TWI625598B - Inorganic film forming composition for multilayer photoresist process and pattern forming method - Google Patents
Inorganic film forming composition for multilayer photoresist process and pattern forming method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI625598B TWI625598B TW103110666A TW103110666A TWI625598B TW I625598 B TWI625598 B TW I625598B TW 103110666 A TW103110666 A TW 103110666A TW 103110666 A TW103110666 A TW 103110666A TW I625598 B TWI625598 B TW I625598B
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- Prior art keywords
- photoresist
- film
- group
- composition
- inorganic film
- Prior art date
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- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- -1 hydroxy acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 44
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001127 nanoimprint lithography Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052795 boron group element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
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- GPEHQHXBPDGGDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetonitrile;propan-2-one Chemical compound CC#N.CC(C)=O GPEHQHXBPDGGDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 8
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
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- YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 7
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- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 5
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001990 dicarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC(N)=N1 VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCO ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- FAYMLNNRGCYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M triphenylsulfonium triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.C1=CC=CC=C1[S+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FAYMLNNRGCYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/302—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to change their surface-physical characteristics or shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting
- H01L21/306—Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching
- H01L21/308—Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching using masks
- H01L21/3081—Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching using masks characterised by their composition, e.g. multilayer masks, materials
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- C07F11/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 6 or 16 of the Periodic Table
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- C07F13/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 7 or 17 of the Periodic Table
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- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/003—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table without C-Metal linkages
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- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/06—Aluminium compounds
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- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
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- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
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Abstract
本發明係關於具有複數金屬原子、交聯配位子與來自選自羥基酸酯、β-二酮、β-酮酯及β-二羧酸酯所成群之至少1種化合物的配位子(b),上述交聯配位子含有來自式(1)所示化合物的交聯配位子(a),含有上述交聯配位子(a)對於交聯配位子全體而言含有率為50莫耳%以上之錯體的多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物。式(1)中,R1為n價有機基。X為-OH、-COOH、-NCO或-NHR2。n為2~4的整數。
Description
本發明係關於多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物及圖型形成方法。
隨著半導體裝置等微細化,欲得到更高集成度而使用多層光阻製程之加工尺寸的微細化正進行著。在該多層光阻製程中,於基板上使用無機膜形成組成物形成無機膜,於該無機膜上,所謂無機膜為使用相異蝕刻速度之有機材料,形成光阻圖型。其次,將該光阻圖型藉由乾蝕刻轉印於無機膜,且藉由經乾蝕刻轉印於基板,得到形成所望圖型之基板(參照特開2001-284209號公報、特開2010-85912號公報及特開2008-39811號公報)。最近作為上述無機膜形成組成物,使用矽系化合物以外,對於鄰接於無機膜而經配置之二氧化矽膜或有機膜的光阻下層膜,使用可提高蝕刻選擇性的金屬系化合物者亦被檢討(參照特表2005-537502號公報)。
於該無機膜形成組成物中,要求滿足以下種種特性。首先於圖型形成時,組成物經乾燥之塗膜,期待
藉由洗淨基板端部或裏面的背部邊緣沖洗,溶解於該洗淨溶劑後可除去。又,作為所得之無機膜,不僅可使上述蝕刻選擇性優良,亦可使形成於無機膜上之光阻圖型的形狀良好為必要。另外,欲得到對於多層光阻製程中充分的反射防止效果,作為無機膜之消光係數,以0.1~0.5程度的範圍為佳,無機膜形成組成物亦被要求賦予具有如此消光係數之無機膜。然而,在上述過去無機膜形成組成物中,無法同時滿足這些要求。
[專利文獻1]特開2001-284209號公報
[專利文獻2]特開2010-85912號公報
[專利文獻3]特開2008-39811號公報
[專利文獻4]特表2005-537502號公報
本發明係為基於如以上情事所成者,該目的為提供具有優良洗淨溶劑除去性之同時,亦可形成具有消光係數低且光阻圖型形成性及蝕刻選擇性優良的無機膜之多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物。
欲解決上述課題之發明為具有複數金屬原子、交聯配位子與來自選自羥基酸酯、β-二酮、β-酮酯及β-二羧酸酯所成群之至少1種化合物的配位子(b),上述交聯配位子為含有來自下述式(1)所示化合物的交聯配位子(a),含有上述交聯配位子(a)對於交聯配位子全體而言含有率為50莫耳%以上之錯體(以下亦稱為「〔A〕錯體」)之多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物。
本發明的圖型形成方法為具有於基板上面側形成無機膜之步驟、於上述無機膜上面側形成光阻圖型之步驟、及藉由將上述光阻圖型作為光罩之1或複數次乾蝕刻,於基板上形成圖型之步驟,將上述無機膜藉由該多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物形成。
其中,所謂「有機基」為含有至少1個碳原子之基。
所謂本發明之多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物及圖型形成方法,發揮優良洗淨溶劑除去性之同時,可形成消光係數低,且光阻圖型形成性及蝕刻選擇性亦優良的無機膜。因此,這些可適用於今後預想為進行更微細化之LSI的製造,特別可極適用於使用於微細接觸孔等形成。
<多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物>
該多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物於多層光阻製程中,即於將光阻圖型以外形成有機下層膜或SOG膜等其他層的基板進行加工之製程中,使用於形成作為前述其他層之無機膜。
該多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物含有〔A〕錯體。該組成物中作為較佳成分可含有溶劑(以下亦稱為「〔B〕溶劑」)、交聯促進劑(以下亦稱為「〔C〕交聯促進劑」),不損害本發明之效果的範圍下,可含有其他任意成分。以下對於各成分做說明。
<〔A〕錯體>
〔A〕錯體為具有複數金屬原子、交聯配位子與配位子(b),上述交聯配位子含有交聯配位子(a),上述交聯配位子(a)對於交聯配位子全體而言含有率為50莫耳
%以上。
該無機膜形成組成物因含有〔A〕錯體,具有優良洗淨溶劑除去性之同時,亦可形成消光係數低且光阻圖型形成性及蝕刻選擇性亦優良的無機膜。
該多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物因具有〔A〕錯體,對於達成上述效果的理由尚未明確,例如可推測如以下所示。即,〔A〕錯體具有來自上述式(1)所示化合物之交聯配位子(a),含有複數金屬原子之多核錯體。又,由交聯配位子(a)對於交聯配位子全體而言的含有率為50莫耳%以上,考慮可能為具有非-O-等主要以交聯配位子(a)交聯金屬原子間之結構。藉由具有如此結構,〔A〕錯體對於有機溶劑之溶解性變高,其結果該無機膜形成組成物具有優良洗淨溶劑除去性。又,藉由將具有如此多核結構之〔A〕錯體作為前驅物時,所形成之無機膜係為消光係數較低者。
以下依序說明構成〔A〕錯體之金屬原子、交聯配位子、交聯配位子(a)、配位子(b)。
〔金屬原子〕
〔A〕錯體含有複數金屬原子。該複數金屬原子被考慮為以含有交聯配位子(a)之交聯配位子進行交聯,又係以配位子(b)進行配位。該無機膜形成組成物因含有複數金屬原子,其具有優良光阻圖型形成性及蝕刻選擇性。
作為金屬原子,僅為金屬元素之原子即可,並無特別限定,例如可舉出Sc(鈧)、Y(釔)等第3族元素;Ti(鈦)、Zr(鋯)、Hf(鉿)等第4族元素;V(釩)、Nb(鈮)、Ta(鉭)等第5族元素;Cr(鉻)、Mo(鉬)、W(鎢)等第6族元素;Zn等第12族元素;Al(鋁)、Ga(鎵)、In(銦)、Tl(鉈)等第13族元素等原子。
彼等中,以第3族元素、第4族元素、第5族元素、第6族元素、第13族元素的原子為佳,以Y、Ti、Zr、Hf、Ta、W、Al的原子為更佳。
作為具有〔A〕錯體之金屬原子的平均個數之下限,以5個為佳,以10個為較佳,以15個為更佳。作為平均個數之上限,以100個為佳,以80個為較佳,以60個為更佳。金屬原子的平均個數為上述範圍時,由該無機膜形成組成物所形成之無機膜的消光係數可調整至更適度。
作為金屬原子之含有率,由可使由該無機膜形成組成物所形成之無機膜的消光係數變的更低之觀點來看,對於〔A〕錯體所含之金屬原子及半金屬原子的合計而言,以50莫耳%以上為佳,以80莫耳%以上為較佳,以95莫耳%以上為更佳,以99莫耳%以上為特佳。作為金屬原子,可為單獨含有1種,亦可含有2種以上元素之
原子。
〔交聯配位子〕
〔A〕錯體具有交聯配位子。〔A〕錯體因具有交聯配位子,可成為複核錯體。作為該交聯配位子,以下說明之交聯配位子(a)以外,例如亦可舉出氧原子(-O-)、過氧化物配位子(-O-O-)等。該交聯配位子一般配位成交聯上述金屬原子。
〔交聯配位子(a)〕
交聯配位子(a)為上述交聯配位子,其為來自下述式(1)所示化合物(以下亦稱為「化合物(A)」)之配位子。作為該交聯配位子(a)對於交聯配位子全體之含有率為50莫耳%以上,以70莫耳%以上為佳,以90莫耳%以上為較佳,以95莫耳%以上為更佳。〔A〕錯體具有作為交聯配位子之交聯配位子(a),將該交聯配位子(a)對於交聯配位子全體之含有率在上述範圍時,可成為主要以有機配位子經交聯之複核錯體,其結果該無機膜形成組成物可成為優良洗淨溶劑除去性者之同時,可降低由該無機膜形成組成物所形成之無機膜的消光係數。作為交聯配位子(a),可舉出化合物(A)自體、由化合物(A)脫離質子之陰離子等,藉由這些所具有的氧原子及/或氮原子,於上述金屬原子上配位。
上述式(1)中,R1為n價有機基。X為-OH、-COOH、-NCO或-NHRa。Ra為氫原子或1價有機基。n為2~4的整數。複數X可為相同或相異。
作為上述R1所示n價有機基,例如可舉出n價烴基、於該烴基之碳-碳間含有具有雜原子之基的含有n價雜原子之基、上述烴基及含有雜原子之基所具有的一部或全部的氫原子經取代基取代之n價基等。
作為上述n價烴基,例如可舉出甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丁烷等烷烴;乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、戊烯等烯烴;乙炔、丙炔、丁炔、戊炔等炔等碳數1~30的鏈狀烴、環丙烷、環丁烷、環戊烷、環己烷、降冰片烷、金剛烷等環烷烴、環丙烯、環丁烯、環戊烯、環己烯、降冰片烯等環烯烴等碳數3~30的脂環式烴、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、均三甲苯、萘、甲基萘、二甲基萘、蒽等芳烴等碳數6~30的芳香族烴等烴中除去n個氫原子的基等。
作為具有上述雜原子之基,例如可舉出具有選自氧原子、氮原子、矽原子、磷原子及硫原子所成群之至少1種的基等,可舉出-O-、-NH-、-CO-、-S-、組合這些之基等。彼等中亦以-O-為佳。
作為上述取代基,例如可舉出
氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子等鹵素原子;甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基等烷氧基;甲氧基羰基、乙氧基羰基等烷氧基羰基;甲氧基羰基氧基、乙氧基羰基氧基等烷氧基羰基氧基;甲醯基、乙醯基、丙醯基、丁醯基、苯甲醯基等醯基;氰基、硝基等。
作為上述n,以2或3為佳,以2為較佳。
作為上述-NHRa的Ra所示1價有機基,例如可舉出碳數1~20的1價烴基、於該烴基之碳-碳間含有具有雜原子之基的含有雜原子之基、具有上述烴基及含有雜原子之基的一部或全部之氫原子經取代基取代的基等。作為Ra,以1價烴基為佳,以1價鏈狀烴基為較佳,以烷基為更佳,以甲基為特佳。
作為上述R1,作為n為2時,以2價鏈狀烴基、2價芳香族烴基、含有2價雜原子之基為佳,以烷烴二基、烯烴二基、芳烴二基、烷烴二基氧基烷烴二基為較佳,以1,2-乙烷二基、1,2-丙烷二基、丁烷二基、己烷二基、乙烯二基、二甲苯二基、乙烷二基氧基乙烷二基為更佳。
作為n為3者,以3價鏈狀烴基為佳,以烷烴三基為較佳,以1,2,3-丙烷三基為更佳。
作為n為4者,以4價鏈狀烴基為佳,以烷烴四基為較佳,以1,2,3,4-丁烷四基為更佳。
作為化合物(A),例如可舉出下述式(1-
1)~(1-4)所示化合物(以下亦稱為「化合物(1-1)~(1-4)」)等。
上述式(1-1)~(1-4)中,R1、Ra、Rb及n與上述式(1)同義。
作為化合物(1-1),例如作為n為2者,可舉出乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、六甲二醇等烷二醇;二乙二醇、二丙二醇、二丁二醇、三乙二醇、三丙二醇等二烷二醇;環己烷二醇、環己烷二甲醇、降冰片烷二醇、降冰片烷二甲醇、金剛烷二醇等環烷二醇;1,4-苯二甲醇、2,6-萘二甲醇等芳香環含有甘醇;兒茶酚、間苯二酚、氫醌等2價酚等,作為n為3者,可舉出甘油、1,2,4-丁烷三醇等烷烴三醇;1,2,4-環己烷三醇、1,2,4-環己烷三甲醇等環烷烴三醇;1,2,4-苯三甲醇、2,3,6-萘三甲醇等芳香環含有甘醇;
鄰苯三酚、2,3,6-萘三醇等3價酚等,作為n為4者,可舉出赤蘚糖醇、五赤蘚糖醇等烷烴四醇;1,2,4,5-環己烷四醇等環烷烴四醇;1,2,4,5-苯四甲醇等芳香環含有四醇;1,2,4,5-苯四醇等4價酚等。
彼等中,n以2或3者為佳,以烷二醇、二烷二醇、烷烴三醇為較佳,以丙二醇、二乙二醇、甘油為更佳。
作為化合物(1-2),例如作為n為2者,可舉出草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸等鏈狀飽和二羧酸;馬來酸、富馬酸等鏈狀不飽和二羧酸;1,4-環己烷二羧酸、降冰片烷二羧酸、金剛烷二羧酸等脂環式二羧酸;鄰苯二甲酸、對苯二甲酸、2,6-萘二羧酸、2,7-萘二羧酸等芳香族二羧酸等作為n為3者,可舉出1,2,3-丙烷三羧酸等鏈狀飽和三羧酸;1,2,3-丙烯三羧酸等鏈狀不飽和三羧酸;1,2,4-環己烷三羧酸等脂環式三羧酸;偏苯三酸、2,3,7-萘三羧酸等芳香族三羧酸等作為n為4者,可舉出1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸等鏈狀飽和四羧酸;
1,2,3,4-丁二烯四羧酸等鏈狀不飽和四羧酸;1,2,5,6-環己烷四羧酸、2,3,5,6-降冰片烷四羧酸等脂環式四羧酸;均苯四甲酸、2,3,6,7-萘四羧酸等芳香族四羧酸等。
彼等中,以n為2者為佳,以鏈狀飽和二羧酸、鏈狀不飽和二羧酸為較佳,以馬來酸、琥珀酸為更佳。
作為化合物(1-3),例如作為n為2者,伸乙基二異氰酸酯、三伸甲基二異氰酸酯、四伸甲基二異氰酸酯、六伸甲基二異氰酸酯等鏈狀二異氰酸酯;1,4-環己烷二異氰酸酯、異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯等脂環式二異氰酸酯;甲苯二異氰酸酯、1,4-苯二異氰酸酯、4,4’-二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯等芳香族二異氰酸酯等,作為n為3者,可舉出三伸甲基三異氰酸酯等鏈狀三異氰酸酯;1,2,4-環己烷三異氰酸酯等脂環式三異氰酸酯;1,2,4-苯三異氰酸酯等芳香族三異氰酸酯等作為n為4者,可舉出四伸甲基四異氰酸酯等鏈狀四異氰酸酯;1,2,4,5-環己烷四異氰酸酯等脂環式四異氰酸酯;1,2,4,5-苯四異氰酸酯等芳香族四異氰酸酯等。
彼等中,以n為2者為佳,以鏈狀二異氰酸酯為較佳,以六伸甲基二異氰酸酯為更佳。
作為化合物(1-4),例如作為n為2者,可舉出乙二胺、N-甲基乙二胺、N,N’-二甲基乙二胺、三伸甲基二胺、N,N’-二甲基三伸甲基二胺、四伸甲基二胺、N,N’-二甲基四伸甲基二胺等鏈狀二胺;1,4-環己烷二胺、1,4-二(胺基甲基)環己烷等脂環式二胺;1,4-二胺基苯、4,4’-二胺基二苯基甲烷等芳香族二胺等,作為n為3者,可舉出三胺基丙烷、N,N’,N”-三甲基三胺基丙烷等鏈狀三胺;1,2,4-三胺基環己烷等脂環式三胺;1,2,4-三胺基苯等芳香族三胺等,作為n為4者,可舉出四胺基丁烷等鏈狀四胺;1,2,4,5-四胺基環己烷、2,3,5,6-四胺基降冰片烷等脂環式四胺;1,2,4,5-四胺基苯等芳香族四胺等。
彼等中,以n為2者為佳,以鏈狀二胺為較佳,以N,N’-二甲基乙二胺為更佳。
〔配位子(b)〕
配位子(b)為來自選自羥基酸酯、β-二酮、β-酮酯及β-二羧酸酯所成群之至少1種化合物的配位子,配位於〔A〕錯體之金屬原子。〔A〕錯體因除具有交聯配位子
(a)以外,亦具有配位子(b),提高對於有機溶劑之溶解性。該結果為該無機膜形成組成物具有優良洗淨溶劑除去性。配位子(b)一般為該具有之2個以上氧原子藉由結合於上述金屬原子之複數配位座而配位。
作為上述羥基酸酯,僅為具有羥基之羧酸酯即可,並無特別限定,例如可舉出下述式(2)所示化合物等。
上述式(2)中,RA為碳數1~20的2價有機基。RB為碳數1~20的1價有機基。
作為上述RA所示2價有機基,例如可舉出作為上述式(1)之R1的有機基所例示者中,n為2且碳數為1~20者等。作為上述RB所示1價有機基,例如可舉出與作為上述式(1)的Ra所示1價有機基所例示者之同樣基等。
作為羥基酸酯,例如可舉出甘醇酸酯、乳酸酯、2-羥基環己烷-1-羧酸酯、水楊酸酯等。彼等中以乳酸酯為佳,以乳酸乙酯為較佳。
作為上述β-二酮,僅具有1,3-二酮結構之化合物即可,並無特別限定,例如可舉出下述式(3)所示
化合物等。
上述式(3)中,RC及RD各獨立為碳數1~20的1價有機基。RE為氫原子或碳數1~20的1價有機基。
作為上述RB、RC及RD所示碳數1~20的1價有機基,例如可舉出作為上述式(1)的Ra所示1價有機基所例示之同樣基等。
作為β-二酮,例如可舉出乙醯基丙酮、甲基乙醯基丙酮、乙基乙醯基丙酮、2,4-戊烷二酮、3-甲基-2,4-戊烷二酮等。彼等中亦以乙醯基丙酮為佳。
作為上述β-酮酯,僅為於羧酸酯的β位上具有酮性羰基之化合物即可,並無特別限定,例如可舉出下述式(4)所示化合物等。
上述式(4)中,RF及RG各獨立為碳數1~20的1價有機基。RH為氫原子或碳數1~20的1價有機基。
作為上述RF、RG及RG所示碳數1~20的1價有機基,例如可舉出作為上述式(1)的Ra所示1價有機基所例示之同樣基等。
作為β-酮酯,例如可舉出乙醯乙酸酯、α-烷基取代乙醯乙酸酯、β-酮戊烷酸酯、苯甲醯基乙酸酯、1,3-丙酮二羧酸二酯等。彼等中,以乙醯乙酸酯、1,3-丙酮二羧酸二酯為佳,以乙醯乙酸乙酯、1,3-丙酮二羧酸二乙基為較佳。
作為β-二羧酸酯,例如可舉出下述式(5)所示化合物等。
上述式(5)中,RI及RJ各獨立為碳數1~20的1價有機基。RK為氫原子或碳數1~20的1價有機基。
作為上述RI、RJ及RK所示碳數1~20的1價有機基,例如可舉出作為上述式(1)的Ra所示1價有機基所例示之同樣基等。
作為β-二羧酸酯,例如可舉出丙二酸二酯、α-烷基取代丙二酸二酯、α-環烷基取代丙二酸二酯、α-芳基取代丙二酸二酯等。彼等中,以丙二酸二酯為佳,以丙二酸二乙基為較佳。
作為配位子(b)對於上述金屬原子之含有量(配位子(b)之莫耳數/金屬原子之莫耳數)之下限,以10莫耳%為佳,以20莫耳%為較佳,以30莫耳%為更佳。作為配位子(b)對於上述金屬原子之含有量的上限,以400莫耳%為佳,以350莫耳%為較佳,以300莫耳%為更佳。因將配位子(b)對於上述金屬原子之含有量於上述範圍時,可提高該無機膜形成組成物之洗淨溶劑除去性。
上述交聯配位子(a)及配位子(b)以佔有上述金屬原子的配位座中50%以上時為佳,佔有60%以上時為較佳,佔有70%以上時為更佳。交聯配位子(a)及配位子(b)佔有上述金屬原子的配位座中之上述範圍時,可進一步提高該無機膜形成組成物之洗淨溶劑除去性。且,所謂〔A〕錯體中之金屬原子的配位座數,其為各金屬原子所具有的配位座數之總和。又,上述金屬原子之配位座的占有率為全金屬原子中之占有率的平均值。
作為〔A〕錯體的數平均分子量之下限,以300為佳,以500為較佳,以1,000為更佳。作為〔A〕錯體的數平均分子量之上限,以10,000為佳,以9,000為較佳,以8,500為更佳。將〔A〕錯體之數平均分子量為
上述範圍時,該無機膜形成組成物可更適度地調整由該無機膜形成組成物所形成之無機膜的消光係數。
<〔A〕錯體之合成方法>
〔A〕錯體為,例如可將含有2以上之烷氧基配位子的金屬化合物、下述式(1)所示化合物與選自羥基酸酯、β-二酮、β-酮酯及β-二羧酸酯所成群之至少1種化合物在溶劑中進行反應後得到之生成物。此時,先將具有2以上之烷氧基配位子的金屬化合物與選自羥基酸酯、β-二酮、β-酮酯及β-二羧酸酯所成群之至少1種配位子進行反應,得到該配位子經配位之金屬化合物後,亦可與下述式(1)所示化合物進行反應。作為上述烷氧基配位子,例如可舉出甲氧化物配位子、乙氧化物配位子、異丙氧化物配位子、丁氧化物配位子等。作為上述金屬化合物,取代烷氧基配位子,可為具有氯化物配位子、溴化物配位子等鹵化物配位子等者。
上述式(1)中,R1為n價有機基。X為-OH、-COOH、-NCO或-NHRa。Ra為氫原子或1價有機基。n為2~4的整數。複數X可為相同或相異。
作為使用於上述反應之溶劑,並無特別限
定,例如可舉出醇系溶劑、酮系溶劑、醯胺系溶劑、醚系溶劑、酯系溶劑、烴系溶劑等。作為這些溶劑,例如可舉出作為後述〔B〕溶劑所例示之各溶劑等。彼等中亦以醇系溶劑、醚系溶劑、酯系溶劑、烴系溶劑為佳,以1價脂肪族醇、烷二醇單烷基醚、羥基酸酯、烷二醇單烷基醚羧酸酯、環狀醚、芳香族烴為較佳,以碳數4以上的1價脂肪族醇、碳數6以上的烷二醇單烷基醚、碳數4以上的羥基酸酯、碳數6以上的烷二醇單烷基醚羧酸酯、碳數4以上的環狀醚、碳數7以上的芳香族烴為更佳,以丁醇、丙二醇單甲醚、丙二醇單乙基醚、丙二醇單丙基醚、乳酸乙酯、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、四氫呋喃、甲苯為特佳。使用於上述反應之溶劑無須在反應後除去,直接作為該無機膜形成組成物之〔B〕溶劑。
作為上述反應之溫度,以0℃~150℃為佳,以10℃~120℃為更佳。作為上述反應之時間以30分鐘~24小時為佳,以1小時~20小時為較佳,以2小時~15小時為更佳。
上述反應在對於上述金屬化合物之50莫耳%以下的水存在下進行為佳,在30莫耳%以下之水存在下進行為較佳,在10莫耳%以下的水存在下進行為更佳。將上述反應在上述範圍之水存在下進行時,可減低金屬化合物與水進行反應所生成之-O-作為交聯配位子之結構生成,可提高對於所得之〔A〕錯體的上述交聯配位子(a)之交聯配位子全體而言之含有率,其結果可提高該無機膜
形成組成物之洗淨溶劑除去性。
對於上述反應生成物,上述金屬化合物所具有的烷氧基配位子之50莫耳%以上經取代者為佳,70莫耳%以上經取代者為較佳,90莫耳%以上經取代者為更佳。使用於上述反應之金屬化合物的烷氧基配位子之取代率在上述範圍時,可提高所得之〔A〕錯體中的交聯配位子(a)及配位子(b)之金屬原子的配位座所佔比率,其結果可提高該無機膜形成組成物之洗淨溶劑除去性。
<〔B〕溶劑>
該無機膜形成組成物一般含有〔B〕溶劑。作為〔B〕溶劑,僅使用可將〔A〕錯體溶解或分散者即可。作為〔B〕溶劑,例如可舉出醇系溶劑、酮系溶劑、醯胺系溶劑、醚系溶劑、酯系溶劑等。這些溶劑可單獨使用1種或混合2種以上使用。作為〔B〕溶劑,可與賦予〔A〕錯體之配位子(b)的化合物相同者。又,作為〔B〕溶劑,可無須除去上述〔A〕錯體的合成中反應所使用之溶劑而直接使用。
作為醇系溶劑,例如可舉出甲醇、乙醇、n-丙醇、iso-丙醇、n-丁醇、iso-丁醇、sec-丁醇、tert-丁醇、n-戊醇、iso-戊醇、2-甲基丁醇、sec-戊醇、tert-戊醇、n-己醇、2-甲基戊醇、sec-己醇、2-乙基丁醇、sec-庚醇、3-庚醇、n-辛醇、2-乙基己醇、sec-辛醇、n-壬醇、2,6-二甲基-4-庚醇、n-癸醇、sec-十一醇、三甲基壬醇、
sec-十四醇、sec-十五醇等1價脂肪族醇;環己醇、甲基環己醇、3,3,5-三甲基環己醇等1價脂環式醇;苯甲基醇、苯乙基醇等芳香族醇;3-甲氧基丁醇、糠基醇、二丙酮醇等1價醚基或酮基含有醇;乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、2,4-戊烷二醇、2-甲基-2,4-戊烷二醇、2,5-己烷二醇、2,4-庚烷二醇、2-乙基-1,3-己烷二醇、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、三乙二醇、三丙二醇等多價醇;乙二醇單甲醚、乙二醇單乙基醚、乙二醇單丙基醚、乙二醇單丁基醚、乙二醇單己基醚、乙二醇單苯基醚、乙二醇單-2-乙基丁基醚、丙二醇單甲醚、丙二醇單乙基醚、丙二醇單丙基醚、丙二醇單丁基醚等烷二醇單烷基醚;二乙二醇單甲醚、二乙二醇單乙基醚、二乙二醇單丙基醚、二乙二醇單丁基醚、二乙二醇單己基醚、二丙二醇單甲醚、二丙二醇單乙基醚、二丙二醇單丙基醚等醚基含有烷二醇單烷基醚等。
作為酮系溶劑,例如可舉出丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基n-丙基酮、甲基n-丁基酮、二乙基酮、甲基iso-丁基酮、甲基n-戊基酮、乙基n-丁基酮、甲基n-己基酮、二iso-丁基酮、三甲基壬酮等鏈狀酮;環戊酮、環己酮、環庚酮、環辛酮、甲基環己酮等環
狀酮;苯乙酮、苯基乙基酮等芳香族酮;丙酮基丙酮等γ-二酮等。
作為醯胺系溶劑,例如可舉出N-甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二乙基甲醯胺、乙醯胺、N-甲基乙醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、N-甲基丙醯胺等鏈狀醯胺;N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N’-二甲基咪唑啉酮等環狀醯胺等。
作為醚系溶劑,例如可舉出二乙醚、二丙基醚等二脂肪族醚;苯甲醚、苯基乙基醚等芳香族-脂肪族醚;二苯基醚等二芳香族醚;四氫呋喃、四氫吡喃、二噁烷等環狀醚等。
作為酯系溶劑,例如可舉出乙酸甲基、乙酸乙酯、乙酸n-丙酯、乙酸iso-丙酯、乙酸n-丁酯、乙酸iso-丁酯、乙酸sec-丁酯、乙酸n-戊酯、乙酸sec-戊酯、乙酸3-甲氧基丁酯、乙酸甲基戊酯、乙酸2-乙基丁酯、乙酸2-乙基己酯、乙酸苯甲酯、乙酸環己酯、乙酸甲基環己酯、乙酸n-壬基丙酸乙酯、丙酸n-丁酯、丙酸iso-戊酯、乙醯乙酸甲酯、乙醯乙酸乙酯等單羧酸酯;草酸二乙酯、草酸二-n-丁酯、丙二酸二乙酯、鄰苯二甲酸二甲酯、鄰苯二甲酸二乙酯等二羧酸酯;乙酸乙二醇單甲醚、乙酸乙二醇單乙基醚、乙酸乙二
醇單丙基醚、乙酸丙二醇單甲醚、乙酸丙二醇單乙基醚、乙酸丙二醇單丙基醚、乙酸丙二醇單丁基醚、丙酸丙二醇單甲醚等烷二醇單烷基醚的羧酸酯;乙酸二乙二醇單甲醚、乙酸二乙二醇單乙基醚、乙酸二乙二醇單-n-丁基醚、乙酸二丙二醇單甲醚、乙酸二丙二醇單乙基醚、丙酸二乙二醇單甲醚等醚基含有烷二醇單烷基醚的羧酸酯;甘醇酸甲酯、甘醇酸乙酯、乳酸甲酯、乳酸乙酯、乳酸n-丁酯、乳酸n-戊酯等羥基酸酯;γ-丁內酯、γ-戊內酯等內酯;二乙基碳酸酯、伸丙基碳酸酯等碳酸酯等。
作為〔B〕溶劑,彼等中以醇系溶劑、酯系溶劑為佳。
做醇系溶劑,以1價脂肪族醇、烷二醇單烷基醚為佳,以碳數4以上的1價脂肪族醇、碳數4以上的烷二醇單烷基醚為較佳,以丁醇、異戊醇、丙二醇單甲醚、丙二醇單乙基醚、丙二醇單丙基醚為更佳。作為酯系溶劑,以羥基酸酯、內酯、烷二醇單烷基醚的羧酸酯、含有醚基的烷二醇單烷基醚的羧酸酯為佳,以碳數4以上的羥基酸酯、碳數4以上的內酯、碳數6以上的烷二醇單烷基醚的單羧酸酯為較佳,以乳酸乙酯、γ-丁內酯、乙酸丙二醇單甲醚為更佳。
〔B〕溶劑以實質上不含水者為佳。因〔B〕溶劑於實質上不含水時,〔A〕錯體與水進行反應後,可
抑制交聯配位子(a)由-O-的交聯配位子取代,其結果可抑制該無機膜形成組成物之洗淨溶劑除去性的降低。
作為〔B〕溶劑之含有量,該無機膜形成組成物中之〔A〕錯體的含有量成為0.5質量%~50質量%之含有量為佳,成為2質量%~30質量%之含有量為較佳,成為5質量%~25質量%之含有量為更佳。
<〔C〕交聯促進劑>
該無機膜形成組成物可進一步含有〔C〕交聯促進劑。〔C〕交聯促進劑為藉由光或熱產生酸或鹼之化合物,該無機膜形成組成物因進一步含有〔C〕交聯促進劑,可提高光阻圖型形成性及蝕刻選擇性。作為〔C〕交聯促進劑,例如可舉出鎓鹽化合物、N-磺醯基氧醯亞胺化合物等。作為〔C〕交聯促進劑,藉由熱產生酸或鹼之熱交聯促進劑為佳,其中亦以鎓鹽化合物為佳。
作為鎓鹽化合物,例如可舉出鎏鹽、四氫噻吩鹽、碘鎓鹽、銨鹽等。
作為鎏鹽,例如可舉出三苯基鎏三氟甲烷磺酸鹽、三苯基鎏九氟-n-丁烷磺酸鹽、三苯基鎏全氟-n-辛烷磺酸鹽、三苯基鎏2-雙環〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基-1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷磺酸鹽、4-環己基苯基二苯基鎏三氟甲烷磺酸鹽、4-環己基苯基二苯基鎏九氟-n-丁烷磺酸鹽、4-環己基苯基二苯基鎏全氟-n-辛烷磺酸鹽、4-環己基苯基二苯基鎏2-雙環〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基-1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷磺酸鹽、4-甲烷磺醯
基苯基二苯基鎏三氟甲烷磺酸鹽、4-甲烷磺醯基苯基二苯基鎏九氟-n-丁烷磺酸鹽、4-甲烷磺醯基苯基二苯基鎏全氟-n-辛烷磺酸鹽、4-甲烷磺醯基苯基二苯基鎏2-雙環〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基-1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷磺酸鹽、三苯基鎏1,1,2,2-四氟-6-(1-金剛烷羰氧基)-己烷-1-磺酸鹽等。
作為四氫噻吩鹽,例如可舉出1-(4-n-丁氧基萘-1-基)四氫噻吩三氟甲烷磺酸鹽、1-(4-n-丁氧基萘-1-基)四氫噻吩九氟-n-丁烷磺酸鹽、1-(4-n-丁氧基萘-1-基)四氫噻吩全氟-n-辛烷磺酸鹽、1-(4-n-丁氧基萘-1-基)四氫噻吩2-雙環〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基-1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷磺酸鹽、1-(6-n-丁氧基萘-2-基)四氫噻吩三氟甲烷磺酸鹽、1-(6-n-丁氧基萘-2-基)四氫噻吩九氟-n-丁烷磺酸鹽、1-(6-n-丁氧基萘-2-基)四氫噻吩全氟-n-辛烷磺酸鹽、1-(6-n-丁氧基萘-2-基)四氫噻吩2-雙環〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基-1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷磺酸鹽、1-(3,5-二甲基-4-羥基苯基)四氫噻吩三氟甲烷磺酸鹽、1-(3,5-二甲基-4-羥基苯基)四氫噻吩九氟-n-丁烷磺酸鹽、1-(3,5-二甲基-4-羥基苯基)四氫噻吩全氟-n-辛烷磺酸鹽、1-(3,5-二甲基-4-羥基苯基)四氫噻吩2-雙環〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基-1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷磺酸鹽等。
作為碘鎓鹽,例如可舉出二苯基碘鎓三氟甲烷磺酸鹽、二苯基碘鎓九氟-n-丁烷磺酸鹽、二苯基碘鎓全氟-n-辛烷磺酸鹽、二苯基碘鎓2-雙環〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基-1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷磺酸鹽、雙(4-t-丁基苯基)碘鎓三氟甲
烷磺酸鹽、雙(4-t-丁基苯基)碘鎓九氟-n-丁烷磺酸鹽、雙(4-t-丁基苯基)碘鎓全氟-n-辛烷磺酸鹽、雙(4-t-丁基苯基)碘鎓2-雙環〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基-1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷磺酸鹽等。
作為銨鹽,例如可舉出蟻酸銨、馬來酸銨、富馬酸銨、鄰苯二甲酸銨、丙二酸銨、琥珀酸銨、酒石酸銨、蘋果酸銨、乳酸銨、檸檬酸銨、乙酸銨、丙酸銨、丁烷酸銨、戊烷酸銨、己烷酸銨、庚烷酸銨、辛烷酸銨、壬酸銨、癸烷酸銨、草酸銨、己二酸銨、癸二酸銨、酪酸銨、油酸銨、硬脂酸銨、亞油酸銨、亞麻油酸銨、水楊酸銨、苯磺酸銨、安息香酸銨、p-胺基安息香酸銨、p-甲苯磺酸銨、甲烷磺酸銨、三氟甲烷磺酸銨、三氟乙烷磺酸銨等。又,可舉出上述銨鹽之銨離子由甲基銨離子、二甲基銨離子、三甲基銨離子、四甲基銨離子、乙基銨離子、二乙基銨離子、三乙基銨離子、四乙基銨離子、丙基銨離子、二丙基銨離子、三丙基銨離子、四丙基銨離子、丁基銨離子、二丁基銨離子、三丁基銨離子、四丁基銨離子、三甲基乙基銨離子、二甲基二乙基銨離子、二甲基乙基丙基銨離子、甲基乙基丙基丁基銨離子、乙醇銨離子、二乙醇銨離子、三乙醇銨離子等所取代之銨鹽、1,8-二氮雜雙環〔5.4.0〕十一-7-烯蟻酸鹽、1,8-二氮雜雙環〔5.4.0〕十一-7-烯p-甲苯磺酸鹽等1,8-二氮雜雙環〔5.4.0〕十一-7-烯鹽、1,5-二氮雜雙環〔4.3.0〕-5-壬烷蟻酸鹽、1,5-二氮雜雙環〔4.3.0〕-5-壬烷p-甲苯磺酸鹽等1,5-二氮雜雙環
〔4.3.0〕-5-壬烷鹽等。
作為N-磺醯基氧醯亞胺化合物,例如可舉出N-(三氟甲磺醯氧基)雙環〔2.2.1〕庚-5-烯-2,3-二羧醯亞胺、N-(九氟-n-丁烷磺醯氧基)雙環〔2.2.1〕庚-5-烯-2,3-二羧醯亞胺、N-(全氟-n-辛烷磺醯氧基)雙環〔2.2.1〕庚-5-烯-2,3-二羧醯亞胺、N-(2-雙環〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基-1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷磺醯氧基)雙環〔2.2.1〕庚-5-烯-2,3-二羧醯亞胺等。
彼等〔C〕交聯促進劑中,以鎓鹽化合物為佳,以四氫噻吩鹽、碘鎓鹽、銨鹽為較佳,以1-(4-n-丁氧基萘-1-基)四氫噻吩三氟甲烷磺酸鹽、二苯基碘鎓三氟甲烷磺酸鹽、乙酸四甲基銨、1,8-二氮雜雙環〔5.4.0〕十一-7-烯p-甲苯磺酸鹽為更佳。
這些〔C〕交聯促進劑可單獨使用亦可併用2種以上。作為〔C〕交聯促進劑之含有量,對於〔A〕錯體100質量份而言,以0質量份以上10質量份以下為佳,以0.1質量份以上5質量份以下為較佳。將〔C〕交聯促進劑之含有量在上述範圍時,可進一步提高該無機膜形成組成物之光阻圖型形成性及蝕刻選擇性。
<其他任意成分>
該無機膜形成組成物於不損害本發明之效果的範圍下,可含有界面活性劑等其他任意成分。
〔界面活性劑〕
界面活性劑為顯示改良塗布性、條紋等作用之成分。作為界面活性劑,例如可舉出聚氧乙烯月桂醚、聚氧乙烯硬脂醚、聚氧乙烯油醚、聚氧乙烯n-辛基苯基醚、聚氧乙烯n-壬基苯基醚、聚乙二醇二月桂酸酯、聚乙二醇二硬脂酸酯等非離子系界面活性劑以外,亦可舉出作為以下商品名之KP341(信越化學工業公司)、POLYFLOWNo.75、同No.95(以上為共榮公司化學公司)、EftopEF301、同EF303、同EF352(以上為Tohkem Products公司)、MEGAFACE F171、同F173(以上為大日本墨水化學工業公司)、FloradFC430、同FC431(以上為住友3M公司)、Asahi GuardAG710、SurflonS-382、同SC-101、同SC-102、同SC-103、同SC-104、同SC-105、同SC-106(以上為旭硝子公司)等。
界面活性劑可單獨使用亦可併用2種以上。又,界面活性劑之配合量依據該目的可做適宜決定。
<多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物之調製方法>
該無機膜形成組成物,例如可將〔A〕錯體及〔B〕溶劑、以及視必要之〔C〕交聯促進劑及其他任意成分等以所定比率進行混合而調製。該無機膜形成組成物一般為溶解於該使用之溶劑後,例如以孔徑0.2μm程度之過濾器進行過濾而調製。
<圖型形成方法>
該圖型形成方法為具有以該多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物於基板上面側形成無機膜之步驟(以下亦稱為「無機膜形成步驟」)、於上述無機膜之上面側形成光阻圖型之步驟(以下亦稱為「光阻圖型形成步驟」)、及藉由將上述光阻圖型作為光罩的1或複數次乾蝕刻,於基板形成圖型之步驟(以下亦稱為「基板圖型形成步驟」)。
所謂該圖型形成方法,因使用上述該無機膜形成組成物,可發揮優良洗淨溶劑除去性之同時,可形成消光係數為低且光阻圖型形成性及蝕刻選擇性優良的無機膜。又,對於將光阻膜進行薄膜化之情況下,亦可抑制光阻圖型之消失、型崩壞、彎曲等而得到真實圖型轉印。因此,該圖型形成方法亦適用於要求更微細之加工尺寸的圖型形成。
又,對於該圖型形成方法進一步具有於基板上形成光阻下層膜之步驟(以下亦稱為「光阻下層膜形成步驟」),以上述無機膜形成步驟亦可將無機膜形成於上述光阻下層膜上而佳。
該無機膜形成組成物因具有對有機材料優良之蝕刻選擇性,故藉由將無機膜與有機膜之光阻下層膜依序進行乾蝕刻後光阻圖型之轉印成為可能。以下對於各步驟做說明。
〔無機膜形成步驟〕
本步驟中係以該無機膜形成組成物在基板上之上面側形成無機膜。作為上述基板,例如可舉出氧化矽、氮化矽、氧氮化矽、聚矽氧烷等絕緣膜以及販賣品之黑鑽石(AMAT公司)、蠶絲(陶氏化學公司)、LKD5109(JSR公司)等以低誘電體絕緣膜進行被覆之晶圓等層間絕緣膜。又,作為該基板,可使用配線溝(trench)、插頭溝(路徑)等經圖型化之基板。上述無機膜係可將該無機膜形成組成物塗布於基板表面而形成塗膜,藉由將該塗膜進行加熱處理或紫外光之照射及加熱處理使其硬化而形成。作為塗布該無機膜形成組成物之方法,例如可舉出旋塗法、輥式塗布法、浸漬法等。又,作為上述加熱處理之溫度,一般為150℃~500℃,較佳為180℃~350℃。作為上述加熱處理之時間,一般為30秒~1,200秒,較佳為45秒~600秒。上述紫外光之照射條件可配合該無機膜形成組成物之組成等做適宜選擇。作為所形成之無機膜的膜厚一般為5nm~50nm程度。
〔光阻下層膜形成步驟〕
又,於上述無機膜形成步驟之前,可具有使用光阻下層膜形成組成物,於基板上形成有機膜之光阻下層膜的步驟。作為光阻下層膜形成組成物,可使用過去公知者,例如可舉出NFC HM8005(JSR公司)等。上述光阻下層膜可藉由於基板上塗布光阻下層膜形成組成物而形成塗膜,可藉由將該塗膜進行加熱處理或紫外光之照射及加熱處理
後使其硬化而形成。作為塗布光阻下層膜形成組成物之方法,例如可舉出旋塗法、輥式塗布法、浸漬法等。又,作為上述加熱處理之溫度,一般為150℃~500℃,較佳為180℃~350℃。作為上述加熱處理之時間,一般為30秒~1,200秒,較佳為45秒~600秒。上述紫外光之照射條件可配合光阻下層膜形成組成物之組成等而適宜選擇。作為所形成之光阻下層膜的膜厚,一般為50nm~500nm程度。
又,於上述基板表面上,可形成與上述光阻下層膜相異的其他下層膜。該其他下層膜為賦予反射防止機能、塗布膜平坦性、CF4等對氟系氣體之高蝕刻耐性等之膜。作為其他下層膜,例如可使用NFC HM8005(JSR公司)等販賣品。
〔光阻圖型形成步驟〕
本步驟中,於上述形成之無機膜的上面側形成光阻圖型。作為形成該光阻圖型之方法,例如可舉出使用(A)光阻組成物之方法、藉由(B)奈米壓印微影法進行之方法等。以下對於各方法進行說明。
(使用(A)光阻組成物之方法)
使用本方法時,光阻圖型形成步驟為含有以光阻組成物於上述無機膜之上面側形成光阻膜之步驟(以下亦稱為「光阻膜形成步驟」)、曝光上述光阻膜之步驟(以下亦
稱為「曝光步驟」)、及顯像經上述曝光之光阻膜的步驟(以下亦稱為「顯像步驟」)。
以下對於各步驟做說明。
(光阻膜形成步驟)
本步驟中,以光阻組成物在上述無機膜之上面側形成光阻膜。作為上述光阻組成物,例如可舉出含有具有酸解離性基之聚合物與感放射線性酸產生劑之光阻組成物、含有鹼可溶性樹脂與醌二疊氮系感光劑之正型光阻組成物、含有鹼可溶性樹脂與交聯劑之負型光阻組成物等。作為如此光阻組成物,可使用販賣品之光阻組成物。作為光阻組成物之塗布方法,例如可藉由旋塗法等過去方法進行塗布。且,塗布光阻組成物時,塗布之光阻組成物的量調整至所得之光阻膜成為所望膜厚。
上述光阻膜為可藉由塗布上述光阻組成物,將形成之塗膜進行預烘烤(PB)等後,將塗膜中溶劑揮發後形成。作為PB之溫度,可配合所使用之光阻組成物的種類等做適宜調整,以30℃~200℃為佳,以50℃~150℃為較佳。作為PB之時間,一般為30秒~200秒,較佳為45秒~120秒。作為所形成之光阻膜的膜厚,一般為1nm~500nm,以10nm~300nm為佳。且,於該光阻膜表面可進一步設置其他膜。
(曝光步驟)
在本步驟中,將上述所形成之光阻膜進行曝光。該曝光為一般介著光罩,於光阻膜上選擇性地照射放射線而進行。作為使用於曝光之放射線,可配合使用於光阻組成物之酸產生劑的種類,例如可適當地選自可視光線、紫外線、遠紫外線、X線、γ線等電磁波;電子線、分子線、離子束等粒子線等,以遠紫外線為佳,以KrF準分子激光光(248nm)、ArF準分子激光光(193nm)、F2準分子激光光(波長157nm)、Kr2準分子激光光(波長147nm)、ArKr準分子激光光(波長134nm)、極紫外線(波長13nm等)為較佳。又,亦可採用液浸曝光法。此時,於光阻膜上使用液浸上層膜形成組成物可形成液浸上層膜。
於上述曝光後,欲提高光阻膜之解像度、圖型輪廓、顯像性等,進行後烘烤為佳。作為該後烘烤之溫度,可配合所使用之光阻組成物的種類等而做適宜調整,以50℃~180℃為佳,以70℃~150℃為較佳。作為後烘烤之時間,一般為30秒~200秒,較佳為45秒~120秒。
(顯像步驟)
在本步驟中,顯像經上述曝光之光阻膜。作為使用於顯像之顯像液,可配合所使用之光阻組成物的種類做適宜選擇。含有具有上述酸解離性基之聚合物與感放射線性酸產生劑之光阻組成物或含有鹼可溶性樹脂之正型光阻組成
物時,例如可舉出氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、碳酸鈉、矽酸鈉、偏矽酸鈉、氨、乙基胺、n-丙基胺、二乙基胺、二-n-丙基胺、三乙基胺、甲基二乙基胺、二甲基乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、四甲基銨氫氧化物(TMAH)、四乙基銨氫氧化物、吡咯、哌啶、咕啉、1,8-二氮雜雙環〔5.4.0〕-7-十一碳烯、1,5-二氮雜雙環〔4.3.0〕-5-壬烷等鹼性水溶液,可形成正型光阻圖型。彼等中以TMAH水溶液為佳。這些鹼性水溶液可添加適量水溶性有機溶劑,例如甲醇、乙醇等醇類或界面活性劑。又,含有具有上述酸解離性基之聚合物與感放射線性酸產生劑之光阻組成物時,作為上述顯像液可使用含有有機溶劑之液體,可形成負型光阻圖型。如此使用含有具有酸解離性基之聚合物的光阻組成物,因使用含有有機溶劑之顯像液時,可形成更微細之光阻圖型,進一步可形成更微細基板之圖型。作為上述有機溶劑,例如可舉出作為該無機膜形成組成物的〔B〕溶劑所例示之相同溶劑等。彼等中亦以酯系溶劑為佳,以乙酸丁酯為更佳。
又,負型化學增幅型光阻組成物、含有鹼可溶性樹脂之負型光阻組成物時,例如可舉出氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、碳酸鈉、矽酸鈉、偏矽酸鈉、氨水等無機鹼類、乙基胺、n-丙基胺等第一胺類、二乙基胺、二-n-丁基胺等第二胺類、三乙基胺、甲基二乙基胺等第三胺類、二甲基乙醇胺、三乙醇胺等醇胺類、四甲基銨氫氧化物、四乙基銨氫氧化物、咕啉等第四級銨鹽、吡咯、哌啶等環狀胺類
等鹼類之水溶液等。
(使用(B)奈米壓印微影法之方法)
使用本方法時,光阻圖型形成方法為具有藉由奈米壓印微影法使用光阻組成物,於上述無機膜上形成光阻圖型之步驟(以下亦稱為「藉由奈米壓印微影法之光阻圖型形成步驟」)。
以下對該步驟進行說明。
(藉由奈米壓印微影法之光阻圖型形成步驟)
本步驟中,藉由奈米壓印微影法使用光阻組成物在上述無機膜上形成光阻圖型。若要詳細敘述本步驟,其為含有於上述無機膜上形成圖型形成層之步驟(以下亦稱為「圖型形成層形成步驟」)、於表面將具有反轉圖型之模型表面進行疏水化處理之步驟(以下亦稱為「疏水化處理步驟」)、將經疏水化處理之上述模型表面壓接於圖型形成層之步驟(以下亦稱為「壓接步驟」)、將上述模型在壓接狀態下曝光圖型形成層之步驟(以下亦稱為「曝光步驟」)與將上述模型自經曝光之圖型形成層進行剝離之步驟(以下亦稱為「剝離步驟」)的方法。
以下對於各步驟進行說明。
(圖型形成層形成步驟)
本步驟中,於上述無機膜上形成圖型形成層。構成圖
型形成層之成分為奈米壓印用感放射線性組成物。於圖型形成層,除奈米壓印用感放射線性組成物以外亦可含有硬化促進劑等。作為硬化促進劑,例如為感放射線性硬化促進劑或熱硬化促進劑。彼等中亦以感放射線性硬化促進劑為佳。感放射線性硬化促進劑可藉由構成奈米壓印用感放射線性組成物之構成單位做適宜選擇,例如可舉出光酸產生劑、光鹼產生劑及光增感劑等。且感放射線性硬化促進劑可單獨使用亦可併用2種以上。
作為上述感放射線性組成物之塗布方法,例如可舉出噴墨法、浸漬塗布法、氣刀塗布法、簾式塗佈法、線棒塗布法、凹板塗布法、擠出塗布法、旋塗法、狹縫掃描法等。
(疏水化處理步驟)
本步驟中,於表面將具有反轉圖型之模型的表面進行疏水化處理。上述模型必須以光透過性材料所構成。作為該光透過性之材料,例如可舉出玻璃、石英、PMMA、聚碳酸酯樹脂等光透明性樹脂;透明金屬蒸著膜;聚二甲基矽氧烷等柔軟膜;光硬化膜;金屬膜等。
上述疏水化處理中,例如使用離型劑等。作為該離型劑,例如可舉出矽系離型劑、氟系離型劑、聚乙烯系離型劑、聚丙烯系離型劑、石蠟系離型劑、蒙坦系離型劑、巴西棕櫚系離型劑等。且,離型劑可單獨或併用2種以上。彼等中以矽系離型劑為佳。作為該矽系離型劑,
例如可舉出聚二甲基矽氧烷、丙烯酸系接枝聚合物、丙烯酸系氧烷、芳基矽氧烷等。
(壓接步驟)
本步驟中,將經疏水化處理之上述模型表面壓接於圖型形成層。於圖型形成層壓接具有凹凸圖型之模型後,於圖型形成層中形成模型凹凸圖型。作為壓接模型時的壓力,一般為0.1MPa~100MPa,以0.1MPa~50MPa為佳,以0.1MPa~30MPa為較佳。作為壓接時間,一般為1秒~600秒,以1秒~300秒為佳,以1秒~180秒為較佳。
(曝光步驟)
本步驟中,在將上述模型進行壓接之狀態下曝光圖型形成層。藉由曝光圖型形成層,可自奈米壓印用感放射線性組成物所含有之光聚合引發劑產生自由基。藉此,由奈米壓印用感放射線性組成物所成的圖型形成層在模型的凹凸圖型經轉印之狀態下進行硬化。藉由凹凸圖型經轉印下,例如可作為LSI、系統LSI、DRAM、SDRAM、RDRAM、D-RDRAM等半導體元件的層間絕緣膜用膜、半導體元件製造時中之光阻膜等而利用。
又,圖型形成層具有熱硬化性時,可進一步進行加熱硬化。進行熱硬化時,加熱環境及加熱溫度等雖無特別限定,例如可在惰性環境下或減壓下進行40℃~
200℃之加熱。加熱可使用加熱板、烤箱、熔爐等進行。
(剝離步驟)
本步驟中,將上述模型自經曝光之圖型形成層剝離。作為剝離方法,雖無特別限定,例如固定基材,將模型自基材移動至遠處而剝離,亦可固定模型,將基材自模型移動至遠處而剝離,亦可將此等雙方往反方向拉身剝離。
〔基板圖型形成步驟〕
本步驟中,藉由將上述光阻圖型作為光罩之1或複數次乾蝕刻,於基板形成圖型。且形成上述光阻下層膜時,將上述光阻圖型作為光罩,將無機膜、光阻下層膜及被加工基板依序進行乾蝕刻後形成圖型。乾蝕刻可使用公知乾蝕刻裝置進行。又,作為乾蝕刻時之來源氣體,可依被蝕刻物之元素組成而不同,但可使用含有O2、CO、CO2等氧原子之氣體、He、N2、Ar等惰性氣體、Cl2、BCl3等氯系氣體、CHF3、CF4等氟系氣體、H2、NH3的氣體等。且彼等氣體亦可經混合後使用。
以下將本發明藉由實施例做更具體說明,但本發明並未受到這些實施例之限定。本實施例中之物性值的測定方法如以下所示。
〔數平均分子量〕
〔A〕錯體之Mn使用GPC管柱(SHODEX A-80M(長度50cm)、昭和電工公司),藉由以下條件以凝膠滲透色譜法進行測定。
裝置:高溫高速凝膠滲透色譜法(型號1500-C、ALC/GPC、Waters公司)
管柱溫度:40℃
溶離溶劑:四氫呋喃(和光純藥工業公司)
流速:1.0mL/分鐘
試料濃度:0.1g/10mL
檢出器:差示折射計
標準物質:標準聚苯乙烯(Pressure Chemical公司)
〔固體成分濃度〕
於秤重鋁盤(A〔g〕)放入測定固體成分濃度之溶液1.00g,將鋁盤使用200℃之加熱板在1小時大氣下進行加熱後,冷卻至室溫後,再次秤重(B〔g〕),由求得之A及B的質量算出(B-A)*100(%)而求得固體成分濃度。
<〔A〕錯體之合成>
使用於〔A〕錯體之合成的化合物如以下所示。
M-1:釔(III)異丙氧化物
M-2:鈦(IV)異丙氧化物
M-3:鈦(IV)丁氧化物寡聚物4量體(〔TiO(OBu)2〕4)
M-4:鋯(IV)丁氧化物
M-5:鉿(IV)乙氧化物
M-6:鉭(V)乙氧化物
M-7:鎢(VI)甲氧化物
M-8:肆(t-丁氧基)(氧代)鎢(VI)(WO(OBu-t)4)
M-9:鹽化鋁(III)
M-10:甲基三甲氧基矽烷
M-11:鈦(IV)丁氧化物寡聚物10量體(〔TiO(OBu)2〕10)
M-12:鋯.二n-丁氧化物.雙(2,4-戊二酮)(60質量%濃度.丁醇溶液)
M-13:鈦.二異丙氧化物.雙(乙基乙醯乙酸鹽)
M-14:四甲基正矽酸鹽
〔合成例1〕
混合上述化合物(M-1)26.6g及四氫呋喃(THF)100g,在25℃進行10分鐘攪拌後,加入1,4-苯二甲醇20.7g,升溫至60℃,進行4小時加熱攪拌。反應終了後,冷卻至室溫,加入乙醯基丙酮(AcAc)10.0g與丙二醇單甲醚(PGME)200g後,將低沸點物以蒸發器除去,
得到固體成分濃度為10.0質量%的錯體(A-1)之溶液。錯體(A-1)的Mn為3,500。
〔合成例2〕
混合上述化合物(M-2)28.4g及四氫呋喃(THF)100g,在25℃進行10分鐘攪拌後,混合丙二醇15.2g,升溫至60℃,進行4小時加熱攪拌。反應終了後,冷卻至室溫,添加乙醯乙酸乙酯(EAcAc)13.1g與丙二醇單乙基醚(PGEE)200g後,將低沸點物以蒸發器除去,得到固體成分濃度為10.0質量%的錯體(A-2)之溶液。錯體(A-2)的Mn為4,600。
〔合成例3〕
混合上述化合物(M-3)9.7g及丁醇(BuOH)50g,在25℃進行10分鐘攪拌後,混合馬來酸17.4g,在25℃進行4小時加熱攪拌。添加乳酸乙酯(EL)200g後,將低沸點物以蒸發器除去,得到固體成分濃度為10.0質量%的錯體(A-3)之溶液。錯體(A-3)的Mn為2,300。
〔比較合成例1〕
不使用馬來酸以外,進行與合成例3之同樣操作下得到固體成分濃度為10質量%的錯體(a-3)之溶液。錯體(a-3)的Mn為1,100。
〔合成例4〕
混合上述化合物(M-4)38.3g及丙二醇單甲醚(PGME)50g,在25℃進行10分鐘攪拌後,混合甘油9.2g,在100℃進行4小時加熱攪拌。反應終了後,冷卻至室溫,添加1,3-丙酮二羧酸二乙基20.2g及γ-丁內酯(GBL)200g後,將低沸點物以蒸發器除去,得到固體成分濃度為10.0質量%的錯體(A-4)之溶液。錯體(A-4)的Mn為7,900。
〔合成例5〕
混合上述化合物(M-5)35.9g及四氫呋喃(THF)1,000g,在25℃進行10分鐘攪拌後,混合六伸甲基二異氰酸酯33.4g,在40℃進行4小時加熱攪拌。反應終了後,冷卻至室溫,添加乙醯基丙酮(AcAc)5.0g與丙二醇單乙基醚(PGEE)200g後,將低沸點物以蒸發器除去,得到固體成分濃度為10.0質量%的錯體(A-5)之溶液。錯體(A-5)的Mn為6,100。
〔合成例6〕
混合上述化合物(M-6)10.0g及四氫呋喃(THF)100g,在25℃進行10分鐘攪拌後,混合二乙二醇6.5g,在60℃進行4小時加熱攪拌。反應終了後,冷卻至室溫,將溶劑一次全部以蒸發器除去,乾燥不揮發成分。其後添加乳酸乙酯(EL),得到固體成分濃度為10.0質量
%的錯體(A-6)之溶液。錯體(A-6)的Mn為2,900。
〔比較合成例2〕
不使用二乙二醇以外,進行與合成例6之同樣操作,得到固體成分濃度為10質量%的錯體(a-2)之溶液。錯體(a-2)的Mn為450。
〔合成例7〕
混合上述化合物(M-7)3.7g及丁醇(BuOH)75g,在25℃進行10分鐘攪拌後,混合琥珀酸3.5g,在100℃進行12小時加熱攪拌。反應終了後,冷卻至室溫後,加入乙醯乙酸乙酯(EAcAc)0.6g並進行10分攪拌後,將低沸點物以蒸發器除去,得到固體成分濃度為10.0質量%的錯體(A-7)之溶液(S-7)。錯體(A-7)的Mn為8,000。
〔合成例8〕
混合上述化合物(M-8)3.0g及四氫呋喃(THF)27g,其次加入乙醯基丙酮(AcAc)0.6g,在25℃進行10分鐘攪拌後,加入丁醇(BuOH)60g,進一步在25℃進行10分鐘攪拌。其次混合二乙二醇1.0g,在25℃進行5小時攪拌。反應終了後將低沸點物以蒸發器除去,得到固體成分濃度為10.0質量%的錯體(A-8)之溶液。錯體(A-8)的Mn為1,200。
〔比較合成例3〕
不使用乙醯基丙酮以外,進行與合成例8之同樣操作,得到固體成分濃度10質量%的錯體(a-3)之溶液。錯體(a-3)的Mn為900。
〔合成例9〕
混合上述化合物(M-9)1.3g及甲苯50g,其次加入N,N-二甲基乙二胺0.9g,在25℃進行10分鐘攪拌後,在60℃進行5小時攪拌。反應終了後加入乙醯乙酸乙酯(EAcAc)0.6g與乙酸丙二醇單甲醚(PGMEA)200g後,將低沸點物以蒸發器除去,得到固體成分濃度為10.0質量%的錯體(A-9)之溶液。錯體(A-9)的Mn為4,700。
〔比較合成例4〕
混合上述化合物(M-10)13.6g及四氫呋喃(THF)100g,在25℃進行10分鐘攪拌後,混合二乙二醇15.9g,升溫至60℃,進行4小時加熱攪拌。反應終了後,冷卻至室溫,添加乙醯基丙酮(AcAc)10.0g與丙二醇單甲醚(PGME)200g後,將低沸點物以蒸發器除去,得到固體成分濃度為10.0質量%的錯體(a-4)之溶液。錯體(a-4)的Mn為2,500。
〔比較合成例5〕
將上述化合物(M-11)15.0g溶解於丙二醇單甲醚(PGME)15.0g。於該溶液中,加入於15.0g之PGME溶解19.52g之乙醯乙酸乙酯(EAcAc)的溶液,並在室溫進行4小時攪拌。其次,於該混合物中加入三羥甲基丙烷乙氧化物1.5g後,將混合物進行1小時攪拌。其次加入PGME,得到固體成分濃度為10.0質量%的錯體(a-5)之溶液。錯體(a-5)的Mn為5,100。
〔比較合成例6〕
將上述化合物(M-12)16.67g溶解於丙二醇單丙基醚(PGPE)99.59g。於該溶液中加入0.41g之水後,在室溫進行24小時攪拌。其次,於該反應液中加入2.5g之2-氰基-3-(4-羥基苯基)-丙烯酸乙基醚(CHAE),進行1小時攪拌。其後添加PGPE,得到固體成分濃度為10.0質量%的錯體(a-6)之溶液。錯體(a-6)的Mn為3,100。
〔比較合成例7〕
將上述化合物(M-13)10.00g及化合物(M-14)1.23g溶解於丙二醇單丙基醚(PGPE)112.30g。其次,於該溶液中加入0.64g之水,在室溫進行24小時攪拌。其次於該反應液中加入6.2g之香蘭素,進行1小時攪拌準備反射防止調合劑。其次,添加PGPE,得到固體成分濃度為10.0質量%的錯體(a-7)之溶液。錯體(a-7)的
Mn為4,500。
在上述合成例及比較合成例使用的金屬化合物、賦予交聯配位子(a)之化合物、及賦予配位子(b)之化合物、以及無機膜形成組成物之調製所使用的〔B〕溶劑如下述表1所示。且表1支賦予配位子(b)之化合物的使用量欄中之「溶劑」表示賦予配位子(b)之化合物亦可作為〔B〕溶劑使用。
<多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物之調製>
使用於無機膜形成組成物之調製的〔C〕交聯促進劑如以下所示。
〔〔C〕交聯促進劑〕
C-1:二苯基碘鎓三氟甲烷磺酸鹽
C-2:1-(4-n-丁氧基萘-1-基)四氫噻吩三氟甲烷磺酸鹽
C-3:乙酸四甲基銨
C-4:1,8-二氮雜雙環〔5.4.0〕十一-7-烯p-甲苯磺酸鹽
〔實施例1〕
於上述所得之錯體(A-1)之溶液100.0質量份(固體成分量10.0質量份)中添加交聯促進劑(C-1)0.38質量份後,將所得之溶液以孔徑0.2μm之過濾器進行過濾,調製出多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物(J-1)。
〔實施例2~9及比較例1~7〕
使用表2所示種類之〔A〕成分的溶液100.0質量份(固體成分量10.0質量份),視必要使用表2所示種類及量之〔C〕交聯促進劑以外,進行與實施例1同樣操作,調製出多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物(J-2)~
(J-9)及(CJ-1)~(CJ-7)。且「-」表示無使用該成分。
<評估>
對於上述調製之多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物,依據下述方法進行評估。評估結果與表2合併表示。
〔洗淨溶劑除去性〕
於作為基板之矽晶圓上,滴入各無機膜形成組成物,其後以1,000rpm轉動30秒基板,形成塗膜(未加熱膜)。將該塗膜之一部分於作為洗淨基板之端部及裏面的洗淨溶劑的γ-丁內酯中浸漬1分鐘後,以氣槍進行乾燥。將此時的未加熱膜除去程度以以下指標進行評估。
A:以目視確認到膜完全被除去
B:以目視確認到膜的一部分未被除去
C:以目視確認到膜完全未被溶解
〔無機膜之消光係數〕
於作為基板之矽晶圓上,將各無機膜形成組成物藉由旋轉塗佈機進行塗布,在250℃之加熱板上藉由60秒燒成,形成膜厚20nm之無機膜。將該無機膜之消光係數以橢圓儀(SL-200、Rudolph Technologies公司)進行測定。消光係數之測定值如表2所示。
〔光阻圖型形成性〕
(光阻組成物-鹼顯像之情況)
於作為基板之矽晶圓上,將光阻下層膜形成組成物(NFC HM8005、JSR公司)藉由旋轉塗佈機進行塗布,在250℃之加熱板上藉由60秒乾燥,形成膜厚300nm之光阻下層膜。於所形成之光阻下層膜上將各無機膜形成組成物藉由旋轉塗佈機進行塗布,在250℃之加熱板上,藉由進行60秒燒成後形成膜厚20nm之無機膜。於所形成之無機膜上塗布光阻組成物(ARX2014J、JSR公司),在90℃使其60秒乾燥後形成膜厚100nm之光阻膜。於所形成之光阻膜上,塗布液浸上層膜形成組成物(NFC TCX091-7、JSR公司),在90℃使其60秒乾燥後形成膜厚30nm之液浸上層膜。其次介著所形成之線與間距的寬度同時為50nm之線與間距圖型形成用光罩,使用ArF準分子激光照射裝置(S610C、Nikon公司),藉由液浸曝光法以16mJ/cm2的曝光量進行曝光後,將含有光阻膜之基板在115℃進行60秒加熱。其次,將2.38質量%四甲基銨氫氧化物水溶液作為顯像液使用進行30秒顯像,形成50nm之1L/1S光阻圖型。將所形成之光阻圖型以掃描型電子顯微鏡(Hitachi High-Technologies公司)進行觀察,對於50nm之線與間距的圖型,當光阻圖型之底部形狀未成為下擺較廣的形狀時,將光阻圖型形成性評估為「A(良好)」,成為下擺較廣的形狀時評估為「B(不良)」。將所形成之光阻圖型作為光罩,對於無機膜及基
板使用乾蝕刻裝置(Telius SCCM、東京電子公司),依序進行蝕刻後進行圖型轉印。
(光阻組成物-有機溶劑顯像之情況)
於作為基板之矽晶圓上,將光阻下層膜形成組成物(NFC HM8005、JSR公司)藉由旋轉塗佈機進行塗布,在250℃之加熱板上使其進行60秒乾燥後,形成膜厚300nm之光阻下層膜。於所形成之光阻下層膜上將各無機膜形成組成物藉由旋轉塗佈機進行塗布,在250℃之加熱板上藉由60秒燒成後形成膜厚20nm之無機膜。於所形成之無機膜上塗布光阻組成物(ARX2014J、JSR公司),在90℃進行60秒乾燥後形成膜厚100nm之光阻膜。於所形成之光阻膜上塗布液浸上層膜形成組成物(NFC TCX091-7、JSR公司),在90℃進行60秒乾燥後形成膜厚30nm之液浸上層膜。其次介著所形成之線與間距的寬度皆為40nm之線與間距圖型形成用的光罩,使用ArF準分子激光照射裝置(S610C、Nikon公司),藉由液浸曝光法以16mJ/cm2的曝光量進行曝光後,將含有光阻膜之基板以115℃進行60秒加熱。其次,將乙酸丁酯作為顯像液進行30秒槳顯像,以甲基異丁基甲醇(MIBC)沖洗。藉由2,000rpm且15秒之振動旋轉乾燥,形成40nm之1L/1S光阻圖型。將所形成之光阻圖型以掃描型電子顯微鏡(Hitachi High-Technologies公司)進行觀察,對於40nm之線與間距的圖型,光阻圖型之底
部形狀未成為下擺較廣的形狀時,將光阻圖型形成性評估為「A(良好)」,若成為下擺較廣的形狀時評估為「B(不良)」。將所形成之光阻圖型作為光罩,對於無機膜及基板使用乾蝕刻裝置(Telius SCCM、東京電子公司)依序進行乾蝕刻下進行圖型轉印。
(奈米壓印微影法之情況)
於作為基板之矽晶圓上,將光阻下層膜形成組成物(NFC HM8005、JSR公司)藉由旋轉塗佈機進行塗布,藉由在250℃之加熱板上進行60秒乾燥後形成膜厚300nm之光阻下層膜。於所形成之光阻下層膜上將各無機膜形成組成物藉由旋轉塗佈機進行塗布,在250℃之加熱板上進行60秒燒成後形成膜厚20nm之無機膜。於所形成之無機膜上將UV硬化性組成物於基板中心滴入約50μL,設置於簡易打印裝置(EUN-4200、Engineering系統公司)之作業階段。另一方面,將離型劑(HD-1100Z、大金化成公司)以所定方法預先塗布之石英模板(NIM-PH350、NTT-ATN公司),將矽橡膠(厚度0.2mm)作為接著層,貼合於上述簡易打印裝置之石英製曝光頭部。其次將上述簡易打印裝置之壓力設定為0.2MPa後,下降曝光頭部,將所形成之線與間距的寬度皆為50nm之線與間距圖型形成用的模板與基板,介著奈米壓印用光硬化性組成物進行密著後,實施15秒的UV曝光。於15秒後上升曝光階段,自模板經硬化之被形狀
轉印層進行剝離後,形成圖型。將所形成之光阻圖型以掃描型電子顯微鏡(Hitachi High-Technologies公司)進行觀察,對於50nm之1L/1S圖型,對於光阻圖型無缺欠,且為矩形時判斷光阻圖型形成性為「A(良好)」,圖型有損失時判斷為「B(不良)」。
〔蝕刻選擇性〕
使用上述蝕刻裝置,將上述無機膜以以下2種方法進行蝕刻,並評估蝕刻選擇性。
(1)將上述光阻下層膜(NFC HM8005)以每分200nm的速度進行蝕刻之條件
(2)將二氧化矽膜以每分100nm的速度進行蝕刻之條件
蝕刻選擇性對於此等各蝕刻條件,當無機膜中之初期膜厚與蝕刻後之膜厚差未達2nm時評估為「S(非常良好)」,上述差在2nm以上未達5nm時評估為「A(良好)」,上述差為5nm以上時評估為「B(不良)」。當蝕刻選擇性評估為非常良好或良好時,由無機膜形成組成物所形成之無機膜的各膜可作為加工時的光罩膜而具有良好功能。
由表2所示結果可得知實施例之無機膜形成組成物即使為塗布轉動乾燥後之無機膜,對於基板端部.裏面洗淨用之溶劑的溶解性為良好,烘烤後之消光係數為低,且具有優良蝕刻選擇性,又所形成之光阻圖型的形成性優良。
本發明可提供即使為塗布轉動乾燥後之無機膜,其對於基板端部.裏面洗淨用之溶劑的溶解性為良好,又烘烤後之消光係數為低,且光阻圖型形成性及蝕刻選擇性亦優良的多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物、以及圖型形成方法。因此,對於使用該無機膜形成組成物之多層光阻製程,欲除去塗布轉動後之基板上中的膜之部位經有機溶劑除去性能優良,即使將有機膜進行薄膜化時,亦可抑制光阻圖型之消失、型崩壞、彎曲等,使真實圖型轉印成為可能。因此,本發明極可適用於今後必須進一步進行微細化之LSI製造,特別為微細接觸孔等形成上。
Claims (16)
- 一種多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物,其特徵為含有以下錯體,該錯體為,具有複數金屬原子、交聯配位子與來自選自羥基酸酯、β-二酮(但不含2,4-戊二酮及2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-戊二酮)、β-酮酯(但不含乙醯乙酸乙酯)及β-二羧酸酯所成群之至少1種化合物的配位子(b),上述交聯配位子含有來自下述式(1)所示化合物的交聯配位子(a),其中上述交聯配位子(a)對於交聯配位子全體之含有率為50莫耳%以上者;
- 如請求項1之多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物,其中上述交聯配位子配位成如交聯上述金屬原子。
- 如請求項1之多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物,其中上述金屬原子為選自第3族元素、第4族元素、第5族元素、第6族元素及第13族元素所成群之至少1種者,該金屬原子之含有率對於上述錯體所含之金屬原子及半金屬原子的合計而言為50莫耳%以上。
- 如請求項1之多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物,其中上述交聯配位子(a)及配位子(b)為佔有上述金屬 原子的配位座中之50%以上。
- 如請求項1之多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物,其中上述錯體之數平均分子量為300以上10,000以下。
- 如請求項1之多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物,其中對於上述配位子(b)的上述金屬原子之含有量為10莫耳%以上。
- 如請求項1之多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物,其中進一步含有溶劑,上述溶劑含有選自碳數4以上的1價脂肪族醇、碳數4以上的烷二醇單烷基醚、碳數4以上的羥基酸酯、碳數4以上的內酯及碳數6以上的烷二醇單烷基醚的單羧酸酯所成群之至少1種。
- 如請求項1之多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物,其中進一步含有交聯促進劑。
- 一種多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物,其特徵為含有以下所成生成物,該生成物係由含有2以上的烷氧基配位子之金屬化合物、下述式(1)所示化合物與選自羥基酸酯、β-二酮(但不含2,4-戊二酮及2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-戊二酮)、β-酮酯(但不含乙醯乙酸乙酯)及β-二羧酸酯所成群之至少1種化合物進行反應所得之生成物;
- 如請求項9之多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物,其中上述反應係在對於上述金屬化合物為50莫耳%以下之水存在下進行。
- 如請求項9之多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物,其中對於上述反應生成物,上述金屬化合物所具有的烷氧基配位子之50莫耳%以上被取代。
- 一種圖型形成方法,其特徵為具有於基板之上面側形成無機膜之步驟、於上述無機膜之上面側形成光阻圖型之步驟、及藉由將上述光阻圖型作為光罩之1或複數次乾蝕刻,於基板形成圖型之步驟;上述無機膜係由如請求項1之多層光阻製程用無機膜形成組成物所形成者。
- 如請求項12之圖型形成方法,其中進一步含有於基板上形成光阻下層膜之步驟,在上述無機膜形成步驟將無機膜形成於上述光阻下層膜上。
- 如請求項12之圖型形成方法,其中上述光阻圖型形成步驟為含有以光阻組成物在上述無機膜之上面側形成光阻膜之步驟、將上述光阻膜進行曝光之步驟、及將上述經曝光之光阻膜進行顯像之步驟。
- 如請求項14之圖型形成方法,其中上述光阻組成物為含有具有酸解離性基之聚合物,在上述顯像步驟所使用的顯像液為含有有機溶劑,形成負型光阻圖型。
- 如請求項12之圖型形成方法,其中上述光阻圖型形成步驟係藉由奈米壓印微影法進行。
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