TWI603023B - 模組化接頭及製造此接頭的方法 - Google Patents

模組化接頭及製造此接頭的方法 Download PDF

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TWI603023B
TWI603023B TW101101615A TW101101615A TWI603023B TW I603023 B TWI603023 B TW I603023B TW 101101615 A TW101101615 A TW 101101615A TW 101101615 A TW101101615 A TW 101101615A TW I603023 B TWI603023 B TW I603023B
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elements
joint
main
components
face
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TW201250146A (en
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喬治 華明林格
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喬治費雪導管系統股份有限公司
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L13/00—Non-disconnectible pipe-joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints
    • F16L13/02—Welded joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/26—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics for branching pipes; for joining pipes to walls; Adaptors therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5223—Joining tubular articles for forming corner connections or elbows, e.g. for making V-shaped pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5224—Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/52241—Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52291—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop
    • B29C66/52292—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop said stop being internal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L43/00—Bends; Siphons
    • F16L43/008—Bends; Siphons made from plastic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/26—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics for branching pipes; for joining pipes to walls; Adaptors therefor
    • F16L47/32—Branch units, e.g. made in one piece, welded, riveted
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
    • B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2027/06—PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2055/00—Use of specific polymers obtained by polymerisation reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in a single one of main groups B29K2023/00 - B29K2049/00, e.g. having a vinyl group, as moulding material
    • B29K2055/02—ABS polymers, i.e. acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2077/00—Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
    • B29K2101/12—Thermoplastic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/24—Pipe joints or couplings
    • B29L2031/243—Elbows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/24—Pipe joints or couplings
    • B29L2031/246—T-joints
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Non-Disconnectible Joints And Screw-Threaded Joints (AREA)

Description

模組化接頭及製造此接頭的方法
本發明係有關於一種具有模組化結構的可熔接熱塑性塑膠接頭，包含複數個元件，至少一個主要元件及至少一個連接元件。
接頭被視為是管線中的接合件，其將管件互相接合在一起，並在如此進行下可提供其它的功能，例如說改變要接合在一起的管部件的方向。在安裝管線時，必須要使用接頭，或是用以提供管線中的支路，或是透過在管路上裝設彎折部而將管路轉向。在塑膠管線中，該等接頭通常是由射出成形製造的。自經濟的觀點來看，只要需要大量單元時，射出成形方法是用來製造接頭的理想方法；使用射出成形法會需要有射出成形模具，其係非常複雜，因此在製造上相當昂貴。因此必須要製造大數量的件，以供分攤射出成形模具的成本。只有將欲製造成零件以大數量方式製造才能讓每一零件的模具成本保持極低。但是，在極小製造數量的情形下，額外分攤的射出成形模具成本會將每個零件的價格推至極高，因此個別零件將無法銷售，或者製造該等零件之製造商將不會有意願製造，因為該等零件將無法涵蓋製造成本。此等接頭通常會有很少會用到的大直徑。
已知此類大直徑接頭可以由可熔接塑膠製成的管路部 件熔接在一起，換言之，該接頭包含有複數個切割成正確尺寸的個別管件，其等再熔接在一起。例如說，就T形接頭而言，現有的管子是先個別地在一側末端分割或切割成所要的尺寸，而在二根管子環周的一半切出45°的斜切口，其等再熔接在一起，而做為該T形接頭中間件的管子則先斜切至一個可供其熔接至該二相對於該中間件呈90°錯開之管子上的點。這會使得熔接縫延伸至該T形接頭的角落處。以此種方式製造的接頭並不適於承受標稱的壓力，因此這些位置上的接合縫必須要曝露於極高的負載，因此無法滿足於需求。再者，由於必須為管子做熔接的準備作業，製程會相當的耗時。
美國專利第3,873,391號揭露一種用以製造例如T形件之類的塑膠管接頭的方法。該方法須透過製造互補斜切外形並將要互接之塑膠管接合在一起而形成所需之接頭，進而成形出塑膠管部件。邊緣要以例如說黏著劑暫時地固定在要接合的位置處。接著施用例如聚氨酯彈性材料的液態混合物，最好是噴灑至該等斜切輪廓之區域處的外側表面上。固化後即可形成堅固但稍微有彈性的一層，其可將塑膠管部件固定在一起。
此等接頭的缺點是一方面它們在製造上非常複雜，而另一方面，由於接合該等塑膠管所用的方法的緣故，該等接頭並不適合於較高的壓力。
本發明的目的是要提出一種塑膠接頭及相關的製造方法，其對於極短製程運作亦可經濟可行的，且滿足於壓力抗性及管路內部表面處理的需求。
此目的可根據本發明來達成，其在於元件具有以相對於中心軸線以直角延伸的端面(end surface)，且該等元件係僅在端面互相熔接在一起。
由於此接頭僅包含有繞著環周延伸的接縫，因此它們可符合於較高標稱壓力抗性的需求，並可直接安裝於管路系統內，這在此之前並無法使用由管部件熔接而成的接頭，因為它們將無法承受標稱壓力抗性的需求。這是因為例如說它們在長度方向上沿著環周延伸的熔接縫並無法承受較高的壓力。再者，由於此種幾何結構之故，只會形成小的熔接縫，其等幾乎不需要進行任何內徑的重工，因為它們的小尺寸幾乎不會在管子內造成阻力。但是，如果必須要去除掉內側的熔接縫的話，它們可以簡易而快速地去除掉。
由於此接頭模組化的本質之故，可以在不會對於成本有不利響影下製造出許多不同變化的接頭。以此方式，即使是極短的運轉亦可在經濟上可行的代價下為之。用來做為基礎建構模塊的主要元件是射出成形法製造的，其上可依需要熔接不同的連接元件。例如說，一主要的T形件可以射出成形法製造，其上可以熔接由例如射出法製造的平直連接元件，而重工後的管部件亦可用來做為平直連接元件。以其它方法製造的連接元件亦可應用於此目的上。因 此可免除掉許多連接元件所需的昂貴射出成形模具，或者在以射出成形法加工的情形中，可以透過製造較多數量的連接元件而使成本保持極低，因為它們適用於所有具有相同直徑的各種形式主要元件。
因此相對於以前使用熔接接頭的情形而言，其可以在接縫區域內額外增進壓力的抗性及較大的負載能力，主要元件及連接元件的壁厚在主要元件與連接元件間之斷開或接縫處之區域是厚於在連接元件間之斷開或接縫處而要供管路連接至其上的區域的壁厚。
為確保主要元件與連接元件間無困擾的相容性，必須要斷開處具有與端面相同的幾何形狀，為此因素之故，連接元件及主要元件的端面是具有圓形結構。
根據本發明的接頭最好具有300mm的最小標稱直徑，該標稱直徑是關聯於內徑。雖然事實上可以提供較小尺寸的模組化接頭，但大數量而較小內徑的接頭意味著相關之配合於表面處理過之接頭的射出成形模具在經濟上是不可行的，因此根據本發明的接頭幾乎無法應用至小於300mm的內徑上。
一較佳實施例包含有由以下之塑膠來製造該接頭：PVDF、PP、PE、PVC、ABS、PB、PA、PFA、或ECTFE，因為它們極適合於熔接作業，且係管路構造中已知的標準材料。
根據本發明之接頭的另一較佳實施例包含具有T形形狀的主要元件。透過熔接適當或必要的連接元件，一應用 於管路中做為支路的T形接頭可以完全在工廠內預先製造。任何所需的連接元件可以熔接至該主要元件上，唯一的要求是它們在斷開處要具有相同的直徑。
另一種較佳實施例包含有主要元件，其中包括有一弧形部件的形狀，最好是45°的弧形部件。此一實施例使其可以將管路個別地安裝於任何角度。可以例如說將二個形主要元件熔接在一起而得到較大的圓弧角度。只要主要元件熔接在一起後，即可將連接元件結合至各末端上。預製之弧形部件或主要元件的角度可以任意地選擇，但在此同樣的，主要元件可由射出成形便利地製造，因此針對不同角度的每一弧形部件必須要製造專用的射出成形模具，銳角或小角度的弧形部件可只需一個射出成形模具，不同的圓弧角度可透過將能夠接合在一起的弧形部件或主要元件熔接而成。這當然會造成相對應數量的熔接縫。
以不同的實施例來製造連接元件也是有利的，亦即是將它們配合於應用在其等上的需求來製造。例如說，如果要連接至一T形主要元件的管路具有比已經裝配在主要T形元件上者為小的直徑時，則可將具有縮減結構的連接元件熔接至該T形主要元件上。歸因於該縮減的連接元件，其因此可以連接較小直徑的管路。當然可以想像得到能連接至較大直徑管子上的連接元件，例如一膨大的連接元件。
連接元件的另一種可想像得到的實施例是一儀器連接元件，其可以連接至一儀器上，例如說流量感測器或溫度 感測器。
平直連接元件是一般會使用的，歸因於許多種製造方法之故，例如說射出成形、將一管的一部份切割下來等等，其最適合滿足於具有所需數量的單元，因此可以提供較大的經濟效益。
根據本發明之接頭的模組化結構的另一項優點在於一連接元件可構造成具有突緣的短管末端，例如說供一閥使用，可直接熔接至主要元件上。這可得到極密集的安裝大小，因為該短管末端的端面與平行其延伸的T形主要元件中心軸線間的距離相當短，而尺寸正確的短管末端可以直接熔接至主要T形元件的端面上。習用的T形接頭具有較長的連接件，因為完成後的T形接頭是構造成具有平直的連接部，以供一管便捷地連接至其上。如果不是這樣的情形的話，則可在其上裝設一適當尺寸的轉接部件，因此所需之T形接頭的裝設尺寸會因適當地轉接至後方零組件或接頭而變長。此一長距離會例如說對於水的品質造成不利的影響。由於水會停止於支路內介質非固定流通過的該等死空間內，會有利於微生物在該處發展，而在稍後重新流通後伴隨著該介質流動，而模組化設計的較短連接長度則極為有利。為了使死空間的尺寸減至最小，該預組立連接元件或短管末端之端面和與該預組立連接元件或短管末端之端面平行延伸的中心軸線之間的距離，較對應的接頭之標稱直徑為短。
連接元件的再另一種實施例當然也可以想像得出且可 行的。歸因於該接頭的模組化本質之故，這些實施例幾乎是沒有限制的。
本發明的方法包含有元件設有相對於中心軸線以直角延伸的端面，且該等元件係只在該等端面處互相熔接在一起。
本方法包含有該等元件在工廠內僅沿著相對於中心軸線以直角的端面的環周互相熔接在一起。由於熔接縫是在工廠內產生的，因此是預製造的，其可以確保良好熔接接頭的最佳品質，這對於接頭或熔接縫抵抗壓力具有正面的影響。再者，此接頭是直接應用於管路的安裝上，可以使用一般的熔接機器熔接起來。
下面將配合圖式來說明本發明的範例性實施例，但本發明並不僅侷限於這些範例性實施例。
第1圖顯示出根據本發明之接頭的模組化本質及製造步驟。左邊的圖顯示出一主要元件2，其具有T形的結構。主要元件2基本上是由射出成形法製造的，因為主要元件2構成一種基本建構模塊，其可承受大的負荷，且其上可熔接各種結構的連接元件3或其它的主要元件2。中間的圖則進一步顯示出可以熔接至主要元件2上的連接元件3。在所示的實施例中是使用平直的連接元件3。具有相對應直徑的任何連接元件2的實施例當然可以接合至例如縮減的連接元件10或儀器的連接元件11等。連接元件 3可以利用它們呈圓形而以直角相對於中心軸線8延伸的端面5來熔接至主要元件2、9的端面4上，該端面同樣是圓形而以直角相對於中心軸線8延伸。連接元件3是建構成讓壁厚在端面5增大或較厚些(未顯示)。基於該等接頭是在工廠內以最佳狀況製造的，因此熔接縫可以具有可能的最好品質，且所產生的應力如果沒能完全消除，亦能減輕。這即可確保更佳的作業可靠度。連接元件3的端面6在安裝此接頭1時會接合至管線上。第1圖中右邊的圖顯示出在工廠內完全熔接好的接頭1。
第2圖顯示出主要元件9的另一實施例。此主要元件9具有弧形結構，可供在管線系統中改變方向。所顯示的該弧形部件或主要元件9具有一45°角，其在許多情形中是用以將管路或系統轉向的理想弧形部件。當然也可以製造任何所需的角度，所需要有的只是先製造出相對應的射出成形模。採用會經常使用的角度是較合理的作法。第2圖中清楚地顯示出壁厚度是朝向端面4逐漸加厚的；如同先前針對T形主要元件2所討論的，這可形成具有較大負載能力的熔接縫。同樣可以將二個主要元件9直接互相熔接在一起。此系統的模組化本質可以使其可以做各種接合的變化；所需要僅是它們要具有相同的連接直徑。第3圖顯示出該種接合情形；二個主要元件9，在此例中為二個45°弧形部件，熔接在一起而構成一個90°圓弧角，而所需的連接元件3則結合至二側末端。第4圖顯示出一接頭1，包含有一個熔接固定的縮減連接元件10，做為可與具 有較相對以直角延伸之管路為小之直徑的管路接合的連接元件。在所有的情形中均以平直連接元件3固定於T形主要元件2的另外二端面4。其它的連接元件3也是可行的。
另一種連接元件3顯示於第5圖內。在此例中同樣以一具有特殊結構的連接元件11熔接至T形主要元件2上，其適合用以連接儀器，例如說流量感測器或溫度感測器。在此也可以將該儀器連接元件11再固著至另一主要元件2，或是在該主要元件2上再熔接另一個儀器連接元件11。
第6圖顯示出包含有一T形主要元件2的模組化接頭。在主要元件2的二相對端面4每一者上設置有一平直連接元件3。該錯開90°的連接以直接熔接至主要元件2上的方式設有一具有突緣12’的預組立連接元件或短管末端，其可直接熔接至主要元件2上而不需要使用任何轉接件。以此方式，中心軸線8與該錯開90°之連接中的短管末端12的端面間的距離14可以保持相當短，這對於死空間(dead space)13或者在沒有介質流通過之分路的情形中對於不流動介質，會有正面的影響。通常，該距離14會短於相對應接頭的標稱直徑。因為較小的死空間13會造成較少的不流動死水。如第6圖中所示，不流動的死水是因為下游側的截流閥15關閉所致，因此沒有介質會流通過該支路。接頭或其它的連接組件當然是可以構想出的。一預組立連接元件是根據這些組件而製造的，並熔接 至主要元件上2。
1‧‧‧接頭
2‧‧‧(T形)主要元件
3‧‧‧(平直)連接元件
4‧‧‧端面
5‧‧‧端面
6‧‧‧端面
7‧‧‧熔接縫
8‧‧‧中心軸線
9‧‧‧(弧形)主要元件
10‧‧‧(縮減)連接元件
11‧‧‧(儀器)連接元件
12‧‧‧連接元件、短管末端
12’‧‧‧突緣
13‧‧‧死空間
14‧‧‧距離
15‧‧‧截流閥
第1圖是模組化製造接頭的剖面圖，係配合一T形主要元件顯示出其步驟。
第2圖是弧形主要元件的剖面圖。
第3圖是二個分別為45°之弧形主要元件互相接合在一起剖面圖。
第4圖是熔接著一縮減連接元件及二平直連接元件的T形主要元件的縱向剖面圖。
第5圖是結合一儀器連接元件及二平直連接元件的T形主要元件的縱向剖面圖。
第6圖是熔接著一具有突緣之短管末端及二平直連接元件的T形主要元件的縱向剖面圖。
1‧‧‧接頭
2‧‧‧(T形)主要元件
3‧‧‧(平直)連接元件
4‧‧‧端面
5‧‧‧端面
6‧‧‧端面
7‧‧‧熔接縫
8‧‧‧中心軸線

Claims (7)

  1. 一種模組化接頭(1)，該模組化接頭(1)具有300mm的最小標稱直徑且由可熔接、熱塑性的材料製成，包含複數元件(2、3、9、10、11、12)，包括至少一個主要元件(2、9)及至少一個連接元件(3、10、11、12)，其中該複數元件(2、3、9、10、11、12)中之每一者皆具有端面(4、5)，以直角但未沿著末端突緣延伸至中心軸線(8)，且該複數元件(2、3、9、10、11、12)僅於該端面(4、5)處互相熔接在一起，其特徵在於該主要元件(2、9)為T形或弧形，且該複數元件(2、3、9、10、11、12)的壁厚在至少一個該主要元件(2、9)及至少一個該連接元件(3、10、11、12)之間於端面(4、5)的區域或熔接縫(7)的區域中漸增。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項的模組化接頭(1)，其中該連接元件(3、10、11、12)在其該端面之區域處的壁厚較該連接元件(3、10、11、12)之相對的端面(6)之區域處的壁厚為厚。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項的模組化接頭(1)，其中該複數元件(2、3、9、10、11)的端面(4，5)為圓形。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項的模組化接頭(1)，其中該接頭(1)是由塑膠材料所製造的，而該塑膠材料選自 於由：PVDF、PP、FE、PVC、ABS、PB、PA、PFA、和ECTFE所構成的族群。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第4項的模組化接頭(1)，其中本身為該複數元件之一的預組立之該連接元件或短管末端(12)之端面和與預組立之該連接元件或短管末端(12)之端面平行延伸的中心軸線(8)之間的距離(14)短於對應的模組化接頭之標稱直徑。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項的模組化接頭(1)，其中該連接元件(3)被建構為平直的連接元件(3)、縮減的連接元件(10)、儀器的連接元件(12)、或具有突緣(12’)的短管末端(12)。
  7. 一種製造模組化接頭(1)的方法，該模組化接頭(1)具有300mm的最小標稱直徑且由可熔接、熱塑性的材料製成，包含複數元件(2、3、9、10、11、12)，包括至少一主要元件(2、9)及至少一連接元件(3、10、11、12)，該方法包括下列步驟：在該複數元件(2、3、9、10、11、12)中之每一者提供端面(4、5)，以直角但未沿著末端突緣延伸至中心軸線(8)；以及使該複數元件(2、3、9、10、11、12)僅於端面(4、5)處互相熔接在一起，其特徵在於該主要元件(2、9)為T形或弧形，且該複數元件(2、3、9、10、11、12)的壁厚在至少一個該主要元件(2、9)及至少一個該連接元件(3、 10、11、12)之間於端面(4、5)的區域或熔接縫(7)的區域中漸增。
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JP2721448B2 (ja) * 1991-11-29 1998-03-04 東京瓦斯株式会社 電気融着式管継手及びその製法

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KR20140007906A (ko) 2014-01-20
US9664313B2 (en) 2017-05-30
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WO2012110269A1 (de) 2012-08-23
CN103492779B (zh) 2016-05-04
CN103492779A (zh) 2014-01-01
EP2489918B1 (de) 2016-04-13
KR101960553B1 (ko) 2019-03-20
JP6099575B2 (ja) 2017-03-22
TW201250146A (en) 2012-12-16
US20140020811A1 (en) 2014-01-23

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