TWI655982B - 一種3d列印材料、其製備方法及用途 - Google Patents

一種3d列印材料、其製備方法及用途 Download PDF

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TWI655982B
TWI655982B TW107125014A TW107125014A TWI655982B TW I655982 B TWI655982 B TW I655982B TW 107125014 A TW107125014 A TW 107125014A TW 107125014 A TW107125014 A TW 107125014A TW I655982 B TWI655982 B TW I655982B
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printing
aforementioned
adhesive
printing material
degreasing
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TW201943475A (zh
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侯春樹
周龍金
侯文潔
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大陸商昆山卡德姆新材料科技有限公司
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Abstract

本發明提供一種3D列印材料、其製備方法及用途,前述3D列印材料為線狀,按體積百分含量,包含16~82%的非金屬材料、17.9~83%的第一黏合劑及第二黏合劑0.1~1%;其藉由將非金屬材料預處理後與第一黏合劑混合並擠出得之;前述3D列印材料因非金屬材料的固體含量顯著提升,其得到的3D列印產品高溫燒結尺寸收縮小且變異少,產品良率提升;避免對原料的浪費,可以藉由控制不同線徑以及控制加熱溫度來控制產品表面的精度,提高產品的品質;另外,前述3D列印材料可透過簡單的熱電偶進行加熱熔融,減少能量消耗,降低生產成本,可快速列印製作複雜的產品,縮短開發流程,實現量產普及化。

Description

一種3D列印材料、其製備方法及用途
本發明屬於3D列印技術領域,關於一種3D列印材料、其製備方法及用途。
3D列印(3D printing)技術又稱三維列印技術,係一種以數字模型檔為基礎,運用粉末狀或塑膠等可黏合材料,藉由逐層列印的方式來構造物體的技術。其無需機械加工或任何模具,就能直接從電腦圖形數據中生成任何形狀的零件,從而極大地縮短產品的研製週期,提高生產率及降低生產成本。諸如燈罩、身體器官、珠寶、根據球員腳型訂製的足球鞋、賽車零件、固態電池以及為個人訂製的手機、小提琴等產品皆可以用該技術製造出來。
3D列印技術實際上係一系列快速原型成型技術的統稱,其基本原理皆係疊層製造,由快速原型機在X-Y平面內藉由掃描形式形成工件的截面形狀,而在Z座標間斷地作層面厚度的位移,最終形成三維製件。目前市場上的快速成型技術分為3DP技術、SLA(全名為Stereolithography Apparatus)立體光固化技術、SLS(全名為Selective Laser Sintering)選擇性雷射燒結技術、DMLS(全名為Direct Metal Laser-Sintering) 直接金屬雷射燒結技術及FDM(全名為Fused Deposition Modeling)熔融沉積成型技術等。
3D列印技術最早應用在塑膠材料上。FDM熔融沉積成型技術為目前主要方式,其係將熱熔性材料加熱融化,同時三維噴頭在電腦的控制下,根據截面輪廓資訊,將材料選擇性地塗敷在工作臺上,快速冷卻後形成一層截面。一層成型完成後,機器工作臺下降一個高度(即分層厚度)繼續成型,直至形成整個實體造型。其成型材料種類多,成型件精度較高、價格便宜,主要適用於成型小塑膠件。然而此方式產生的塑膠產品強度低並不能滿足客戶的要求。為了增加產品的強度,改善產品的性能,DMLS技術採用合金粉體材料為原料,利用金屬經聚焦後之能量雷射將原料熔融後進行3D列印疊層。其具有高精度、高強度,速度快,成品表面光滑等特點,一般應用於航空航太以及工業用配件製造行業,可用於高階模具設計等。但雷射燒結設備複雜,製備過程能耗高,綜合考慮產品解析度、設備費用、產品外觀要求及量產能力等因素,目前仍無法大量普及應用且不適合高熔點的非金屬材料使用。所以目前非金屬材料的3D列印方式一般是使用SLA(全名為Stereolithography Apparatus)立體光固化技術來滿足目前工業的需求,此工藝需要經過成型、脫脂、燒結等製程。而且使用漿料狀態故其產品的燒結收縮率偏大,熱變形亦大。
CN106270510A中揭示一種利用塑膠3D印表機列印製造金屬/合金零件的方法,該方法包含燒結原材料前處理、原材料包覆、粉末還原、3D列印、脫脂、燒結等步驟。CN106426916A中揭示一種3D列印方法,包含:混合粉末狀待加工材料及粉末狀尼龍材料;採用選擇性雷射 燒結技術熔化前述尼龍材料以黏合前述待加工材料形成生坯;加熱前述生坯進行熱脫脂以使前述尼龍材料揮發;加熱前述生坯至前述待加工材料的燒結溫度以對前述生坯進行燒結;將前述生坯的環境溫度降至室溫以得到緻密零件。上述兩種方法雖然都將粉末射出成型與3D列印技術相結合,然而其餵料模式均為粉狀或顆粒狀,主要存在以下缺點:使用粉狀或顆粒狀的原料進行3D列印時,需要將原料由下至上逐層在全區鋪展塗佈,大大增加餵料量,造成材料的浪費。在熔融過程中因熱區過大,材料之間易熔融交聯,使用雷射加熱熔解結合時,因高分子材料的熔點低而易造成周邊材料也被加熱熔融,進而影響其產品精度及外觀。同時粉體狀或顆粒狀餵料的形態不規則,因此無法進行有效均勻的塗佈,易造成產品表面厚度不均。
CN104669407A揭示陶瓷列印的方式係在每一層石蠟上添加陶瓷粉體,此方式容易造層分析及產品接合強度問題。隨後有漿料陶瓷粉體的模式被提出,進而演化至光固化漿料模式。光固化漿料為維持其高流動性以達到快速穩定鋪排工作臺面,其陶瓷粉體固體含量偏低,導致後製程燒結收縮率偏高使得產品容易變形。
CN105728729A揭示一種金屬/陶瓷粉末成型方法,包含步驟如下:將熱塑性黏合劑與金屬粉末或陶瓷粉末混合,並擠出成型用於熔融沉積型3D印表機的列印材料。然而,該成型方法得到的列印材料的粉體固體含量無法提升,只能達到14%~15%,且使用該列印材料列印出的產品的高溫燒結收縮率高達47%~48%,而正常CIM中的高溫燒結收縮率在20%~30%,隨著黏合劑的增多,產品在高溫燒結容易變形扭曲,因此 不利於量產。
CN106984805A揭示一種3D列印用餵料及其製備方法和應用,前述餵料為高分子黏合劑包覆的金屬粉體,呈線狀。前述線狀餵料經由3D印表機列印出預設形狀的生坯後,依次經過脫脂、燒結,可得到結構複雜、精度高的金屬產品。然而,該製備方法無法用於非金屬材料,因為金屬粉體粒度分佈D90在20~25μm(指粒徑在20~25μm以下的顆粒佔總物料的90wt%),而非金屬粉體粒度分佈D90在0.5~1.0μm(粗粒徑的非金屬粉體得到的3D列印材料會導致產品存在燒結緻密性問題,密度會偏低,機械性能亦會降低),所以單位重量下的非金屬粉體的總體表面積遠大於金屬粉體的總體表面積,在相同的高分子黏合劑的含量下非金屬材料的流動性遠低於金屬材料的流動性。在此情況下無法將非金屬材料製備成高固體含量的線材,進而用於3D列印。因此,使非金屬材料可以運用此工藝技術來達到與金屬材料相同的效果是業者努力的方向。
【先前技術文獻】 【專利文獻】
【專利文獻1】CN106270510A
【專利文獻2】CN106426916A
【專利文獻3】CN104669407A
【專利文獻4】CN105728729A
【專利文獻5】CN106984805A
以下是對本發明詳細描述的主題的概述。本概述並非是為限制申請專利範圍的保護範圍。
本發明之目的在於提供一種3D列印材料、其製備方法及用途,前述3D列印材料中非金屬材料的固體含量顯著提升,其得到的3D列印產品高溫燒結尺寸收縮小且變異少,產品良率提升;同時避免現有粉末射出成型技術與3D列印技術光敏樹酯結合時,因餵料固化形態而導致的原料浪費、設備複雜昂貴及精度不足等問題,其製備方法簡單,可廣泛用於3D列印。
本發明如無特殊說明,所記載之vol%係指體積百分含量,wt%係指質量百分含量。
為達此目的,本發明採用以下技術手段:本發明之目的之一在於提供一種3D列印材料,前述3D列印材料為線狀,按體積百分含量,包含如下組分:非金屬材料 16~82%;第一黏合劑 17.9~83%;第二黏合劑 0.1~1%。
前述3D列印材料中非金屬材料的體積百分含量為16~82%,如16%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%或82%等;第一黏合劑的體積百分含量為17.9~83%,如17.9%、30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%或82%等;第二黏合劑的體積百分含量為0.1~1%,如0.2%、0.3%、0.5%、0.8%或0.9%等。
所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者習知,前述3D列印材料中的組分總的體積百分含量之和應為100%。
前述3D列印材料中非金屬材料的固體含量顯著提升,其得到的3D列印產品高溫燒結尺寸收縮小且變異少,產品良率提升;同時避免現有粉末射出成型技術與3D列印技術光敏樹酯結合時,因餵料固化形態而導致的原料浪費、設備複雜昂貴及精度不足等問題。
所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者習知,前述第一黏合劑及第二黏合劑在製備列印件後的脫脂及高溫燒結過程中能夠脫除。
本發明實施例提供的3D列印材料應用於3D列印時,可以根據列印件每層所需的材料量進行供料,節省原料;同時可以藉由選擇不同線徑以及控制加熱溫度來控制產品表面的精度;且前述3D列印材料採用普通的熱電偶加熱即可熔融,不需要昂貴的光固化印表機設備。
前述線狀3D列印材料的直徑為0.1~5mm,如0.1mm、0.5mm、1mm、1.5mm、2mm、2.5mm、3mm、3.5mm、4mm、4.5mm或5mm等,理想為1~3mm,進一步理想為1.75mm。
前述非金屬材料的粒度分佈D90為0.5~1.0μm(指粒徑為 0.5~1.0μm以下的顆粒佔總物料的90wt%),如0.6μm、0.7μm、0.8μm或0.9μm等。粉體粒徑越小其單位重量的表面積越大,要得到相同流動性的高分子含量越高,因此其開模放大率(Oversizing factor,OSF)越大;同時在混練過程中易因粉體摩擦熱造成高分子裂解產生刺鼻辛辣味,故使用第二黏合劑可以維持細粉的燒結特性外,又可以得到低OSF高流動性。
理想地,前述非金屬材料選自氧化物陶瓷材料、碳化物陶瓷材料、氮化物陶瓷材料或石墨材料中的任意一種或至少兩種的組合,典型但非限制性的組合如氧化物陶瓷材料與碳化物陶瓷材料、氧化物陶瓷材料與氮化物陶瓷材料、碳化物陶瓷材料與石墨材料。
前述氧化物陶瓷材料理想為氧化鋁陶瓷、氧化鋯陶瓷或壓電陶瓷中的任意一種或至少兩種的組合,典型但非限制性的組合如氧化鋁陶瓷與氧化鋯陶瓷、氧化鋁陶瓷、氧化鋯陶瓷及壓電陶瓷。
前述碳化物陶瓷材料理想為碳化矽陶瓷、碳化鎢陶瓷、碳化釩陶瓷、碳化鈦陶瓷、碳化鉭陶瓷或碳化硼陶瓷中的任意一種或至少兩種的組合,典型但非限制性的組合如碳化矽陶瓷與碳化鎢陶瓷、碳化釩陶瓷、碳化鈦陶瓷與碳化鉭陶瓷、碳化硼陶瓷、碳化矽陶瓷、碳化鎢陶瓷與碳化釩陶瓷。
前述氮化物陶瓷材料理想為氮化鋁陶瓷、氮化矽陶瓷、氮化硼陶瓷、氮化鈦陶瓷或氮化鉻陶瓷中的任意一種或至少兩種的組合,典型但非限制性的組合如氮化鋁陶瓷與氮化矽陶瓷、氮化硼陶瓷、氮化鈦陶瓷與氮化鉻陶瓷。
前述壓電陶瓷,如鈦鋯酸鉛(PZT)陶瓷系列、鈦酸鍶鉍 (SBT)陶瓷系列。
理想地,前述第一黏合劑選自塑基黏合劑及/或蠟基黏合劑。
前述塑基黏合劑的主填充劑理想為聚甲醛(POM),前述蠟基黏合劑的主填充劑理想為石蠟(PW)。
理想地,前述第二黏合劑選自熱固性高分子材料及/或熱塑性高分子材料,理想為熱固性高分子材料。
理想地,前述熱固性高分子材料選自酚醛樹脂、脲醛樹脂、三聚氰胺樹脂、不飽和聚酯樹脂、環氧樹脂、有機矽樹脂或聚胺酯中的任意一種或至少兩種的組合。典型但非限制性的組合如酚醛樹脂、脲醛樹脂與三聚氰胺樹脂、不飽和聚酯樹脂與環氧樹脂、有機矽樹脂與聚胺酯。主要設計要點係熱固性高分子結團後在後續密練過程中不會粉碎造成黏合劑不足而降低流動性。
理想地,前述熱塑性高分子材料選自聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲醛、聚碳酸酯、聚醯胺、丙烯酸類塑膠、聚碸或聚苯醚中的任意一種或至少兩種的組合。典型但非限制性的組合如聚丙烯與聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲醛與聚碳酸酯、聚醯胺與丙烯酸類塑膠、聚碸與聚苯醚。前述熱塑性高分子材料亦可以為其他聚烯烴及其共聚物。
本發明的目的之二在於提供一種如上所述的3D列印材料的製備方法,前述製備方法包含如下步驟:(1)將配方量的非金屬材料與配方量的第二黏合劑混合後進行造粒,得到粒料; (2)將前述粒料與配方量的第一黏合劑混合,得到混合料;(3)將前述混合料擠出,得到前述3D列印材料。
步驟(1)前述非金屬材料的粒度分佈D90為0.5~1.0μm(指粒徑為0.5~1.0μm以下的顆粒佔總物料的90wt%),如0.6μm、0.7μm、0.8μm或0.9μm等。
步驟(1)得到的粒料的粒度分佈D90為30~100μm(指粒徑為30~100μm以下的顆粒佔總物料的90wt%),如40μm、45μm、50μm、55μm、62μm、67μm、69μm、70μm、75μm、80μm、90μm或95μm等,理想為30~50μm。
理想地,步驟(1)所記載之造粒為噴霧乾燥造粒,前述噴霧乾燥造粒可以快速安全有效得到所要的粒度分佈粉體。
理想地,步驟(2)所記載之混合包含混煉。
理想地,前述混煉時混煉機的腔體溫度為165~220℃,理想為175~200℃,如170℃、175℃、180℃、185℃、190℃、195℃或210℃等,進一步理想為185℃。
理想地,前述混煉的時間為0.5~2小時,如0.6小時、0.8小時、1小時、1.2小時、1.5小時、1.8小時或2小時等,理想為1小時。
作為理想的技術手段,前述3D列印材料的製備方法包含如下步驟:(1)將配方量的粒度分佈D90為0.5~1.0μm的非金屬材料與配方量的第二黏合劑混合後進行噴霧乾燥造粒,得到粒度分佈D90為30~100μm的粒料; (2)將前述粒料與配方量的第一黏合劑進行混煉,混煉時腔體的溫度為165~220℃,混煉時間為0.5~2小時,得到混合料;(3)將前述混合料擠出,得到前述3D列印材料。
本發明實施例提供的3D列印材料的製備方法,首先將D90在0.5~1.0μm的超細非金屬粉體進行預處理製程,即將非金屬粉體置於含熱固性高分子的溶劑內浸泡後再經噴霧乾燥製程,以120~140℃形成半固化粉團,使其粉體可以形成較大團狀且其總體表面積大幅減少,之後再將其與第一黏合劑混合均勻,擠出,得到高固體含量的線狀3D列印材料。經過上述含有第二黏合劑的溶劑的預處理,才能在相同的第一黏合劑含量下得到高固體含量及高韌性的線狀3D列印材料。
本發明的目的之三在於提供一種3D列印方法,前述3D列印方法使用如上所述的3D列印材料。
作為理想的技術手段,前述3D列印方法包含如下步驟:(1)以3D列印材料為原料,經由3D印表機列印出預設形狀的生坯;(2)將生坯進行脫脂,得到褐坯;(3)將褐坯進行燒結,得到成型件。
步驟(2)所記載之脫脂使得80%以上的總黏合劑(第一黏合劑及第二黏合劑的總量)可以脫離產品,其脫脂量越高,在後段燒結製程的開裂不良會大幅降低,如82wt%、85wt%、88wt%、89wt%、90wt%、92wt%或95wt%等。
理想地,步驟(2)所記載之脫脂選自熱脫脂、水脫脂、催 化脫脂或溶劑脫脂中的任意一種或至少兩種的組合,典型但非限制性的組合如熱脫脂與水脫脂、催化脫脂與溶劑脫脂、熱脫脂、水脫脂與催化脫脂。
理想地,前述催化脫脂的催化劑為硝酸及/或草酸。
理想地,步驟(3)所記載之燒結的溫度為1200~1500℃,如1210℃、1220℃、1230℃、1240℃、1250℃、1300℃、1350℃、1400℃、1450℃或1480℃等,理想為1300~1450℃。
理想地,步驟(3)所記載之燒結的時間為2~3小時,如2小時、2.1小時、2.2小時、2.3小時、2.4小時、2.5小時、2.6小時、2.7小時、2.8小時、2.9小時或3小時等。
理想地,步驟(3)所記載之燒結後進一步進行後加工,所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者可根據實際情況對燒結件進行後加工,後加工的方式可自主選擇。
作為理想的技術手段,前述3D列印方法包含如下步驟:(1)以3D列印材料為原料,經由3D印表機列印出預設形狀的生坯;(2)將生坯進行脫脂,脫除80wt%以上的總黏合劑,得到褐坯;(3)將褐坯進行燒結,得到燒結件,燒結的溫度為1200~1500℃,時間為2~3小時,將燒結件進行後加工,得到成型件。
本發明實施例提供的3D列印方法將粉末射出成型技術與3D列印技術相結合,得到一種線狀的高固體含量非金屬3D列印材料,將其應用於3D列印時,可以根據列印件每層所需的材料量進行供料,節省 原料;同時可以藉由選擇餵料的不同線徑以及控制加熱溫度來控制產品表面的精度;且本發明實施例製備的餵料採用普通的熱電偶加熱即可熔融,不需要昂貴的光固化印表機設備。
本發明的目的之四在於提供一種提高3D列印材料中非金屬含量的方法,前述方法採用如上所述的3D列印材料。
理想地,前述方法包含如下步驟:(1)將配方量的非金屬材料與配方量的第二黏合劑混合後進行造粒,得到粒料;(2)將前述粒料與配方量的第一黏合劑混合,得到混合料;(3)將前述混合料擠出,得到非金屬材料的體積百分含量不小於16%的3D列印材料。前述3D列印材料中非金屬材料的體積百分含量可達到82%。前述3D列印材料中非金屬材料的體積百分含量為16~82%,如16%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%或80%等。
本發明實施例所記載之數值範圍不僅包含上述例舉的點值,亦包含沒有例舉出的上述數值範圍之間的任意的點值,限於篇幅及出於簡明的考慮,本發明不再窮盡列舉前述範圍包含的具體點值。
與先前技術相比,本發明實施例的有益效果為:
(1)本發明實施例提供的3D列印材料中非金屬材料的固體含量顯著提升,其得到的3D列印產品高溫燒結尺寸收縮小且變異少,產品良率提 升10~30%;同時避免現有粉末射出成型技術與3D列印技術光敏樹酯結合時,因餵料固化形態而導致的原料浪費、設備複雜昂貴及精度不足等問題。
(2)本發明實施例提供的3D列印材料可以藉由控制不同線徑以及控制加熱溫度來控制3D列印層的厚度進而提高產品表面的精度及產品的品質。
(3)本發明實施例提供的3D列印材料可透過簡單的熱電偶進行加熱熔融處理,不需要複雜且昂貴的雷射加熱設備,減少能耗,降低生產成本,可廣泛用於3D列印。
(4)本發明實施例提供的3D列印材料的製備方法顯著提升3D列印材料中非金屬材料的固體含量,能夠使得非金屬含量達到82wt%,方法簡單,容易操作;
(5)本發明實施例提供的3D列印方法將粉末注射成型技術和3D列印技術相結合,可以快速列印製作複雜的產品,縮短開發流程,實現量產普及化。
在閱讀並理解附圖及詳細描述後,可以明白其他方面。
圖1係本發明一種實施方式提供的3D列印工藝流程圖。
下面結合附圖並藉由具體實施方式來進一步說明本發明實 施例的技術手段。
一種3D列印方法,如圖1所示,包含如下步驟:(1)製備線狀3D列印材料,以3D列印材料為原料,經由3D印表機列印出預設形狀的生坯;(2)將生坯進行脫脂,脫除第一黏合劑的80wt%以上,得到褐坯;(3)將褐坯進行燒結,得到燒結件,燒結的溫度為1200~1500℃,時間為2~3小時,將燒結件進行後加工,得到成型件。
前述製備線狀3D列印材料進一步可包含如下步驟:(1)將粒度分佈D90為0.5~1.0μm的非金屬材料與第二黏合劑混合後進行噴霧乾燥造粒,得到粒度分佈D90為30~100μm的粒料;(2)將上述(1)的粒料與第一黏合劑進行混煉,混煉時腔體的溫度為165~220℃,混煉時間為0.5~2小時,得到混合料;(3)將前述混合料擠出,得到前述3D列印材料。
實施例1
一種高固體含量非金屬3D列印材料,其為線狀,按體積百分含量包含44vol%氧化鋯陶瓷粉、55.5vol%的第一黏合劑及第二黏合劑0.5vol%。
前述高固體含量非金屬3D列印材料的製備方法包含如下步驟:(1)將粒度分佈D90為0.5~1.0μm的氧化鋯陶瓷粉與第二黏合劑(酚醛樹酯溶液)混合後進行噴霧乾燥造粒,以120℃的溫度乾燥,獲得半固化態的粉團顆粒,其粒度分佈D90為30~100μm;(2)將氧化鋯陶瓷粉與第一黏合劑混合,前述第一黏合劑包含:聚 甲醛85wt%、骨幹高分子11wt%、增塑劑1wt%、抗氧化劑0.5wt%、熱穩定劑0.5wt%、增韌劑1wt%、潤滑劑高分子1wt%;將前述原料加入密煉機中,在180℃下混煉1小時;(3)利用擠出機將步驟(1)混煉後得到的材料擠出為直徑為1.75mm的線狀材料,冷卻後得到前述高固體含量非金屬3D列印材料,將前述線狀料捲繞為盤狀備用。
利用前述高固體含量非金屬3D列印材料的列印方法包含如下步驟:(1)將前述線狀餵料作為原料,經由3D印表機列印出預設形狀的生坯;(2)將步驟(1)得到的生坯在110℃下,使用硝酸為介質脫脂4小時,脫除第一黏合劑,得到褐坯;(3)將步驟(2)得到的褐坯置於高溫大氣爐中,在1450℃下燒結3小時,冷卻後得到氧化鋯陶瓷產品。
前述成型件的性能為:因增加粉團結構降低總粉體表面積,故粉團容易結成團狀,且其高分子膜厚度增加使其餵料的流動性高(>MFI 1200),卷成線盤狀,其韌性高,適合自動送料加工。
實施例2
一種高固體含量非金屬3D列印材料,其為線狀,按體積百分含量包含40vol%氧化鋯陶瓷粉、59.2vol%的第一黏合劑及第二黏合劑0.8vol%。
前述高固體含量非金屬3D列印材料的製備方法包含如下步驟: (1)將粒度分佈D90為0.5~1.0μm的氧化鋯陶瓷粉與第二黏合劑(酚醛樹酯溶液)混合後在溫度為120℃條件下進行噴霧乾燥造粒,得到半固化態的粉團,其粒度分佈D90為30~100μm的粒料;(2)將氧化鋯陶瓷粉與第一黏合劑混合,前述第一黏合劑包含:聚甲醛85wt%、骨幹高分子11wt%、增塑劑1wt%、抗氧化劑0.5wt%、熱穩定劑0.5wt%、增韌劑1wt%、潤滑劑高分子1wt%;將前述原料加入密煉機中,在180℃下混煉1小時;(3)利用擠出機將步驟(1)混煉後得到的材料擠出為直徑為1.75mm的線狀材料,冷卻後得到前述高固體含量非金屬3D列印用餵料,將前述線狀餵料捲繞為盤狀備用。
利用前述高固體含量非金屬3D列印材料的列印方法包含如下步驟:(1)將前述線狀餵料作為原料,經由3D印表機列印出預設形狀的生坯;(2)將步驟(1)得到的生坯在110℃下,使用硝酸為介質脫脂4小時,脫除第一黏合劑後得到褐坯;(3)將步驟(2)得到的褐坯置於高溫大氣爐中,在1450℃下燒結3小時,冷卻後得到氧化鋯陶瓷產品。
前述成型件的性能為:因增加粉團結構降低總粉體表面積,故粉團容易結成團狀,且其高分子膜厚度增加使其餵料的流動性高(>MFI 1200),卷成線盤狀,其韌性高,適合自動送料加工。
實施例3
一種高固體含量非金屬3D列印材料,其為線狀,按體積百分含量包含50vol%氧化鋁-氧化鋯陶瓷粉、49vol%的第一黏合劑及第二黏合劑1.0vol%。
前述高固體含量非金屬3D列印材料的製備方法包含如下步驟:(1)將粒度分佈D90為0.5~1.0μm的氧化鋁-氧化鋯陶瓷粉與第二黏合劑(酚醛樹酯溶液)混合後進行噴霧乾燥造粒,以120℃的溫度乾燥,獲得半固化態的粉團顆粒,其粒度分佈D90為30~100μm的粒料;(2)將氧化鋁-氧化鋯陶瓷粉與第一黏合劑混合,前述第一黏合劑包含:聚甲醛85wt%、骨幹高分子11wt%、增塑劑1wt%、抗氧化劑0.5wt%、熱穩定劑0.5wt%、增韌劑1wt%、潤滑劑高分子1wt%;將前述原料加入密煉機中,在180℃下混煉1小時;(3)利用擠出機將步驟(1)混煉後得到的材料擠出為直徑為1.75mm的線狀材料,冷卻後得到前述高固體含量非金屬3D列印用餵料,將前述線狀餵料捲繞為盤狀備用。
利用前述高固體含量非金屬3D列印材料的列印方法包含如下步驟:(1)將前述線狀餵料作為原料,經由3D印表機列印出預設形狀的生坯;(2)將步驟(1)得到的生坯在110℃下,使用硝酸為介質脫脂4小時,脫除第一黏合劑後得到褐坯;(3)將步驟(2)得到的褐坯置於高溫大氣爐中,在1500℃下燒結3 小時,冷卻後得到氧化鋁增韌氧化鋯陶瓷產品。
前述成型件的性能為:因增加粉團結構降低總粉體表面積,故粉團容易結成團狀,且其高分子膜厚度增加使其餵料的流動性高(>MFI 1200),卷成線盤狀,其韌性高,適合自動送料加工。
實施例4
一種高固體含量非金屬3D列印材料,其為線狀,按體積百分含量包含16vol%石墨材料、83.4vol%的第一黏合劑及第二黏合劑0.6vol%。
前述高固體含量非金屬3D列印材料的製備方法包含如下步驟:(1)將粒度分佈D90為0.5~1.0μm的石墨材料與第二黏合劑(酚醛樹酯溶液)混合,在120℃的條件下進行噴霧乾燥造粒,獲得半固化態的粉團顆粒,其粒度分佈D90為30~100μm的粒料;(2)將石墨材料與第一黏合劑混合,前述第一黏合劑包含:聚甲醛及石蠟合計85wt%、骨幹高分子11wt%、增塑劑1wt%、抗氧化劑0.5wt%、熱穩定劑0.5wt%、增韌劑1wt%、潤滑劑高分子1wt%;將前述原料加入密煉機中,在165℃下混煉2小時;(3)利用擠出機將步驟(1)混煉後得到的材料擠出為直徑為0.1mm的線狀材料,冷卻後得到前述高固體含量非金屬3D列印材料,將前述線狀料捲繞為盤狀備用。
利用前述高固體含量非金屬3D列印材料的列印方法包含如下步驟:(1)將前述線狀餵料作為原料,經由3D印表機列印出預設形狀的生 坯;(2)將步驟(1)得到的生坯在110℃下,使用石化劑為溶劑脫脂24小時,脫除第一黏合劑,得到褐坯;(3)將步驟(2)得到的褐坯置於高溫真空爐中,在1850℃下燒結3小時,冷卻後得到石墨產品。
前述成型件的性能為:因增加粉團結構降低總粉體表面積,故粉團容易結成團狀,且其高分子膜厚度增加使其餵料的流動性高(>MFI 1200),卷成線盤狀,其韌性高,適合自動送料加工。
實施例5
一種高固體含量非金屬3D列印材料,其為線狀,按體積百分含量包含82vol%氮化矽陶瓷粉體、17.9vol%的第一黏合劑及第二黏合劑0.1vol%。
前述高固體含量非金屬3D列印材料的製備方法包含如下步驟:(1)將粒度分佈D90為0.5~1.0μm的氮化矽陶瓷粉體與第二黏合劑(酚醛樹酯溶液)混合,在120℃的條件下進行噴霧乾燥造粒,獲得半固化態的粉團顆粒,其粒度分佈D90為30~100μm的粒料;(2)將氮化矽陶瓷粉體與第一黏合劑混合,前述第一黏合劑包含:聚甲醛85wt%、骨幹高分子11wt%、增塑劑1wt%、抗氧化劑0.5wt%、熱穩定劑0.5wt%、增韌劑1wt%、潤滑劑高分子1wt%;將前述原料加入密煉機中,在220℃下混煉0.5小時;(3)利用擠出機將步驟(1)混煉後得到的材料擠出為直徑為5mm 的線狀材料,冷卻後得到前述高固體含量非金屬3D列印材料,將前述線狀料捲繞為盤狀備用。
利用前述高固體含量非金屬3D列印材料的列印方法包含如下步驟:(1)將前述線狀餵料作為原料,經由3D印表機列印出預設形狀的生坯;(2)將步驟(1)得到的生坯在110℃下,使用硝酸為介質脫脂4小時,脫除第一黏合劑,得到褐坯;(3)將步驟(2)得到的褐坯置於高溫真空爐中,在1800℃下燒結2.5小時,冷卻後得到氮化矽陶瓷產品。
前述成型件的性能為:因增加粉團結構降低總粉體表面積,故粉團容易結成團狀,且其高分子膜厚度增加使其餵料的流動性高(>MFI 1200),卷成線盤狀,其韌性高,適合自動送料加工。
實施例6
一種高固體含量非金屬3D列印材料,其組分及製備方法除將50%氧化鋁-氧化鋯陶瓷粉替換為55%碳化矽陶瓷粉體,並適應性調整第一黏合劑的體積百分含量外,其餘與實施例3相同。
使用上述方法得到的3D列印材料,利用實施例3所記載之列印方法成型氧化鋁增韌氧化鋯陶瓷產品。前述成型件的性能為:因增加粉團結構降低總粉體表面積,故粉團容易結成團狀,且其高分子膜厚度增加使其餵料的流動性高(>MFI 1200),卷成線盤狀,其韌性高,適合自動送料加工。
實施例7
一種3D列印材料的製備方法除步驟(1)得到粒度分佈D90為5~20μm的粒料外,其餘與實施例3相同。
使用上述方法得到的3D列印材料,利用實施例3所記載之列印方法成型氧化鋁增韌氧化鋯陶瓷產品。前述成型件的性能為:因增加粉團結構降低總粉體表面積,故粉團容易結成團狀,且其高分子膜厚度增加使其餵料的流動性高(>MFI 1200),卷成線盤狀,其韌性高,適合自動送料加工。
實施例8
一種3D列印材料的製備方法除步驟(1)得到粒度分佈D90為120~180μm的粒料外,其餘與實施例3相同。
使用上述方法得到的3D列印材料,利用實施例3所記載之列印方法成型氧化鋁增韌氧化鋯陶瓷產品。前述成型件的性能為:因增加粉團結構降低總粉體表面積,故粉團容易結成團狀,且其高分子膜厚度增加使其餵料的流動性高(>MFI 1200),卷成線盤狀,其韌性高,適合自動送料加工。
比較例1
一種3D列印材料的製備方法,除不進行第二黏合劑的預處理,即直接將50vol%氧化鋁-氧化鋯陶瓷粉與50vol%的第一黏合劑混合外,其餘與實施例3相同。
使用上述方法得到的3D列印材料,利用實施例3所記載之列印方法成型氧化鋁增韌氧化鋯陶瓷產品。前述成型件的性能為:因超 細粉體總表面積高,故在定量的高分子含量下不容易結成團狀,且其高分子膜厚度薄,導致餵料的流動性差(<MFI 200),其韌性差、易斷裂無法拉成線盤狀。
對實施例1至8得到的3D列印產品的尺寸收縮及產品良率進行測試,結果為:實施例1至8得到的3D列印產品相較於先前技術得到的3D列印產品,其高溫燒結尺寸收縮小且變異少,產品良率提升10~30%。
將實施例1至8中的第二黏合劑替換為其他熱固性高分子材料,例如:酚醛樹脂、脲醛樹脂、三聚氰胺樹脂、不飽和聚酯樹脂、環氧樹脂、有機矽樹脂或聚胺酯中的任意一種或至少兩種的組合;或替換為其他的熱塑性高分子材料,例如:聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲醛、聚碳酸酯、聚醯胺、丙烯酸類塑膠、聚碸或聚苯醚中的任意一種或至少兩種的組合。製得的3D列印產品相較於先前技術得到的3D列印產品,高溫燒結尺寸收縮小且變異少,產品良率提升10~30%。
申請人聲明,以上所述僅為本發明的具體實施方式,但本發明的保護範圍並不侷限於此,所屬技術領域具有通常知識者應該明瞭,任何屬於本技術領域的通常知識者在本發明揭露的技術範圍內,可輕易想到的變化或替換,均落在本發明的保護範圍及公開範圍之內。

Claims (10)

  1. 一種3D列印材料,其特徵係,前述3D列印材料為線狀,按體積百分含量,其包含如下組分:非金屬材料16~82%;第一黏合劑17.9~83%;第二黏合劑0.1~1%。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所記載之3D列印材料,其中,前述線狀3D列印材料的直徑為0.1~5mm。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項所記載之3D列印材料,其中,前述非金屬材料的粒度分佈D90為0.5~1.0μm。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第2項所記載之3D列印材料,其中,前述非金屬材料係選自氧化物陶瓷材料、碳化物陶瓷材料、氮化物陶瓷材料或石墨材料中的任意一種或至少兩種的組合;前述第一黏合劑選自塑基黏合劑及/或蠟基黏合劑;前述第二黏合劑選自熱固性高分子材料及/或熱塑性高分子材料。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第4項所記載之3D列印材料,其中,前述熱固性高分子材料係選自酚醛樹脂、脲醛樹脂、三聚氰胺樹脂、不飽和聚酯樹脂、環氧樹脂、有機矽樹脂或聚胺酯中的任意一種或至少兩種的組合;前述熱塑性高分子材料係選自聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲醛、聚碳酸酯、聚醯胺、丙烯酸類塑膠、聚碸或聚苯醚中的任意一種或至少兩種的組合。
  6. 一種製備方法,其係製備申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項所記載之3D列印材料的製備方法,前述製備方法包含如下步驟:(1)將非金屬材料與第二黏合劑混合後進行造粒,得到粒料;(2)將前述粒料與第一黏合劑混合,得到混合料;(3)將前述混合料擠出,得到前述3D列印材料。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第6項所記載之製備方法,其中,步驟(1)所記載之非金屬材料的粒度分佈D90為0.5~1.0μm;步驟(1)所記載之粒料的粒度分佈D90為30~100μm;步驟(1)所記載之造粒為噴霧乾燥造粒;步驟(2)所記載之混合包含混煉;前述混煉時腔體的溫度為165~220℃;前述混煉的時間為0.5~2小時。
  8. 一種3D列印方法,其特徵係,前述3D列印方法使用申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項所記載之3D列印材料,且前述3D列印方法包含如下步驟:(1)以3D列印材料為原料,經由3D印表機列印出預設形狀的生坯;(2)將生坯進行脫脂,得到褐坯;(3)將褐坯進行燒結,得到成型件。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第8項所記載之3D列印方法,其中,步驟(2)所記載之脫脂脫除第一黏合劑及第二黏合劑總量的80wt%以上;步驟(2)所記載之脫脂選自熱脫脂、水脫脂、催化脫脂或溶劑脫脂中的任意一種或至少兩種的組合。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第9項所記載之3D列印方法,其中,前述催化脫脂的催化劑為硝酸及/或草酸;步驟(3)所記載之燒結的溫度為1200~1500℃;步驟(3)所記載之燒結的時間為2~3小時;步驟(3)所記載之燒結後進一步進行後加工。
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