WO2023065925A1 - 一种液晶调光器件 - Google Patents

一种液晶调光器件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023065925A1
WO2023065925A1 PCT/CN2022/119916 CN2022119916W WO2023065925A1 WO 2023065925 A1 WO2023065925 A1 WO 2023065925A1 CN 2022119916 W CN2022119916 W CN 2022119916W WO 2023065925 A1 WO2023065925 A1 WO 2023065925A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
dimming device
layer
voltage
transparent conductive
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PCT/CN2022/119916
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
薛九枝
李莉
王飞
唐建华
沈喜妹
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江苏集萃智能液晶科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023065925A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023065925A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of liquid crystal optoelectronic devices, in particular to a dimming device that simultaneously realizes privacy protection and adjusts a large dynamic range and can adjust a spectrum range.
  • This application particularly emphasizes the application of liquid crystal dimming devices in building materials.
  • Glass and glass doors and windows are one of the earliest technologies invented and commercialized by modern humans.
  • the large-area use of glass enables the outdoor scene to be clearly observed and sunlight collected even when the indoor and outdoor are physically separated.
  • the use of glass curtain walls and glass doors and windows brings the disadvantages of loss of privacy and increased energy consumption.
  • Switchable glass is widely used in construction and transportation fields.
  • Electrochromic technology has excellent characteristics of solid-state devices, but for a typical glass door and window size product, its discoloration speed is several minutes or even tens of minutes, and the lowest light transmittance or coloring state is in the external ambient light When it is relatively dark, it cannot protect the privacy of indoor scenes, and strict device uniformity and purity requirements lead to low product yield and shortened product life.
  • Suspended particle (SPD) technology is currently in a highly colored state when the power is off, but similar to electrochromic glass, it still does not have the effect of privacy protection.
  • the SPD technology is in a light-shielding state when the power is off, and it is not satisfied to turn into a safe transparent state when the power is off.
  • SPD dimming technology because only a few companies develop SPD dimming technology, its production cost is high and the industrialization of technology is slow.
  • Liquid crystal dimming technology has been greatly developed due to the comprehensive industrialization of flat panel display technology.
  • Conventional polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) has excellent privacy protection properties, and its products are widely used in interior decoration, interior partition and other fields.
  • trans-PDLC technology because of its limited viewing angle range, lack of clarity in the transparent state, and almost no regulation of solar radiation energy, it is blocked from market applications by glass doors, windows and glass curtain walls facing exterior walls.
  • new dimming technology bistable liquid crystal dimming device has been greatly improved compared with PDLC technology, which makes it have the opportunity to be used in exterior wall glass.
  • bistable liquid crystal dimming glass has little adjustment to solar radiation energy.
  • a single dye liquid crystal device can only adjust one polarized light, resulting in the need for two pieces of dye liquid crystal with vertical polarization direction, or a polarizer Add a dye liquid crystal device to adjust the depth of natural light. Therefore, the dimming dynamic range of a single dye liquid crystal device is narrower than that of EC and SPD technologies, and the dynamic adjustment range for solar radiation energy is also smaller, and the cost is even higher. At the same time, dye liquid crystal dimming glass is similar to EC and SPD dimming technology, and cannot protect the privacy of indoor scenes at night when the ambient light is relatively dark.
  • a dimming device that simultaneously realizes privacy protection, can selectively adjust large dynamic ranges for visible light and near-infrared light, is clearly visible at all viewing angles in the light-transmitting state, can return to a transparent safe state when power is off, and has a fast switching speed. 1.
  • the present invention satisfies the requirement by providing a novel liquid crystal dimming device through the combination of liquid crystal material, device structure and driving method.
  • the present application provides a liquid crystal dimming device.
  • the core of the liquid crystal device is a layer of liquid crystal layer, and the liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal material and a dichroic dichroism in which the molecular arrangement direction is basically consistent with that of the surrounding liquid crystal molecules.
  • the molecular arrangement of liquid crystal molecules and dichroic dyes has various molecular arrangements under the action of internal elastic force, surface force and applied voltage, including the arrangement of substantially the same direction under applied voltage, at least one of which has The regular arrangement and an irregular, multi-domain molecular arrangement are still stable in the absence of an applied voltage.
  • the incident light passes through the liquid crystal layer in which the molecular arrangement is basically regular, the incident light passes through basically without scattering; when the incident light passes through the liquid crystal layer in which the molecular arrangement is basically irregular, the incident light is scattered and absorbed under the condition of increasing through the liquid crystal layer.
  • Embodiments of the present invention and their objects are described and illustrated below by way of examples and in conjunction with systems, tools and methods. These examples are exemplary and illustrative only, and not restrictive. In various embodiments, one or more of the above market needs have been met by the present invention, while other embodiments are directed to other improvements.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal dimming device, the dimming device has at least two states that are still stable after the withdrawal of the applied voltage, at least one state of which the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in an orderly manner, and the incident light incident on it is basically Pass through without scattering or a small amount of scattering; at least one of the state liquid crystal molecules is arranged in a multi-domain disordered state, and the incident light incident on it is absorbed and scattered in a large amount before passing through.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal dimming device.
  • the liquid crystal molecules are basically arranged in an orderly manner, and the incident light incident on it Light passes through with minimal absorption and virtually no scattering.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal dimming device, the at least two states of the dimming device include at least one molecular arrangement that is substantially ordered, and at least one molecular arrangement that is a multi-domain disordered state.
  • the linearly polarized light perpendicular to each other has a substantially consistent adjustment effect.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal dimming device, the colors of at least two stable states of the dimming device can be adjusted.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal dimming device, at least two stable states of the dimming device can be adjusted for near-infrared light.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal dimming device, at least two stable states of the dimming device and the transmission state when the voltage is applied can be divided and independently controlled.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a driving method capable of realizing the functions exhibited by the liquid crystal dimming device provided in the present invention.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a lamination method, by which the liquid crystal dimming device provided in the present invention can be strengthened so that it can be widely used in the construction field.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a glass window that has the ability to block thermal energy exchange due to conduction and convection while allowing the operator to control the transparency of the glass window, the transmittance of solar radiation energy, and the privacy of the glass window protective.
  • the present invention provides a liquid crystal dimming device, comprising a first transparent conductive base layer, a second transparent conductive base layer, and a liquid crystal disposed between the first transparent conductive base layer and the second transparent conductive base layer layer, the first transparent conductive base layer includes a first transparent substrate and a first transparent conductive layer adjacent to the side of the liquid crystal layer, and the second transparent conductive base layer includes a second transparent substrate and a layer adjacent to the liquid crystal layer.
  • a second transparent conductive layer arranged on one side, the liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal composition and a dichroic dye, and the liquid crystal composition includes a nematic liquid crystal composition, a chiral compound and a bimesogenic compound; the liquid crystal
  • the layer is subjected to the voltage applied between the first transparent conductive base layer and the second transparent conductive base layer to change the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer and the corresponding dichroic dye molecules. Changes in the arrangement of dye molecules lead to changes in the propagation characteristics of light incident on the liquid crystal layer, including transmission, scattering, absorption, reflection, etc., and there are at least two stable states in the arrangement state of the liquid crystal molecules that remain basically stable after the voltage is withdrawn.
  • At least one of the stable states is a transparent state, and the transparent state is transparent to light incident on the liquid crystal layer, and at least one of the stable states is a shielding state, and the shielding state is transparent to light incident on the liquid crystal layer Light can be absorbed and scattered at the same time.
  • the nematic liquid crystal composition is a liquid crystal compound or liquid crystal mixture having a nematic phase, and the nematic liquid crystal composition accounts for 30wt%-90wt% of the liquid crystal composition.
  • the chiral compound is a chiral liquid crystal material, and the chiral compound accounts for 0.01wt%-30wt% of the liquid crystal composition.
  • the dichroic dye can be mutually soluble in the liquid crystal composition, the dichroic dye is affected by the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules to form a certain ordered arrangement, and the order parameter of the dichroic dye is between 0.1-1; the dichroic dye accounts for 0.01wt%-5wt% of the liquid crystal composition.
  • the dichroic dye is a single component, and the absorption peak of the dichroic dye is in any band between 300nm and 2500nm.
  • the dichroic dye is a mixture of multiple components, the absorption peak of each component is in any band between 300nm and 2500nm, and the absorption peaks of the components do not overlap.
  • first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate are flat glass, tempered glass, semi-tempered glass, float glass, or a plastic substrate film.
  • the plastic substrate film is selected from at least one of PET film, PI film, PTFE film, PP film, PC film, PVC film, PE film, PS film, PA film, PEN film, PMMA film, PBT film kind.
  • the material of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer is any one of a metal oxide film, a metal nanowire conductive film, a metal grid, and a carbon-based conductive film.
  • At least one of the first and second transparent conductive layers is composed of at least one conductive region to which a voltage can be applied independently.
  • first alignment layer and/or a second alignment layer arranged on the side of the first transparent conductive base layer and/or the second transparent conductive base layer adjacent to the liquid crystal layer.
  • the material of the first alignment layer and/or the second alignment layer is any of polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, epoxy resin, polyurethane, polysilane, polystyrene and its derivatives A sort of.
  • the alignment method of the first alignment layer and/or the second alignment layer is any one of rubbing alignment method, photo-controlled alignment method, oblique evaporation method, and LB film method.
  • the alignment type of the first alignment layer and/or the second alignment layer is any one of IPS, TN, STN or VA type.
  • the alignment application of the first alignment layer and/or the second alignment layer is any one of spin coating method, soaking method, letterpress printing method, spray coating method or slit coating method.
  • a spacer material is arranged between the first transparent conductive base layer and the second transparent conductive base layer, and the spacer material is selected from at least one of resin, glass fiber and inorganic material, and the shape of the spacer material can be Spherical, rod or mixed shapes.
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is 1-60 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is 5-50 ⁇ m.
  • liquid crystal dimming device can be in at least three states for visible light and near-infrared light incident thereon: high-definition transparency and low haze state, low coloring and low haze state and high coloring and high haze state state.
  • the state of high transparency and low haze is obtained by continuously applying the first voltage between the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer, at this time, the liquid crystal layer in the light-adjusting device
  • the liquid crystal molecules are arranged approximately perpendicular to the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer; the low coloring and low haze state is applied between the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer
  • the second voltage is obtained, at this time, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer in the light-adjusting device are roughly parallel to the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer and have a certain helical structure arrangement; the highly colored .
  • the high haze state is obtained by applying a third voltage between the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer, at this time, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer in the light-adjusting device present random Focal conic state arrangement.
  • the first voltage is a continuous voltage
  • the second voltage and the third voltage are pulse voltages.
  • the first voltage is an alternating voltage
  • the amplitude of the alternating voltage is 10-500V
  • the frequency of the alternating voltage is 20-10000 Hz.
  • the second voltage is an alternating pulse voltage
  • the alternating pulse voltage is composed of one continuous pulse or a plurality of different or identical pulses, and the amplitude of the alternating pulse voltage is 10-300V;
  • the frequency of the second voltage is 20-10000 Hz;
  • the pulse width of the second voltage is 0.01-300s.
  • the third voltage is an alternating pulse voltage
  • the alternating pulse voltage is composed of one continuous pulse or multiple different or identical pulses, and the amplitude of the alternating pulse voltage is 10-300V;
  • the frequency of the third voltage is 20-10000 Hz;
  • the pulse width of the third voltage is 0.01-300s.
  • the continuous voltage includes a gradient voltage combined with a pulse voltage.
  • the amplitude, frequency, and pulse width of the pulse voltage are the same as or different from the second voltage and the third voltage.
  • the light transmittance in the high-definition and low-haze state is not lower than 30%, and the haze is not higher than 5%; the light transmittance in the low-coloring and low-haze state is not higher than 50%, and the haze is not higher than 5%. Higher than 10%; the light transmittance in the highly colored and high haze state is not higher than 40%, and the haze is not lower than 60%.
  • the light transmittance of the high-transparency, low-haze state and low coloring, low-haze state can be adjusted according to the composition and concentration of the added dichroic dye, and the high-transparency, low-haze state and The ratio of transmittance of incident light of a specific wavelength or wavelength range between the low coloring and low haze states can be greater than 2:1.
  • the present application also provides a laminated liquid crystal dimming device obtained by using the above-mentioned liquid crystal dimming device, including a first substrate, a first adhesive layer, a liquid crystal dimming device, and a second bonding layer arranged in sequence. layer and the second substrate.
  • first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer are polymerizable polymer compound layers with adhesive properties, and the polymer compound layers are selected from any one or more of PVB, EVA, and SPU. kind.
  • first substrate and the second substrate use the same or different materials.
  • the materials of the first substrate and the second substrate are selected from one or more of glass, tempered glass, Low-e glass, special glass with the ability to block electromagnetic radiation, and plastic substrates.
  • the present application also provides a hollow liquid crystal dimming device obtained by using the above-mentioned liquid crystal dimming device, including a first substrate, a liquid crystal dimming device and a second substrate arranged in sequence, and a The substrate and the liquid crystal dimming device and/or the hollow cavity between the liquid crystal dimming device and the second substrate.
  • the hollow cavity is vacuum.
  • the hollow cavity is filled with any one or more of air, inert gas, aerogel or liquid.
  • a hollow spacer is provided in the hollow cavity.
  • the hollow spacer material adopts any one or more of strip-shaped, sheet-shaped, column-shaped, spherical spacer materials made of polymer, metal or non-metallic material.
  • the hollow spacer material is bonded and fixed by an adhesive
  • the adhesive is a polymer compound that can be polymerized and has bonding properties for glass and plastic substrates
  • the polymer compound is PVB, EVA, Any of the SPUs.
  • the beneficial effect of the present application is that the present application provides a liquid crystal dimming device, by adding a dichroic dye to the liquid crystal composition after component optimization, privacy protection and brightness adjustment can be simultaneously realized in a single cell dimming device function, and the dimming device has at least two states that still exist stably after the voltage is withdrawn, only pulse voltage switching is required, no voltage maintenance is required, and power consumption is low; in addition, the transmittance of the dimming device provided by this application
  • the contrast ratio can be better than the transmittance contrast ratio of a conventional dye liquid crystal single cell, and at the same time, it has a better energy-saving effect compared with the conventional dye liquid crystal, which improves the value of liquid crystal dimming devices in practical applications.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal dimming device in the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of liquid crystal dimming devices in some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a driving method of a liquid crystal dimming device in the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is the ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared transmission spectrum diagram of the liquid crystal dimming device using collimated light in embodiment 1;
  • Fig. 5 is the ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared transmission spectrum diagram of the liquid crystal dimming device using collimated light in embodiment 2;
  • Fig. 6 is the ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared transmission spectrum diagram of the liquid crystal dimming device using an integrating sphere in Example 1;
  • Fig. 7 is the ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared transmission spectrum diagram of the liquid crystal dimming device using an integrating sphere in Example 2;
  • Figure 8 contains the liquid crystal dimming device in Example 1 in (a) high transparency and low haze state, (b) low coloring and low haze state and (c) high coloring and high haze state under corresponding driving voltages photos in state;
  • Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of a laminated liquid crystal dimming device in the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a hollow liquid crystal dimming device in the present application.
  • the liquid crystal dimming device 100 includes a first transparent conductive base layer 101, a second transparent conductive base layer 102, and The liquid crystal layer 103 between them, the first transparent conductive base layer 101 includes a first transparent base material 104 and a first transparent conductive layer 105 arranged on one side adjacent to the liquid crystal layer, and the second transparent conductive base layer 102 includes a second transparent conductive layer 105
  • the substrate 106 and the second transparent conductive layer 107 arranged on one side adjacent to the liquid crystal layer as a preferred embodiment, at least one of the first transparent conductive layer 105 and the second transparent conductive layer 107 is composed of at least one that can independently apply a voltage
  • the composition of the conductive region as a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 103 is 1-60 ⁇ m, as a further preferred embodiment, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 103 is 5-50 ⁇ m; the liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal composition and a dichroic dye, the liquid crystal composition includes a
  • At least two stable states that remain basically stable after the voltage is withdrawn.
  • At least one of the stable states is a transparent state, and the transparent state is The transition state transmits light incident on the liquid crystal layer, and at least one of the stable states is a shielding state, and the shielding state can simultaneously absorb and scatter light incident on the liquid crystal layer.
  • the working principle of the liquid crystal dimming device of the present application is shown in Figure 2, and the arrow 203 marks the path of light; wherein, due to the interaction between the interface and the liquid crystal elastic force, when the liquid crystal layer in Figure 2 (a) has no external voltage, the liquid crystal molecules 201 Roughly parallel to the direction of the upper and lower substrates, the dichroic dye molecules 202 are miscible in the liquid crystal and arranged with the liquid crystal molecules 201. At this time, the liquid crystal molecules and dye molecules are arranged in an orderly manner, forming a substantially uniform planar molecule with a helical structure. arrangement.
  • the ability of the liquid crystal layer to modulate light depends on the order of liquid crystal and dye molecule arrangement, the concentration of dye molecules, and the value of the helical pitch.
  • the absorption of uniformly polarized light is greater than that of polarized light that rotates in the opposite direction, and the transmitted light thus has a certain rotational polarization characteristic.
  • the transmitted light generally has a certain polarization characteristic.
  • the liquid crystal molecules are basically arranged in an orderly manner, the liquid crystal layer has a low scattering of light incident on it, so that the liquid crystal dimming device presents a low coloring and low haze state dominated by light absorption and transmission;
  • any form of voltage can be applied to the liquid crystal layer through the first transparent conductive base layer 101 and the second transparent conductive base layer 102 in Figure 2, and the voltage parameters depend on the initial arrangement of liquid crystal molecules, dielectric anisotropy and the elastic force between them , when the applied electric field is large enough, the liquid crystal molecules 201 can be arranged in a direction roughly parallel to the direction of the applied electric field, forming the liquid crystal molecules 201 and the dichroic dye molecules 202 arranged with the liquid crystal molecules 201 are roughly vertical In the state of being aligned in the direction of the upper and lower substrates.
  • the arrangement of liquid crystal and dye molecules is relatively highly ordered, and the liquid crystal layer has extremely low absorption and extremely low scattering for the light incident on it, so that the liquid crystal dimming device presents high-definition transparency and low haze mainly based on light transmission. state;
  • the application of an external electric field can cause the liquid crystal layer to form multiple molecular domains 204 with disordered orientations.
  • the liquid crystal molecules still have a substantially ordered helical arrangement, while the orientation between the molecular domains 204 is substantially disordered, as shown in the liquid crystal layer in FIG. 2(b).
  • the molecular arrangement in this multi-domain disordered state can be maintained for a long time, forming a stable liquid crystal molecular arrangement.
  • the multi-domain structure of the liquid crystal molecules can strongly scatter the incident light, and at the same time, the multi-domain structure of the liquid crystal molecules, especially the disordered arrangement of dichroic dyes, can fully absorb the incident light. , so that the liquid crystal layer forms a relatively high absorption and scattering of the incident light as a whole, which is basically independent of the polarization direction, so that the liquid crystal dimming device presents a high coloring and high haze state dominated by light absorption and light scattering.
  • the liquid crystal dimming device According to the working principle of the liquid crystal dimming device provided in this application, when the applied voltage V applied to the liquid crystal layer 103 through the first transparent conductive layer 105 and the second transparent conductive layer 107 changes, the specific liquid crystal molecule arrangement and its switching speed At the same time, the light transmission, absorption, and scattering states incident on the liquid crystal layer and the response speed of the dimming device will change. In addition, when the pulse width of the applied voltage is changed, especially when the voltage is applied continuously, the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules can be gradually ordered, forming a dimming device with different transmitted light flux and scattered light flux.
  • the present application provides a driving method of a liquid crystal dimming device, and the driving method is realized by applying an applied voltage V as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the applied voltage consists of a continuous alternating voltage as shown in Figure 3(a) or a single or multiple alternating voltage pulses as shown in Figure 3(b).
  • the dimming device of the present application has no limitation on the alternating voltage waveform used for driving, and any one or more of sine wave, trapezoidal wave, step wave, square wave, triangular wave, and sawtooth wave can be selected.
  • the present application provides a driving method for obtaining high-definition transparency and low haze state.
  • the second transparent conductive layer 107 applies to the liquid crystal layer 103 an alternating voltage with a sufficiently high amplitude as shown in FIG. , so that the liquid crystal dimming device of the present application can achieve a state of high-definition transparency and low haze.
  • the present application provides a driving method for obtaining a low-coloring and low-haze state.
  • the voltage is high enough, it briefly enters a high vertical order
  • the liquid crystal layer 103 will experience short-term high-transparency, low-haze state relaxation and return to the liquid crystal layer molecules under the surface force and the elastic force between the liquid crystal molecules.
  • the planar state shown in Figure 2(a) is basically ordered, and the dimming device presents a state of low coloration and low haze at this time. This state can remain stable for a long time after the applied voltage is withdrawn.
  • the relaxation process by which liquid crystals and dye molecules align from a vertical state to a planar state depends on the elastic properties of the liquid crystal material. When the elastic constant K 33 ⁇ K 22 of the liquid crystal material, the liquid crystal and dye molecules can quickly recover from the vertical state to the planar state, reaching a perfect planar state with extremely small haze.
  • the present application provides a driving method for obtaining a state of high coloring and high haze.
  • the voltage of the applied pulse width t2 shown in Figure 3 (b) was applied to the liquid crystal layer 103 through the first transparent conductive layer 105 and the second transparent conductive layer 107 V 2 , or when the light-adjusting device is in a multi-domain opaque state with high coloring and high haze, the external light shown in Figure 3(c) is applied to the liquid crystal layer 103 through the first transparent conductive layer 105 and the second transparent conductive layer 107 Pulse voltage series, so that it first enters the low coloring and low haze state of the liquid crystal dimming device at t2 , and then makes the liquid crystal layer rapidly transform from the basic order to the multi-domain disordered molecular arrangement shown in Figure 2(b) state, so that the liquid crystal dimming device of the present application can reach a state of high coloring
  • the liquid crystal composition of the present application belongs to the guest-host type cholesteric phase liquid crystal composition.
  • the so-called guest-host type cholesteric phase liquid crystal composition uses cholesteric phase liquid crystal as the main body, and dichroic dyes are added therein as the object to form a GH type cholesteric liquid crystal composition.
  • the steroidal liquid crystal material exhibits the optical characteristics of cholesteric liquid crystal by applying different voltages to change the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules.
  • the dichroic dye molecules will also align with the liquid crystal orientation, showing two Absorption anisotropy of a chromatic dye molecule.
  • the guest-host cholesteric liquid crystal composition used in the present application includes a nematic liquid crystal composition, a chiral compound and a bimesogenic compound; as a preferred embodiment, the nematic liquid crystal is a liquid crystal compound with a nematic phase or Liquid crystal mixture, the nematic phase liquid crystal composition accounts for 30wt%-90wt% of the liquid crystal composition.
  • the nematic liquid crystal composition is mainly used to provide basic liquid crystal parameters, such as phase transition point, refractive index anisotropy and dielectric anisotropy, etc., and the chiral compound added to the nematic liquid crystal composition can form Cholesteric liquid crystals.
  • the Bragg reflection band is generally adjusted to the visible and near-infrared region with strong solar radiation energy;
  • the helical pitch P will also affect the haze. It is necessary to control a certain d/P value (d is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer) to obtain a higher haze state.
  • d/P value is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer
  • high d/P value is easy to cause planar state defects, resulting in high and uneven planar state haze, and the addition of bimesogenic compounds can effectively solve this problem.
  • Bimesogenic compounds are elastic constant regulators. After adding chiral nematic liquid crystals, a relatively high splay elastic constant K 11 , a relatively low bending elastic constant K 33 and a relatively low flexural elastic constant K 22 can be obtained. The liquid crystal The driving voltage of the molecule from any state to the vertical state is proportional to the square root of K 22 , so a relatively low K 22 can obtain a relatively low vertical state driving voltage.
  • the bimesogenic compound is a liquid crystal compound containing two mesogens in its molecule, with a structure of R1-MG1-X-MG2-R2;
  • R1 and R2 each independently represent -H, -F, -Cl or an alkyl group with 1-25 C atoms, as a further preferred embodiment, the alkyl group with 1-25 C atoms
  • MG1 and MG2 each independently represent a mesogen;
  • X is a linear or branched chain alkylene with a C atom number of 3-40
  • the liquid crystal layer of the present application also includes dichroic dyes.
  • the dichroic dyes are mutually soluble in the liquid crystal composition, and the dichroic dyes are affected by the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules to form A certain ordered arrangement, the order parameter of the dichroic dye is between 0.1-1; the dichroic dye accounts for 0.01wt%-5wt% of the liquid crystal composition;
  • the dichroic dye can select and use known conventional dyes that are oriented according to the alignment state of the liquid crystal compound due to the so-called guest-host effect, and the application does not specifically limit it; to indicate that the order parameter of the dichroic dye is not only related to the structure of the dye itself, but also related to the properties of the host liquid crystal; The higher the higher, but because the order parameter of the existing dichroic dyes is less than 1, although the liquid crystal molecules can basically align with the electric field, there are always some dye molecules that cannot be completely aligned with the liquid crystal molecules. Absorbs part of the light, so in fact there is some weak absorption even in the high-transparency vertical state.
  • the larger the order parameter the higher the contrast between the vertical state and the planar state or the focal conic state. Therefore, in order to obtain a higher contrast, a dichroic dye with a high order parameter is generally selected.
  • the dynamic adjustment range of solar radiation is affected by the composition and content of the dichroic dye. When the composition and content of the dye are appropriate, the difference between the maximum transmittance state and the minimum transmittance state for the incident collimated light can be realized.
  • the value is greater than 50%; further, the difference between the maximum transmittance state and the minimum transmittance state for the collimated light incident on it can be realized to be greater than 60%; when the dye content is high enough, the quasi-transmittance incident on it
  • the maximum transmittance of direct light can be reduced to less than 30%, and correspondingly, the difference between the state of maximum transmittance and minimum transmittance of collimated light incident on it will also be reduced.
  • the dichroic dye is preferably two or more, more preferably three or more dichroic dyes, to perform different color settings, the dichroic dye category
  • the precise mixing method of dichroic dyes are known to those skilled in the art, the application is not particularly limited.
  • the dichroic dye is a single component, and the absorption peak of the dichroic dye is in any band between 300nm-2500nm; the dichroic dye can also be composed of multiple A mixture of two components, the absorption peak of each component is in any band between 300nm and 2500nm, and the absorption peaks of each component do not overlap.
  • the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate are flat glass, tempered glass, semi-tempered glass, float glass, or a plastic substrate film; as a further preferred embodiment, the plastic The substrate film is selected from at least one of PET film, PI film, PTFE film, PP film, PC film, PVC film, PE film, PS film, PA film, PEN film, PMMA film, PBT film, but the application does not limited to this.
  • the material of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer is any one of a metal oxide film, a metal nanowire conductive film, a metal grid, and a carbon-based conductive film.
  • the liquid crystal dimming device further includes a first alignment layer and/or a second alignment layer arranged on the side of the first transparent conductive base layer and/or the second transparent conductive base layer adjacent to the liquid crystal layer ;
  • the material of the first alignment layer and/or the second alignment layer is polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, epoxy resin, polyurethane, polysilane, polystyrene and its Any one of the derivatives; as a further preferred embodiment, the alignment method of the first alignment layer and/or the second alignment layer is in the rubbing alignment method, the photo-controlled alignment method, the oblique evaporation method, and the LB film method.
  • the alignment type of the first alignment layer and/or the second alignment layer is any one of IPS, TN, STN or VA; as a further preferred embodiment,
  • the alignment application of the first alignment layer and/or the second alignment layer is any one of spin coating method, soaking method, letterpress printing method, spray coating method or slit coating method, but the application is not limited thereto .
  • a spacer material is arranged between the first transparent conductive base layer and the second transparent conductive base layer, and the spacer material is selected from at least one of resin, glass fiber and inorganic material, and the spacer material
  • the shape can be spherical, rod or mixed.
  • the liquid crystal dimming device can be in at least three states for visible light and near-infrared light incident on it: high-definition transparency, low haze state, low coloring, low haze state and high coloring, High haze state; as a further preferred embodiment, the high transparency and low haze state is obtained by continuously applying the first voltage between the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer, at this time the The absorption axes of liquid crystal molecules and dye molecules in the liquid crystal layer in the dimming device are arranged approximately perpendicular to the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer; the low coloring and low haze state is applied to the first transparent conductive layer The second voltage between a transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer is obtained, and at this time, the absorption axes of liquid crystal molecules and dye molecules in the liquid crystal layer in the light-adjusting device are approximately parallel to the first transparent conductive layer.
  • the high-colored, high-haze state is obtained by applying a third voltage between the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer, at this time, the light-adjusting device described
  • the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are arranged in a random focal conic state, in absorption and scattering states, and have a good shielding effect.
  • the light transmittance in the high-transparency and low-haze state is not lower than 30%, and the haze is not higher than 5%; the light transmittance in the low-coloring and low-haze state is not higher than 50% %, the haze is not higher than 10%; the light transmittance in the high coloring and high haze state is not higher than 40%, and the haze is not lower than 60%;
  • the light transmittance of the high-transparency, low-haze state and the low-coloration, low-haze state can be adjusted according to the composition and concentration of the added dichroic dye, the high-definition transparency,
  • the ratio of the transmittance of the incident light of a specific wavelength or wavelength range between the low haze state and the low coloration and low haze state may be greater than 2:1.
  • the first voltage is a continuous voltage
  • the second voltage and the third voltage are pulse voltages.
  • the first voltage is an alternating voltage, the amplitude of the alternating voltage is 10-500V; the frequency of the alternating voltage is 20-10000Hz;
  • the second voltage is an alternating voltage Variable pulse voltage, the alternating pulse voltage is composed of one continuous pulse or multiple different or identical pulses, the amplitude of the alternating pulse voltage is 10-300V; the frequency of the second voltage is 20-10000Hz ;
  • the pulse width of the second voltage is 0.01-300s;
  • the third voltage is an alternating pulse voltage, the alternating pulse voltage is composed of a continuous pulse or a plurality of different or identical pulses, the alternating The amplitude of the pulse voltage is 10-300V; the frequency of the third voltage is 20-10000Hz; the pulse width of the third voltage is 0.01-300s; as a further preferred embodiment, the continuous voltage includes the pulse voltage Combined gradient voltage to achieve high-definition, low-haze state first high-
  • the present application also provides a laminated liquid crystal dimming device obtained by using the above-mentioned liquid crystal dimming device, as shown in FIG. 902 , the liquid crystal dimming device 100 , the second bonding layer 903 and the second substrate 904 .
  • the first adhesive layer 902 and the second adhesive layer 903 are polymerizable polymer compound layers with adhesive properties, and the polymer compound layer is selected from PVB, EVA, and SPU. Any one or more, but the application is not limited thereto.
  • the first substrate 901 and the second substrate 904 use the same or different materials; as a further preferred embodiment, the materials of the first substrate and the second substrate are selected from glass, One or more of tempered glass, Low-e glass, special glass that blocks electromagnetic radiation, and plastic substrates.
  • this application also provides a hollow liquid crystal dimming device obtained by using the above-mentioned liquid crystal dimming device, as shown in Figure 10, including a first substrate 901, a liquid crystal dimming device 100 and The second substrate 904 further includes a hollow cavity 1001 located between the first substrate and the liquid crystal dimming device and/or between the liquid crystal dimming device and the second substrate.
  • the hollow cavity 1001 is vacuum or filled with any one or more of air, inert gas, aerogel or liquid; as a further preferred embodiment, the A hollow spacer material 1002 is provided in the hollow cavity; as a further preferred embodiment, the hollow spacer material adopts any one of polymer, metal or non-metallic strip-shaped, sheet-shaped, column-shaped, spherical spacer materials or more; as a further preferred embodiment, the hollow spacer material is bonded and fixed by an adhesive, and the adhesive is a polymer compound that can be polymerized and has bonding properties for glass and plastic substrates, so The polymer compound is any one of PVB, EVA, SPU, but the application is not limited thereto.
  • the group structure in the liquid crystal composition is also coded;
  • Table 1 shows the group structure and code for the nematic liquid crystal composition and the bimesogenic compound;
  • the code and order parameter of the dichroic dye added to the liquid crystal composition are also provided, and the results are shown in Table 3; wherein the order parameter can be determined by the following method: mixing the dichroic dye into the following In the nematic liquid crystal composition in the above-mentioned preliminary example 1, a dye mixed crystal with a mass concentration of 1% was configured, and it was fully stirred at 120° C. for 1 hour; In the liquid crystal cell with parallel rubbing orientation, when the polarized light is parallel and perpendicular to the rubbing orientation of the liquid crystal cell, A // and A ⁇ are measured, and the order parameters are calculated by substituting the following formula;
  • Table 3 is added to the code and order parameter of the dichroic dye in the liquid crystal composition
  • liquid crystal compounds in each embodiment were fabricated into corresponding liquid crystal dimming devices, and their performances were tested.
  • the transparent conductive base layer is ITO transparent glass
  • the alignment layer is VA type
  • the orientation is carried out by rubbing alignment method
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is 20 ⁇ m
  • the supporting structure is spherical A polystyrene spacer comprising 0.2 wt% of the liquid crystal composition
  • the alignment layer is IPS type, and the alignment is carried out by upper and lower antiparallel rubbing, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is 15 ⁇ m; the liquid crystal dimming device of Example 7 In the optical device, the alignment layer is VA type, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is 10 ⁇ m.
  • the liquid crystal dimming device at a constant temperature of 25°C for more than 30 minutes, use pulse voltage to drive it to low coloring, low haze state and high coloring, high haze state, and use continuous voltage to drive it to high-definition transparency and low haze After that, the WGT-S haze meter is used to measure the transmittance and haze, and the contrast is calculated.
  • the dimming device of the present application can realize brightness adjustment and haze adjustment in a single box device at the same time.
  • the haze is not higher than 1%
  • low coloring, low haze state transmittance is not higher than 50%
  • haze is not higher than 10%
  • the haze is not higher than 2%
  • High coloring, high haze state transmittance is not higher than 40%
  • haze is not lower than 60%, ideally, haze is not lower than 75%
  • low coloring, low haze state and high coloring high
  • the haze state is stable, only pulse voltage is required for state switching, almost zero power consumption, and the state can remain stable for a long time after the voltage is withdrawn.
  • the haze change will not exceed 5% after 16 hours of storage. More ideally, After being placed for 16 hours, the change of the haze does not exceed 2%, which has the advantages of safe power failure and good haze stability.
  • the single-cell dimming device of the present application has a high-definition transparency and low haze state and a low coloring and low haze state when the liquid crystal and dye components, dye concentration, cell thickness, and interface conditions are appropriate.
  • the transmittance contrast between the incident light of a specific wavelength or wavelength range can be greater than 2, which is better than the transmittance contrast of the light and dark states of ordinary GH-type nematic single-cell devices. This is because the addition of chiral agents makes the planar
  • the state has a certain helical structure. When the helical pitch is small, the number of rotations of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer of the same thickness increases, and multi-layer reflection is conducive to absorbing incident light.
  • the high coloring and high haze states are due to the combined effects of absorption and scattering.
  • the influence of the light transmittance makes the light transmittance lower and the coloring and low haze state are further reduced, so that the transmittance of incident light in a specific wavelength or wavelength range between the high-transparency, low-haze state and the high-coloring, high-haze state.
  • the ratio contrast is further increased, and can be greater than 3 in the same situation, and at the same time, it is foreseeable that a higher contrast can be achieved by increasing the order parameter of the dichroic dye.
  • the highly colored and high haze state 403 of the liquid crystal dimming device in this application has a collimated light transmittance of ⁇ 3% at 300nm-650nm, and a collimated light transmittance of 650nm-1100nm ⁇ 7%, It has extremely low transmittance of collimated light in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions.
  • the highly colored and high-haze state 403 has high haze and haze stability.
  • the light-adjusting device of this application It has excellent privacy protection function; as can be seen from Figure 4-5, the state of maximum transmittance of collimated light incident on it is high-definition and low-haze state 401, and the state of minimum transmittance of collimated light incident on it High-color, high-haze state 403, the high-definition and low-haze state 401 of the liquid crystal dimming device in this application has a collimated light transmittance of 66%-70% at 400nm-650nm, and a collimated light transmittance of 650nm-1100nm The pass rate is 67-82%, and the difference between the maximum transmittance state and the minimum transmittance state for collimated light incident on it is greater than 50%.
  • Embodiments 3-14 have the foreseeable principle effects similar to those of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 in the ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared collimated light transmission spectrum, and will not be repeated here.
  • the liquid crystal dimming device in this application has a dynamic adjustment range of solar radiation, that is, the high-definition and low-haze state 401 is mainly transmitted through the entire band, and the low-coloration and low-haze state 402 is absorbed in the visible region.
  • near-infrared reflection this reflection band is derived from Bragg reflection, in some embodiments can be adjusted to visible, near-infrared, infrared region; high coloring, high haze state 403 visible region absorption, near-infrared diffuse reflection; compared with ordinary GH Type nematic phase single cell device, low coloring, low haze state 402 increases the wide reflection band, compared with cholesteric phase bistable dimming device and PDLC haze dimming device, low coloring, low haze state 402 increases Wide visible area absorption, with more energy-saving effect.
  • the ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared integrated transmission spectra of Examples 3-14 have predictable principle effects similar to those of Examples 1 and 2, and will not be repeated here.
  • Figure 8 shows the working effect diagram of the liquid crystal dimming device in Embodiment 1
  • Figure 8(a) shows that it is in a high-definition, low-haze state under the corresponding driving voltage
  • Figure 8(b) shows It is in a low coloring and low haze state under the corresponding driving voltage
  • Fig. 8(c) shows that it is in a high coloring and high haze state under the corresponding driving voltage.

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Abstract

本申请涉及一种液晶调光器件，包括涂覆有透明导电层的基材以及夹在基材之间的添加了二向色性染料的液晶组合物；所得的液晶调光器件可以存在至少两个在电压撤离后仍然保持基本稳定的稳定态，其中至少一个是液晶分子排列基本有序，至少一个是液晶分子排列多畴而无序；外加电压使得液晶分子的排列可在上述稳定态之间快速切换，也可获得不同于稳定态的液晶分子排列；上述液晶调光器件对于入射光能够在高度清晰透明的最小吸收、最小散射态到私密状态的最大吸收、最大散射态之间调节，同时实现零功耗隐私保护以及零功耗清晰透明两种状态，获得优良的太阳辐射能调节以及可以在高清透明与隐私保护状态之间快速切换的节能智能调光玻璃。

Description

一种液晶调光器件
本申请要求了申请日为2021年10月22日，申请号为CN202111232990.8，发明名称为“一种液晶调光器件”的发明专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及液晶光电器件领域，尤其涉及一种同时实现隐私保护和调节动态范围大、频谱范围可以调节的调光器件。本申请尤其强调液晶调光器件在建筑材料方面的应用。
背景技术
玻璃与玻璃门窗是现代人类最早的发明并商业化的技术之一，玻璃的大面积使用，使得室内外物理隔断的情况下，仍然能够清晰地观察到室外的场景并且采集到阳光。然而，玻璃幕墙与玻璃门窗的使用同时带来隐私的丧失与能耗增加的弊端。
传统解决隐私与部分解决能耗增加的办法包括窗帘、百叶窗等机械装置。解决能耗增加的方法近年来还有中空玻璃、Low E镀膜等产品技术。最近几十年来，人们对于能够直接调节光线传播的所谓调光玻璃进行了大量的研究，其产品技术日趋成熟。调光玻璃在建筑、交通领域的应用日益广泛。
现有调光技术主要包括电致变色、悬浮粒子技术、液晶调光技术三大类。电致变色技术(EC)具有优秀的固体器件的特性，但是对于一个典型的玻璃门窗尺寸的产品，其变色速度是几分钟甚至是数十分钟，最低光透过率或者着色态在外界环境光比较暗的时候无法对于室内场景起到隐私保护的作用，严苛的器件均匀性与纯度要求导致产品成品率低下与产品寿命变短。悬浮粒子(SPD)技术目前断电状态为高着色态，但是与电致变色玻璃类似，仍然起不到隐私防护作用。同时，SPD技术在断电状态时为遮光态，不满足断电转为安全的透明态。另外，由于仅有少数公司开发SPD调光技术，导致其生产成本高昂、技术产业化推进缓慢。
液晶调光技术因为平板显示技术的全面产业化而得到长足的发展。常规的聚合物分散液晶(PDLC)具有非常优秀的隐私保护特性，其产品在室内装潢、室内隔断等领域得到广泛的应用。但是包括反式PDLC技术，因其有限的视角范围、透明状态时不够清晰，几乎无任何太阳辐射能的调控而被面向外墙的玻璃门窗、玻璃幕墙阻挡在市场应用之外。近年来新型调光技术，双稳态液晶调光器件相对于PDLC技术有巨大改进，使得 其有机会用于外墙玻璃。然而与PDLC技术类似，双稳态液晶调光玻璃对于太阳辐射能的调节微乎其微。染料液晶调光技术由于是利用其分子二向色性吸光的特性的缘故，单个染料液晶器件仅对于一种偏振光起到调节作用，导致需要偏振方向垂直的双片染料液晶，或者一片偏振片加一个染料液晶器件才能对于自然光进行深度调节。因而单个染料液晶器件调光的动态范围相比EC、SPD技术更窄，对于太阳辐射能的动态调节范围也更小，成本也甚至更高。同时，染料液晶调光玻璃与EC、SPD调光技术类似，不能在环境光比较暗的夜晚对于室内的场景起到隐私保护的作用。另外，在已公开专利有披露，将明暗调节器件与雾度调节器件复合，外接独立驱动接头，可以在一个器件中同时实现雾度、明暗调节，但双盒器件工艺复杂且较为厚重。
因此，需要一种在调光器件中同时实现隐私保护、对于可见光与近红外光可以选择性大动态范围调节、透光态全视角清晰可见、断电可以恢复到透明的安全状态、开关速度快、生产成本低的调光器件，尤其是可用于建筑玻璃的调光器件。
发明内容
本发明通过提供一种新型的液晶调光器件，其通过液晶材料、器件结构、以及驱动方式的组合，来满足所述需要。
为实现上述目的，本申请提供了一种液晶调光器件，所述液晶器件的核心是一层液晶层，所述液晶层包括液晶材料以及分子排列方向与周围液晶分子基本一致的二向色性染料，所述液晶分子与二向色性染料分子排列在内在弹性力、表面作用力以及外加电压的作用下具有多种分子排列，其中包括在外加电压下基本方向一致的排列，至少一种具有规律性的排列与一种无规律、多畴的分子排列在无外加电压时仍然稳定的排列结构。当入射光通过所述分子排列基本规律的液晶层时，入射光基本无散射地通过，当入射光通过所述分子排列基本无规律的液晶层时，入射光在散射与吸收增大的情况下通过所述液晶层。
以下通过示例并结合系统、工具和方法，对本发明的实施方案及其目的进行描述和说明。这些示例仅是示例性的和说明性的、而非限制性的。在不同实施方案中，上述一个或更多个市场需求已经通过本发明得到满足，而另一些实施方案则针对其他改进。
本发明的主要目的是提供一种液晶调光器件，该调光器件具有至少两个外加电压撤离后仍然稳定的状态，其中至少一个状态液晶分子排列基本有序，入射于其上的入射光基本无散射或者少量散射后通过；其中 至少一个状态液晶分子排列是多畴的无序状态，入射于其上的入射光被大量吸收与大量散射后通过。
本发明的另外一个目的是提供一种液晶调光器件，除了上述外加电压撤离后存在的至少两个稳定状态之外，在外加电压施加时，液晶分子基本有序排列，入射于其上的入射光被最小的吸收与基本无散射后通过。
本发明的另外一个目的是提供一种液晶调光器件，该调光器件的至少两个状态，包括至少一个分子排列基本有序，至少一个分子排列是多畴无序的状态，对于入射于其上的相互垂直的线性偏振光具有基本一致的调节作用。
本发明的另外一个目的是提供一种液晶调光器件，该调光器件的至少两个稳定状态的色彩能够调节。
本发明的另外一个目的是提供一种液晶调光器件，该调光器件的至少两个稳定状态对于近红外光能够调节。
本发明的另外一个目的是提供一种液晶调光器件，该调光器件的至少两个稳定状态、外加电压时的透过状态可以分区、独立控制。
本发明的另外一个目的是提供一种驱动方法，该驱动方法能够实现本发明中提供的液晶调光器件展示的功能。
本发明的另外一个目的是提供一种合片方法，利用该合片方法，能够加强本发明中提供的液晶调光器件，使其能够被广泛应用于建筑领域。
本发明的进一步目的是提供一种玻璃窗，该玻璃窗具有阻隔由于传导、对流引起的热能交换，同时能够允许操作者控制玻璃窗的透明度、太阳辐射能的透过率，以及玻璃窗的隐私保护性。
根据本发明的目的，本发明提供一种液晶调光器件，包括第一透明导电基层、第二透明导电基层以及设于所述第一透明导电基层与所述第二透明导电基层之间的液晶层，所述第一透明导电基层包括第一透明基材和临近所述液晶层一侧设置的第一透明导电层，所述第二透明导电基层包括第二透明基材和临近所述液晶层一侧设置的第二透明导电层，所述液晶层包括液晶组合物和二向色性染料，所述液晶组合物包括向列相液晶组合物、手性化合物和双介晶化合物；所述液晶层受到第一透明导电基层与第二透明导电基层之间施加的电压而改变液晶层中液晶分子与相应地二向色性染料分子的排列状态，所述液晶层中液晶分子与二向色性染料分子排列的改变导致入射于所述液晶层的光的包括透过、散射、吸收、反射等传播特性的改变，所述液晶分子排列状态存在至少两个在电压撤离后仍然保持基本稳定的稳定态，所述稳定态中至少一个是透过态，所述透过态对于入射于液晶层的光透过，所述稳定态中至少一个是 遮蔽态，所述遮蔽态对于入射于液晶层的光能够同时吸收与散射。
进一步地，所述向列相液晶组合物为具有向列相的液晶化合物或液晶混合物，所述向列相液晶组合物占液晶组合物的30wt％-90wt％。
进一步地，所述手性化合物为手性液晶材料，所述手性化合物占液晶组合物的0.01wt％-30wt％。
进一步地，所述双介晶化合物为分子中包含两个介晶基元的液晶化合物，结构为R1-MG1-X-MG2-R2，其中，R1、R2各自独立地表示-H、-F、-Cl或者C原子数为1-25的链烷基，其中，所述C原子数为1-25的链烷基中的一个或多个H原子可以各自独立地被卤素取代，所述C原子数为1-25的链烷基中的一个或多个不相邻的-CH 2-可以各自独立地被-O-、-CH＝CH-、-CH＝CF-或-CF＝CF-替代；MG1和MG2各自独立地表示介晶基元；X为C原子数为3-40的直链或支链亚烷基基团，其中，所述C原子数为3-40的直链或支链亚烷基基团中的一个或多个-CH 2-可以各自独立地被-O-、-CH(F)-、-CH(Cl)-或-CH＝CH-替代，所述替代的方式不包含两个-O-彼此相邻或两个双键彼此相邻；所述双介晶化合物占液晶组合物的10wt％-50wt％。
进一步地，所述二向色性染料能够互溶于所述液晶组合物，所述二向色性染料受液晶分子排列影响而形成一定的有序排列，所述二向色性染料的有序参数在0.1-1之间；所述二向色性染料占所述液晶组合物的0.01wt％-5wt％。
进一步地，所述二向色性染料是单一成分，所述二向色性染料的吸收峰在300nm-2500nm之间的任一波段。
进一步地，所述二向色性染料是由多种成分组成的混合物，所述每一组分的吸收峰在300nm-2500nm之间的任一波段，所述各组分的吸收峰不重叠。
进一步地，所述第一透明基材和第二透明基材为平板玻璃、钢化玻璃、半钢化玻璃，浮法玻璃、或者塑料基材膜。
进一步地，所述塑料基材膜选自PET膜、PI膜、PTFE膜、PP膜、PC膜、PVC膜、PE膜、PS膜、PA膜、PEN膜、PMMA膜、PBT膜中的至少一种。
进一步地，所述第一透明导电层和所述第二透明导电层的材料为金属氧化物薄膜、金属纳米线导电薄膜、金属网格、碳系导电薄膜中的任意一种。
进一步地，所述第一、第二透明导电层至少其中之一由至少一个可以独立施加电压的导电区域组成。
进一步地，还包括设置于所述第一透明导电基层和/或第二透明导电基层临近所述液晶层一侧的第一配向层和/或第二配向层。
进一步地，所述第一配向层和/或第二配向层的材料为聚酰亚胺、聚乙烯醇、聚酯、环氧树脂、聚氨酯、聚硅烷、聚苯乙烯及其衍生物中的任意一种。
进一步地，所述第一配向层和/或第二配向层的取向方式为摩擦取向法、光控取向法、倾斜蒸镀法、LB膜法中的任意一种。
进一步地，所述第一配向层和/或第二配向层的配向类型为IPS、TN、STN或VA型中的任意一种。
进一步地，所述第一配向层和/或第二配向层配向施加的操作为旋转涂膜法、浸泡法、凸版印刷法、喷涂法或狭缝涂布法中的任意一种。
进一步地，所述第一透明导电基层和所述第二透明导电基层之间设置有间隔材料，所述间隔材料选自树脂、玻璃纤维以及无机材料中的至少一种，间隔材料的形状可为球状、棒状或混合形状。
进一步地，所述液晶层的厚度为1-60μm。
进一步地，所述液晶层的厚度为5-50μm。
进一步地，所述液晶调光器件对入射于其上的可见光与近红外光可以处在至少三个状态：高清透、低雾度态，低着色、低雾度态与高着色、高雾度态。
进一步地，所述高清透、低雾度态通过持续施加于所述第一透明导电层与第二透明导电层之间的第一电压获得，此时所述调光器件中所述液晶层中的液晶分子大致垂直于所述第一透明导电层和第二透明导电层排列；所述低着色、低雾度态通过施加于所述第一透明导电层与所述第二透明导电层之间的第二电压获得，此时所述调光器件中所述液晶层中的液晶分子大致平行于所述第一透明导电层和第二透明导电层且具有一定的螺旋结构排列；所述高着色、高雾度态通过施加于所述第一透明导电层与所述第二透明导电层之间的第三电压获得，此时所述调光器件中所述液晶层中的液晶分子呈现随机的焦锥状态排列。
进一步地，所述第一电压为持续电压，所述第二电压和所述第三电压为脉冲电压。
进一步地，所述第一电压是交变电压，所述交变电压的幅值为10-500V；所述交变电压的频率为20-10000Hz。
进一步地，所述第二电压是交变脉冲电压，所述交变脉冲电压由一个连续的脉冲或者多个不同或者相同的脉冲组成，所述交变脉冲电压的幅值为10-300V；所述第二电压的频率为20-10000Hz；所述第二电压的 脉冲宽度为0.01-300s。
进一步地，所述第三电压是交变脉冲电压，所述交变脉冲电压由一个连续的脉冲或者多个不同或者相同的脉冲组成，所述交变脉冲电压的幅值为10-300V；所述第三电压的频率为20-10000Hz；所述第三电压的脉冲宽度为0.01-300s。
进一步地，所述持续电压包括与脉冲电压组合的梯度电压。
进一步地，所述脉冲电压幅值、频率、脉冲宽度与所述第二电压和所述第三电压相同或不同。
进一步地，所述高清透、低雾度态透光率不低于30％，雾度不高于5％；所述低着色、低雾度态透光率不高于50％，雾度不高于10％；所述高着色、高雾度态透光率不高于40％，雾度不低于60％。
进一步地，所述高清透、低雾度态与低着色、低雾度态的透光率能够根据添加的二向色性染料的成分与浓度进行调节，所述高清透、低雾度态与低着色、低雾度态之间的对于一个特定波长或者波长范围的入射光其透过率的比值可以大于2:1。
为实现上述目的，本申请还提供了一种采用上述液晶调光器件得到的夹胶液晶调光器件，包括依次设置的第一基板、第一粘结层、液晶调光器件、第二粘结层和第二基板。
进一步地，所述第一粘结层和第二粘结层为可聚合的具有粘结性能的高分子化合物层，所述高分子化合物层选自PVB、EVA、SPU中的任何一种或多种。
进一步地，所述第一基板和所述第二基板采用相同或不同的材料。
进一步地，所述第一基板和所述第二基板的材料选自玻璃、钢化玻璃、Low-e玻璃、具有阻隔电磁波辐射的特种玻璃、塑料基材中的一种或者几种。
为实现上述目的，本申请还提供了一种采用上述液晶调光器件得到的中空液晶调光器件，包括依次设置的第一基板、液晶调光器件和第二基板，还包括位于所述第一基板与所述液晶调光器件和/或位于所述液晶调光器件与所述第二基板之间的中空空腔。
进一步地，所述中空空腔内为真空。
进一步地，所述中空空腔内填充有空气、惰性气体、气凝胶或液体中的任意一种或多种。
进一步地，所述中空空腔内设置有中空间隔材料。
进一步地，所述中空间隔材料采用聚合物、金属或非金属材质的条形、片状、柱状、球形的间隔材料的任意一种或多种。
进一步地，所述中空间隔材料通过胶黏剂粘结固定，所述胶黏剂为可聚合且对于玻璃、塑料基材具有粘结性能的高分子化合物，所述高分子化合物是PVB、EVA、SPU中的任何一种。
本申请的有益效果在于，本申请提供了一种液晶调光器件，通过在组分优化后的液晶组合物中添加二向色性染料，在单盒调光器件中同时实现隐私保护和明暗调节的功能，而且调光器件具有至少两个在电压撤离后依然稳定存在的状态，仅需脉冲电压切换，无需电压维持，功耗低；另外，本申请提供的调光器件明暗态的透过率对比度可优于常规染料液晶单盒的透过率对比度，同时，对比常规染料液晶具有较好的节能效果，提高了液晶调光器件在实际应用中的价值。
附图说明
图1为本申请中液晶调光器件的结构示意图；
图2为本申请中一些实施例的液晶调光器件工作原理示意图；
图3为本申请中液晶调光器件的驱动方法的示意图；
图4为实施例1中液晶调光器件采用准直光的紫外可见近红外透过光谱图；
图5为实施例2中液晶调光器件采用准直光的紫外可见近红外透过光谱图；
图6为实施例1中液晶调光器件采用积分球的紫外可见近红外透过光谱图；
图7为实施例2中液晶调光器件采用积分球的紫外可见近红外透过光谱图；
图8包含实施例1中的液晶调光器件在相应的驱动电压下处于(a)高清透、低雾度态，(b)低着色、低雾度态和(c)高着色、高雾度态时的照片；
图9为本申请中夹胶液晶调光器件的结构示意图；
图10为本申请中中空液晶调光器件的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请具体实施例及附图对本申请技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例，不用来限制本申请的范围。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护 的范围。
如图1所示，本申请提供的液晶调光器件100包括第一透明导电基层101、第二透明导电基层102以及设于所述第一透明导电基层101与所述第二透明导电基层102之间的液晶层103，所述第一透明导电基层101包括第一透明基材104和临近所述液晶层一侧设置的第一透明导电层105，所述第二透明导电基层102包括第二透明基材106和临近所述液晶层一侧设置的第二透明导电层107，作为优选的实施例，第一透明导电层105、第二透明导电层107至少其中之一由至少一个可以独立施加电压的导电区域组成；作为优选的实施例，所述液晶层103的厚度为1-60μm，作为进一步优选的实施例，所述液晶层103的厚度为5-50μm；所述液晶层包括液晶组合物和二向色性染料，所述液晶组合物包括向列相液晶组合物、手性化合物和双介晶化合物；所述液晶层受到第一透明导电基层101与第二透明导电基层102之间施加的电压而改变液晶层中液晶分子的排列状态，所述液晶分子排列状态存在至少两个在电压撤离后仍然保持基本稳定的稳定态，所述稳定态中至少一个是透过态，所述透过态对于入射于液晶层的光透过，所述稳定态中至少一个是遮蔽态，所述遮蔽态对于入射于液晶层的光能够同时吸收与散射。
本申请的液晶调光器件的工作原理如图2所示，箭头203标识光的路径；其中，由于界面与液晶弹性力相互作用，图2(a)液晶层在无外加电压时，液晶分子201大致平行于上下基板方向排列，二向色性染料分子202混溶于液晶并随液晶分子201排列，此时液晶分子、染料分子排列基本有序，形成基本均匀的、具有螺旋结构的平面态分子排列。当入射光入射到液晶层时，液晶层对光的调制能力取决于液晶和染料分子排列的有序度、染料分子浓度、螺旋距值，液晶层对于入射光偏振旋转方向与液晶螺旋结构方向基本一致的偏振光的吸收大于对于反方向旋转的偏振光的吸收，透过的光因而具有一定的旋转偏振特性，一般地，透过的光普遍性地具有一定的偏振特性。同时，由于液晶分子排列基本有序，液晶层对于入射其上的光散射较低，使得液晶调光器件呈现以光吸收、透过为主的低着色、低雾度态；
通过图2中第一透明导电基层101、第二透明导电基层102可以向液晶层施加任意形式的电压，电压参数取决于液晶分子的初始排列、介电各向异性及其之间的弹性作用力，外加电场足够大时能够使液晶分子201沿与外加电场方向大致平行方向排列，形成如图2(c)所示的液晶分子201以及随液晶分子201排列的二向色性染料分子202大致垂直于上下基板方向排列的状态。此时液晶、染料分子排列相对高度有序，液 晶层对于入射其上的光具有极低的吸收和极低的散射，使得液晶调光器件呈现以光透过为主的高清透、低雾度态；
在一定的范围内，由于液晶分子的比较强的扭矩、弹性作用，外加电场的施加能够使液晶层形成多个取向混乱的分子畴204。在每一个分子畴204内，液晶分子仍然具有基本有序的螺旋排列，而分子畴204之间的取向基本无序，如图2(b)液晶层所示。液晶层在外加电场撤离后时，这种多畴无序状态的分子排列能够长久地保持，形成一种稳定的液晶分子排列。当入射光入射到该液晶层上时，液晶分子的多畴结构能够对入射光产生强烈的散射，同时液晶分子的多畴特别是二向色性染料的无序排列能够对于入射光进行充分吸收，使得液晶层对于入射光整体形成较高的、与偏振方向基本无关系的吸收与散射，使得液晶调光器件呈现以光吸收、光散射为主的高着色、高雾度态。
根据本申请提供的液晶调光器件的工作原理，当通过第一透明导电层105、第二透明导电层107施加于液晶层103上的外加电压V改变时，具体的液晶分子排列及其切换速度会改变，与此同时入射于液晶层的光透过、吸收、散射状态以及调光器件的响应速度将会改变。另外，当外加电压的脉冲宽度改变时，特别是持续电压的施加，可以使液晶分子的排列逐渐有序，形成透过光通量、散射光通量不同的调光器件。
本申请提供一种液晶调光器件的驱动方法，所述驱动方法通过如图3所示的外加电压V实现。所述外加电压由连续的交变电压如图3(a)或者如图3(b)所示的单个或者多个交变电压脉冲组成。其中，本申请的调光器件对用于驱动的交变电压波形不做限制，可以选择正弦波、梯形波、阶梯波、方波、三角波、锯齿波中任意一种或多种。
根据上述工作原理与驱动方法，本申请提供一种获得高清透、低雾度态的驱动方法。无论调光器件处于何种状态，包括图2(a)所示的低着色、低雾度态和图2(b)所示的高着色、高雾度态，通过第一透明导电层105、第二透明导电层107向液晶层103施加如图3(a)所示的振幅足够高的交变电压使得液晶层的分子排列转换为图2(c)所示的垂直有序的分子排列状态，从而使本申请的液晶调光器件达到高清透、低雾度状态。如果图3(a)所示的外加电压持续施加，液晶层分子排列则持续保持在垂直、有序的图2(c)所示的分子排列状态，调光器件处于高清透、低雾度的状态。
根据上述工作原理与驱动方法，本申请提供一种获得低着色、低雾度态的驱动方法。通过第一透明导电层105、第二透明导电层107向液晶层103施加图3(b)所示的外加脉冲宽度t 1的电压V 1，当电压足够高 使其短暂地进入高度垂直有序排列的图2(c)所示的分子排列状态，液晶层103将经历短暂高清透、低雾度态的弛豫而在表面作用力与液晶分子之间的弹性作用力下回到液晶层分子基本有序的图2(a)所示的平面态，调光器件此时呈现低着色、低雾度的状态。这种状态在外加电压撤离后能够持续长久地保持稳定。由液晶、染料分子排列从垂直态恢复到平面态的弛豫过程取决于液晶材料的弹性特性。当液晶材料的弹性常数K 33≈K 22时，液晶、染料分子可以迅速从垂直态恢复到平面态，达到完美的平面态，具有极小的雾度。
根据上述工作原理与驱动方法，本申请提供一种获得高着色、高雾度态的驱动方法。当调光器件处于低着色、低雾度的平面态时，通过第一透明导电层105、第二透明导电层107向液晶层103施加图3(b)所示的外加脉冲宽度t 2的电压V 2，或者当调光器件处于高着色、高雾度的多畴不透明状态时，通过第一透明导电层105、第二透明导电层107向液晶层103施加图3(c)所示的外加脉冲电压系列，使其在t 2时首先进入液晶调光器件低着色、低雾度态，进而使得液晶层由基本有序快速转换为图2(b)所示的多畴无序的分子排列状态，从而使本申请的液晶调光器件达到高着色、高雾度状态，且脉冲过后断电依然能保持高着色、高雾度态状态稳定。
本申请的液晶组合物属于宾主型胆甾相液晶组合物，所谓宾主型胆甾相液晶组合物是把胆甾相液晶作为主体，在其中添加二向色性染料作为宾体，形成GH型胆甾相液晶材料，在宾主模式中，通过施加不同的电压改变液晶分子的排列状态，呈现出胆甾相液晶的光学特性，同时二向色性染料分子也将随着液晶取向而取向，呈现二向色性染料分子的吸收各向异性。
本申请采用的宾主型胆甾相液晶组合物包括向列相液晶组合物、手性化合物和双介晶化合物；作为优选的实施例，所述向列相液晶为具有向列相的液晶化合物或液晶混合物，所述向列相液晶组合物占液晶组合物的30wt％-90wt％。其中，向列相液晶组合物主要用于提供基础液晶参数，如相变点、折射率各向异性以及介电各向异性等，同时在向列相液晶组合物中添加的手性化合物可形成胆甾相液晶。
作为优选的实施例，所述手性化合物为手性液晶材料，所述手性化合物占液晶组合物的0.01wt％-30wt％；手性化合物能够调节胆甾相液晶的螺旋距P，由公式P＝1/(HTP*c)可知，其中HTP值为螺旋扭曲常数，c为手性化合物浓度，可通过选用不同HTP值的手性化合物或调整手性化合物浓度进行螺旋距P调节；螺旋距P影响平面态布拉格反射波段，根 据太阳光能谱图，为获得平面态与垂直态较高的太阳得热系数差值，一般将布拉格反射波段调节至太阳辐射能较强的可见近红外区；螺旋距P还会影响雾度，需控制一定的d/P值(d为液晶层厚度)，才可获得较高的雾态雾度，然而对于一般的手性向列相液晶，高d/P值易造成平面态缺陷，致使平面态雾度较高且不均匀，双介晶化合物的加入可以有效解决这一问题。
双介晶化合物是弹性常数调节剂，加入手性向列相液晶后，可以获得相对高的展曲弹性常数K 11、相对低的弯曲弹性常数K 33和相对低的挠曲弹性系数K 22，液晶分子从任意态驱动到垂直态的驱动电压与K 22平方根成正比，因此相对低的K 22可以获得相对低的垂直态驱动电压，此外，液晶分子从垂直态恢复到平面态时螺旋距从无穷大变为一个自然螺旋距，此时P′＝K 33/K 22*P，当K 33≈K 22时，液晶分子可以迅速从垂直态恢复到平面态，达到完美的平面态，具有极小的雾度。
作为优选的实施例，所述双介晶化合物为分子中包含两个介晶基元的液晶化合物，结构为R1-MG1-X-MG2-R2；
其中，R1、R2各自独立地表示-H、-F、-Cl或者C原子数为1-25的链烷基，作为进一步优选的实施例，所述C原子数为1-25的链烷基中的一个或多个H原子可以各自独立地被卤素取代，所述C原子数为1-25的链烷基中的一个或多个不相邻的-CH 2-可以各自独立地被-O-、-CH＝CH-、-CH＝CF-或-CF＝CF-替代；MG1和MG2各自独立地表示介晶基元；X为C原子数为3-40的直链或支链亚烷基基团，作为进一步优选的实施例，所述C原子数为3-40的直链或支链亚烷基基团中的一个或多个-CH 2-可以各自独立地被-O-、-CH(F)-、-CH(Cl)-或-CH＝CH-替代，所述替代的方式不包含两个-O-彼此相邻或两个双键彼此相邻；所述双介晶化合物占液晶组合物的10wt％-50wt％。
本申请的液晶层中还包括二向色性染料，作为优选的实施例，所述二向色性染料能够互溶于所述液晶组合物，所述二向色性染料受液晶分子排列影响而形成一定的有序排列，所述二向色性染料的有序参数在0.1-1之间；所述二向色性染料占所述液晶组合物的0.01wt％-5wt％；
二向色性染料可选择和使用已知的因所谓的宾主效应而根据液晶化合物的取向状态取向的常规染料，本申请不做具体限制；二向色性染料随液晶化合物取向特性采用有序参数来表示，二向色性染料的有序参数除与染料本身结构相关外，还与主体液晶的性质相关；一般来说，二向色性染料有序参数越高，随液晶取向排列有序性就越高，但由于现有二向色性染料有序参数小于1，因此尽管液晶分子基本上多能随电场取向， 但总有一部分染料分子不能随液晶分子一起完全取向，这部分染料分子要吸收一部分的光，因此实际上即便在高清透的垂直态也有一些弱吸收。一般来说，有序参数越大，垂直态与平面态或焦锥态的对比度越高，因此为获得较高的对比度，一般选用高有序参数的二向色性染料，同时还应考虑二向色性染料在主体液晶的溶解性、消光系数、光热稳定性及电阻率等。此外，太阳辐射动态调节范围受二向色性染料成分及含量的影响，染料成分及含量适当时，能够实现对于入射于其上的准直光最大透过率状态与最小透过率状态的差值大于50％；进一步的，能够实现对于入射于其上的准直光最大透过率状态与最小透过率状态的差值大于60％；当染料含量足够高时，入射于其上的准直光最大透过率可降低至小于30％，对应的对于入射于其上的准直光最大透过率状态与最小透过率状态的差值也将有所降低。
作为优选的实施例，二向色性染料优选为两种或更多种，更优选为三种或更多种的二向色性染料，以执行不同颜色的设置，所述二色性染料类别以及二色性染料的精确混合方式属于本领域技术人员所已知的，本申请不做特别限制。
作为优选的实施例，所述二向色性染料是单一成分，所述二向色性染料的吸收峰在300nm-2500nm之间的任一波段；所述二向色性染料还可以是由多种成分组成的混合物，所述每一组分的吸收峰在300nm-2500nm之间的任一波段，所述各组分的吸收峰不重叠。
作为优选的实施例，所述第一透明基材和第二透明基材为平板玻璃、钢化玻璃、半钢化玻璃，浮法玻璃、或者塑料基材膜；作为进一步优选的实施例，所述塑料基材膜选自PET膜、PI膜、PTFE膜、PP膜、PC膜、PVC膜、PE膜、PS膜、PA膜、PEN膜、PMMA膜、PBT膜中的至少一种，但本申请不限于此。
作为优选的实施例，所述第一透明导电层和所述第二透明导电层的材料为金属氧化物薄膜、金属纳米线导电薄膜、金属网格、碳系导电薄膜中的任意一种。作为优选的实施例，所述液晶调光器件还包括设置于所述第一透明导电基层和/或第二透明导电基层临近所述液晶层一侧的第一配向层和/或第二配向层；作为进一步优选的实施例，所述第一配向层和/或第二配向层的材料为聚酰亚胺、聚乙烯醇、聚酯、环氧树脂、聚氨酯、聚硅烷、聚苯乙烯及其衍生物中的任意一种；作为进一步优选的实施例，所述第一配向层和/或第二配向层的取向方式为摩擦取向法、光控取向法、倾斜蒸镀法、LB膜法中的任意一种；作为进一步优选的实施例，所述第一配向层和/或第二配向层的配向类型为IPS、TN、STN或VA 型中的任意一种；作为进一步优选的实施例，所述第一配向层和/或第二配向层配向施加的操作为旋转涂膜法、浸泡法、凸版印刷法、喷涂法或狭缝涂布法中的任意一种，但本申请不限于此。
作为优选的实施例，所述第一透明导电基层和所述第二透明导电基层之间设置有间隔材料，所述间隔材料选自树脂、玻璃纤维以及无机材料中的至少一种，间隔材料的形状可为球状、棒状或混合形状。
作为优选的实施例，所述液晶调光器件对入射于其上的可见光与近红外光可以处在至少三个状态：高清透、低雾度态，低着色、低雾度态与高着色、高雾度态；作为进一步优选的实施例，所述高清透、低雾度态通过持续施加于所述第一透明导电层与第二透明导电层之间的第一电压获得，此时所述调光器件中所述液晶层中的液晶分子以及染料分子吸收轴大致垂直于所述第一透明导电层和第二透明导电层排列；所述低着色、低雾度态通过施加于所述第一透明导电层与所述第二透明导电层之间的第二电压获得，此时所述调光器件中所述液晶层中的液晶分子及染料分子吸收轴大致平行于所述第一透明导电层和第二透明导电层且具有一定的螺旋结构排列，为吸收、透过的平面态，满足布拉格反射特性，能够反射λ＝nP波段的光，其中n为液晶平均折射率，P为胆甾型液晶螺旋距；所述高着色、高雾度态通过施加于所述第一透明导电层与所述第二透明导电层之间的第三电压获得，此时所述调光器件中所述液晶层中的液晶分子呈现随机的焦锥状态排列，为吸收、散射态，具有良好的遮蔽效果。
作为更进一步优选的实施例，所述高清透、低雾度态透光率不低于30％，雾度不高于5％；所述低着色、低雾度态透光率不高于50％，雾度不高于10％；所述高着色、高雾度态透光率不高于40％，雾度不低于60％；
作为更进一步优选的实施例，所述高清透、低雾度态与低着色、低雾度态的透光率能够根据添加的二向色性染料的成分与浓度进行调节，所述高清透、低雾度态与低着色、低雾度态之间的对于一个特定波长或者波长范围的入射光其透过率的比值可以大于2:1。
作为优选的实施例，所述第一电压为持续电压，所述第二电压和所述第三电压为脉冲电压。作为更进一步优选的实施例，所述第一电压是交变电压，所述交变电压的幅值为10-500V；所述交变电压的频率为20-10000Hz；所述第二电压是交变脉冲电压，所述交变脉冲电压由一个连续的脉冲或者多个不同或者相同的脉冲组成，所述交变脉冲电压的幅值为10-300V；所述第二电压的频率为20-10000Hz；所述第二电压的脉冲宽度为0.01-300s；所述第三电压是交变脉冲电压，所述交变脉冲电 压由一个连续的脉冲或者多个不同或者相同的脉冲组成，所述交变脉冲电压的幅值为10-300V；所述第三电压的频率为20-10000Hz；所述第三电压的脉冲宽度为0.01-300s；作为进一步优选的实施例，所述持续电压包括与脉冲电压组合的梯度电压，以实现高清透、低雾度态先高压驱动，后低压维持的目的，以降低功耗；作为更进一步优选的实施例，所述脉冲电压幅值、频率、脉冲宽度与所述第二电压和所述第三电压相同或不同。
为进一步实现本申请的目的，本申请还提供了一种采用上述液晶调光器件得到的夹胶液晶调光器件，如图9所示，包括依次设置的第一基板901、第一粘结层902、液晶调光器件100、第二粘结层903和第二基板904。
作为优选的实施例，所述第一粘结层902和第二粘结层903为可聚合的具有粘结性能的高分子化合物层，所述高分子化合物层选自PVB、EVA、SPU中的任何一种或多种，但本申请不限于此。
作为优选的实施例，所述第一基板901和所述第二基板904采用相同或不同的材料；作为进一步优选的实施例，所述第一基板和所述第二基板的材料选自玻璃、钢化玻璃、Low-e玻璃、具有阻隔电磁波辐射的特种玻璃、塑料基材中的一种或者几种。
为进一步实现本申请的目的，本申请还提供了一种采用上述液晶调光器件得到的中空液晶调光器件，如图10所示，包括依次设置的第一基板901、液晶调光器件100和第二基板904，还包括位于所述第一基板与所述液晶调光器件和/或位于所述液晶调光器件与所述第二基板之间的中空空腔1001。
作为优选的实施例，所述中空空腔1001内为真空或中空空腔内填充有空气、惰性气体、气凝胶或液体中的任意一种或多种；作为进一步优选的实施例，所述中空空腔内设置有中空间隔材料1002；作为更进一步优选的实施例，所述中空间隔材料采用聚合物、金属或非金属材质的条形、片状、柱状、球形的间隔材料的任意一种或多种；作为更进一步优选的实施例，所述中空间隔材料通过胶黏剂粘结固定，所述胶黏剂为可聚合且对于玻璃、塑料基材具有粘结性能的高分子化合物，所述高分子化合物是PVB、EVA、SPU中的任何一种，但本申请不限于此。
在本申请且尤其在以下实施例中，还将液晶组合物中的基团结构进行了代码标识；表1展示了用于向列相液晶组合物以及双介晶化合物的基团结构及代码；
表1液晶组合物基团结构代码
Figure PCTCN2022119916-appb-000001
其中,“5PPN”，按照表1的命名原则，其对应的结构为：
Figure PCTCN2022119916-appb-000002
“n＝3”，按照按照表1的命名原则，其对应的结构为：-C 3H 7。
本申请中，还提供了添加到液晶组合物中的手性化合物的结构分子式、相应代码及HTP值，结果示于表2。
表2添加到液晶组合物中的手性化合物的结构分子式、代码及HTP值
Figure PCTCN2022119916-appb-000003
本申请中，还提供了添加到液晶组合物中的二向色性染料的代码及有序参数，结果示于表3；其中有序参数可以采用如下方法测定：将二向色性染料混入下述预备例1中的向列相液晶组合物中，配置成质量浓度为1％的染料混晶，120℃下充分搅拌1h；将染料混晶冷却至室温后分别灌入两只10μm上下表面逆平行摩擦取向的液晶盒中，在偏振光分别平行和垂直于液晶盒摩擦取向时，测得A //和A ⊥，代入下述公式计算得到有序参数；
Figure PCTCN2022119916-appb-000004
表3添加到液晶组合物中的二向色性染料的代码及有序参数
代码 组分 有序参数
R1 由三种组分混合黑色 0.79
R2 由三种组分混合黑色 0.78
R3 由二种组分混合深蓝色 0.71
实例
本申请提供了3组预备例和14组实施例来展示本公开的装置和方法，分别示于表4-6以及表7中；其中，预备例1-3分别表示不同组成的向列相液晶组合物；应当指出的是，以下实施例仅是说明性的并且不旨在将本公开限制于本文所阐明的材料、条件或工艺参数。
预备例1
表4向列相液晶组合物配方1
组成代码 含量/％
5PPN 25
2PPN 9.3
5OPPN 19
6OPPN 9.3
3PGPN 20
5CPPN 11
5PPPN 5.6
预备例2
表5向列相液晶组合物配方2
组成代码 含量/％
5PPN 19
2PPN 7.4
5OPPN 11
6OPPN 4.6
3PGPN 19
5CPPN 11
5PPPN 10
5PGP 22QP 22F 3.7
4PGP 22QP 22F 3.7
预备例3
表6向列相液晶组合物配方3
组成代码 含量/％
5PPN 19
2PPN 7.4
5OPPN 11
6OPPN 46
3PGPN 19
3PP(2-F)PN 13
5CPPN 10
5PPPN 15
5PGP 22QP 22F 3.7
实施例1-14
表7实施例1-14中液晶组合物配方
Figure PCTCN2022119916-appb-000005
为验证本申请提供的技术方案具有优异的技术效果，将各实施例中液晶化合物制作成相应的液晶调光器件，并对其性能进行了测试。
(1)液晶调光器件结构
实施例1-5和实施例8-14的液晶调光器件中，透明导电基层为ITO透明玻璃，配向层为VA型，采用摩擦取向法进行取向；液晶层厚度为20μm，支撑结构为球状的聚苯乙烯间隔子，其占液晶组合物的0.2wt％；
区别于实施例1-5以及实施例8-14，实施例6的液晶调光器件中，配向层为IPS型，采用上下逆平行摩擦进行取向，液晶层厚度为15μm；实施例7的液晶调光器件中，配向层为VA型，液晶层厚度为10μm。
(2)透过率及雾度评估
将液晶调光器件置于25℃恒温30分钟以上，采用脉冲电压将其驱动至低着色、低雾度态以及高着色、高雾度态，采用持续电压将其驱动至高清透、低雾度态，后采用WGT-S雾度仪测量透过率和雾度，并计算对比度，所述对比度为两态最大透过率比值，即D1＝T(高清透、低雾度态)/T(低着色、低雾度态)，D2＝T(高清透、低雾度态)/T(高着色、高雾度态)，结果示于表8，其中T表示透过率，H表示雾度。
表8实施例1-14制得的液晶调光器件的透过率、雾度及对比度
Figure PCTCN2022119916-appb-000006
(3)雾度稳定性测试
将液晶调光器件置于25℃环境箱恒温30分钟以上，选取合适的电压分别驱动至低着色、低雾度态和高着色、高雾度态，然后置于25℃环境箱放置16小时，取出后采用WGT-S雾度仪测量透过率和雾度，结果示于表9。
表9实施例1-14的制得的液晶调光器件的放置16小时后的透过率和雾度
Figure PCTCN2022119916-appb-000007
由表8-9数据可知，本申请的调光器件能够在单盒器件中同时实现明暗调节和雾度调节，其中，高清透、低雾度态透过率不低于30％，雾度不高于5％，理想地，雾度不高于1％；低着色、低雾度态透过率不高于 50％，雾度不高于10％，理想地，雾度不高于2％；高着色、高雾度态透过率不高于40％，雾度不低于60％，理想地，雾度不低于75％；此外，低着色、低雾度态和高着色、高雾度态均为稳态，状态切换仅需脉冲电压，几乎零功耗，撤离电压后依然能长时间保持状态稳定，理想地，放置16小时后雾度变化不超过5％，更理想地，放置16小时后雾度变化不超过2％，具有断电安全且雾度稳定性佳的特性优势。
由表8所示的对比度可知，本申请的单盒调光器件当液晶及染料成分、染料浓度、盒厚、界面条件适当时，高清透、低雾度态与低着色、低雾度态之间的对于特定波长或者波长范围内的入射光其透过率对比度可以大于2，优于普通GH型向列相单盒器件明暗态的透过率对比度，这是由于手性剂的加入使得平面态具有一定的螺旋结构，当螺旋距较小时，液晶分子在相同厚度的液晶层中旋转的圈数增加，多层反射有利于吸收入射光，高着色、高雾度态由于吸收、散射共同作用的影响使得其透光率较低着色、低雾度态进一步降低，从而使得高清透、低雾度态与高着色、高雾度态之间的对于特定波长或者波长范围内的入射光其透过率对比度进一步增大，相同情况下可以大于3，同时可预见的能够通过提高二向色性染料有序参数实现更高的对比度。
由图4-5可知，本申请中液晶调光器件的高着色、高雾度态403在300nm-650nm准直光透过率≤3％，650nm-1100nm准直光透过率≤7％，在紫外可见近红外区具有极低的准直光透光率，结合表8、表9数据，高着色、高雾度态403具有高雾度及雾度稳定性，可知本申请的调光器件具有优异的隐私保护功能；由图4-5可知，入射于其上的准直光最大透过率状态为高清透、低雾度态401，入射于其上的准直光最小透过率状态为高着色、高雾度态403，本申请中液晶调光器件的高清透、低雾度态401在400nm-650nm准直光透过率为66％-70％，650nm-1100nm准直光透过率为67-82％，对于入射于其上的准直光最大透过率状态与最小透过率状态的差值大于50％。实施例3-14紫外可见近红外准直光透过光谱具有可预见的与实施例1、实施例2相似的原理性效果，此处不再赘述。
由图6-7可知，本申请中液晶调光器件具有太阳辐射的动态调节范围，即高清透、低雾度态401全波段以透过为主，低着色、低雾度态402可见区吸收、近红外反射，此反射波段源于布拉格反射，在一些实施例中可以调整至可见、近红外、红外区；高着色、高雾度态403可见区吸收，近红外漫反射；对比普通的GH型向列相单盒器件，低着色、低雾度态402增加了宽反射波段，对比胆甾相双稳态调光器件以及PDLC雾度调光器件，低着色、低雾度态402增加了宽可见区吸收，具有更节能的效 果。实施例3-14紫外可见近红积分透过光谱具有可预见的与实施例1、实施例2相似的原理性效果，此处不再赘述。
图8示出了实施例1中液晶调光器件的工作效果图，图8(a)示出了在相应的驱动电压下其处于高清透、低雾度态，图8(b)示出了在相应的驱动电压下其处于低着色、低雾度态，图8(c)示出了在相应的驱动电压下其处于高着色、高雾度态。
虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施方式中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
上文所列出的一系列的详细说明仅仅是针对本发明的可行性实施方式的具体说明，它们并非用以限制本发明的保护范围，凡未脱离本发明技艺精神所作的等效实施方式或变更均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (38)

  1. 一种液晶调光器件，其特征在于，包括第一透明导电基层、第二透明导电基层以及设于所述第一透明导电基层与所述第二透明导电基层之间的液晶层，所述第一透明导电基层包括第一透明基材和临近所述液晶层一侧设置的第一透明导电层，所述第二透明导电基层包括第二透明基材和临近所述液晶层一侧设置的第二透明导电层，所述液晶层包括液晶组合物和二向色性染料，所述液晶组合物包括向列相液晶组合物、手性化合物和双介晶化合物；所述液晶层受到第一透明导电基层与第二透明导电基层之间施加的电压而改变液晶层中液晶分子的排列状态，所述液晶分子排列状态存在至少两个在电压撤离后仍然保持基本稳定的稳定态，所述稳定态中至少一个是透过态，所述透过态对于入射于液晶层的可见光准直透过光通量大于散射光通量，所述稳定态中至少一个是遮蔽态，所述遮蔽态对于入射于液晶层的可见光准直透过光通量小于所述透过态准直透过光通量。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述向列相液晶组合物为具有向列相的液晶化合物或液晶混合物，所述向列相液晶组合物占液晶组合物的30wt％-90wt％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述手性化合物为手性液晶材料，所述手性化合物占液晶组合物的0.01wt％-30wt％。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述双介晶化合物为分子中包含两个介晶基元的液晶化合物，结构为R1-MG1-X-MG2-R2，其中，R1、R2各自独立地表示-H、-F、-Cl或者C原子数为1-25的链烷基，其中，所述C原子数为1-25的链烷基中的一个或多个H原子可以各自独立地被卤素取代，所述C原子数为1-25的链烷基中的一个或多个不相邻的-CH 2-可以各自独立地被-O-、-CH＝CH-、-CH＝CF-或-CF＝CF-替代；MG1和MG2各自独立地表示介晶基元；X为C原子数为3-40的直链或支链亚烷基基团，其中，所述C原子数为3-40的直链或支链亚烷基基团中的一个或多个-CH 2-可以各自独立地被-O-、-CH(F)-、-CH(Cl)-或-CH＝CH-替代，所述替代的方式不包含两个-O-彼此相邻或两个双键彼此相邻；所述双介晶化合物占液晶组合物的10wt％-50wt％。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述二向色性染料能够互溶于所述液晶组合物，所述二向色性染料受液晶分子排列影响而形成一定的有序排列，所述二向色性染料的有序参数在0.1-1之 间；所述二向色性染料占所述液晶组合物的0.01wt％-5wt％。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述二向色性染料是单一成分，所述二向色性染料的吸收峰在300nm-2500nm之间的任一波段。
  7. 根据根据权利要求5所述的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述二向色性染料是由多种成分组成的混合物，所述每一组分的吸收峰在300nm-2500nm之间的任一波段，所述各组分的吸收峰不重叠。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述第一透明基材和第二透明基材为平板玻璃、钢化玻璃、半钢化玻璃、浮法玻璃、或者塑料基材膜。
  9. 根据权利8要求所述的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述塑料基材膜选自PET膜、PI膜、PTFE膜、PP膜、PC膜、PVC膜、PE膜、PS膜、PA膜、PEN膜、PMMA膜、PBT膜中的至少一种。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述第一透明导电层和所述第二透明导电层的材料为金属氧化物薄膜、金属纳米线导电薄膜、金属网格、碳系导电薄膜中的任意一种。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的调光器件，其特征在于，所述第一、第二透明导电层至少其中之一由至少一个可以独立施加电压的导电区域组成。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，还包括设置于所述第一透明导电基层和/或第二透明导电基层临近所述液晶层一侧的第一配向层和/或第二配向层。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述第一配向层和/或第二配向层的材料为聚酰亚胺、聚乙烯醇、聚酯、环氧树脂、聚氨酯、聚硅烷、聚苯乙烯及其衍生物中的任意一种。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述第一配向层和/或第二配向层的取向方式为摩擦取向法、光控取向法、倾斜蒸镀法、LB膜法中的任意一种。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述第一配向层和/或第二配向层的配向类型为IPS、TN、STN或VA型中的任意一种。
  16. 根据权利要求12所述的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述第一配向层和/或第二配向层配向施加的操作为旋转涂膜法、浸泡法、凸版印刷法、喷涂法或狭缝涂布法中的任意一种。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述第一 透明导电基层和所述第二透明导电基层之间设置有间隔材料，所述间隔材料选自树脂、玻璃纤维以及无机材料中的至少一种，间隔材料的形状可为球状、棒状或混合形状。
  18. 根据权利请求1所述的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述液晶层的厚度为1-60μm。
  19. 根据权利请求18所述的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述液晶层的厚度为5-50μm。
  20. 根据权利请求1-19中任一项所述的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述液晶调光器件对入射于其上的可见光与近红外光可以处在至少三个状态：高清透、低雾度态，低着色、低雾度态与高着色、高雾度态。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述高清透、低雾度态通过持续施加于所述第一透明导电层与第二透明导电层之间的第一电压获得；所述低着色、低雾度态通过施加于所述第一透明导电层与所述第二透明导电层之间的第二电压获得；所述高着色、高雾度态通过施加于所述第一透明导电层与所述第二透明导电层之间的第三电压获得。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述第一电压为持续电压，所述第二电压和所述第三电压为脉冲电压。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述第一电压是交变电压，所述交变电压的幅值为10-500V；所述交变电压的频率为20-10000Hz。
  24. 根据权利要求22所述的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述第二电压是交变脉冲电压，所述交变脉冲电压由一个连续的脉冲或者多个不同或者相同的脉冲组成，所述交变脉冲电压的幅值为10-300V；所述第二电压的频率为20-10000Hz；所述第二电压的脉冲宽度为0.01-300s。
  25. 根据权利要求22所述的的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述第三电压是交变脉冲电压，所述交变脉冲电压由一个连续的脉冲或者多个不同或者相同的脉冲组成，所述交变脉冲电压的幅值为10-300V；所述第三电压的频率为20-10000Hz；所述第三电压的脉冲宽度为0.01-300s。
  26. 根据权利要求22所述的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述持续电压包括与脉冲电压组合的梯度电压。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述脉冲电压幅值、频率、脉冲宽度与所述第二电压和所述第三电压相同或不同。
  28. 根据权利要求21所述的液晶调光器件：其特征在于，所述高清透、低雾度态透光率不低于30％，雾度不高于5％；所述低着色、低雾度 态透光率不高于50％，雾度不高于10％；所述高着色、高雾度态透光率不高于40％，雾度不低于60％。
  29. 一种夹胶液晶调光器件，其特征在于，包括依次设置的第一基板、第一粘结层、液晶调光器件、第二粘结层和第二基板，所述液晶调光器件为如权利要求1-28中任一项所述的液晶调光器件。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的夹胶液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述第一粘结层和第二粘结层为可聚合的具有粘结性能的高分子化合物层，所述高分子化合物层选自PVB、EVA、SPU中的任何一种或多种。
  31. 根据权利要求29所述的夹胶液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述第一基板和所述第二基板采用相同或不同的材料。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的夹胶液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述第一基板和所述第二基板的材料选自玻璃、钢化玻璃、Low-e玻璃、具有阻隔电磁波辐射的特种玻璃、塑料基材中的一种或者几种。
  33. 一种中空液晶调光器件，其特征在于，包括依次设置的第一基板、液晶调光器件和第二基板，还包括位于所述第一基板与所述液晶调光器件和/或位于所述液晶调光器件与所述第二基板之间的中空空腔，所述液晶调光器件为如权利要求1-28中任一项所述的液晶调光器件。
  34. 根据权利要求33所述的中空液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述中空空腔内为真空。
  35. 根据权利要求33所述的中空液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述中空空腔内填充有空气、惰性气体、气凝胶或液体中的任意一种或多种。
  36. 根据权利要求33所述的中空液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述中空空腔内设置有中空间隔材料。
  37. 根据权利要求36所述的中空液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述中空间隔材料采用聚合物、金属或非金属材质的条形、片状、柱状、球形的间隔材料的任意一种或多种。
  38. 根据权利要求36所述的中空液晶调光器件，其特征在于，所述中空间隔材料通过胶黏剂粘结固定，所述胶黏剂为可聚合且对于玻璃、塑料基材具有粘结性能的高分子化合物，所述高分子化合物是PVB、EVA、SPU中的任何一种。
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