TWI615270B - 膜或薄膜之製造方法 - Google Patents

膜或薄膜之製造方法 Download PDF

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TWI615270B
TWI615270B TW103117212A TW103117212A TWI615270B TW I615270 B TWI615270 B TW I615270B TW 103117212 A TW103117212 A TW 103117212A TW 103117212 A TW103117212 A TW 103117212A TW I615270 B TWI615270 B TW I615270B
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film
surrounding environment
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tape
solvent
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卡爾 摩根畢瑟
漢斯 法蘭屈
麥可 波斯柴克
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百德福鋼帶公司
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C41/00Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C41/24Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of indefinite length
    • B29C41/28Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of indefinite length by depositing flowable material on an endless belt
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/0288Controlling heating or curing of polymers during moulding, e.g. by measuring temperatures or properties of the polymer and regulating the process
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C41/00Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C41/34Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C41/42Removing articles from moulds, cores or other substrates
    • B29C41/44Articles of indefinite length
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C41/00Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C41/34Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C41/46Heating or cooling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C41/00Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C41/34Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C41/52Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29DPRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D7/00Producing flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29DPRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D7/00Producing flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
    • B29D7/01Films or sheets
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/3563Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing solids; Preparation of samples therefor
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/86Investigating moving sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/0277Apparatus with continuous transport of the material to be cured
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/0058Liquid or visquous
    • B29K2105/0073Solution
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2007/00Flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N2021/3595Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using FTIR
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
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    • G01N21/8422Investigating thin films, e.g. matrix isolation method

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Description

膜或薄膜之製造方法
本發明係有關於一種膜或薄膜之製造方法,包括下列步驟:a)施覆至少一用以製造該膜或該薄膜之材料於一運動帶子上,b)至少部分硬化及/或部分乾燥該材料。
本發明另亦關於一種用於製造膜或薄膜之裝置,其中該裝置具有一表面閉合之帶子,特別是一在至少一轉向滾筒與一驅動滾筒間環行之環帶。
前述類型之方法或裝置用於製造膜或薄膜,例如應用於製藥工業之聚乙烯醇膜(PVOH膜)或用於製造LCD螢幕之三醋酸酯薄膜(TAC薄膜)。其中,一作為加工帶用以塗覆及運送薄膜之環帶在驅動滾筒與轉向滾筒間環行,且該帶子夾緊於兩滾筒間。習知解決方案係將液態起始材料澆注於帶子上。該材料而後可於帶子表面形成均勻薄膜,此後可再對該薄膜作進一步處理如乾燥、延展、切割等。便於理解起見,術語“薄膜”在下文中亦指代膜及可延展或不可延展、彈性或非彈性固體物質之任何一種平面特別是板狀或帶狀的單層或多層結構。
為達到較高之生產速度,薄膜被剝離帶子時大多仍處於潮濕狀態。於溶劑基薄膜而言,“潮濕”與薄膜內仍含有的溶劑含量有關。舉例而論,薄膜完全乾燥後其溶劑含量為零。然而,習知解決方案無法 在將薄膜剝離帶子之前測定溶劑含量。此為一嚴重缺憾,因為溶劑基薄膜之溶劑含量乃是一用來表徵已剝離薄膜品質之重要參數。習知解決方案更無法在生產過程中不中斷生產而能量測處理參數之變化。
有鑒於此,本發明之目的在於克服前述缺憾。
就前述類型的方法而言,本發明用以達成該目的之解決方案為:在實施步驟b)期間,採用至少一非侵入性光譜法偵測該材料之特性及/或該帶子之明確周圍環境的熱狀態變數。
本發明之解決方案便於在整個生產過程中透過對薄膜材料作光譜分析而精確偵測該材料之特性,例如其硬化程度及/或乾燥程度及/或厚度及/或溶劑含量,及其他處理參數如溫度與壓力等,而不必因量測而介入製造過程或對製造過程產生不良影響。
實踐結果表明,在步驟b)中採用紅外線吸收法作為光譜法,此舉特別有益。紅外線光譜法在本發明範圍內特別適用,但亦可採用其他光譜法如拉曼光譜法。
根據本發明之一方案,依據藉該光譜法所偵測之一光譜可為該材料及/或該帶子之明確周圍環境之狀態變數的至少一參數測定至少一實際值並將該實際值與至少一標稱值比較。
根據本發明之一改良方案,根據該實際值與該標稱值之偏差可操縱一調節元件改變該帶子之明確周圍環境的至少一狀態變數或該帶子之輸送速度。
根據本發明之一較佳方案,該膜或該薄膜為一溶劑基薄膜或溶劑基膜,其中該溶劑蒸發能取得乾燥及/或硬化該材料之效果,且在步驟b)中於至少一預定量測位置上偵測該材料之現時溶劑含量。
根據本發明之一有益實施方式,在第一位置上將該材料澆注於該帶子上,在第二位置上將至少部分硬化及/或乾燥之該材料剝離該 帶子,將該第一與第二位置間之距離劃分成大小相同或不同之數段,並且在每段中皆以可規定之時間間隔偵測該材料及/或該帶子之明確周圍環境之狀態變數的參數。本發明此一方案能密切監控薄膜形成過程且能精確定位可能出現之干擾狀況。
根據本發明之一較佳方案,可為一光譜中各波長或波長範圍之強度值分配該材料及/或該帶子之明確周圍環境之狀態變數的參數值。
該材料之該至少一參數較佳為該材料之厚度及/或該材料之溶劑含量。
該帶子之明確周圍環境的該至少一測定狀態變數可為該明確周圍環境內的大氣壓力及/或溫度。
就前述類型的裝置而言,本發明用以達成前述目的之解決方案為:該裝置包括至少一譜儀,較佳光譜儀,該譜儀連接該裝置之一控制器。
為使本發明更明顯易懂,下面結合圖式詳細闡述本發明。
1‧‧‧裝置
2‧‧‧轉向滾筒
3‧‧‧驅動滾筒
4‧‧‧帶子
5‧‧‧譜儀
6‧‧‧控制器
7‧‧‧薄膜
8‧‧‧材料
9‧‧‧調節元件
10‧‧‧光源
11‧‧‧光譜
I1、I11、I12、I1i‧‧‧強度值
I2、I21、I22、I2i‧‧‧強度值
k1、k12、k1i‧‧‧波數
k2、k22、k2i‧‧‧波數
L1、L11、L12、L1i‧‧‧溶劑含量
L2、L21、L22、L2i‧‧‧溶劑含量
T1、T11、T12、T1i‧‧‧溫度
T2、T21、T22、T2i‧‧‧溫度
圖1為本發明裝置之簡化示意圖;圖2為一紅外線光譜;圖3為被分配給不同波長強度值之材料參數及狀態變數值的第一表格;圖4為被分配給不同波長強度值之材料參數及狀態變數值的第二表格。
首先需說明,在不同實施方式中,相同部件標註相同符號及相同部件名稱,說明書所包含之全部揭露內容酌情適用於具有相同符號或相同部件名稱之相同部件。說明書所選用之方位描述如上、下、側 面等與相關圖式有關,方位變化時酌情適用於新方位。此外,被圖示及被說明之不同實施例所包含的單項特徵或特徵組合形成獨立解決方案、創新解決方案或根據本發明之解決方案。
參照圖1所示,本發明之裝置1可具有帶子4,其在轉向滾筒2與驅動滾筒3間環行且被構造成環帶。但本發明不限於使用環帶,而是亦可使用例如末端不相連的帶子4,即展開後複又於一端捲起之帶子。
裝置1包括一或數個連接裝置1之控制器6的譜儀5,較佳光譜儀。在此需指出,本發明範圍內亦可僅使用一個譜儀5。即便下文有提及複數個譜儀之處,有關偵測譜之量測與評價的技術原理亦酌情適用於僅使用一個譜儀5之情形。控制器6可連接調節元件9,藉該調節元件可調節諸如帶子4上方特定區域之溫度或帶子4之運行速度等處理參數。因此,調節元件9可例如是作用於該驅動滾筒之制動器或一加熱裝置等等。
裝置1用於製造薄膜7。此薄膜可為溶劑基薄膜,例如所謂的TAC薄膜、PVOH薄膜等。舉例而論,TAC薄膜可以二氯甲烷為溶劑,PVOH薄膜可以水為溶劑。
本發明的方法係施覆液態材料8於運動帶子4上以製造薄膜7。可以澆注(例如簾式塗佈)、擠壓、噴塗等方式施覆材料8。已澆注材料8在帶子4上形成一薄膜狀層並在帶子4上接受能至少部分乾燥及/或硬化材料8之處理。
利用譜儀5實施非侵入性光譜法,藉此可偵測材料8之特性及/或帶子4之明確周圍環境的熱狀態變數。帶子4之明確周圍環境例如可透過相關譜儀5到帶子4表面之距離加以確定。
該光譜法較佳為紅外線吸收法。實踐結果表明,近紅外區傅立葉變換紅外線光譜法在本發明範圍內特別有益。此類方法簡稱為 FTNIR光譜法。其使用傅立葉變換紅外線譜儀(FTIR譜儀)作為譜儀5。
用來自近紅外區之光波長照射材料8,並利用譜儀5在裝置1之不同位置上以習知方式量測相應之吸收譜。若在帶子4上方量測,則可在帶子4上方設置激勵光源,或者亦可按具體結構將此激勵光源整合於相關譜儀5內。發射光線穿過材料8,透射部分在較佳被構造成表面閉合之金屬帶的帶子4表面發生反射。一部分光線被材料8吸收。入射光線及反射光線之方向在圖1中用箭頭標示。圖2所示之光譜11乃是關於射入相關譜儀5之光線的NIR吸收譜,此光線被帶子4表面反射並朝相應之譜儀5方向穿過材料8。若在材料8已成為已剝離薄膜7之區域內而非在(反射型)帶子表面上方進行量測,則須在譜儀5對面設置光源10。其中薄膜7在光源10與譜儀5間運行。
圖2係以波數k為橫座標、強度為縱座標之光譜圖。光譜11中包含有能闡釋特定材料參數如材料之溶劑含量的特性波數k1、k2。特性波數k1、k2在此位於例如所用溶劑具有較高吸收之區域。
如圖3及圖4中的表格所示,可為光譜11中各特性波長或波長範圍之不同強度值I1、I11、I12、I1i、I2、I21、I22、I2i分配該材料及/或帶子4之明確周圍環境之狀態變數的參數值。
藉由將關於特定波數k1、k12、k1i、k2、k22、k2i之測得強度值直接分配給一具體參數值或溫度值,可實現在特定處理位置上對單個材料參數或例如處理溫度T1、T11、T12、T1i、T2、T21、T22、T2i之分配。舉例而論,藉由稱量薄膜可量測材料8之現時溶劑含量L1、L11、L12、L1i、L2、L21、L22、L2,同時可測定波數k1及k2之強度I1、I11、I12、I1i、I2、I21、I22、I2i或此等波數周圍大小可規定之範圍內的最大強度I1、I11、I12、I1i、I2、I21、I22、I2i。同時亦可量測帶子4之明確周圍環境內的處理溫度。可針對不同溶劑含量進行此等量測,從而能如 圖3及圖4中的表格所示般將強度值I1、I11、I12、I1i、I2、I21、I22、I2i分配給溶劑含量或溫度T1、T11、T12、T1i、T2、T21、T22、T2i。在此亦需指出,溶劑含量與處理溫度間存在極強關聯,故從溶劑含量亦能推斷出相應溫度。原則上亦可將其他參數分配給強度值I1、I11、I12、I1i、I2、I21、I22、I2i,舉例而論,亦可以前述方式將強度值分配給同樣與溶劑含量存在較強關聯之材料厚度或帶子4之周圍環境壓力及其他處理參數。
前述自光譜11獲取資訊之方式乃是一種直接自光譜11獲得相應之處理參數值的簡單方法。當然,亦可在採用訊號處理定量方法之情況下從光譜11推斷出處理參數之相應值。
由此可依據光譜11測定材料8及/或帶子4之明確周圍環境之狀態變數的參數實際值並將該實際值與標稱值比較。可由控制器6(例如經相應程式化之微處理器或訊號處理器)實施評價光譜11及標稱值比較之操作。標稱值可儲存於一連接控制器6之記憶體(此處未示)內。控制器6可根據實際值與標稱值之偏差而操縱調節元件9改變帶子4之明確周圍環境的至少一狀態變數或該帶子之輸送速度。如此,控制器6可透過調節元件9例如改變特定處理位置上之溫度或調整帶子4之速度,藉此延長或縮短材料8在製程中的停留時間。
若薄膜7為溶劑基薄膜,則處理期間溶劑蒸發能取得乾燥及/或硬化材料8之效果。此情況下可於一量測位置上偵測材料8之現時溶劑含量L1、L11、L12、L1i、L2、L21、L22、L2i作為實際值並將該實際值與標稱值比較。
藉由使用數個譜儀5,可將施覆材料8與剝離薄膜7間之距離劃分成數段,其中可為每段各分配一譜儀5。在此可為每個譜儀5各分配一自有標稱值集。藉此可實現實際值與標稱值偏差的精確定域對應,從而能選擇性介入處理過程。
照例指出,為使本發明裝置的結構更加清楚,該裝置及其組件部分未按比例示出及/或予以放大及/或縮小示出。
該實施例指出本發明方法之可行實施方案,在此需說明,本發明不限於該特加描述之實施方案。凡落入各獨立項字面意義之實施方案,皆包含在保護範圍內。
1‧‧‧裝置
2‧‧‧轉向滾筒
3‧‧‧驅動滾筒
4‧‧‧帶子
5‧‧‧譜儀
6‧‧‧控制器
7‧‧‧薄膜
8‧‧‧材料
9‧‧‧調節元件
10‧‧‧光源

Claims (8)

  1. 一種膜或薄膜(7)之製造方法,包括以下接續步驟:a)施覆至少一用以製造該膜或該薄膜(7)之材料(8)於一運動帶子(4)上,b)至少部分硬化及/或部分乾燥該材料(8),其特徵在於,在實施步驟b)期間,採用至少一非侵入性光譜法偵測該材料(8)之特性及/或該帶子(4)之明確周圍環境的熱狀態變數,其中在第一位置上將該材料(8)澆注於該帶子(4)上,在第二位置上將至少部分硬化及/或乾燥之該材料(8)剝離該帶子(4),將該第一與第二位置間之距離劃分成大小相同或不同之數段,並且在每段中皆以可規定之時間間隔偵測該材料(8)及/或該帶子(8)之明確周圍環境之狀態變數的參數。
  2. 如請求項1之方法,其特徵在於,在步驟b)中採用紅外線吸收法作為光譜法。
  3. 如請求項1或2之方法,其特徵在於,依據藉該光譜法所偵測之一光譜(11)為該材料(8)及/或該帶子(4)之明確周圍環境之狀態變數的至少一參數測定至少一實際值並將該實際值與至少一標稱值比較。
  4. 如請求項3之方法,其特徵在於,根據該實際值與該標稱值之偏差操縱一調節元件(9)改變該帶子(4)之明確周圍環境的至少一狀態變數或該帶子之輸送速度。
  5. 如請求項4之方法,其特徵在於,該膜或該薄膜(7)為一溶劑基薄膜或溶劑基膜,其中溶劑蒸發能取得乾燥及/或硬化該材料(8)之效果,且在步驟b)中於至少一 預定量測位置上偵測該材料(8)之現時溶劑含量(L1、L11、L12、L1i、L2、L21、L22、L2i)。
  6. 如請求項5之方法,其特徵在於,為一光譜中各波長或波長範圍之強度值(I1、I11、I12、I1i、I2、I21、I22、I2i)分配該材料及/或該帶子(4)之明確周圍環境之狀態變數的參數值。
  7. 如請求項6之方法,其特徵在於,該材料(8)之該至少一參數為該材料之厚度。
  8. 如請求項1或2之方法,其特徵在於,該帶子(4)之明確周圍環境的該至少一狀態變數為該明確周圍環境內的大氣壓力及/或溫度(T1、T11、T12、T1i、T2、T21、T2i)。
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