TWI640513B - 咪唑雜菲化合物以及包含其的有機發光二極體 - Google Patents
咪唑雜菲化合物以及包含其的有機發光二極體 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI640513B TWI640513B TW106107471A TW106107471A TWI640513B TW I640513 B TWI640513 B TW I640513B TW 106107471 A TW106107471 A TW 106107471A TW 106107471 A TW106107471 A TW 106107471A TW I640513 B TWI640513 B TW I640513B
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- -1 Phenanthroimidazole compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 claims description 4
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 60
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 54
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 28
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 28
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
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- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- RAPHUPWIHDYTKU-WXUKJITCSA-N 9-ethyl-3-[(e)-2-[4-[4-[(e)-2-(9-ethylcarbazol-3-yl)ethenyl]phenyl]phenyl]ethenyl]carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC(/C=C/C4=CC=C(C=C4)C4=CC=C(C=C4)/C=C/C=4C=C5C6=CC=CC=C6N(C5=CC=4)CC)=CC=C3N(CC)C2=C1 RAPHUPWIHDYTKU-WXUKJITCSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- YYVYAPXYZVYDHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-phenanthroquinone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 YYVYAPXYZVYDHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- PIQBPEJQHQFBRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazole;phenanthrene Chemical group C1=CNC=N1.C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 PIQBPEJQHQFBRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 101000837344 Homo sapiens T-cell leukemia translocation-altered gene protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
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- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005264 aryl amine group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- WDECIBYCCFPHNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chrysene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC3=C21 WDECIBYCCFPHNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RDOWQLZANAYVLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthridine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=NC2=C1 RDOWQLZANAYVLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UWRZIZXBOLBCON-VOTSOKGWSA-N (e)-2-phenylethenamine Chemical compound N\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 UWRZIZXBOLBCON-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WRQHNSKKYGHTLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole Chemical class C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1NC=N2 WRQHNSKKYGHTLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003220 pyrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- SEEPANYCNGTZFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfadiazine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=NC=CC=N1 SEEPANYCNGTZFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一種由化學式1所表示的咪唑雜菲化合物以及包含其之有機發光二極體。 [化學式1]
在化學式1中,R
1、R
2及m與實施方式中所述相同。
Description
本發明是有關於一種化合物,且特別是有關於一種咪唑雜菲化合物以及包含其的有機發光二極體。
有機發光二極體(OLED)型平面顯示器,相對於液晶顯示器來說具有更寬廣視角、更快的反應時間及體積更輕薄等優點,目前被應用於大面積、高亮度、全彩化之顯示。
為了發展全彩化之平面顯示器,開發穩定及高發光效率之發光材料(紅色、綠色、藍色)為現今研究OLED的主要目標。然而,相較於紅色發光材料和綠色發光材料而言,藍色發光材料在發光效率上的開發較遲緩,因此開發新穎、具高發光效率及低驅動電壓之藍色發光材料是目前極需努力的目標。
本發明提供一種咪唑雜菲化合物,其能夠實現具有高發光效率的有機發光二極體。
本發明提供一種咪唑雜菲化合物,由下列化學式1所表示: [化學式1];
在化學式1中, m為0或1的整數; 當m為0時,R
1為經取代或未經取代的咔唑基; 當m為1時,R
1為經取代或未經取代的咔唑基、經取代或未經取代的胺基、經取代或未經取代的蒽基、經取代或未經取代的芘基或經取代或未經取代之
;以及 R
2為經取代或未經取代的伸芳基或經取代或未經取代的含氮的伸雜芳基。
在本發明的一實施例中,當m為0時,R
1例如是經芳基或雜芳基取代的咔唑基。
在本發明的一實施例中,當m為0時,R
1例如是由以下結構中選出之任一者:
。
在本發明的一實施例中,當m為1時,R
1例如是咔唑基、經烷基、芳基或烷氧基取代的咔唑基、經芳基取代的胺基、蒽基、芘基或
。
在本發明的一實施例中,當m為1時,R
1例如是由以下結構中選出之任一者:
。
在本發明的一實施例中,上述的R
2例如是由以下結構中選出之任一者:
, 其中*表示與蒽基的鍵結位置。
在本發明的一實施例中,上述化學式1所表示的咪唑雜菲化合物為由以下結構式中選出之任一者:
。
本發明提供一種有機發光二極體,其包括陰極、陽極以及發光層。發光層配置於陰極與陽極之間,其中發光層包含上述咪唑雜菲化合物。
在本發明的一實施例中,上述的有機發光二極體例如是藍色發光二極體。
在本發明的一實施例中,上述的發光層包括主體發光材料及客體發光材料。
在本發明的一實施例中,上述的主體發光材料包括所述咪唑雜菲化合物。
在本發明的一實施例中,上述的有機發光二極體可更包括至少一輔助層,所述輔助層選自由電洞注入層、電洞傳輸層、電洞阻擋層、電子注入層、電子傳輸層以及電子阻擋層所組成的群組。
基於上述,本實施例的咪唑雜菲化合物,具有藍色發光、高量子效率、優良熱穩定性之特性。此外,本實施例的咪唑雜菲化合物具有拉電子基團(咪唑雜菲基團以及蒽基團)以及推電子基團(咪唑基團中與碳原子連接的基團),因此具有雙偶極性(bipolar)的特性,有助於使電子電洞傳遞趨於平衡,進而降低所製成的元件的驅動電壓。此外,本實施例的有機發光二極體的發光層包括咪唑雜菲化合物,因此具有高的外部量子效率及低的驅動電壓。
為讓本發明的上述特徵和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉實施例,並配合所附圖式作詳細說明如下。
在下文中,詳細說明本發明之實施例。然而,這些實施例為示例性的,而本揭露並不限於此。
在本說明書中,
意謂連接至另一取代基之部分。
在本說明書中,若未作另外定義時,術語「經取代」是指經下列基團所取代:鹵素、芳基、羥基、烯基、C
1-C
20烷基、炔基、氰基、三氟甲基、烷胺基、胺基、C
1-C
20烷氧基、雜芳基、具有鹵素取代基的芳基、具有鹵素取代基的芳烷基、具有鹵代烷基取代基的芳基、具有鹵代烷基取代基的芳烷基、具有芳基取代基的C
1-C
20烷基、環烷基、具有C
1-C
20烷基取代基的胺基、具有鹵代烷基取代基的胺基、具有芳基取代基的胺基、具有雜芳基取代基的胺基、具有芳基取代的磷氧基、具有C
1-C
20烷基取代的磷氧基、具有鹵代烷基取代基的磷氧基、具有鹵素取代基的磷氧基、具有雜芳基取代基的磷氧基、硝基、羰基、芳基羰基、雜芳基羰基或具有鹵素取代基的C
1-C
20烷基。
在本說明書中,術語「芳基」是指包括具有形成共軛的p軌域之環之取代基,且其可為單環、多環或稠合多環(fused ring polycyclic)官能基。
具體而言,芳基的實例包括苯基、亞苯基(phenylene)、萘基(naphthyl)、亞萘基(naphthylene)、芘基(pyrenyl)、蒽基(anthryl)及菲基(phenanthryl),但不限於此。
在本說明書中,術語「含氮的雜芳基」指在一官能基中包括至少一個N原子之芳基。
具體而言,含氮的雜芳基的實例包括吡啶(pyridine)、嘧啶(pyrimidine)、噠嗪(pyridazine)、咪唑(imidazole)、吡唑(pyrazole)、二嗪(diazine)、三嗪(triazine)、四嗪(tetrazine)、異喹啉(isoquinoline)、喹啉(quinoline)、喹唑啉(quinazoline)、喹喏啉(quinoxaline)、萘啶(naphthyridine)、吖啶(acridine)、啡啶(phenanthridine)以及類似基團,但不限於此。
根據本發明一實施例之芳香族化合物,由下列化學式1所表示: [化學式1]
在化學式1中, m為0或1的整數; 當m為0時,R
1為經取代或未經取代的咔唑基; 當m為1時,R
1為經取代或未經取代的咔唑基、經取代或未經取代的胺基、經取代或未經取代的蒽基、經取代或未經取代的芘基或經取代或未經取代之
;以及 R
2為經取代或未經取代的伸芳基或經取代或未經取代的含氮的伸雜芳基。
在本發明一實施例中,當m為0時,R
1例如是經芳基或雜芳基取代的咔唑基。
在本發明一實施例中,R
1例如是由以下結構中選出之任一者:
。
在本發明的一實施例中,當m為1時,R
1例如是咔唑基、經烷基、芳基或烷氧基取代的咔唑基、經芳基取代的胺基、蒽基、芘基或
。
在本發明的一實施例中,當m為1時,R
1例如是由以下結構中選出之任一者:
。
在本發明的一實施例中,上述的R
2例如是由以下結構中選出之任一者:
, 其中*表示與蒽基的鍵結位置。
在本發明的一實施例中,上述的R
2例如是伸苯基或伸萘基。
在本發明的一實施例中,上述化學式1所表示的咪唑雜菲化合物為由以下結構式中選出之任一者:
。
具有上述結構的咪唑雜菲化合物,因具有咪唑雜菲基團以及蒽基團,可提高平面性官能基間的堆疊能力。此外,本實施例的咪唑雜菲化合物由於引入了苯環,有助於斷共軛以及提高咪唑雜菲化合物的能階差,因此適合作為主體發光材料。此外,本實施例的咪唑雜菲化合物具有拉電子基團(咪唑雜菲基團以及蒽基團)以及推電子基團(咪唑基團中與碳原子連接的基團),因此具有雙偶極性(bipolar)的特性,有助於使電子電洞傳遞趨於平衡。
在下文中,將參照圖示來說明本發明一實施例之有機發光二極體。
圖1為依照本發明一實施例的有機發光二極體的剖面示意圖。
請參照圖1,本實施例的有機發光二極體10包括陽極102、陰極104以及發光層106。發光層106配置於陽極102與陰極104之間。陽極102可由具有高功函數的導體製得,以幫助電洞注入發光層106中。陽極102的材料例如是金屬、金屬氧化物、導電聚合物或其組合。具體來說,金屬例如是鎳、鉑、釩、鉻、銅、鋅、金或其合金;金屬氧化物例如是氧化鋅、氧化銦、氧化銦錫(ITO)或氧化銦鋅(IZO);金屬與氧化物的組合例如是ZnO 與Al的組合或SnO
2與Sb的組合;導電聚合物例如是聚(3-甲基噻吩)(poly(3-methylthiophene))、聚(3,4-(伸乙基-1,2-二氧基)噻吩(poly(3,4-(ethylene-1,2-dioxy)thiophene, PEDT)、聚吡咯(polypyrrole)或聚苯胺(polyaniline),但本發明不限於此。
陰極104可由具有低功函數的導體製得,以幫助電子注入發光層106中。陰極104的材料例如是金屬或多層結構之材料。具體來說,金屬例如是鎂、鈣、鈉、鉀、鈦、銦、釔、鋰、釓(gadolinium)、鋁、銀、錫、鉛、銫、鋇或其合金;多層結構之材料例如是LiF/Al、LiO
2/Al、LiF/Ca、LiF/Al或BaF
2/Ca,但本發明不限於此。
在本實施例中,發光層106包括上述實施例的咪唑雜菲化合物。具體來說,發光層106包括一種上述實施例的咪唑雜菲化合物、至少二種上述實施例的咪唑雜菲化合物或上述實施例的咪唑雜菲化合物中至少一者與其他化合物之混合物。
發光層106通常包括主體發光材料與客體發光材料。在本實施例中,上述實施例的咪唑雜菲化合物可作為主體發光材料而與客體發光材料混合。在一實施例中,發光層106可包括咪唑雜菲化合物以及其他的主體發光材料。
上述實施例的咪唑雜菲化合物以外的主體發光材料例如是稠合芳香環衍生物(condensation aromatic cycle derivative)、含雜環之化合物(heterocycle-containing compound)或其類似物。稠合芳香環衍伸物例如是蒽(anthracene)衍生物、芘(pyrene)衍生物、萘(naphthalene)衍生物、並五苯(pentacene)衍生物、菲(phenanthrene)衍生物、熒蒽(fluoranthene)化合物或其類似物。含雜環之化合物例如是咔唑衍生物、二苯並呋喃(dibenzofuran)衍生物、階梯型呋喃(ladder-type furan)化合物、嘧啶(pyrimidine)衍生物或其類似物。
客體發光材料例如是芳胺衍生物、苯乙烯胺化合物、硼複合物(boron complex)、熒蒽化合物、金屬複合物或其類似物。具體來說,芳胺衍生物例如是經芳胺基取代之稠合芳香環衍生物,其例子包括具有芳胺基之芘、蒽、屈(chrysene)及二茚並芘(periflanthene)等;苯乙烯胺化合物的具體例包括苯乙烯胺(styrylamine)、苯乙烯二胺(styryldiamine)、苯乙烯三胺(styryltriamine)及苯乙烯四胺(styryltetramine)。金屬複合物之例子包括銥複合物(iridium complex)及鉑複合物(platinum complex),但不以此為限。
在一實施例中,有機發光二極體10更包括至少一層輔助層,輔助層選自由電洞注入層、電洞傳輸層、電洞阻擋層、電子注入層、電子傳輸層以及電子阻擋層所組成的群組。
圖2為依照本發明另一實施例的有機發光二極體的剖面示意圖。在圖2中,與圖1相同的元件將以相同的標號表示,並且省略了相同技術內容的說明。有機光發二極體20包括陽極102、電洞傳輸層103、發光層106、電子傳輸層105以及陰極104。在本實施例中,發光層106包括上述實施例的咪唑雜菲化合物。
於下文中,參照實例更詳細地說明上述實施例。然而,這些實例並非於任何意義上被解釋作限制本發明的範圍。
有機化合物合成
合成實例
1
:化合物
A
的合成
在雙頸瓶中加入9-溴蒽(9-bromoanthracene)(5.16 g,20 mmol)以及磁石,接上轉接頭並將系統轉至真空狀態,進行烤瓶以去除水氣及氧氣。將系統轉回氮氣,加入無水四氫呋喃(THF) (200mL),利用丙酮與液態氮將反應降至-78℃,再慢慢加入2.5M正丁基鋰(n-butyllithium)(9.6 ml,24 mmol),於-78℃下反應1個小時後,加入異丙醇頻哪醇硼酸酯(2-isopropoxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane)(4.88 mL, 24 mmol),並回到室溫。反應隔夜後,在冰浴下加入水與二氯甲烷,並將反應瓶內的混合物以二氯甲烷萃取數次,取有機層,以無水硫酸鎂去除水,再以矽藻土(celite)過濾並將濾液用迴旋濃縮儀抽乾。接著,以管柱層析(沖提液為二氯甲烷:正己烷=1:3)純化,得白色化合物A(4.62 g,產率為76%)。
化合物A的光譜資料:
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3):δ 8.46 (s, 1 H), 8.42 (d,
J= 8.0 Hz, 2 H), 7.97 (d,
J= 8.0 Hz, 2 H), 7.49-7.40 (m, 4 H), 1.56 (s, 12 H)
13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl
3):δ 135.88, 131.10, 129.47, 128.78, 128.28, 125.77, 124.85, 84.36, 25.15。
合成實例
2
:化合物
B
的合成
將化合物A(1.52 g,5 mmol)、4-溴苯胺(4-bromoaniline) (0.95 g,5.5 mmol)、四(三苯基磷)鈀(Pd(PPh
3)
4)(0.58 g, 0.5 mmol)、碳酸鉀(K
2CO
3)(2.43 g, 17.6mmol)以及磁石放入高壓管中,抽真空並灌入氮氣。接著在氮氣氛圍下,加入甲苯(toluene)(15 mL)、乙醇(5 mL)與水(5 mL)。於80℃下反應隔夜後,降至室溫,將反應瓶內的混合物通過矽藻土與矽膠(silica gel)進行過濾,用二氯甲烷與水沖洗,並以二氯甲烷萃取數次,取有機層,以無水硫酸鎂去除水,再以矽藻土過濾並將濾液用迴旋濃縮儀抽乾。接著,以管柱層析(沖提液為二氯甲烷:正己烷=1:1)純化,得黃棕色化合物B(1.04g,產率為77%)。
化合物B的光譜資料:
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3):δ 8.44 (s, 1 H), 8.01 (d,
J= 8.4 Hz, 2 H), 7.76 (d,
J= 8.8 Hz, 2 H), 7.45-7.41 (m, 2 H), 7.35-7.30 (m, 2 H) , 7.20 (d,
J= 8.4 Hz, 2 H), 6.88 (d,
J= 8.4 Hz, 2 H), 3.82 (s, 2 H)
13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl
3):δ 145.61, 137.35, 132.07, 131.39, 130.55, 128.42, 128.22, 127.03, 126.04, 125.01, 124.95, 114.89。
合成實例
3
:化合物
PIACzph
的合成
在圓底瓶中加入化合物B(0.65 g,2.4 mmol)、化合物F(0.54g,2 mmol)、9,10-菲蒽(phenanthrene-9,10-dione)(0.50 g, 2.4 mmol)、乙酸銨(1.54 g,20 mmol)以及磁石,再加入乙酸(80 mL)。在氮氣氛圍及140℃下反應兩天後,降至室溫,倒入水中以使粗產物析出。利用陶瓷漏斗進行過濾,並以水洗去多餘乙酸,再以甲醇洗去不純物。最後在溫度350℃及7×10
-6torr的壓力下將濾質昇華純化,以得到黃褐色玻璃態的化合物PIACzph(0.83g,產率為58%)。
化合物PIACzph的光譜資料:
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3):δ 8.97 (d,
J= 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.85 (d,
J= 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 8.76 (d,
J= 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.54 (s, 1 H), 8.46 (s, 1 H), 8.09 (d,
J= 7.6 Hz, 2 H), 8.05 (d,
J= 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.95 (d,
J= 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.85-7.76 (m, 4 H), 7.70-7.58 (m, 9 H), 7.55–7.39 (m, 9 H), 7.31-7.28 (m, 1 H) , 6.95 (t,
J= 7.6 Hz, 1 H)
13C NMR (175 MHz, CDCl
3):δ 152.01, 141.36, 140.97, 140.41, 138.59, 137.57, 137.31, 135.10, 133.06, 131.28, 131.26, 129.98, 129.88, 129.57, 129.26, 128.65, 128.46, 128.25, 128.07, 127.99, 127.73, 127.33, 127.30, 127.08, 126.35, 126.23, 126.07, 125.97, 125.90, 125.56, 125.26, 125.20, 124.79, 124.29, 123.31, 123.19, 123.16, 123.14, 122.84, 122.25, 121.60, 120.92, 120.52, 120.40, 110.06, 109.71 HRMS(FAB
+):[M
+] calcd. for C
53H
34N
3, 712.2674;found, 712.2753 Anal. calcd. For C
53H
33N
3:C, 89.42;H, 4.67;N, 5.90;found:C, 89.37;H, 4.65;N, 5.95。
合成實例
4
:化合物
PIAAn
的合成
在圓底瓶中加入化合物B(0.65 g,2.4 mmol)、化合物G(0.56g,2 mmol)、9,10-菲蒽(phenanthrene-9,10-dione)(0.50 g,2.4 mmol)、乙酸銨(1.54 g,20 mmol)以及磁石,再加入乙酸(80 mL)。在氮氣氛圍及140℃下反應兩天後,降至室溫,倒入水中以使粗產物析出。利用四氫呋喃(THF)及二氯甲烷萃取水層,並使用迴旋濃縮儀抽乾有機層。接著,利用陶瓷漏斗進行過濾,並以水洗去多餘乙酸,再以甲醇洗去多數不純物。最後在溫度380℃及7×10
-6torr的壓力下將濾質昇華純化,以得到黃色玻璃態的化合物PIAAn(0.87g,產率為60 %)。
化合物PIAAn的光譜資料:
1H NMR (400 MHz,
d 8-THF):δ 8.95-8.92 (m, 2 H), 8.85 (d,
J= 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.63 (s, 1 H), 8.59 (s, 1H), 8.16-8.04 (m, 8 H), 7.95 (d,
J= 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.81 (d,
J= 8.0 Hz, 2 H), 7.78-7.66 (m, 6 H) , 7.63-7.48 (m, 6 H) , 7.45 (t,
J= 7.4 Hz, 2 H), 7.35-7.30 (m, 3 H), 7.13 (t,
J= 7.8 Hz, 1 H)
13C NMR (175 MHz,
d 8-THF):δ 150.25, 140.71, 139.43, 138.82, 137.76, 136.05, 135.17, 133.19, 131.52, 131.48, 130.92, 130.47, 130.06, 130.01, 129.89, 129.69, 129.38, 129.16, 128.46, 128.36, 128.27, 128.23, 127.69, 127.08, 126.90, 126.68, 126.25, 126.05, 125.88, 125.77, 125.67, 125.41, 125.28, 125.01, 124.90, 124.70, 124.17, 123.26, 123.06, 122.54, 120.83 HRMS(FAB
+):[M
+] calcd. for C
55H
35N
2, 723.2722;found, 723.2800 Anal. calcd. For C
55H
34N
2:C, 91.38;H, 4.74;N, 3.88;found:C, 91.25;H, 4.47;N, 4.14。
合成實例
5
:化合物
PIACz
的合成
在圓底瓶中加入化合物B(0.65 g,2.4 mmol)、化合物H(0.54g,2 mmol)、9,10-菲蒽(phenanthrene-9,10-dione)(0.50 g,2.4 mmol)、乙酸銨(1.54 g,20 mmol)以及磁石,再加入乙酸(80 mL)。在氮氣氛圍及140℃下反應兩天後,降至室溫,倒入水中以使粗產物析出。接著,利用陶瓷漏斗進行過濾,並以水洗去多餘乙酸,再以甲醇洗去多數不純物。最後在溫度380℃及7×10
-6torr的壓力下將濾質昇華純化,以得到褐色玻璃態的化合物PIACz(0.93g,產率為65 %)。
化合物PIACz的光譜資料:
1H NMR (400 MHz,
d 8-THF):δ 8.95-8.90 (m, 2 H), 8.85 (d,
J= 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.66 (s, 1 H), 8.19-8.11 (m, 6 H), 8.03 (d,
J= 8.0 Hz, 2 H), 7.94 (d,
J= 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.82-7.74 (m, 6 H) , 7.71-7.36 (m, 12 H) , 7.27 (t,
J= 7.4 Hz, 2 H)
13C NMR (175 MHz,
d 8-THF):δ 150.85, 141.89, 141.60, 139.76, 139.23, 138.86, 136.25, 134.34, 132.62, 131.81, 131.11, 131.02, 130.79, 130.51, 129.59, 129.52, 129.47, 128.71, 128.26, 128.02, 127.31, 127.18, 127.01, 126.98, 126.91, 126.80, 126.44, 126.15, 126.12, 125.89, 125.29, 124.74, 124.29, 124.19, 123.62, 121.92, 121.10, 110.66, 110.48 HRMS(FAB
+):[M
+] calcd. for C
53H
34N
3, 712.2674;found, 712.2753 Anal. calcd. For C
53H
33N
3:C, 89.42;H, 4.67;N, 5.90;found:C, 89.23;H, 4.73;N, 5.95。
合成實例
6
:化合物
PIADPA
的合成
在圓底瓶中加入化合物B(0.65 g,2.4 mmol)、化合物I(0.55g,2 mmol)、9,10-菲蒽(phenanthrene-9,10-dione)(0.50 g,2.4 mmol)、乙酸銨(1.54 g,20 mmol)以及磁石,再加入乙酸(80 mL)。在氮氣氛圍及140℃下反應兩天後,降至室溫,倒入水中以使粗產物析出。利用四氫呋喃(THF)及二氯甲烷萃取水層,並使用迴旋濃縮儀抽乾有機層。接著,利用陶瓷漏斗進行過濾,並以水洗去多餘乙酸,再以甲醇洗去多數不純物。最後在溫度370℃及7×10
-6torr的壓力下將濾質昇華純化,以得到深褐色玻璃態的化合物PIADPA(1.00g,產率為70 %)。
化合物PIADPA的光譜資料:
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3):δ 8.90 (d,
J= 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 8.82 (d,
J= 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.74 (d,
J= 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 8.56 (s, 1 H), 8.12-8.07 (m, 2 H), 7.86-7.84 (m, 1 H), 7.77-7.73 (m, 3 H), 7.68-7.65 (m, 3 H), 7.61-7.50 (m, 8 H), 7.47–7.43 (m, 2 H), 7.29-7.25 (m, 4 H) , 7.15-7.12 (m, 4 H), 7.09-7.05 (m, 4 H)
13C NMR (175 MHz, CDCl
3):δ 151.14, 148.58, 147.21, 140.47, 138.39, 137.52, 135.09, 133.06, 131.32, 130.31, 130.03, 129.87, 129.44, 129.26, 128.67, 128.54, 128.25, 128.02, 127.32, 127.25, 126.24, 126.10, 125.99, 125.87, 125.57, 125.30, 125.23, 125.14, 124.82, 124.27, 123.60, 123.14, 122.79, 121.80, 120.85 HRMS(FAB
+):[M
+] calcd. for C
53H
36N
3, 714.2831;found, 714.2909 Anal. calcd. For C
53H
35N
3:C, 89.17;H, 4.94;N, 5.89;found:C, 89.08;H, 4.98;N, 5.98。
合成實例
7
:化合物
PIAPhCz
的合成
在圓底瓶中加入化合物B(0.65 g,2.4 mmol)、化合物J(0.85g,2 mmol)、9,10-菲蒽(phenanthrene-9,10-dione)(0.50 g,2.4 mmol)、乙酸銨(1.54 g,20 mmol)以及磁石,再加入乙酸(80 mL)。在氮氣氛圍及140℃下反應兩天後,降至室溫,倒入水中以使粗產物析出。接著,利用陶瓷漏斗進行過濾,並以水洗去多餘乙酸,再以甲醇洗去多數不純物。最後在溫度415℃及7×10
-6torr的壓力下將濾質昇華純化,以得到黃色玻璃態的化合物PIAPhCz(0.69g,產率為40 %)。
化合物PIAPhCz的光譜資料:
1H NMR (400 MHz,
d 8-THF):δ 8.95-8.91 (m, 2 H), 8.85 (d,
J= 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.66 (s, 1 H), 8.58 (s, 1 H), 8.20 (d,
J= 8.4 Hz, 2 H), 8.17-8.07 (m, 4 H), 8.04 (d,
J= 8.0 Hz, 2 H), 7.95 (d,
J= 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.83-7.66 (m, 12 H) , 7.63-7.29 (m, 15 H)
13C NMR (175 MHz,
d 8-THF):δ 151.55, 150.81, 142.76, 142.65, 141.91, 141.56, 141.53, 140.54, 140.16, 139.76, 139.15, 138.87, 137.08, 136.24, 135.08, 134.89, 134.36, 132.62, 132.60, 132.35, 132.08, 131.87, 131.42, 131.17, 131.12, 131.02, 130.79, 130.52, 130.46, 130.29, 129.59, 129.54, 129.51, 129.48, 129.37, 129.35, 128.73, 128.71, 128.27, 128.03, 127.94, 127.91, 127.80, 127.46, 127.41, 127.32, 127.27, 127.18, 127.09, 126.98, 126.92, 126.80, 126.63, 126.52, 126.46, 126.43, 126.15, 126.13, 125.98, 125.91, 125.87, 125.62, 125.54, 125.30, 124.28, 124.25, 124.20, 124.17, 123.62, 121.92, 121.88, 119.77, 119.70, 111.14, 110.96 HRMS(FAB
+):[M
+] calcd. for C
65H
42N
3, 864.3300;found, 864.3379 Anal. calcd. For C
65H
41N
3:C, 90.35;H, 4.78;N, 4.86;found:C, 90.21;H, 4.66;N, 4.90。
合成實例
8
:化合物
PIAtBCz
的合成
在圓底瓶中加入化合物B(0.65 g,2.4 mmol)、化合物K(0.77g,2 mmol)、9,10-菲蒽(phenanthrene-9,10-dione)(0.50 g,2.4 mmol)、乙酸銨(1.54 g,20 mmol)以及磁石,再加入乙酸(80 mL)。在氮氣氛圍及140℃下反應兩天後,降至室溫,倒入水中以使粗產物析出。接著,利用陶瓷漏斗進行過濾,並以水洗去多餘乙酸,再以甲醇洗去多數不純物。最後在溫度370℃及7×10
-6torr的壓力下將濾質昇華純化,以得到黃褐色玻璃態的化合物PIAtBCz(1.40g,產率為85 %)。
化合物PIAtBCz的光譜資料:
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3):δ 8.94 (d,
J= 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.86 (d,
J= 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 8.77 (d,
J= 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 8.59 (s, 1 H), 8.13-8.08 (m, 4 H), 7.98 (d,
J= 8.4 Hz, 2 H), 7.87-7.60 (m, 12 H), 7.57-7.53 (m, 2 H), 7.51–7.34 (m, 7 H), 1.46 (s, 18 H)
13C NMR (175 MHz, CDCl
3):δ 150.46, 143.22, 140.75, 138.87, 138.12, 137.67, 134.97, 133.24, 131.36, 131.00, 130.05, 129.92, 129.52, 129.44, 128.96, 128.72, 128.39, 128.33, 127.46, 127.25, 126.38, 126.35, 126.19, 126.06, 125.81, 125.68, 125.32, 125.22, 125.16, 124.36, 123.85, 123.58, 123.22, 123.09, 122.80, 120.98, 116.28, 109.23, 34.75, 31.99, 30.92 HRMS(FAB
+):[M
+] calcd. for C
61H
50N
3, 824.3926;found, 824.4005。
[
化合物之性質評估
]
[
光學性質
]
上述實施例的咪唑雜菲化合物的光學性質列於表1及表2。
[表1]
<TABLE border="1" borderColor="#000000" width="85%"><TBODY><tr><td> 化合物 </td><td> 於溶劑中的吸收光譜 (nm)<sup>a</sup></td><td> 於溶劑中的螢光光譜 (nm)<sup>b</sup></td><td> 於薄膜中的吸收光譜 (nm) </td><td> 於薄膜中的螢光光譜 (nm) </td><td> 於溶劑中的磷光 (nm)<sup>c</sup></td><td> 於溶劑的 半峰全寬(nm)<sup>d</sup></td></tr><tr><td> PIAAn </td><td> 282, 232, 348, 366, 386 </td><td> 429 </td><td> 280, 352, 372, 392 </td><td> 448 </td><td> 693, 766 </td><td> 55 </td></tr><tr><td> PIACzph </td><td> 308, 330, 348, 366, 386 </td><td> 403, 422 </td><td> 310, 346, 372, 392 </td><td> 443 </td><td> 475, 502 </td><td> 49 </td></tr><tr><td> PIACz </td><td> 292, 346, 366, 386 </td><td> 403, 421 </td><td> 280, 350, 372, 390 </td><td> 438 </td><td> 510 </td><td> 53 </td></tr><tr><td> PIAPhCz </td><td> 294, 348, 366, 386 </td><td> 406, 423 </td><td> 300, 350, 372, 394 </td><td> 448 </td><td> 511 </td><td> 55 </td></tr><tr><td> PIADPA </td><td> 286, 350, 366, 384 </td><td> 406, 424 </td><td> 286, 356, 370, 386 </td><td> 465 </td><td> 521, 547 </td><td> 61 </td></tr><tr><td> PIAtBCz </td><td> 298, 348, 366, 386 </td><td> 404, 421 </td><td> 298, 338, 352, 368 </td><td> 439 </td><td> 493, 514 </td><td> 50 </td></tr></TBODY></TABLE>a:於1×10
-5M的甲苯溶液中測量; b:於1×10
-5M的甲苯溶液中測量; c:PIAAn、PIACzph、PIADPA及PIAtBCz於77K下在1×10
-5M的甲苯溶液中測量,PIACz及PIAPhCz於77K下在1×10
-5M的二氯甲烷中測量; d:於1×10
-5M的甲苯溶液中測量。
由表1的結果可知,上述實施例的咪唑雜菲化合物的螢光放光波長分佈於403 nm至465 nm之間,也就是說,上述實施例的咪唑雜菲化合物可發射藍光,因此適合作為藍色主體材料,亦可作為藍色發光材料。
表2
<TABLE border="1" borderColor="#000000" width="85%"><TBODY><tr><td> </td><td> PIAAn </td><td> PIACzph </td><td> PIACz </td><td> PIAPhCz </td><td> PIADPA </td></tr><tr><td> 量子效率 (%)<sup>e</sup></td><td> 60 </td><td> 48 </td><td> 64 </td><td> 69 </td><td> 43 </td></tr><tr><td> 量子效率 (%)<sup>f</sup></td><td> 98 </td><td> 94 </td><td> 88 </td><td> 83 </td><td> 76 </td></tr></TBODY></TABLE>e:於50 nm的薄膜中測量螢光量子效率,激發波長為340 nm; f:於摻雜有5%的化合物BCzVBi的薄膜中(50 nm,咪唑雜菲化合物作為主體材料)測量螢光量子效率,激發波長為340 nm。 [BCzVBi]
由表2的結果可知,上述實施例的咪唑雜菲化合物具有高的量子效率。
[
熱穩定性質
]
在熱穩定性質測試中,是使用熱重熱差分析儀並以10℃/分鐘的升溫速率進行熱穩定性質測試。
表3為化合物PIACz、PIAtBCz、PIADPA、PIACzph、PIAAn及PIAPhCz的熱穩定測試的結果。
[表3]
<TABLE border="1" borderColor="#000000" width="85%"><TBODY><tr><td> 化合物 </td><td> T<sub>g</sub> (℃) </td><td> T<sub>c</sub> (℃) </td><td> T<sub>m</sub> (℃) </td><td> T<sub>d</sub> (℃) </td></tr><tr><td> PIACz </td><td> 161 </td><td> 219 </td><td> 335 </td><td> 494 </td></tr><tr><td> PIAtBCz </td><td> 193 </td><td> 262 </td><td> 332 </td><td> 506 </td></tr><tr><td> PIADPA </td><td> 140 </td><td> 211 </td><td> 301 </td><td> 462 </td></tr><tr><td> PIACzph </td><td> 164 </td><td> N. D. </td><td> 331 </td><td> 468 </td></tr><tr><td> PIAAn </td><td> N. D. </td><td> N. D. </td><td> 380 </td><td> 466 </td></tr><tr><td> PIAPhCz </td><td> 193 </td><td> 279 </td><td> 374 </td><td> 497 </td></tr></TBODY></TABLE>T
g:玻璃轉化溫度;T
c:結晶溫度;T
m:熔點溫度;T
d:熱分解溫度;N. D.:無偵測到。
由表3的結果可知,本發明的咪唑雜菲化合物的熱分解溫度皆高於450℃,具有優良的熱穩定性。
[
能階
]
化合物PIACz、PIAtBCz、PIADPA、PIACzph、PIAAn及PIAPhCz的最高佔用分子軌域(HOMO)、最低未佔軌域(LUMO)以及能階差(Eg)列於表4。
[表4]
<TABLE border="1" borderColor="#000000" width="85%"><TBODY><tr><td> 化合物 </td><td> PIACz </td><td> PIAtBCz </td><td> PIADPA </td><td> PIACzph </td><td> PIAAn </td><td> PIAPhCz </td></tr><tr><td> HOMO(eV) </td><td> 5.82 </td><td> 5.72 </td><td> 5.47 </td><td> 5.42 </td><td> 5.82 </td><td> 5.65 </td></tr><tr><td> LUMO(eV) </td><td> 2.71 </td><td> 2.60 </td><td> 2.40 </td><td> 2.32 </td><td> 2.75 </td><td> 2.55 </td></tr><tr><td> Eg(eV) </td><td> 3.11 </td><td> 3.12 </td><td> 3.07 </td><td> 3.10 </td><td> 3.07 </td><td> 3.10 </td></tr></TBODY></TABLE>
[
偶極取向
(
Dipole Orientation
)
]
實施例1
使用合成實例6所得到的化合物PIADPA作為主體發光材料,並使用5%的化合物BCzVBi作為客體發光材料(即摻質),以形成薄膜。
實施例2
使用與實驗例1類似的方法來形成薄膜,其差別只在於使用於合成實例7所得到的化合物PIAPhCz作為發光層的主體發光材料。
實驗例3
使用與實驗例1類似的方法來形成薄膜,其差別只在於使用於合成實例5所得到的化合物PIACz作為發光層的主體發光材料。
實驗例4
使用與實驗例1類似的方法來形成薄膜,其差別只在於使用於合成實例3所得到的化合物PIACzph作為發光層的主體發光材料。
實驗例5
使用與實驗例1類似的方法來形成薄膜,其差別只在於使用於合成實例4所得到的化合物PIAAn作為發光層的主體發光材料。
在本實施例中,以TcTa:Ir(ppy)
3所形成的薄膜作為標準品,其可表示客體材料為隨機排列。量測上述實施例1至實施例5以及標準品的薄膜的變角度光致發光強度,並以Origin86程式計算水平偶極矩比例。
圖3為實施例1至實施例3以及標準品的薄膜的變角度光致發光強度的結果。圖4為實施例4、實施例5以及標準品的薄膜的變角度光致發光強度的結果。
由圖3與圖4的結果可知,當客體材料為隨機排列時,發光偶極矩沒有方向性(isotropic),則其水平偶極矩比例ϴ=0.67。而客體材料的排列驅向水平時,水平偶極矩比例增加。若發光偶極矩完全水平(horizontal),則其水平偶極矩比例ϴ=1。標準品的水平偶極矩比例ϴ=0.67。而實施例1至實施例5的薄膜的水平偶極矩比例ϴ介於0.89至0.92。由上述的結果可知,作為主體材料的本發明的咪唑雜菲化合物的結構特性使客體材料排列趨於水平,因此可提高薄膜的水平偶極矩比例,可望增加所製成的元件的出光率。
[
有機發光二極體的製作
]
實驗例6
使用合成實例6所得到的化合物PIADPA作為主體發光材料,並使用化合物BCzVBi作為客體發光材料(即摻質),以製作有機發光二極體。
具體而言,有機發光二極體的製作流程如下所示:首先,於作為陽極的ITO玻璃基板上依序沉積N,N'-二-(1-萘基)-N,N'-二苯基聯苯-4,4'-乙二胺(N, N'-di(naphthalen-1-yl)- N, N'-diphenylbiphenyl-4,4'-diamine, NPB)(30 nm)以及N,N',N''-三(N-咔唑基)三苯胺(4,4',4''-tri(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine, TCTA)(20 nm),以形成電洞傳輸層。接著,於電洞傳輸層上沉積摻雜有5%化合物BCzVBi的主體發光材料PIADPA(30 nm),以形成發光層。然後,於發光層上沉積1,3,5-三[(3-吡啶基)-3-苯基]苯(1,3,5- tris [(3-pyridyl) -3-phenyl] benzene, TmPyPb)(30 nm),以形成電子傳輸層。之後,於電子傳輸層上依序沉積LiF(電子注入層)(1 nm)以及Al,以形成陰極。至此,即完成了本實驗例的有機發光二極體的製作。上述有機發光二極體具有下列結構:ITO/NPB(30 nm)/ TCTA(20 nm)/PIADPA: 5% BCzVBi(30 nm)/ TmPyPb(30 nm)/ LiF(1 nm)/ Al。
實驗例7
使用與實驗例1類似的方法來形成有機發光二極體,其差別只在於使用於合成實例7所得到的化合物PIAPhCz作為發光層的主體發光材料。
實驗例8
使用與實驗例1類似的方法來形成有機發光二極體,其差別只在於使用於合成實例5所得到的化合物PIACz作為發光層的主體發光材料。
實驗例9
使用與實驗例1類似的方法來形成有機發光二極體,其差別只在於使用於合成實例3所得到的化合物PIACzph作為發光層的主體發光材料。
實驗例10
使用與實驗例1類似的方法來形成有機發光二極體,其差別只在於使用於合成實例8所得到的化合物PIAtBCz作為發光層的主體發光材料。
實驗例11
使用與實驗例1類似的方法來形成有機發光二極體,其差別只在於使用於合成實例4所得到的化合物PIAAn作為發光層的主體發光材料。
實驗例12
使用與實驗例6類似的方法來形成有機發光二極體,其差別只在於不摻雜化合物BCzVBi。
表5為檢測實驗例6至實驗例11的有機發光二極體的效能之結果。
[表5]
<TABLE border="1" borderColor="#000000" width="85%"><TBODY><tr><td> </td><td> 主體發光材料 </td><td> V<sub>d</sub> (V) </td><td> E.Q.E. (%,V) </td><td> L<sub>max</sub> (cd/m<sup>2</sup>,V) </td><td> C.E.. (cd/A,V) </td><td> P.E. (lm/W,V) </td><td> CIE (x,y) </td><td> 最大放射波長 (nm) </td></tr><tr><td> 實驗例6 </td><td> PIADPA </td><td> 2.5 </td><td> 5.7, 7.0 </td><td> 41107, 19.0 </td><td> 7.9, 6.5 </td><td> 5.1, 4.0 </td><td> (0.14,0.16) </td><td> 452 </td></tr><tr><td> 實驗例7 </td><td> PIAPhCz </td><td> 2.6 </td><td> 6.8, 6.5 </td><td> 34716, 19.5 </td><td> 8.6, 6.0 </td><td> 5.8, 4.0 </td><td> (0.14,0.14) </td><td> 450 </td></tr><tr><td> 實驗例8 </td><td> PIACz </td><td> 2.6 </td><td> 7.1, 6.5 </td><td> 42984, 19.0 </td><td> 9.4, 6.5 </td><td> 6.4, 3.5 </td><td> (0.14,0.15) </td><td> 452 </td></tr><tr><td> 實驗例9 </td><td> PIACzph </td><td> 2.5 </td><td> 7.7, 5.5 </td><td> 49455, 19.0 </td><td> 9.7, 5.5 </td><td> 7.5, 3.5 </td><td> (0.14,0.14) </td><td> 452 </td></tr><tr><td> 實驗例10 </td><td> PIAtBCz </td><td> 2.9 </td><td> 6.1, 6.0 </td><td> 29022, 18.0 </td><td> 7.3, 6.0 </td><td> 4.7, 4.0 </td><td> (0.15,0.13) </td><td> 450 </td></tr><tr><td> 實驗例11 </td><td> PIAAn </td><td> 2.5 </td><td> 10.1, 8.0 </td><td> 61204, 20.0 </td><td> 12.9, 8.0 </td><td> 10.9, 3.0 </td><td> (0.15,0.14) </td><td> 450 </td></tr></TBODY></TABLE>V
d:驅動電壓;E.Q.E.:外部量子效率;L
max:最大亮度;C.E.:電流效率;P.E.:功率效率;CIE:色度坐標。
由表5的結果可知,實驗例6至實驗例11的有機發光二極體的最大放射波長位於450 nm至452 nm範圍內,因此具有發射藍光的特性。此外,實驗例6至實驗例11的有機發光二極體的發光層中具有本發明的咪唑雜菲化合物以及客體發光材料,其中本發明的咪唑雜菲化合物的結構特性使客體發光材料排列趨於水平,可增加有機發光二極體的出光率,因此實驗例6至實驗例11的有機發光二極體具有低的驅動電壓以及高的外部量子效率。
圖5為實驗例11及實驗例12的有機發光二極體的瞬態電激發螢光曲線。
由圖5的結果可知,實驗例11及實驗例12的有機發光二極體皆具有三重態-三重態淬滅(Triplet-Triplet Annihilation, TTA)延遲螢光的現象。這是因為本發明的咪唑雜菲化合物的平面性官能基間良好的堆疊有助於TTA機制的運作,因此可有效提升有機發光二極體的發光效率。此外,相較於實驗例12的僅含有主體發光材料的有機發光二極體,實驗例11的含有主體發光材料及客體發光材料(即化合物BCzVBi)的有機發光二極體的延遲螢光的現象較明顯。這是因為實驗例11的作為主體材料的咪唑雜菲化合物與客體材料之間具有良好的能量轉移,因此可提高螢光量子效率。
綜上所述,本實施例的咪唑雜菲化合物,具有藍色發光、高量子效率、優良熱穩定性之特性。此外,本實施例的有機發光二極體的發光層包括咪唑雜菲化合物,因此具有高的外部量子效率及低的驅動電壓。
雖然本發明已以實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明的精神和範圍內,當可作些許的更動與潤飾,故本發明的保護範圍當視後附的申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
10、20:有機發光二極體 102:陽極 103:電洞傳輸層 104:陰極 105:電子傳輸層 106:發光層
圖1為依照本發明一實施例的有機發光二極體的剖面示意圖。 圖2為依照本發明另一實施例的有機發光二極體的剖面示意圖。 圖3為實施例1至實施例3以及標準品的薄膜的變角度光致發光強度的結果。 圖4為實施例4、實施例5以及標準品的薄膜的變角度光致發光強度的結果。 圖5為實驗例11及實驗例12的有機發光二極體的瞬態電激發螢光曲線。
Claims (10)
- 一種咪唑雜菲化合物,由下列化學式1所表示:在化學式1中,m為0或1的整數;當m為0時,R1為經芳基或雜芳基取代的咔唑基;當m為1時,R1為咔唑基、經烷基、芳基或烷氧基取代的咔唑基、經芳基取代的胺基或;以及R2為經取代或未經取代的伸芳基或經取代或未經取代的含氮的伸雜芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的咪唑雜菲化合物,其中當m為0時,R1為由以下結構中選出之任一者:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的咪唑雜菲化合物,其中當m為1時,R1為由以下結構中選出之任一者:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的咪唑雜菲化合物,其中R2為由以下結構中選出之任一者:其中*表示與蒽基的鍵結位置。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的咪唑雜菲化合物,其中所述化學式1所表示的咪唑雜菲化合物為由以下結構式中選出之任一者:
- 一種有機發光二極體,包括:陰極;陽極;以及發光層,配置於所述陰極與所述陽極之間,所述發光層包含如申請專利範圍第1項至第5項中任一項所述的咪唑雜菲化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的有機發光二極體,其中所述有機發光二極體為藍色發光二極體。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的有機發光二極體,其中所述發光層包括主體發光材料及客體發光材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述的有機發光二極體,其中所述主體發光材料包括所述咪唑雜菲化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的有機發光二極體,更包括至少一輔助層,所述輔助層選自由電洞注入層、電洞傳輸層、電洞阻擋層、電子注入層、電子傳輸層以及電子阻擋層所組成的群組。
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