CN103492779B - 模块化的配件 - Google Patents

模块化的配件 Download PDF

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CN103492779B
CN103492779B CN201280008958.4A CN201280008958A CN103492779B CN 103492779 B CN103492779 B CN 103492779B CN 201280008958 A CN201280008958 A CN 201280008958A CN 103492779 B CN103492779 B CN 103492779B
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CN103492779A (zh
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J.维梅林格
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GEORGE FISHER PIPELINE SYSTEM CO Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L13/00—Non-disconnectible pipe-joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints
    • F16L13/02—Welded joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/26—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics for branching pipes; for joining pipes to walls; Adaptors therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L43/00—Bends; Siphons
    • F16L43/008—Bends; Siphons made from plastic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5223—Joining tubular articles for forming corner connections or elbows, e.g. for making V-shaped pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5224—Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/52241—Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52291—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop
    • B29C66/52292—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop said stop being internal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/26—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics for branching pipes; for joining pipes to walls; Adaptors therefor
    • F16L47/32—Branch units, e.g. made in one piece, welded, riveted
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
    • B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2027/06—PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2055/00—Use of specific polymers obtained by polymerisation reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in a single one of main groups B29K2023/00 - B29K2049/00, e.g. having a vinyl group, as moulding material
    • B29K2055/02—ABS polymers, i.e. acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2077/00—Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
    • B29K2101/12—Thermoplastic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/24—Pipe joints or couplings
    • B29L2031/243—Elbows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/24—Pipe joints or couplings
    • B29L2031/246—T-joints
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Non-Disconnectible Joints And Screw-Threaded Joints (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种由能够焊接的、热塑性的塑料制成的具有模块化的结构的配件（1），所述配件包括多个元件（2、3、9、10、11、12），至少一个主元件（2、9）和至少一个联接元件（3、10、11、12），其特征在于，所述元件（2、3、9、10、11、12）具有垂直于中轴线（8）延伸的端面（4、5），并且所述元件（2、3、9、10、11、12）仅在端面（4、5）上相互焊接。

Description

模块化的配件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种由可焊接的、热塑性塑料制成的具有模块化结构的配件，所述配件包括多个元件，至少一个主元件和至少一个联接元件。
背景技术
作为配件理解为管道的连接件，其将管件相互连接并且在此情况下也满足其它功能，例如待连接的管件的方向变换。为了敷设管道，需要使用配件，以便实现管道中的分支或者也进行管道的转向，其方式为，将弯头装配到管道中。这种配件在塑料管道的领域中大多以注射成型方法来制造。从经济的观点来看，注射成型方法用于制造配件一直以来都是理想的，例如其允许高的件数，为了使用注射成型方法，需要一注射成型模具，其在制造上是特别耗费的且相应地价格昂贵。因此，为了抵偿所述注射成型模具，需要制造高件数的零件。只有这样才可以通过待制造的零件的高件数将零件上的模具费用部分保持得特别小。但在很小的件数的情况下，针对单个零件的价格通过注射成型模具的额外的抵偿费用而显著地增高，使得零件无法再出售或者对于制造商而言对于这种零件不再有兴趣，因为这些零件无法抵补用于制造的费用。在这种配件的情况下大多是仅极少使用的大尺寸的直径。
已知的是，由可焊接的塑料制成的这种大尺寸的配件可以由管段焊接到一起，也就是说，所述配件由多个单个的切割成形的管构成，这些管随后焊接到一起。例如针对T形配件将现有的管如此地切开或者说切割成形，使得在两个管上分别在一个端部处切割出在半个圆周上延伸的45°斜角（Gehrungen），所述斜角之后被焊接到一起，并且所述管用作所述T形配件的中间件，只是斜接成一尖部，以便将该T形配件焊接到这两个以90°相对于中间件错开的管上。由此产生一焊缝，其在T形配件的角落中延伸。以这种方式制造的配件不适合于承受标称的压力，因为接缝在这些位置中暴露在非常高的载荷下且因此无法经受住所述要求。此外，由于待焊接的管的相应的准备工作，所述制造特别耗时。
US3'873'391公开了一种用于制造塑料管配件例如T形件的方法。所述方法包括塑料管段的成型，其方式为，制造出互补地斜接的轮廓且通过相互匹配的塑料管段的相互接合而形成所希望的配件。暂时地将边缘通过例如粘接剂保持在相互接合的位置中。之后将液态的混合物例如聚氨酯弹性体优选通过喷射来涂布到斜接的轮廓的区域中的外表面上。通过硬化产生了粘性的但略微弹性的层，该层将塑料管段接合在一起。
这种配件的缺点一方面在于其耗费的制造且另一方面通过塑料管的连接技术使得该配件不适合于高压。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于建议一种塑料配件以及一种与此相关的制造方法，其也经济地适合于小型系列并且满足管道内部的抗压强度和表面特性的要求。
该任务根据本发明通过如下方式解决，所述元件具有垂直于中轴线延伸的端面并且所述元件仅在端面上相互焊接。
由此所述配件仅具有仅环形地围绕圆周延伸的焊缝，所述焊缝满足标称的抗压强度的高要求并且可以毫无问题地装配在管系统中，这迄今为止通过管段焊接的配件是无法实现的，因为这些配件没有承受住标称的抗压强度要求。因为例如所述配件的纵向地沿着圆周延伸的焊缝承受不住高压。此外，通过几何结构仅产生小的焊缝，在此情况下，几乎不需要再次加工内径，因为焊缝通过其很小的尺寸几乎不引起管道中的阻力，但如果在那里需要将内侧面上的焊缝移去除，则将其特别简单和快速地剥除。
通过所述配件的可模块化，在不对费用产生负影响的前提下制造出大量不同变型的配件。小型系列也能够以经济上可接受的价格来制造。用作基础构件的主元件在注射成型法中制造，不同的与所述要求相应的联接元件能够焊接到所述主元件上。例如注射一T形主部件，在其上焊接直的联接元件，所述联接元件例如借助于注射法制成，并且也可以使用再次加工的管段作为直的联接元件。此外，通过另一种方法制造的联接元件也适合于该应用。因此可以针对一些联接元件取消昂贵的注射成型模具或者在通过注射成型进行制造的情况下能够通过待制造的联接元件的高的数量将费用保持得很低，因为其与具有相应的直径的所有类型的主元件匹配。
为了在接缝区域实现比迄今在焊接的配件的情况下那样额外地提高的抗压强度以及提高的负载能力，主元件和联接元件的在主元件和联接元件之间的分隔部位或者说接缝的区域中的壁厚比在联接元件和待联接的管道之间的分隔部位或者说接缝构造得更厚。
为了主元件与联接元件的毫无问题的兼容性，前提是，所述分隔部位具有与端面相同的几何尺寸，因此所述联接元件的端面也如同所述主元件一样圆形地构造。
根据本发明的配件优选具有300mm的最小公称直径，其中，公称直径涉及内径。在较小的几何尺寸的情况下，虽然能够实现模块化的配件，但由于高件数的具有较小的内径的配件，具有制成的配件的相应的注射模具在经济上是不适宜的且因此根据本发明的配件几乎不应用在低于300mm的内径的情况下。
优选的实施方式在于，所述配件由下列塑料之一制成：PVDF、PP、PE、PVC、ABS、PB、PA、PFA或ECTFE，因为它们适合于焊接且在管道结构中作为标准材料所公知。
根据本发明的配件的另一个优选的实施方式在于，所述主元件具有T形形状。通过相应的或者说所需的联接元件的焊接，在车间中已经预制完成一T形配件，其作为分支插入到管道中。在所述主元件上可以焊接任意一种联接元件，其必须仅满足如下前提，即其在分隔部位具有相同的直径。
另一种优选的实施方式在于，所述主元件具有弧段形状，优选具有45°的弧段。该实施方式能够实现所述管道能够个别地沿着任意的方向进行敷设。也可以例如将两个弧形的主元件相互焊接起来，用以获得一更大的弧角（Bogen-Winkel）。只有这样才在焊接到一起的主元件的各个端部处分别接合一联接元件。所述预制的弧段或者说主元件的角度是可以任意选择的，但这里所述主元件通常也通过注射成型来制造且因此必须针对具有不同的角度的每个弧段制造一自身的注射成型模具。其中，弧段的锐角或者说较小的角通过弧段或者说主元件的相互焊接能够实现大量的不同的弧角，这些弧角可以利用仅一个注射模具来相互接合。在此情况下，当然也可以相应地产生出大量的焊缝。
此外有利的是，所述连接元件以不同的实施方式制造，也就是说，其相应于其要求来构造。如果例如必须联接到T形的主元件上的管道具有比在其中已经安装了T形主元件的管道更小的直径，则可以在所述T形的主元件上焊接一构造得更小的联接元件。因此，通过减小的联接元件也可以联接具有更小直径的管道。当然也可以考虑一种联接元件，其适合于联接到一具有更大的直径的管上，例如膨胀联接元件。
作为联接元件的另一种实施方式，也可以考虑仪表联接元件，其能够实现一种仪表、例如流量传感器或温度传感器的联接。
通常采用直的联接元件，其通过其在制造方法例如注射成型、管的零件的分开等等上的变型多样性，能够最佳地与所需的件数协调一致且因此带来了经济上的高优点。
根据本发明的配件的模块化的结构的另一个优点在于，能够直接在所述主元件上联接一联接元件，其构造成具有法兰的例如用于阀的预焊组件。由此产生了特别紧凑的装配质量体，因为所述预焊组件和与其平行地延伸的所述T形主元件的中轴线之间的距离特别短，并且可以直接在所述T形主元件的端面上焊接相匹配的预焊组件。常见的T形配件具有较长的联接支管，因为制成的T形配件构造有直的接头，在所述接头上在正常情况下联接一管道。如果不是这种情况，则在其上安装一相应地匹配的适配件，由此将所希望的T形配件的装配质量体以与下一构件或者说下一配件的相应的协调一致来大大地延长。这种长距离会例如对水品质产生负的影响。由于在不是持续地被穿流的分支中，水停留在一种死区中且因此在那里容易滋生细菌，这些细菌在后续的穿流中又被介质夹带，因此例如通过模块化的结构形式产生出的短的联接长度是特别有利的。为了将这种死区保持得尽可能小，在所述预安装联接元件或者说所述预焊组件直至与其平行地延伸的中轴线之间的距离比相应的配件的公称直径更短地延伸。
当然也可以考虑联接元件的其它的实施方式。通过所述配件的模块化，所述实施方式几乎是没有限制的。
本发明的方法在于，所述元件具有垂直于中轴线延伸的端面并且所述元件仅在端面上相互焊接。
本发明的方法在于，所述元件仅沿着所述垂直于中轴线延伸的端面的圆周在车间中相互焊接。通过如下方式，即所述焊缝还在车间中制造且因此被预制，可以确保建立对于良好的焊接的最佳条件，这具有对于配件或者说焊缝的抗压强度的正影响。此外，所述配件可在安装所述管道的情况下直接插入且可以利用标准的焊接机相互焊接。
附图说明
本发明的实施例参照附图进行描述，其中，本发明不仅限于所述实施例。其中:
图1逐步地示出了具有T形的主元件的配件的模块化制造的截面视图，
图2示出了弧形的主元件的截面视图，
图3示出了两个分别具有45°的相互连接的弧形的主元件的截面视图，
图4示出了T形的主元件的纵截面图，在所述主元件上焊接了一减小的联接元件和两个直的联接元件，
图5示出了T形的主元件的纵截面图，在所述主元件上接合了一仪表联接元件和两个直的联接元件以及
图6示出了T形的主元件的纵截面图，在所述主元件上焊接了一具有法兰的预焊组件和两个直的联接元件。
具体实施方式
在图1中展示了根据本发明的配件的模块化以及制造步骤。左图展示了一主元件2，其是T形地构造的。所述主元件2通常通过注射成型来制造，因为所述主元件2形成一类基础构件，其承受得住提高的负载并且在其上焊接不同地构造的联接元件3或者其它的主元件2。在中间图中还展示了联接元件3，其可以焊接到所述主元件2上。在所示的实施方式的情况下，采用直的联接元件3。当然可以接合具有相应的直径的任何实施方式的联接元件2，例如一减小的联接元件10或一仪表联接元件11等等。所述联接元件3以其圆形的并且垂直于中轴线8延伸的端面5焊接到所述主元件2、9的同样圆形的并且垂直于所述中轴线8延伸的端面4上。所述联接元件3如此构造，使得壁厚在端面5处增大或者说更厚（未示出）。通过在最佳的条件下在车间中的制造，所述配件具有最好地制造的焊缝且当甚至无法原则上避免所产生的应力时，可以减小该应力。这又确保了更高的运行可靠性。所述联接元件3的端面6在安装配件1的情况下与管道连接。在图1的右图中展示了在车间中完全焊接的配件1。
图2示出了主元件9的另一种实施方式。该主元件9是弧形地构造的，以便实施在管道系统中的方向改变。所描绘的弧段或者说主元件9具有45°的角，这在许多情况下适合于用于使管道或者说系统转向的理想的弧段。当然可以制造任意的角度大小，其取决于相应的事先制造的注射成型模具。适宜地使用一种大小，其常常是可嵌入的。在图2中可较好地观察到朝向端面4的方向的壁厚的变厚，其如同已经在之前提到的T形的主元件2的情况下那样，用于产生可更高地负载的焊缝。同样地存在两个主元件9直接相互焊接的可能性。该系统的模块化能够实现连接的所有变型，其仅须具有相同的联接直径（Anschlussdurchmesser）。
图3示出了这样一种连接，两个主元件9在该情况下将两个45°的弧段相互焊接成一90°的弧角，并且在两个端部处接合所需的联接元件3。
在图4中示出了配件1，其作为联接元件具有一焊接的减小的联接元件10，所述减小的联接元件可以与一管道连接，所述管道具有比垂直于其延伸的管道更小的直径。在所述T形的主元件2的另外两个端面4上分别安装一直的联接元件3。也可以是其它的联接元件3。
另一种联接元件3在图5中示出。在那里在T形的主元件2上还焊接有一特殊地构造的联接元件11，其适合于联接仪表例如流量传感器或温度传感器。这里也可以将仪表联接元件11安装到一其它的主元件2上或者将其它的仪表联接元件11焊接到主元件2上。
图6示出了模块化的配件，其具有T形的主元件2。在所述主元件2上在相对置的端面4上分别布置一直的联接元件3。以90°错开的接头具有一直接焊接在主元件2上的预安装联接元件或者说一具有法兰12的预焊组件，其可在没有任何中间件的前提下直接焊接到主元件2上。这样，可以将中轴线8和以90°错开的接头的预焊组件12的端面之间的距离14保持得很小，这对于死区13或者说在不穿流的分支中停留的介质产生了正的影响。通常所述距离14比相应的配件的公称直径更短。通过更小的死区13形成了更少停留的水。停留的水通过如下方式产生，如在图6中所示，联接的截止阀15是关闭的且由此所述分支不被穿流。当然可以考虑龙头或其它可联接的构件。相应于这些构件制造一预安装联接元件并且焊接到主元件2上。
附图标记列表
1配件
2T形的主元件
3直的联接元件
4主元件的端面
5联接元件的端面主元件的侧面
6联接元件的端面管道的侧面
7主元件-联接元件的焊缝
8中轴线
9弧形的主元件
10减小的联接元件
11仪表联接元件
12具有法兰的预焊组件
13死区
14距离
15截止阀

Claims (12)

1.由能够焊接的、热塑性的塑料制成的具有模块化的结构的配件(1)，所述配件包括多个元件(2、3、9、10、11、12)，所述元件包括至少一个主元件(2、9)和至少一个联接元件(3、10、11、12)，其特征在于，所述元件(2、3、9、10、11、12)具有垂直于中轴线(8)延伸的端面(4、5)，并且所述元件(2、3、9、10、11、12)仅在端面上相互焊接，其中，所述主元件(2、9)和/或所述联接元件(3、10、11、12)在所述端面或者说在所述主元件(2、9)和所述联接元件(3、10、11、12)之间的焊缝(7)的区域中的壁厚比在所述联接元件和待联接的管道之间的分隔部位或者说接缝的壁厚更厚。
2.按照权利要求1所述的配件(1)，其特征在于，所述元件(2、3、9、10、11)的端面(4、5)是圆形地构造的。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的配件(1)，其特征在于，所述配件(1)具有300mm的最小公称直径。
4.按照权利要求1或2所述的配件(1)，其特征在于，所述配件(1)由下列塑料之一制成：PVDF、PP、PE、PVC、ABS、PB、PA、PFA或者ECTFE。
5.按照权利要求1或2所述的配件(1)，其特征在于，所述主元件(2)具有T形形状。
6.按照权利要求4所述的配件，其特征在于，在预安装的所述联接元件(12)直至与其平行地延伸的中轴线(8)之间延伸的距离(14)比具有模块化的结构的配件的公称直径更短。
7.按照权利要求1或2所述的配件，其特征在于，所述主元件(9)是弧形地构造的，在此情况下形成45°的弧段。
8.按照权利要求1或2所述的配件(1)，其特征在于，所述联接元件(3)构造成直的联接元件(3)。
9.按照权利要求1或2所述的配件(1)，其特征在于，所述联接元件(3)构造成直径减小的联接元件(10)。
10.按照权利要求1或2所述的配件(1)，其特征在于，所述联接元件(3)构造成仪表联接元件(12)。
11.按照权利要求1或2所述的配件(1)，其特征在于，所述联接元件(3)构造成具有法兰(13)的预焊组件。
12.制造按照权利要求1至11中任一项所述的的配件(1)的方法，所述配件由能够焊接的、热塑性的塑料制成并且具有模块化的结构，所述配件包括多个元件(2、3、9、10、11、12)，所述元件包括至少一个主元件(2、9)和至少一个联接元件(3、10、11、12)，其特征在于，所述元件(2、3、9、10、11、12)具有垂直于中轴线(8)延伸的端面(4、5)，并且所述元件(2、3、9、10、11、12)仅在端面上相互焊接，其中，所述主元件(2、9)和/或所述联接元件(3、10、11、12)在所述端面或者说在所述主元件(2、9)和所述联接元件(3、10、11、12)之间的焊缝(7)的区域中的壁厚比在所述联接元件和待联接的管道之间的分隔部位或者说接缝的壁厚更厚。
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IL227334A0 (en) 2013-09-30
CN103492779A (zh) 2014-01-01
TW201250146A (en) 2012-12-16
EP2489918A1 (de) 2012-08-22

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