在於,前述結晶材料為GaN之單結晶,且前述研磨液為氧化還原電位Eh為Ehmin(式(1)所定之值)mV~Ehmax(式(2)所定之值)mV,且pH為0.1~1.5及4.9~6.5之範圍內的氧化性研磨液,Ehmin(mV)=-33.9pH+750…(1) Ehmax(mV)=-82.1pH+1491…(2)。
- 一種研磨加工方法,於研磨液及複數拋光研磨粒之存在下,使用拋光研磨粒固定型研磨墊,並利用用以平滑地研磨結晶材料表面之CMP法的研磨加工方法,其特徵在於,前述結晶材料為GaN之單結晶,且前述研磨液為氧化還原電位Eh為Ehmin(式(3)所定之值)mV~Ehmax(式(4)所定之值)mV,且pH為0.12~5.7之氧化性研磨液,Ehmin(mV)=-27.2pH+738.4…(3) Ehmax(mV)=-84.0pH+1481…(4)。
- 如請求項1或2之研磨加工方法,其中前述氧化性研磨液中添加有作為氧化還原電位調整劑之過錳酸鉀、或硫代硫酸鉀。
- 如請求項1之研磨加工方法,其中前述拋光研磨粒游離型研磨墊是硬質發泡聚胺甲酸乙酯樹脂製,前述研磨粒子是供給至該研磨墊之研磨液中所含的游離研磨粒。
- 如請求項2之研磨加工方法,其中前述拋光研磨粒固定型研磨墊具有具獨立氣孔或連通氣孔之母材樹脂,且在前述複數研磨粒子之一部分固著於前述母材樹脂中所形成之獨立氣孔或連通氣孔內或者一部分自該母材樹脂分離之狀態下,將前述複數研磨粒子收納於該母材樹脂內。
- 如請求項2之研磨加工方法,其中前述拋光研磨粒固定型研磨墊之母材樹脂是由環氧樹脂或聚醚碸(PES)樹脂所構成。
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