TWI549253B - 靜電放電防護電路 - Google Patents

靜電放電防護電路 Download PDF

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TWI549253B
TWI549253B TW101146035A TW101146035A TWI549253B TW I549253 B TWI549253 B TW I549253B TW 101146035 A TW101146035 A TW 101146035A TW 101146035 A TW101146035 A TW 101146035A TW I549253 B TWI549253 B TW I549253B
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well
gate
region
drift
pole type
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TW201338125A (zh
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賴大偉
李明
柯壯謀
普拉克 拉吉 弗爾瑪
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格羅方德半導體私人有限公司
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Description

靜電放電防護電路
一般而言,本發明係有關於一種精密積體電路,尤指一種用以形成矽貫孔的結構及製造方法。
傳統n型橫向擴散金屬氧化物半導體(n-type lateral diffused metal oxide semiconductor;nLDMOS)存在一些固有缺點,例如,「驟回(snapback)柯克(kirk)效應或基極擴展」負面地影響或降低其ESD性能。該些缺點導致nLDMOS或靜電放電(Electrostatic Discharge;ESD)裝置不均勻導通。
本揭露旨在降低或防止驟回(snapback)或基極擴展現象,且提供具有改進ESD性能的電晶體。
本發明實施例通常涉及半導體裝置。在一實施例中,提供一種包括基板的裝置。該基板定義為具有靜電放電(Electrostatic Discharge;ESD)保護電路的裝置區,該ESD保護電路具有電晶體。該電晶體包括具有第一側及第二側的閘極。在鄰近該閘極的該第一側之該裝置區中設置第一擴散區,以及在離開該閘極的該第二側之該裝 置區中設置第二擴散區。該第一及第二擴散區包括第一極型摻雜物。在該閘極及該第二擴散區之間設置漂移隔離區。第一裝置井(well)包圍該裝置區,且在該第一裝置井內設置第二裝置井。在該第二擴散區下方及該第一裝置井內設置具有該第一極型摻雜物的汲極井。
在另一實施例中,本發明揭露一種包括基板的裝置,該基板具有位於裝置區中的第一裝置井及第二裝置井。該第二裝置井設置於該第一裝置井內。在該裝置區中設置電晶體。該電晶體包括具有第一側及第二側的閘極。鄰近該閘極的該第一側設置第一擴散區,以及離開該閘極的該第二側設置第二擴散區。在該閘極及該第二擴散區之間設置漂移隔離區。在該第二擴散區下方及該第一裝置井內設置汲極井。
藉由參照以下的說明及附圖,本文所述實施例的上述及其他優點以及特徵將變得更加清楚。而且,應當理解,本文所述各種實施例的特徵並不相互排斥,而是可存在於各種組合及排列。
100a、100b、100c、100d‧‧‧裝置
105‧‧‧基板
110‧‧‧裝置區
115、215‧‧‧ESD保護電路
115a‧‧‧第一橫向擴散電晶體
115b‧‧‧第二橫向擴散電晶體
120‧‧‧閘極
124‧‧‧閘極介電層
126‧‧‧閘極電極
130‧‧‧第一源極/汲極區
134‧‧‧第一電極端
140‧‧‧第二源極/汲極區
144‧‧‧第二電極端
160‧‧‧第一井
162‧‧‧第一井接觸
165‧‧‧第二井
167‧‧‧第二井接觸
170‧‧‧第三井
175‧‧‧第四井
180‧‧‧第五井
190、194‧‧‧隔離區
192‧‧‧漂移隔離區
200a、200b、200c、200d‧‧‧裝置
於圖式中,類似的圖式標記通常代表不同視圖中之相同元件。另外,圖式不一定按比例繪製,而是重點說明本發明的原理。在以下的說明中,參照圖式描述本發明之各種實施例,其中:第1a圖至第1d圖係顯示裝置之不同實施例的剖視圖;以及 第2a圖至第2d圖係顯示裝置之其他不同實施例的剖視圖。
本發明實施例通常涉及半導體裝置。該些裝置設有靜電放電(Electrostatic Discharge;ESD)電路。例如,該些ESD電路可用於高電壓應用或裝置中。例如,可在ESD事件中啟動ESD電路,以釋放ESD電流。例如,該些裝置可為任意類型的半導體裝置如積體電路(IC)。例如,此類裝置可包含於獨立的裝置或積體電路中如微控制器或系統單晶片(System On Chip;SOC)。例如,該些裝置或積體電路可包含於如揚聲器、電腦、手機及個人數位助理(Personal Digitial Assistant;PDA)等電子產品中或與該些電子產品結合使用。
第1a圖係顯示裝置100a之一實施例的剖視圖。如圖所示,設置基板105。該基板為半導體基板如矽基板。在一實施例中,該基板可為p型摻雜基板。例如,該p型摻雜基板為p型輕摻雜基板。亦可使用其他類型的半導體基板,包括摻雜有其他類型摻雜物或濃度或不摻雜的半導體基板。例如,該基板可為矽鍺、鍺、砷化鎵或絕緣體上晶體(Crystal-On-Insulator;COI)如絕緣體上矽(Silicon-On-Insulator;SOI)。該基板可為摻雜基板。
該裝置可包括具有不同摻雜濃度的摻雜區或井。例如,該裝置可包括重摻雜區、中等摻雜區及輕摻雜區。該些摻雜區可由x-、x及x+表示,其中,x表示摻 雜的極性如p表示p型,或者n表示n型,以及:x-=輕摻雜;x=中等摻雜;以及x+=重摻雜。
輕摻雜區可具有約低於5E13/cm3的摻雜濃度。例如,輕摻雜區可具有約為1E11/cm3至5E13/cm3的摻雜濃度。中等摻雜區可具有約為5E13/cm3至5E15/cm3的摻雜濃度。重摻雜區可具有約大於5E15/cm3的摻雜濃度。例如,重摻雜區可具有約為5E15/cm3至9E15/cm3的摻雜濃度。亦可使用具有其他濃度之不同類型的摻雜區。p型摻雜物可包括硼(B)、鋁(Al)、銦(In)或其組合,而n型摻雜物可包括磷(P)、砷(As)、銻(Sb)或其組合。
如圖所示,該裝置包括定義於該基板上的裝置區110。可設置裝置隔離區190用以將該裝置區與該基板上的其他裝置區隔離或分離。在一實施例中,該裝置隔離區圍繞該裝置區。例如,該隔離區為淺溝槽隔離(shallow trench isolation;STI)區。亦可使用其他類型的隔離區。例如,該隔離區可為深溝槽隔離(deep trench isolation;DTI)區。例如,對於淺溝槽隔離區,該隔離區延伸至約4000埃(Å)的深度。亦可設置延伸至其他深度的隔離區,例如,對於深溝槽隔離區,延伸至0.5至10微米(μm)的深度。在一實施例中,該隔離區的寬度約為0.3μm。亦可使用具有不同深度及寬度的隔離區。例如,隔離區的尺寸可取決於隔離要求。
該裝置區包括ESD保護電路115。在一實施例中,該ESD保護電路為橫向擴散(lateral diffused;LD)電晶體。例如,該ESD保護電路為橫向擴散金屬氧化物半導體(LDMOS)電晶體。
在一實施例中,在該裝置區之該基板中設置第一摻雜井160。如圖所示,該第一摻雜井包圍該全部裝置區。例如,該第一摻雜井作為第一裝置井,該第一裝置井設於大約自該裝置隔離區的內側邊緣起之該基板中。該第一摻雜井亦可延伸自該隔離區的內側邊緣及外側邊緣之間該隔離區的底部。在一實施例中,該第一井作為隔離井。例如,該第一井將該ESD保護電路與該基板隔離。為了作為隔離井,該第一井應當足夠深。
該第一井包括第一極型摻雜物。在一實施例中,該第一井以第一極型摻雜物輕摻雜。例如,該第一井的摻雜濃度可約為1E11/cm3至5E13/cm3。亦可設置具有其他摻雜濃度的第一井。在一實施例中,該第一極型為n型。例如,該第一井可為針對n型裝置的n-井。該第一極型亦可為p型。例如,可使用針對p型裝置的p-井。
在該裝置區中的該基板表面上設置該電晶體的閘極120,該閘極包括設於閘極介電層124上方的閘極電極126,該閘極電極可為多晶矽,亦可使用其他材料。該閘極介電層可為氧化矽,亦可使用其他閘極介電材料。在一實施例中,該閘極類似核心裝置所使用的閘極。亦可使用其他配置的閘極。
該閘極可為閘極導體,係構成多個電晶體的閘極。例如,該閘極導體可橫跨被隔離區分離的多個裝置區。該多個電晶體具有由該閘極導體構成的共同閘極。亦可使用其他配置的閘極導體。
該閘極設置於第一及第二源極/汲極(S/D)區130、140之間。該些源/汲極為設置於該基板中的第一極型摻雜區。例如,該些源/汲極為第一極型重摻雜區。例如,該些源/汲極可具有約0.1至0.4μm的深度。亦可使用其他深度。該些源/汲極可類似該裝置之其他電晶體的源/汲極。在一實施例中,該第一源極/汲極為該電晶體的源極區,該第二源極/汲極為該電晶體的汲極區。
該第一源極/汲極鄰近該閘極的第一側。在一實施例中,該閘極重疊(overlap)該第一源極/汲極。例如,該閘極的該第一側重疊該第一源極/汲極。重疊量應當足以使該第一源極/汲極與該閘極下方的該電晶體的通道連接。例如,重疊量約為0.1至0.5μm。亦可以其他數量重疊該第一源極/汲極。在一實施例中,該閘極重疊該第一源極/汲極的輕摻雜區。該第一源極/汲極亦可具有其他配置。該第二源極/汲極離開該閘極的第二側。例如,其位移可為漂移距離。
在一實施例中,在該閘極與該第二源極/汲極之間設置漂移隔離區192。例如,該漂移隔離區為淺溝槽隔離。亦可使用其他類型的漂移隔離區。如圖所示,該閘極重疊該漂移隔離區。該漂移隔離區可用於增加有效的 漂移距離。例如,可將該漂移距離增加至與該漂移隔離區的分布(profile)相等。
該閘極的側壁可設有介電間隔件(dielectric spacer)(未圖示)。例如,該些介電間隔件可為氧化矽間隔件。亦可使用其他介電材料如氮化矽或介電材料或層的組合。例如,該些間隔件可為複合間隔件。該些間隔件可幫助形成該輕摻雜區及源/汲極。例如,在形成間隔件之前形成該輕摻雜區,而在形成間隔件後形成該第一源極/汲極。亦可使用其他配置的間隔件。例如,該間隔件可為單個間隔件。在一些情況下,該電晶體亦可包括環狀(halo)區。該環狀區為第二極型摻雜區,鄰接該閘極下方之該輕摻雜區及第一源極/汲極。
在一些實施例中,在該些電晶體上方形成介電蝕刻停止層(未圖示)。例如,該蝕刻停止層為氮化矽蝕刻停止層。亦可使用其他類型的蝕刻停止層。該蝕刻停止層應當具有可自上方的介電層選擇性移除的材料。該蝕刻停止層幫助形成接觸該電晶體的區域(例如,該閘極電極及摻雜區)的接觸塞(contact plug)。在一些實施例中,該蝕刻停止層亦可作為應力層,以施加應力於該閘極下方之該電晶體的通道上,從而提升性能。
在該基板中設置第二井165。該第二井可設置於該裝置區中。例如,該第二井設置於該第一井內。該第二井作為該ESD裝置的體井(body well)。該第二裝置井包括針對第一極型裝置的第二極型摻雜物。例如,該第二 裝置井包括針對n型裝置的p型摻雜物或針對p型裝置的n型摻雜物。摻雜濃度可取決於該裝置的電壓要求。該第二裝置井可以第二極型摻雜物輕摻雜(x-)或中等摻雜(x)。例如,該第二井可為針對n型裝置的p型井。該第二裝置井亦可具有如適於高電壓應用的其他摻雜濃度。
該體井至少包圍該第一源極/汲極以及一部分該閘極。如圖所示,該體井包圍該第一及第二源極/汲極。該第二井亦可具有其他配置。該第二井的深度淺於該第一井。
在一實施例中,該第一及第二井設有第一及第二井接觸162、167,以偏置該些井。該些井接觸為重摻雜區,類似該些源/汲極。例如,井接觸的深度淺於該裝置隔離區的深度,且該些井接觸分別與該些井連接。該些井接觸的摻雜濃度可約為5E15/cm3至9E15/cm3。該些井接觸具有與該些井相同的極型。例如,該第一井接觸為第一極型摻雜區,且該第二井接觸為第二極型摻雜區。
在一實施例中,可設置隔離區194以分離該些接觸區。該些隔離區可為淺溝槽隔離區。例如,該些隔離區可類似該些裝置隔離區。亦可使用其他類型或配置的隔離區。
可在該閘極電極以及各接觸區上形成金屬矽化物接觸(未圖示)。例如,可在該些源/汲極、井接觸以及閘極電極上方設置金屬矽化物接觸。例如,該些矽化物接觸可為鎳基接觸,亦可使用其他類型的金屬矽化物接 觸。例如,該些矽化物接觸可為矽化鈷(CoSi)接觸。該些矽化物接觸的厚度可約為100至500埃,該些矽化物接觸亦可具有其他厚度,該些矽化物接觸可用於降低接觸電阻並促進與後端製程的金屬互連的接觸。
在一實施例中,設置第三井170。該第三井設置於該第二井內的該基板中。例如,該第三井的深度淺於該第二井的深度。該第三井作為漂移井。在一實施例中,該第三井包圍該第二源極/汲極且延伸於該閘極下方。該閘極重疊該第三井或漂移井,以形成閘極重疊區Ogate。若設有內部隔離區,則該閘極重疊區Ogate位於該閘極下方的該第三井邊緣(亦即該第三井的內側邊緣)與該閘極下方的該漂移隔離區邊緣(亦即該漂移隔離區的內側邊緣)之間。在一實施例中,Ogate約為0.2至2μm。Ogate亦可具有其他值。例如,其寬度可取決於設計要求。
在一實施例中,該第三井的深度或底部位於該些隔離區下方。例如,該漂移井自該裝置隔離區的底部延伸至該閘極下方。該第三井的深度可約為0.1至5μm,亦可具有其他深度,例如,其深度可取決於該裝置的設計電壓。位於該第一源極/汲極與第三井之間的該閘極下方之該基板形成該電晶體的通道。有效漂移距離始於該第二源極/汲極,繞過該漂移隔離區且到達該閘極下方的該通道。
該漂移井包括第一極型摻雜物。在一實施例中,該漂移井的摻雜濃度低於該汲極的摻雜濃度。在一 實施例中,該漂移井可以第一極型摻雜物輕摻雜(x-)或中等摻雜(x)。例如,該漂移井的摻雜濃度約為1E12至IE14/cm2,亦可具有其他摻雜濃度。例如,其摻雜濃度可取決於該裝置的最大或崩潰電壓(breakdown voltage)要求。
在一實施例中,該第二井、第一源極/汲極及閘極共同耦接該ESD裝置的第一電極端134。該第二源極/汲極耦接該ESD裝置的第二電極端144。例如,該第一電極端為源極端,且該第二電極端為汲極端。例如,該源極端耦接接地,而該汲極端耦接VDD或I/O(輸入/輸出)焊墊。該ESD裝置亦可具有其他配置的端連接。
依據一實施例,設置第四井175。例如,該第四井作為第二源極/汲極井或汲極井。該汲極井設置於該汲極下方的該基板中。例如,該第四井的寬度可窄於、等於或大於該汲極的寬度,係取決於工作電壓。該汲極井的深度在該漂移隔離區的底部及體井之間,該汲極井亦可具有其他深度。
該汲極井包括第一極型摻雜物。在一實施例中,該汲極井的摻雜濃度介於該第二源極/汲極及漂移井之間。在一實施例中,該汲極井可以第一極型摻雜物中等摻雜(x)。其亦可具有其他摻雜濃度。
可以發現,藉由在該汲極下方設置汲極井,在垂直方向形成較低電阻路徑。如此,引導電流沿垂直方向而非水平方向流動。因此,在早期階段減輕或抑制基極擴展。此結果導致該ESD裝置具有改進的更均勻導通。
第1b圖係顯示裝置100b之另一實施例的剖視圖。裝置100b類似第1a圖的裝置。共同的元件將不再加以描述或詳細描述。如圖所示,基板105具有由裝置隔離區190隔離的裝置區。該裝置區包括橫向擴散電晶體115,係作為ESD保護電路。該裝置區包括第一、第二、第三及第四摻雜井160、165、170、175。該第一井可作為隔離井,該第二井作為體井,該第三井作為漂移井,且該第四井作為汲極井。可設置井接觸區162、167,可設置隔離區,例如,漂移隔離區192及井接觸隔離區194,可在該閘極電極、源/汲極以及井接觸區上設置金屬矽化物接觸。
在一實施例中,設置第五井180。該第五井作為低電壓(low voltage;LV)井,該低電壓井包括第二極型摻雜物,該低電壓井設於該漂移井內。在一實施例中,該低電壓井設置於該汲極井及該漂移井內側邊緣之間。如圖所示,該低電壓井設置於該漂移隔離區192下方。例如,該低電壓井設置於該漂移隔離區中心的下方。
已發現,該低電壓井可為增加該ESD裝置的保持電壓(Vh)。可以發現,藉由設置低電壓井,基極擴展現象被抑制。我們認為,該低電壓井沿水平方向為電流提供高電阻路徑。如此,引導電流沿垂直方向而非水平方向流動。此結果導致該ESD裝置具有改進的更均勻導通。
第1c圖係顯示裝置100c的另一實施例的剖視圖。裝置100c類似第1a圖的裝置。共同的元件將不再 加以描述或詳細描述。如圖所示,基板105具有由裝置隔離區190隔離的裝置區。該裝置區包括橫向擴散電晶體115,係作為ESD保護電路。該裝置區包括第一、第二、第三及第四摻雜井160、165、170、175。該第一井可作為隔離井,該第二井作為體井,該第三井作為漂移井,且該第四井作為汲極井。可設置井接觸區162、167,可設置隔離區,例如,漂移隔離區192及井接觸隔離區192。可在該閘極電極、源/汲極以及井接觸區上設置金屬矽化物接觸。
依據一實施例,縮小該漂移井。如圖所示,縮小該漂移井以使其內側邊緣不會延伸至該閘極下方,且不會延伸至該通道區內。例如,該漂移井內側邊緣位於漂移隔離區192中心及裝置隔離區190下方。
已發現,縮小該漂移井可增加該ESD裝置的保持電壓(Vh)。可以發現,藉由縮小該漂移井,基極擴展現象被抑制。增加該ESD電路的寄生雙極型電晶體(BJT)的基極,以降低基區擴展現象,從而導致該ESD裝置具有改進的均勻導通。
第1d圖係顯示裝置100d的又一實施例的剖視圖。裝置100d類似第1a圖的裝置。共同的元件將不再加以描述或詳細描述。如圖所示,基板105具有由裝置隔離區190隔離的裝置區,該裝置區包括橫向擴散電晶體115,係作為ESD保護電路。該裝置區包括第一、第二及第四摻雜井160、165、175。該第一井可作為隔離井,該 第二井作為體井,且該第四井作為汲極井。可設置井接觸區162、167,可設置隔離區,例如,漂移隔離區192以及井接觸隔離區194。可在該閘極電極、源/汲極及井接觸區上設置金屬矽化物接觸。
依據一實施例,與第1a圖的裝置100a不同,不設置漂移井。如圖所示,該體井至少包圍該第一源極/汲極以及一部分該閘極。如圖所示,該體井包圍該第一源極/汲極以及自該閘極的第一側之該閘極的部分。在未設置漂移井的情況下,該汲極藉由該隔離井耦接該通道,例如,依據總體的汲極面積可優化該汲極井。移除該漂移井消除了基極擴展現象,電流經引導且僅沿垂直方向流動,此結果導致該ESD裝置上具有改進的均勻導通。亦可發現,該配置改進了ESD性能。
第2a圖係顯示裝置200a的替代實施例的剖視圖。該裝置類似第1a圖的裝置100a。共同的元件將不再加以描述或詳細描述。如圖所示,設置基板105。例如,該基板為半導體基板,例如,矽基板,亦可使用其他類型的基板。在該基板上定義裝置區110。可設置裝置隔離區190,以將該裝置區與該基板上的其他裝置區隔離或分離。在一實施例中,該裝置隔離區圍繞該裝置區,例如,該隔離區為淺溝槽隔離(shallow trench isolation;STI)區,亦可使用其他類型的隔離區。
該裝置區包括ESD保護電路215。該ESD保護電路包括多個並聯耦接的橫向擴散電晶體。例如,該 ESD保護電路包括n個橫向擴散電晶體。如圖所示,該裝置區包括第一及第二(例如,n=2)橫向擴散電晶體115a、115b。亦可設置其他數量的橫向擴散電晶體。
第一摻雜井160設置於該裝置區的該基板中。如圖所示,該第一摻雜井包圍該全部裝置區。例如,該第一摻雜井作為隔離井,該第一井包括第一極型摻雜物。在一實施例中,該第一井以第一極型摻雜物輕摻雜,亦可設置具有其他摻雜濃度的第一井。
電晶體包括閘極120,係設置於該裝置區中的該基板表面上。該閘極包括設置於閘極介電層124上方的閘極電極126。該閘極可為閘極導體,係構成多個電晶體的閘極。該閘極設於第一及第二源極/汲極(S/D)區130、140之間,該第一源極/汲極鄰近該閘極的第一側。在一實施例中,該閘極重疊該第一源極/汲極,例如,該閘極的該第一側重疊該第一源極/汲極,重疊量應當足以使該第一源極/汲極與該閘極下方的該電晶體的通道連接。例如,重疊量約為0.1至0.5μm。在一實施例中,該閘極重疊該第一源極/汲極的輕摻雜(lightly doped;LD)區,該第一源極/汲極亦可具有其他配置。該第二源極/汲極離開該閘極的第二側,例如,其位移可為漂移距離。
在一實施例中,在該閘極與該第二源極/汲極之間設置漂移隔離區192。例如,該漂移隔離區為淺溝槽隔離,亦可使用其他類型的漂移隔離區。如圖所示,該閘極重疊該漂移隔離區,該漂移隔離區可用於增加有效漂 移距離。例如,可將該漂移距離增加至與該漂移隔離區的剖面相等。
該閘極的側壁可具有介電間隔件128。例如,該些介電間隔件可為氧化矽間隔件。亦可使用其他類型的介電材料,例如,氮化矽或介電材料或層的組合。例如,該些間隔件可為複合間隔件。該些間隔件可幫助形成該輕摻雜區及源/汲極。例如,在形成間隔件之前形成該輕摻雜區,而在形成間隔件後形成該第一源極/汲極,亦可使用其他配置的間隔件,例如,該間隔件可為單個間隔件。在一些情況下,該電晶體亦可包括環狀(halo)區,該環狀區為第二極型摻雜區,鄰接該閘極下方的該輕摻雜區及第一源極/汲極。
在一些實施例中,在該些電晶體上方形成介電蝕刻停止層(未圖示)。例如,該蝕刻停止層為氮化矽蝕刻停止層。亦可使用其他類型的蝕刻停止層。該蝕刻停止層應當具有可自上方的介電層選擇性移除的材料。該蝕刻停止層幫助形成接觸該電晶體的區域(例如,該閘極電極及摻雜區)的接觸塞。在一些實施例中,該蝕刻停止層亦可作為應力層,以施加應力於該閘極下方的該電晶體通道上,從而提升性能。
如圖所示,該第一及第二橫向擴散電晶體經配置而具有共同的第二源極/汲極或汲極,該些橫向擴散電晶體亦可具有其他配置。
在該基板中設置第二井165。該第二井可設 置於該裝置區中,例如,該第二井設於該第一井內。該第二井作為該些電晶體的體井,該第二裝置井包括第二極型摻雜物。該第二裝置井可以第一極型摻雜物輕摻雜(x-)或中等摻雜(x),該第二裝置井亦可具有其他摻雜濃度。
該體井至少包圍該第一源極/汲極以及一部分該閘極。如圖所示,該體井包圍該第一及第二源極/汲極,該第二井亦可具有其他配置,該第二井的深度淺於該第一井,該第二井亦可具有其他深度。
在一實施例中,該第一及第二井設有第一及第二井接觸162、167,以偏置該些井。該些井接觸為重摻雜區,類似該些源/汲極。例如,井接觸的深度淺於該裝置隔離區的深度,且該些井接觸分別與該些井連接。該些井接觸的摻雜濃度可約為5E15/cm3至9E15/cm3。該些井接觸具有與該些井相同的極型。例如,該第一井接觸為第一極型摻雜區,且該第二井接觸為第二極型摻雜區。
在一實施例中,可設置隔離區194以分離接觸區。該些隔離區可為淺溝槽隔離區。例如,該些隔離區可類似該些裝置隔離區。亦可使用其他類型或配置的隔離區。
可在該閘極電極以及各接觸區上形成金屬矽化物接觸(未圖示)。例如,可在該些源/汲極、井接觸以及閘極電極上方設置金屬矽化物接觸。例如,該些矽化物接觸可為鎳基接觸,亦可使用其他類型的金屬矽化物接觸。例如,該些矽化物接觸可為矽化鈷(CoSi)接觸,該些 矽化物接觸的厚度可約為100至500埃,亦可使用具有其他厚度的矽化物接觸,該些矽化物接觸可用於降低接觸電阻且促進與後端制程的金屬互連的接觸。
在一實施例中,設置第三井170。該第三井設置於該第二井內的該基板中。例如,該第三井的深度淺於該第二井的深度,該第三井作為漂移井。在一實施例中,該第三井包圍該第二源極/汲極且延伸於該閘極下方,該閘極重疊該第三井或漂移井,以形成閘極重疊區Ogate
在一實施例中,該第三井的深度或底部位於該隔離區下方。例如,該漂移井自該裝置隔離區的底部延伸至該閘極下方。該第三井的深度可約為0.1至5μm,亦可具有其他深度,例如,其深度可取決於該裝置的設計電壓。位於該第一源極/汲極與第三井之間的該閘極下方的該基板形成該電晶體的通道,有效漂移距離始於該第二源極/汲極,繞過該漂移隔離區且到達該閘極下方的該通道。
該漂移井包括第一極型摻雜物。在一實施例中,該漂移井的摻雜濃度低於該汲極的摻雜濃度。在一實施例中,該漂移井可以第一極型摻雜物輕摻雜(x-)或中等摻雜(x)。例如,該漂移井的摻雜濃度約為1E12至1E14/cm3,亦可具有其他摻雜濃度。例如,其摻雜濃度可取決於該裝置的最大或崩潰電壓要求。
在一實施例中,該第二井、第一源極/汲極以及閘極共同耦接該ESD裝置的第一電極端。該第二源極/汲極耦接該ESD裝置的第二電極端。例如,該第一電極 端為源極端,且該第二電極端為汲極端。例如,該源極端耦接地,而該汲極端耦接VDD或I/O(輸入/輸出)焊墊。該ESD裝置亦可具有其他配置的端連接。
依據一實施例,設置第四井175。例如,該第四井作為第二源極/汲極井或汲極井。該汲極井設置於該汲極下方的該基板中。例如,該第四井的寬度可窄於、等於或大於該汲極的寬度,取決於工作電壓。該汲極井的深度在該漂移隔離區的底部與體井之間,該汲極井亦可具有其他深度。
該汲極井包括第一極型摻雜物。在一實施例中,該汲極井的摻雜濃度介於該第二源極/汲極與漂移井之間。在一實施例中,該汲極井可以第一極型摻雜物中等摻雜(x)。
可以發現,藉由在該汲極下方設置汲極井,電流經引導沿垂直方向而非水平方向流動。如此,在早期階段減輕或抑制基極擴展。此結果導致該ESD裝置具有改進的更均勻導通。
第2b圖係顯示裝置200b的另一實施例的剖視圖。該裝置類似第2a圖的裝置200a以及第1b圖的裝置100b。共同的元件將不再加以描述或詳細描述。如圖所示,基板105具有由裝置隔離區190隔離的裝置區。該裝置區包括ESD保護電路的第一及第二橫向擴散電晶體115a、115b。該裝置區包括第一、第二、第三以及第四摻雜井160、165、170、175。該第一井可作為隔離井,該第二井作為體 井,該第三井作為漂移井,且該第四井作為汲極井。可設置井接觸區162、167,可設置隔離區,例如,漂移隔離區192及井接觸隔離區194。可在該閘極電極、源/汲極及井接觸區上設置金屬矽化物接觸。
在一實施例中,設置第五井180。該第五井作為低電壓井。該低電壓井包括第二極型摻雜物。該低電壓井設置於該漂移井內。在一實施例中,該低電壓井設置於該汲極井與該漂移井邊緣之間。如圖所示,該低電壓井設置於該漂移隔離區192下方。
已發現,該低電壓井可增加該ESD裝置的保持電壓(Vh)。可以發現,藉由設置低電壓井,基極擴展現象被抑制。我們認為,該低電壓井沿水平方向為電流提供高電阻路徑。如此,引導電流沿垂直方向而非水平方向流動。此結果導致該ESD裝置具有改進的更均勻導通。
第2c圖係顯示裝置200c的另一實施例的剖視圖。裝置200c類似第2a圖的裝置200a及第1c圖的裝置100c。共同的元件將不再加以描述或詳細描述。如圖所示,基板105具有由裝置隔離區190隔離的裝置區。該裝置區包括ESD保護電路的第一及第二橫向擴散電晶體115a、115b。該裝置區包括第一、第二、第三及第四摻雜井160、165、170、175。該第一井可作為隔離井,該第二井作為體井,該第三井作為漂移井,且該第四井作為汲極井。可設置井接觸區162、167。可設置隔離區,例如,漂移隔離區192及井接觸隔離區192,可在該閘極電極、源/ 汲極及井接觸區上設置金屬矽化物接觸。
依據一實施例,縮小該漂移井。如圖所示,縮小該漂移井,以使其邊緣不會延伸於該閘極下方,且不會延伸至該通道區內。例如,該漂移井的內側邊緣位於該漂移隔離區192的中心下方。
已發現,縮小該漂移井可增加該ESD裝置的保持電壓(Vh)。可以發現,藉由縮小該漂移井,基極擴展現象被抑制。增加該ESD電路的寄生雙極型電晶體(BJT)的基極,以降低基區擴展現象,從而導致該ESD裝置具有改進的均勻導通。
第2d圖係顯示裝置200d的另一實施例的剖視圖。該裝置類似第2a圖的裝置200a及第1d圖的裝置100d。共同的元件將不再加以描述或詳細描述。如圖所示,基板105具有由裝置隔離區190隔離的裝置區。該裝置區包括ESD保護電路的第一及第二橫向擴散電晶體115a、115b。該裝置區包括第一、第二及第四摻雜井160、165、175。該第一井可作為隔離井,該第二井作為體井,且該第四井作為汲極井。可設置井接觸區162、167,可設置隔離區,例如,漂移隔離區192以及井接觸隔離區194,可在該閘極電極、源/汲極以及井接觸區上設置金屬矽化物接觸。
依據一實施例,與第2a圖的裝置200a不同,不設置漂移井。如圖所示,該體井至少包圍該第一源極/汲極以及一部分該閘極。如圖所示,該體井包圍該第一 源極/汲極以及自該閘極的第一側起的該閘極的部分。在未設置漂移井的情況下,該汲極藉由該隔離井耦接該通道,例如,依據總體的汲極面積可優化該汲極井。移除該漂移井消除了基極擴展現象。電流經引導且僅沿垂直方向流動。此結果導致該ESD裝置具有改進的更均勻導通。亦可發現,該配置改進了ESD性能。
可以其他特定形式實施本發明而不背離本發明的精神或基本特徵。因此,上述實施例在各方面被視為說明性質而非限制本發明。因此,本發明的範圍由所附申請專利範圍而非上述說明表示,且意圖包括在該申請專利範圍的等同意義及範圍內的所有變更。
100a‧‧‧裝置
105‧‧‧基板
110‧‧‧裝置區
115‧‧‧ESD保護電路
120‧‧‧閘極
124‧‧‧閘極介電層
126‧‧‧閘極電極
130‧‧‧第一源極/汲極區
134‧‧‧第一電極端
140‧‧‧第二源極/汲極區
144‧‧‧第二電極端
160‧‧‧第一井
162‧‧‧第一井接觸
165‧‧‧第二井
167‧‧‧第二井接觸
170‧‧‧第三井
175‧‧‧第四井
190、194‧‧‧隔離區
192‧‧‧漂移隔離區

Claims (21)

  1. 一種具有靜電放電保護電路之裝置,係包括:基板,係定義為裝置區,該裝置區包括具有電晶體的靜電放電(ESD)保護電路,其中,該電晶體包括:閘極,係具有第一側及第二側,第一擴散區,係位於鄰近該閘極之該第一側的該裝置區中,其中,該閘極重疊該第一擴散區,第二擴散區,係位於離開該閘極之該第二側的該裝置區中,其中,該第一及第二擴散區包括第一極型摻雜物,以及漂移隔離區,係設置於該閘極及該第二擴散區之間;第一裝置井,係包圍該裝置區;第二裝置井,係設置於該第一裝置井內;以及汲極井,係具有該第一極型摻雜物,該汲極井設置於該第二擴散區下方及該第一裝置井內。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的裝置,其中,該第一裝置井包括該第一極型摻雜物,且該第二裝置井包括第二極型摻雜物。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述的裝置,其中,該第一極型包括n型,且該第二極型包括p型。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的裝置,其中,該第二裝置井至少包圍該第一擴散區及一部分該閘極。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的裝置,其中,該第二裝 置井包圍該閘極、該漂移隔離區及該第二擴散區。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的裝置,復包括漂移井,設置於該第二裝置井內。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的裝置,其中,該第一裝置井及該漂移井包括該第一極型摻雜物,且該第二裝置井包括第二極型摻雜物。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第7項所述的裝置,其中,該第一極型包括n型,且該第二極型包括p型。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的裝置,其中,該漂移井包圍該第二擴散區。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述的裝置,其中,該漂移井自該閘極的該第二側延伸於該閘極下方。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的裝置,其中,該閘極重疊該第一擴散區0.1-0.5μm。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的裝置,其中,該汲極井具有介於該漂移隔離區與該第二裝置井之間的深度。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第12項所述的裝置,其中,該汲極井具有窄於該第二裝置井的寬度。
  14. 一種靜電放電保護電路,係包括:基板,係具有位於裝置區中的第一裝置井及第二裝置井,其中,該第二裝置井設置於該第一裝置井內;電晶體,係位於該裝置區中,其中,該電晶體包括:閘極,係具有第一側及第二側,以及 鄰近該閘極的該第一側的第一擴散區以及離開該閘極的該第二側的第二擴散區,其中,該閘極重疊該第一擴散區,以及漂移隔離區,係設於該閘極及該第二擴散區之間;以及汲極井,係設置於該第二擴散區下方及該第一裝置井內。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第14項所述的靜電放電保護電路,其中,該第一及第二擴散區、該第一裝置井及該汲極井包括第一極型摻雜物,且該第二裝置井包括第二極型摻雜物。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第15項所述的靜電放電保護電路,其中,該第一極型包括n型,且該第二極型包括p型。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第14項所述的靜電放電保護電路,其中,該第二裝置井至少包圍該第一擴散區以及一部分該閘極。
  18. 如申請專利範圍第17項所述的靜電放電保護電路,其中,該第二裝置井包圍該閘極、該漂移隔離區及該第二擴散區。
  19. 如申請專利範圍第14項所述的靜電放電保護電路,復包括漂移井,設置於該第二裝置井內。
  20. 如申請專利範圍第14項所述的靜電放電保護電路,其中,該閘極重疊該第一擴散區0.1-0.5μm。
  21. 一種具有靜電放電保護電路之裝置,係包括: 基板,係定義為裝置區,該裝置區包括具有電晶體的靜電放電(ESD)保護電路,其中,該電晶體包括:閘極,係具有第一側及第二側,第一擴散區,係位於鄰近該閘極之該第一側的該裝置區中,第二擴散區,係位於離開該閘極之該第二側的該裝置區中,其中,該第一及第二擴散區包括第一極型摻雜物,以及漂移隔離區,係設置於該閘極及該第二擴散區之間;第一裝置井,係包圍該裝置區;第二裝置井,係設置於該第一裝置井內;汲極井,係具有該第一極型摻雜物,該汲極井設置於該第二擴散區下方及該第一裝置井內;以及低電壓井,其中,該低電壓井設置於該漂移井內與該漂移隔離區下方。
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