TWI609213B - 可調式隔熱窗戶 - Google Patents
可調式隔熱窗戶 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI609213B TWI609213B TW105141454A TW105141454A TWI609213B TW I609213 B TWI609213 B TW I609213B TW 105141454 A TW105141454 A TW 105141454A TW 105141454 A TW105141454 A TW 105141454A TW I609213 B TWI609213 B TW I609213B
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- heat insulating
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical group [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 6
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004984 smart glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004983 Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032900 absorption of visible light Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
- G02F1/13475—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells in which at least one liquid crystal cell or layer is doped with a pleochroic dye, e.g. GH-LC cell
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13725—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on guest-host interaction
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13712—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering the liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13756—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering the liquid crystal selectively assuming a light-scattering state
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/08—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 light absorbing layer
- G02F2201/083—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 light absorbing layer infrared absorbing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/06—Materials and properties dopant
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Description
本發明係關於一種可調式隔熱窗戶，特別是關於一種可調整透明度同時具備隔熱特性的窗戶。
智慧型窗戶的應用中，除了一般玻璃的高穿透率外，若同時能具備隔熱及隱私保護性也是相當重要的。
在較早期的智慧型窗戶中，若使用扭轉向列型(Twisted Nematic；TN)液晶，通常都會搭配偏振片來進行液晶配向，如此不僅降低了窗戶所必須具備的光穿透率，也多了偏振片的設置成本。
而在近幾年發展的光開關技術中，亦有相當多可以在高透明狀態與吸收狀態之間，或是高透明狀態與散射狀態之間切換的技術應用於智慧型窗戶中，例如電致變色(Electrochromic)、光致變色(Photochromic)、電控懸浮粒子元件(Suspended Particle Device)與聚合物分散型液晶元件(Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal)等。然而，這些技術大多僅能在兩個狀態之間切換，因此無法同時具備可以切換高透明、高吸收與散射狀態的多種功能切換特性。
故，有必要提供一種可以切換高透明、高吸收與散射狀態的可調式隔熱窗戶，以解決習用技術中所存在的問題。
本發明之主要目的在於提供一種可調式隔熱窗戶，可利用一液晶組合物在不同電壓下達成透明、吸收、遮蔽等三種狀態。該液晶組合物中包含負型液晶、二色性染料及離子鹽類，可在不加電壓時呈現透明狀態，低電壓範圍可呈現吸收狀態並具有一定的隔熱效果，較高電壓範圍則呈現霧化遮蔽狀態且亦具有隔熱效果，可提供汽車或建築上的應用。此外，由於該液晶組合物在不供電壓時呈現最大可見光穿透率可大於65%，因此在意外斷電時，可以自動回到透明狀態，提高行車使用上的安全性。本發明的該可調式隔熱窗戶結構單純，不須額外配置偏振膜，可提高透明狀態的光穿透率，並省去偏振膜的成本及組裝步驟。
為達上述之目的，本發明的一實施例提供一種可調式隔熱窗戶，其包含：一第一透明基板，包含一第一電極；一第二透明基板，包含一第二電極；以及一隔熱層設置於該第一透明基板和該第二透明基板之間，該隔熱層包含一液晶組合物；其中該液晶組合物包含多個液晶分子、一種二色性染料以及一種離子鹽類，該液晶分子具有負的介電異向性，且該二色性染料的可見光吸收波長介於400至780奈米。
在本發明的一實施例中，該液晶分子為向列型液晶。
在本發明的一實施例中，該離子鹽類是水溶性的。
在本發明的一實施例中，該離子鹽類為氯化鈉、硫酸鈣、硫酸銨、碳酸鈉、碳酸氫鈉、硝酸鉀或四氟硼酸四丁基銨(TBATFB)。
在本發明的一實施例中，該第一電極和該第二電極提供一電壓，使該隔熱層的光穿透率下降且吸收部分可見光。
在本發明的一實施例中，該電壓小於10伏特，該隔熱層的可見光穿透率介於30~65%。
在本發明的一實施例中，該電壓大於20伏特，該隔熱層的可見光穿透率小於5%。
在本發明的一實施例中，該電壓小於10伏特，該隔熱層的近紅外光穿透率大於85%。
在本發明的一實施例中，該電壓大於20伏特，該隔熱層的近紅外光穿透率小於25%。
在本發明的一實施例中，該第一電極和該第二電極未提供一電壓時，該隔熱層呈現一透明狀態。
10‧‧‧第一透明基板
20‧‧‧第二透明基板
30‧‧‧隔熱層
31‧‧‧液晶分子
32‧‧‧二色性染料
33‧‧‧離子鹽類
33a‧‧‧負離子
33b‧‧‧正離子
L1‧‧‧光源
A‧‧‧透明狀態
B‧‧‧吸收狀態
C‧‧‧遮蔽狀態
第1圖：本發明一實施例之可調式隔熱窗戶呈現透明狀態的示意圖。
第2圖：本發明一實施例之可調式隔熱窗戶呈現吸收狀態的示意圖。
第3圖：本發明一實施例之可調式隔熱窗戶呈現遮蔽狀態的示意圖。
第4圖：本發明一實施例之可調式隔熱窗戶在不同電壓下的可見光穿透率及近紅外光穿透率變化趨勢。
第5圖：本發明一實施例之可調式隔熱窗戶，在透明、吸收及遮蔽狀態時，各波長的穿透率變化趨勢。
為了讓本發明之上述及其他目的、特徵、優點能更明顯易懂，下文將特舉本發明較佳實施例，並配合所附圖式，作詳細說明如下。
再者，本發明所提到的方向用語，例如上、下、頂、底、前、後、左、右、內、外、側面、周圍、中央、水平、橫向、垂直、縱向、軸向、徑向、最上層或最下層等，僅是參考附加圖式的方向。此外，本發明所提到的單數形式“一”、“一個”和“所述”包括複數引用，除非上下文另有明確規定。數值範圍(如10%~11%的A)若無特定說明皆包含上、下限值(即10%≦A≦11%)；數值範圍若未界定下限值(如低於0.2%的B，或0.2%以下的B)，則皆指其下限值可能為0(即0%≦B≦0.2%)。上述用語是用以說明及理解本發明，而非用以限制本發明。
本發明一實施例提供一種可調式隔熱窗戶，其包含：一第一透明基板10，包含一第一電極(未繪示)；一第二透明基板20，包含一第二電極(未繪示)；以及一隔熱層30，設置於該第一透明基板10和該第二透明基板20之間。該第一透明基板10和該第二透明基板20可為一般常用各種類型的玻璃基板。該第一電極與該第二電極可例如是氧化銦錫(ITO)等用於一般液晶顯示器的透明電極。
該隔熱層30包含一液晶組合物。該液晶組合物包含多個液晶分子31、一種二色性染料32以及一種離子鹽類33。較佳的，該液晶分子31具有負的介電異向性。在本發明的一實施例中，該液晶分子31為向列型液晶，可例如是由Merck公司購得的向列型液晶MLC2081、MLC2078、ZLI-2806或ZLI2293，但不限於此。較佳的，該二色性染料32的可見光吸收波長介於400至780奈米，可例如是480至650奈米，然不限於此。該二色性染料可例如是S428(Mithui公司)。該離子鹽類33是水溶性的，可解離一負離子33a與一正離子33b。較佳的，該離子鹽類33是可溶於該液
晶分子31的。較佳的，該離子鹽類33可為氯化鈉(NaCl)、硫酸鈣(CaSO4)、硫酸銨((NH4)2SO4)、碳酸鈉(Na2CO3)、碳酸氫鈉(NaHCO3)、硝酸鉀(KNO3)
或四氟硼酸四丁基銨(，TBATFB，
tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate)。在本發明的一實施例中，該液晶分子31、該二色性染料32以及該離子鹽類33的重量比可例如為90~99：0.5~5：0.0002~5，較佳是98：1：1，然不限於此。
當該第一電極和該第二電極提供一電壓V，使該隔熱層30的光穿透率會下降且吸收部分可見光。在本發明的一實施例中，該電壓V小於10伏特時，該隔熱層30的可見光穿透率介於30~65%，可例如是35、45、50或60%，然不限於此。當該電壓大於20伏特時，該隔熱層30的可見光穿透率小於5%，可例如是5、4、3、2、1或0.5%，然不限於此。當該電壓V小於10伏特，該隔熱層30的近紅外光穿透率大於85%，可例如是85、86、87或88%，然不限於此。在本發明的一實施例中，當該電壓V大於20伏特，則該隔熱層30的近紅外光穿透率小於25%，可例如是23、21、19、17或15%，然不限於此。在本發明的一實施例中，該第一電極和該第二電極不提供一電壓時(即電壓為0伏特時)，該隔熱層30呈現視覺上的一透明狀態，具有可見光穿透率大約65%。因此，本發明的該可調式隔熱窗戶在一般未通電壓時，是屬於常態透明的，可確保意外斷電時回復到透明狀態，提高應用於做為汽車玻璃時的使用安全性。
請參考第1圖，其顯示了根據本發明的一實施例之可調式隔熱窗戶在透明狀態下的示意圖。由於該液晶分子31為負型液晶，不施加
電壓時，該液晶分子31自然呈現垂直於該第一透明基板10及該第二透明基板20，因此可使一光源L1通過該可調式隔熱窗戶，使用者可從內向外見到外部景色。
請參考第2圖，其顯示了根據本發明的一實施例之可調式隔熱窗戶在吸收狀態下的示意圖。當施加低頻交流電壓時，由於該液晶分子31為負型液晶，因此受到電場控制而調整該液晶分子31的長軸逐漸轉向平行於該第一透明基板10及該第二透明基板20，此時，光源L1受到該二色性染料32的影響，部分波長被該二色性染料32吸收，呈現暗色、低透明狀態，且提供了隔熱效果。實際應用上，使用者可從該可調式隔熱窗戶的內部看見外部景色，且不會因為陽光或強光的照射而感到不適。該電壓可為10伏特以下，可例如是2、3、4、5、6、7或8伏特，然不限於此。
請參考第3圖，其顯示了根據本發明的一實施例之可調式隔熱窗戶在遮蔽狀態下的示意圖。當電壓繼續增加時，離子開始產生劇烈擾動，使得該液晶分子31受到影響而呈現混亂排列，使該光源L1被散射，加上該二色性染料32吸收了該光源L1中部分的可見光波長，呈現暗色霧化的遮蔽狀態，可遮蔽光源L1，應用在汽車玻璃上，可具有相當好的隱私保護功能，同時亦具有隔熱效果。該電壓可例如是10伏特以上，較佳可為20伏特以上，然不限於此。
請參考第4圖，其顯示了在不同電壓時，該可調式隔熱窗戶的可見光(480至650奈米)及近紅外光(700至750奈米)穿透率的變化趨勢。從第4圖可知，在A區間時，不施加電壓的狀態下，可見光及近紅外光穿透率都在相對較高的狀態，分別大約是65%及80%。當施加了較
小電壓時(B區間)，約2~8伏特之間，可發現可見光穿透率大幅下降，約在30%左右，而近紅外光穿透率則仍維持在80%，此時可見光已部分被該二色性染料所吸收，但仍可維持一定程度的透光度，並且由於可見光被吸收也具有隔熱效果。當電壓繼續提升(C區間)，至20伏特時，可見光和近紅外光穿透率均大幅下降，除了因為該液晶分子的排列使光源被散射，該二色性染料亦吸收部分可見光而達成散射且隔熱的效果。
請繼續參考第5圖，顯示了在透明狀態(A曲線)、吸收狀態(B曲線)、遮蔽狀態(C曲線)時所測量各波長的可見光穿透率。從第5圖可見，A曲線及B曲線在較短波長區間(約650奈米以下)呈現相對較低的光穿透率，代表了該可調式隔熱窗戶阻擋了可見光的部分能量，確實具有隔熱功能。而從A曲線與B曲線之間的穿透率差距，也可以代表吸收狀態在視覺效果上確實界於遮蔽狀態與透明狀態之間，為半透明狀態。C曲線相較於A、B曲線則呈現穿透率接近0%，故可達成相當好的隱私遮蔽效果。
雖然本發明已以較佳實施例揭露，然其並非用以限制本發明，任何熟習此項技藝之人士，在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內，當可作各種更動與修飾，因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
10‧‧‧第一透明基板
20‧‧‧第二透明基板
30‧‧‧隔熱層
31‧‧‧液晶分子
32‧‧‧二色性染料
33‧‧‧離子鹽類
33a‧‧‧負離子
33b‧‧‧正離子
L1‧‧‧光源
Claims (8)
- 一種可調式隔熱窗戶，其包含：一第一透明基板，包含一第一電極；一第二透明基板，包含一第二電極；以及一隔熱層設置於該第一透明基板和該第二透明基板之間，該隔熱層包含一液晶組合物；其中該液晶組合物包含多個液晶分子、一種二色性染料以及一種離子鹽類，該液晶分子具有負的介電異向性，且該二色性染料的可見光吸收波長介於400至780奈米，以及其中該第一電極和該第二電極未提供一電壓時，該隔熱層呈現一透明狀態。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之可調式隔熱窗戶，其中該液晶分子為向列型液晶。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之可調式隔熱窗戶，其中該離子鹽類是水溶性的。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之可調式隔熱窗戶，其中該離子鹽類為氯化鈉、硫酸鈣、硫酸銨、碳酸鈉、碳酸氫鈉、硝酸鉀或四氟硼酸四丁基銨(TBATFB)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之可調式隔熱窗戶，其中該第一電極和該第二電極提供一電壓，使該隔熱層的光穿透率下降且吸收部分可見光。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之可調式隔熱窗戶，其中該電壓小於10伏特，該隔熱層的可見光穿透率介於30~65%。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之可調式隔熱窗戶，其中該電 壓大於20伏特，該隔熱層的可見光穿透率小於5%。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之可調式隔熱窗戶，其中該電壓大於20伏特，該隔熱層的近紅外光穿透率小於25%。
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| TW105141454A TWI609213B (zh) | 2016-12-14 | 2016-12-14 | 可調式隔熱窗戶 |
| US15/438,382 US20180163460A1 (en) | 2016-12-14 | 2017-02-21 | Adjustable heat insulation windows |
| EP18758162.4A EP3588176A4 (en) | 2016-12-14 | 2018-01-04 | ADJUSTABLE THERMAL INSULATION WINDOW |
| CN201880003119.0A CN110431476A (zh) | 2016-12-14 | 2018-01-04 | 可调式隔热窗户 |
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| EP3731009A4 (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2020-11-25 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | LIQUID CRYSTAL CELL |
| US11175558B2 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2021-11-16 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Liquid crystal cell |
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| US10705366B2 (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2020-07-07 | National Sun Yat-Sen University | Method for fabricating micro-cell structures |
| TWI696865B (zh) * | 2019-04-30 | 2020-06-21 | 國立中山大學 | 多功能調光玻璃 |
| TWI751784B (zh) * | 2020-11-12 | 2022-01-01 | 絢麗光電股份有限公司 | 智慧窗戶 |
| TWI769866B (zh) * | 2021-06-17 | 2022-07-01 | 絢麗光電股份有限公司 | 多功能智慧窗戶及其控制方法 |
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| CN110431476A (zh) | 2019-11-08 |
| TW201821874A (zh) | 2018-06-16 |
| EP3588176A1 (en) | 2020-01-01 |
| US20180163460A1 (en) | 2018-06-14 |
| EP3588176A4 (en) | 2020-09-02 |
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