TWI626713B - 具有埋置介電層以防止銅擴散的soi晶圓 - Google Patents

具有埋置介電層以防止銅擴散的soi晶圓 Download PDF

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TWI626713B
TWI626713B TW105138373A TW105138373A TWI626713B TW I626713 B TWI626713 B TW I626713B TW 105138373 A TW105138373 A TW 105138373A TW 105138373 A TW105138373 A TW 105138373A TW I626713 B TWI626713 B TW I626713B
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oxide layer
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安東尼K 史塔佩爾
馬克塔G 法羅
約翰A 福特席夢斯
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格羅方德半導體公司
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Abstract

一種SOI半導體裝置包括具有主動半導體層及第一氧化物層的第一晶圓,以及具有半導體基板及第二氧化物層的第二晶圓,該第一氧化物層與該第二氧化物層接合,且該第一晶圓及該第二晶圓的其中之一包括氮化物層。該氮化物層可形成於該半導體基板與該第二氧化物層之間。在該半導體基板上可形成第三氧化物層,且該氮化物層形成於該第二氧化物層與該第三氧化物層之間。該氮化物層可形成於該主動半導體層與該第一氧化物層之間。該第一晶圓可包括形成於該主動半導體層上的第三氧化物層,且該氮化物層形成於該第三氧化物層與該第一氧化物層之間。

Description

具有埋置介電層以防止銅擴散的SOI晶圓
本發明通常關於埋置SOI晶圓,尤其關於在埋置SOI層中具有擴散阻擋物的埋置SOI晶圓。
矽通孔(through silicon via;TSV)半導體裝置包含銅並使用遷移離子例如鈉或鉀,包含例如化學機械拋光(chemical mechanical polish;CMP)製程。銅或遷移離子在封裝或芯片使用期間可擴散穿過矽或氧化物並抵達裝置例如FET或MOS電容器,從而導致閾值電壓漂移以及其它裝置退化。使用埋置氧化物(buried oxide;BOX)的絕緣體上矽晶圓被用來形成積體電路,而該BOX可為遷移離子或銅提供非預期的擴散路徑。目前的趨勢是使用具有較大弓形度及較高深寬比TSV(更短且更窄TSV)的較薄矽晶圓,從而進一步增加污染問題。
在一個實施例中,一種SOI半導體裝置包括:具有主動半導體層及第一氧化物層的第一晶圓;以及具有操作基板及第二氧化物層的第二晶圓,該第一晶圓的 該第一氧化物層與該第二晶圓的該第二氧化物層接合,其中,該第一晶圓及該第二晶圓的其中之一包括氮化物層。在一個實施例中,該第二晶圓包括形成於該操作基板與該第二氧化物層之間的該氮化物層。在另一個實施例中,該第二晶圓包括形成於該操作基板上的第三氧化物層,且該氮化物層形成於該第二晶圓的該第二氧化物層與該第三氧化物層之間。在又一個實施例中,該氮化物層形成於該第一晶圓的該主動半導體層與該第一氧化物層之間。在另一個實施例中,該第一晶圓包括形成於該主動半導體層上的第三氧化物層,且該氮化物層形成於該第一晶圓上的該第三氧化物層與該第一氧化物層之間。
在一個實施例中,一種矽通孔(through silicon via;TSV)半導體裝置包括:半導體裝置層,包括銅接觸墊;埋置氧化物(buried oxide;BOX)層,該BOX層包括具有主動半導體層及第一氧化物層的第一晶圓;以及具有操作基板及第二氧化物層的第二晶圓,該第二氧化物層與該第一氧化物層接合,其中,該第一晶圓及該第二晶圓的其中之一包括氮化物層;以及操作基板層。在一個實施例中,該半導體裝置層形成於該BOX層的頂部上。在另一個實施例中,該半導體裝置層穿過該BOX層形成。在另一個實施例中,該半導體裝置層為環形層及線性銅填充層的其中之一。在又一個實施例中,該半導體裝置層包括絕緣體層。
在一個實施例中,一種形成SOI半導體裝 置的方法包括:在半導體基板上形成主動層;在該主動層上形成第一氧化物層;在操作基板上形成第二氧化物層;在該半導體基板及該操作基板的其中之一上形成氮化物層;以及將該半導體基板的該第一氧化物層與該操作基板的該第二氧化物層接合。在一個實施例中,該氮化物層形成於該操作基板與該第二氧化物層之間。在另一個實施例中,在該操作基板上形成第三氧化物層,且該氮化物層形成於該操作基板上的該第二氧化物層與該第三氧化物層之間。在又一個實施例中,該氮化物層形成於該半導體基板的該主動層與該第一氧化物層之間。在另一個實施例中,在該主動層上形成第三氧化物層,且該氮化物層形成於該第一半導體基板上的該第三氧化物層與該第一氧化物層之間。
在一個實施例中,一種形成矽通孔(TSV)半導體裝置的方法包括:形成包括銅接觸墊的半導體裝置層;以及在操作基板層上形成埋置氧化物(BOX)層,該BOX層包括具有主動半導體層及第一氧化物層的第一晶圓;以及具有操作基板及第二氧化物層的第二晶圓,該第二氧化物層與該第一氧化物層接合,其中,該第一晶圓與該第二晶圓的其中之一包括氮化物層。在一個實施例中,該半導體裝置層形成於該BOX層的頂部上。在另一個實施例中,該半導體裝置層穿過該BOX層形成。在又一個實施例中,該半導體裝置層為環形層及線性銅填充層的其中之一。在另一個實施例中,該半導體裝置層包括絕緣體層。
10‧‧‧半導體晶圓、第一基板、基板
12‧‧‧第二基板、基板
14‧‧‧二氧化矽層、氧化物層、層、絕緣層
16‧‧‧注入區、離子注入施體區、施體層
18‧‧‧主動區、主動層、主動半導體層
20‧‧‧擴散阻擋層、擴散層
22‧‧‧氮化物層、擴散阻擋層、阻擋擴散層
24‧‧‧二氧化矽層、氧化物層、層
26‧‧‧複合結構
28‧‧‧BOX結構
30‧‧‧擴散阻擋層
32、60‧‧‧氧化物層
34、38、42‧‧‧SOI晶圓
36、40、44‧‧‧BOX結構
50‧‧‧裝置
52‧‧‧半導體裝置層
54‧‧‧銅接觸墊
56‧‧‧TiW層
58‧‧‧氮化物層
62、66、68、69、70‧‧‧層
64‧‧‧BOX層
130‧‧‧複合基板
通過結合圖式閱讀下面有關本發明的示例實施例的詳細說明,本發明的這些及其它目的、特徵及優點將變得清楚,圖式中:第1a圖顯示依據一個實施例的施體晶圓的製程。
第1b圖顯示依據一個實施例的操作晶圓的製程。
第1c圖顯示依據一個實施例的接合該施體與操作晶圓的步驟。
第1d圖顯示依據一個實施例的接合後的施體與操作晶圓。
第1e圖顯示依據一個實施例的移除施體層的製程。
第2a圖顯示依據另一個實施例的製程步驟。
第2b圖顯示依據一個實施例的操作晶圓的製程。
第2c圖顯示依據一個實施例的接合該施體與操作晶圓的步驟。
第2d圖顯示依據一個實施例的接合後的施體與操作晶圓。
第2e圖顯示依據一個實施例的移除施體層的製程。
第3a圖顯示依據另一個實施例的製程步驟。
第3b圖顯示依據一個實施例的操作晶圓的製程。
第3c圖顯示依據一個實施例的接合該施體與操作晶圓的步驟。
第3d圖顯示依據一個實施例的接合後的施體與操作晶圓。
第3e圖顯示依據一個實施例的移除施體層的製程。
第4a圖顯示依據另一個實施例的製程步驟。
第4b圖顯示依據一個實施例的操作晶圓的製程。
第4c圖顯示依據一個實施例的接合該施體與操作晶圓的步驟。
第4d圖顯示依據一個實施例的接合後的施體與操作晶圓。
第4e圖顯示依據一個實施例的移除施體層的製程。
第5圖顯示依據一個實施例的TSV結構。
本發明涉及在厚度為十分之幾奈米至數百奈米的範圍內的二氧化矽層上依據要形成的半導體裝置的 類型,具有厚度為幾十奈米至幾百奈米的高質量矽層的SOI基板的形成。另外,採用晶圓接合技術,其中,提供第一晶圓(常常被稱為施體晶圓)並提供第二晶圓(常常被稱為操作晶圓)。在該些晶圓的至少其中之一上生長或沉積具有所需厚度的二氧化矽層。該第一晶圓及該第二晶圓的至少其中之一包括氮化物層。隨後,對該第一晶圓較佳地利用氫離子執行離子注入,其中,在該第一晶圓的良好定義的深度穿過該二氧化矽層注入離子,從而在該二氧化矽層與該氫的峰值濃度之間保持具有特定厚度的半導體層。可使用熟知的智能剝離(Smart-cut)製程。在該注入以後,將該第一晶圓與該第二晶圓接合在一起,其中,該第一晶圓的該二氧化矽與該第二晶圓的該二氧化矽形成接合界面;或者該第一晶圓的該二氧化矽與該第二晶圓的該矽形成接合界面。在該接合製程(其包括退火步驟)以後,該第一晶圓與該第二晶圓的複合物經歷切割製程,其中,包括該注入氫離子的區域充當分隔層,以最終獲得具有形成於二氧化矽層上的高質量矽層的SOI晶圓。接著,通過化學機械拋光(chemical mechanical polishing;CMP)和/或快速熱退火處理該矽層,以獲得所需的表面質量,如現有技術所已知。
請參照第1a至1e圖,現在將說明本發明的示例實施例,其原則上可採用如上所述的序列。在第1a圖及第1b圖中,提供第一基板10,例如矽晶圓或任意其它合適的半導體基板,以及第二基板12,例如矽晶圓、玻 璃晶圓或任意其它合適的操作晶圓。例如,第一及第二基板10及12可為可從多個供應商處獲得的用於標準積體電路製造的標準矽晶圓。基板12經歷標準背面處理,例如步驟:旋轉沖洗-乾燥(spin rinse-dry;SRD)、BW背接觸、氫氧化鉀(KOH)清洗、切割、背接觸後清洗(其中氫氟酸將氧化物自操作晶圓剝離、含硫、標準清洗1、標準清洗2)以及接合清洗。半導體基板10例如可包括矽、SiGe、SiC、GaN、InP、GaAs、AlGaN、InAlN、AlGaN,或其組合的至少其中一種。應當瞭解,依據應用,該操作或半導體晶圓可為N或P型,具有低或高的摻雜濃度。
第一基板10具有形成於其上的具有所需厚度的絕緣層14。在一個特定實施例中,絕緣層14為二氧化矽層,具有約50奈米至0.05微米範圍內的厚度。絕緣層14可通過現有技術中已知的任意合適的生長和/或沉積方法形成。例如,當作為二氧化矽層設置時,絕緣層14可通過氧化第一基板10以形成熱氧化物層而形成。
第一基板10經歷離子注入,以形成注入區16,其峰值濃度位於預定義深度,該預定義深度可通過注入參數及絕緣層14的厚度進行良好控制。較佳地,以適於在絕緣層16約10至500奈米下方設置注入區16的劑量及能量來注入氫離子。在二氧化矽層14與離子注入施體區16之間形成主動區18。
第二基板12具有形成於其上的擴散阻擋層20,其組成及厚度經選擇以在半導體裝置製造期間可能發 生的升高溫度下充當銅原子及離子的擴散阻擋層。在第1b圖的實施例中,擴散阻擋層20為氮化物層22(其是有效防止銅原子及離子形式減輕其穿過的熟知介電材料)以及二氧化矽層24。依據製程要求,擴散阻擋層20的厚度可在10奈米至數百奈米的範圍內。例如,如果第二基板12是將作為操作晶圓被用於半導體裝置的進一步製程及形成的矽晶圓,則擴散層20具有50奈米的厚度以在基板12的製程期間降低或消除銅污染的可能性是有利的。若基板12是其中銅具有明顯較小的擴散係數的材料(與矽相比),則可選擇擴散層20的厚度在10至200奈米範圍內。擴散阻擋層20的形成可包括任意適當的沉積方法,例如等離子體增強型或低壓化學及物理氣相沉積,以形成例如氮化矽層22及二氧化矽層24。
第1c圖示意顯示即將執行接合製程之前的第一基板10及第二基板12,其中,將擴散阻擋層20的氧化物層24與絕緣層14彼此相向佈置。
在第1d圖中,形成複合結構26,包括基板12、氮化物層22、氧化物層24、氧化物層14,以及基板10的主動層18及施體層16。如前面所述,將基板10與基板12接合可能需要退火步驟,以確保複合基板130的所需穩定性,其全部可通過使用已知的現有技術實現。
第1e圖示意顯示在基板10的注入區16的分離以後的基板12。該兩個基板的該分離可通過在對應注入區16的位置的複合基板26的周邊的水射流來實現。接 著,所形成的BOX結構28(其頂部上形成有主動層18)可經歷任意表面處理,例如CMP,以針對該基板的進一步製程獲得所需的表面屬性。
如上所述,本發明涉及形成具有嵌埋於SOI絕緣體中的氮化物或其它遷移離子和/或銅擴散阻擋物的SOI BOX晶圓的方法及結構。因此,與傳統SOI基板相反,依據本發明,BOX結構26包括擴散阻擋層30,其有效防止銅原子及遷移離子擴散穿過擴散阻擋層30進入主動層18。在此實施例中,擴散阻擋層30包括氮化物層22、氧化物層24以及氧化物層14。由於層14與24之間的氧化物:氧化物接合,BOX結構28的穩定性相對現有技術結構得到改進。
第1a至1e圖揭示本發明的BOX結構的一個實施例,其中,具有氮化物層及氧化物層的操作晶圓與具有氧化物層及智能剝離(smart cut)施體層的半導體晶圓接合。
第2a至2e圖揭示通過將具有氧化物層、氮化物層及氧化物層的操作晶圓與具有氧化物層及智能剝離(smart cut)施體層的半導體晶圓接合來形成BOX結構的製程。在此實施例中,基板12包括形成於半導體基板12上的氧化物層32,且氮化物層22形成於基板12的氧化物層24與氧化物層32之間。在第2e圖中,所形成的SOI晶圓34 BOX結構36包括擴散阻擋層22,其包括氧化物層14、24以及32。
第3a至3e圖揭示通過將具有氧化物層的操作晶圓與具有氧化物層、氮化物層以及智能剝離(smart cut)施體層的半導體晶圓接合來形成BOX結構的製程。在此實施例中,氮化物層22形成於半導體晶圓10的主動半導體層18與氧化物層14之間。在第3e圖中,所形成的SOI晶圓38包括BOX結構40,其包括氧化物層14、24以及氮化物層22。
第4a至4e圖揭示通過將具有氧化物層的操作晶圓與具有氧化物層、氮化物層、氧化物層以及智能剝離(smart cut)施體層的半導體晶圓接合來形成BOX結構的製程。在此實施例中,半導體晶圓10包括形成於主動半導體層18上的氧化物層32,且氮化物層22形成於氧化物層32與氧化物層14之間。在第4e圖中,所形成的SOI晶圓42具有BOX結構44,該BOX結構包括阻擋擴散層22,其包括氧化物層14、24以及32。
第5圖顯示矽通孔(TSV)半導體裝置50,其具有半導體裝置層52,該半導體裝置層52包括銅接觸墊54以及TiW層56。裝置50包括氮化物層58、氧化物層60以及層62。BOX層64包括具有主動半導體層及第一氧化物層的第一晶圓,以及具有半導體基板及第二氧化物層的第二晶圓,該第二氧化物層與該第一氧化物層接合,其中,該第一晶圓及該第二晶圓的其中之一包括氮化物層;以及操作基板層,如第1e至4e圖的其中一個中所示。層66包含半導體裝置例如FET。層68為後端線路層,其事先被構 建於該半導體基板上。層69為最終金屬終端,也被稱為凸塊下金屬化層(under bump metallurgy)。層70為矽通孔,其將位於該半導體基板的正面上的後端佈線與該半導體基板的背面連接。
TSV裝置50形成自晶圓頂部(在BOX上方),穿過BOX,抵達薄化的操作晶圓背面。該TSV裝置可為環形TSV、襯裡/銅填充TSV或絕緣TSV。BOX中的SiN層可能需要在接合溫度或更高溫度下緻密化,以避免在接合期間逸氣或收縮。
儘管已就本發明的示例及所執行的實施例特別顯示並說明了本發明,但本領域的技術人員將理解,可在其中在形式及細節上作上述及其它變更,而不背離本發明的精神及範圍,本發明的精神及範圍應當僅受所附申請專利範圍限制。

Claims (19)

  1. 一種SOI半導體裝置,包括:第一晶圓,具有主動半導體層及第一氧化物層;以及第二晶圓,具有操作基板及第二氧化物層,該第一晶圓的該第一氧化物層與該第二晶圓的該第二氧化物層接合,其中,該第二晶圓包括形成於該操作基板上的第三氧化物層,且該氮化物層形成於該第二晶圓的該第二氧化物層與該第三氧化物層之間;其中,該第一晶圓及該第二晶圓的其中之一包括氮化物層。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之SOI半導體裝置,其中:該第二晶圓包括形成於該操作基板與該第二氧化物層之間的該氮化物層。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之SOI半導體裝置,其中:該氮化物層形成於該第一晶圓的該主動半導體層與該第一氧化物層之間。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之SOI半導體裝置,其中:該第一晶圓包括形成於該主動半導體層上的第三氧化物層,且該氮化物層形成於該第一晶圓上的該第三氧化物層與該第一氧化物層之間。
  5. 一種矽通孔(TSV)半導體裝置,包括:半導體裝置層,包括銅接觸墊; 埋置氧化物(BOX)層,該BOX層包括具有主動半導體層及第一氧化物層的第一晶圓;以及具有操作基板及第二氧化物層的第二晶圓,該第二氧化物層與該第一氧化物層接合,其中,該第一晶圓及該第二晶圓的其中之一包括氮化物層;以及操作基板層。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之TSV半導體裝置,其中,該半導體裝置層形成於該BOX層的頂部上。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之TSV半導體裝置,其中,該半導體裝置層穿過該BOX層形成。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之TSV半導體裝置,其中,該半導體裝置層為環形層及線性銅填充層的其中之一。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之TSV半導體裝置,其中,該半導體裝置層包括絕緣體層。
  10. 一種形成SOI半導體裝置之方法,包括:在半導體基板上形成主動層;在該主動層上形成第一氧化物層;在操作基板上形成第二氧化物層;在該半導體基板或該操作基板的其中之一上形成氮化物層;以及將該半導體基板的該第一氧化物層與該操作基板的該第二氧化物層接合。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之形成SOI半導體裝置之方法,其中,該氮化物層形成於該操作基板與該第二氧化物層之間。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之形成SOI半導體裝置之方法,還包括形成於該操作基板上的第三氧化物層,且該氮化物層形成於該操作基板上的該第二氧化物層與該第三氧化物層之間。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之形成SOI半導體裝置之方法,其中,該氮化物層形成於該半導體基板的該主動層與該第一氧化物層之間。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之形成SOI半導體裝置之方法,還包括形成於該主動層上的第三氧化物層,且該氮化物層形成於該半導體基板上的該第三氧化物層與該第一氧化物層之間。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之形成SOI半導體裝置之方法,還包括形成矽通孔(TSV)半導體裝置,包括:形成包括銅接觸墊的半導體裝置層;以及在操作基板層上形成埋置氧化物(BOX)層,該BOX層包括具有該主動半導體層及該第一氧化物層的第一晶圓;以及具有該操作基板及該第二氧化物層的第二晶圓,該第二氧化物層與該第一氧化物層接合,其中,該第一晶圓與該第二晶圓的其中之一包括氮化物層。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第15項所述之形成SOI半導體裝置之方法,其中,該半導體裝置層形成於該BOX層的頂部 上。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第15項所述之形成SOI半導體裝置之方法,其中,該半導體裝置層穿過該BOX層形成。
  18. 如申請專利範圍第15項所述之形成SOI半導體裝置之方法,其中,該半導體裝置層為環形層及線性銅填充層的其中之一。
  19. 如申請專利範圍第15項所述之形成SOI半導體裝置之方法,其中,該半導體裝置層包括絕緣體層。
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US20170186693A1 (en) 2017-06-29
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