TWI517431B - 形成發光二極體裝置的方法 - Google Patents
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Description
本發明係有關於半導體裝置,且特別是有關於一種形成發光二極體裝置的方法。
利用電流在p-n接合所產生之電子及電洞輻射性再結合,可產生電磁輻射(例如:光)。在從直接能隙材料(例如GaAs或GaN)製造的正偏壓之p-n接合,該注入空乏區之電子電洞再結合產生電磁輻射之射出。該電磁輻射可以在可見光的範圍內,或是在非可見光的範圍內。使用具有不同能隙之材料亦可產生出具有不同發光顏色之發光二極體。此外,一發光二極體發出具有特定波長範圍之電磁輻射時,係表示可利用一螢光體來吸收該等輻射,並發射出一或多種不同之波長的輻射。因此,舉例來說,一發光二極體發出非可見光時,可利用一螢光體將該非可見光轉換成一可見光。
一般來說,發光二極體結構具有一發光層形成於一下層及一上層間,其中該上層及該下層具有相反型態的導電性質。電極被形成來與該下層及該上層接觸。流經該電極與發光層間的電流係採最少電阻的路徑來行動。在許多的發光二極體組態中,該上電極係直接配置於該發光層之上,而發光層所發出的光則會被該上電極所阻礙而被遮蔽,因此大幅降低該發光二極體之發光效率。
一用來解決該上電極阻光影響以增加發光效率的方法係被提出,該方法係在形成該上層之前,預先形成一介電層於部份之該發光層上。該上電極係配置於該介電層之正上方,因此當電流流經該上電極及該下層之間時,被迫延著該介電層的四周流動。如此一來,流經該上層及下層間之電流並不會流經該上電極之正下方,因此可限制被該上電極所阻礙的光量,且增加該發光二極體之發光效率。
該介電層一般都是以沉積氧化矽於發光層上並進一步圖形化所形成。該沉積及圖形化的步驟會增加標準發光二極體製程額外的製成成本及製程複雜度。此外,由於圖形化的步驟都會包含一蝕刻製程,而該蝕刻製程有可能會損害該發光層之表面及降低其結晶品質。蝕刻製程所造成的損害對所得之發光二極體裝置會產生不利的影響,且降低該發光二極體裝置的良率。
綜上所述,發展出具有較佳發光效率之發光二極體裝置及其製程是十分必要的。
本發明之實施例提供具有平坦表面的發光二極體,來降低、解決或避免習知技術所存在的問題,並達到所期望的技術優點。
根據本發明之一目的,係提供一發光二極體裝置。該發光二極體裝置包含一基板,以及一發光二極體結構形成於該基板之上。該發光二極體結構包含一下層、一發光層,及一上層。一電流阻擋層係形成於該上層之內,以致於使得該上層具有平坦的上表面。舉例來說,該電流阻擋層可以利用離子佈植(所使用之離子例如:鎂、碳、或矽離子)的方式進入部份之上層,形成一具有電阻阻抗的區域。此外,在上述離子佈植的步驟後,另一額外的上層可以進一步形成於該上層之上。
根據本發明另一目的,係提供一形成發光二極體裝置的方法,該方法包含:提供一基板,以及形成一發光二極體結構於該基板之上,其中該發光二極體結構包含一第一層、一主動層、及一第二層。接著,形成一電流阻擋層於該第二層之內,例如形成一具有電阻阻抗的區域。該具有電阻阻抗的區域之形成方式舉例來說,可為一佈植製程。在進行佈植的步驟後,可以形成另一膜層於該第二層之上。
根據本發明又一目的,該形成發光二極體裝置的方法亦可包含以下步驟:提供一基板,以及形成一發光二極體結構於該基板之上。該發光二極體結構可包含一或一以上之下層,一或一以上之發光層、以及一或一以上之第一上層;以及佈植離子進入該一或一以上之第一上層中之至少一層內,以形成一具有電阻阻抗的膜層。接著,形成一或一以上之第二上層於該一或一以上之第一上層之上。為讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉出較佳實施例,並配合所附圖式,作詳細說明如下:
本發明接下來將會提供許多不同的實施例以實施本發明中不同的特徵。各特定實施例中的組成及配置將會在以下作描述以簡化本發明。這些為實施例並非用於限定本發明。
本發明係提供一用以形成發光二極體裝置的新穎方法。可以被理解地,本發明係僅繪示出本發明所述之方法的必要步驟,不過其它已被知曉用於此技術領域的步驟或製程亦可被加入於該方法中。在本發明之實施例所述之圖示中,類似的單元係以類似的元件符號來表示。
第1-3圖係繪示不同之中介製程步驟,用以形成本發明一實施例所述之具有電流阻擋層的發光二極體裝置100。請參照第1圖,該發光二極體裝置100具有一基板102及一發光二極體結構104形成於該基板102之上。該基板102較佳係為一藍寶石總體基材或一矽基材,可以具有摻雜或非摻雜。值得注意的是,當本發明之實施例其內文描述使用一藍寶石基板,亦可以其他基板來替代。舉例來說,一般使用於發光二極體製造之基板,像是SiC基板,亦可以用來取代本發明所述實施例所述之基板。此外,具有不同面位向之基板亦可被使用,像是(111)、(100)、或(110)等面位向。
該發光二極體結構104可包含任何適用於特定應用的發光二極體結構。一般來說,該發光二極體結構104包含一下發光二極體層110形成於該基板102之表面上。較佳地,下發光二極體層110係由具有第一型態導電性質摻雜物的III-V族化合物所構成。舉例來說,具有第一型態導電性質摻雜物的III-V族化合物可例如為具有n-型導電性質之n-GaN。該下發光二極體層110(n-GaN)之形成方法,舉例來說,可為磊晶成長製程,像是金屬有機CVD(MOCVD)、分子束磊晶(MBE)、氫化物氣相磊晶(HVPE)、及液相磊晶(LPE)等。其它III-V族化合物亦可被使用,舉例來說,可包含GaN、InN、AlN、InxGa(1-x)N、AlxGa(1-x)N、或AlxInyGa(1-x-y)N等,其中其中、。
一發光層112(亦被稱為主動層)係形成於該下發光二極體層110之上。該發光層112可包含一均質接面、一異質接面、一單一量子井(SQW)、或一多重量子井(MQW)結構。在一較佳實施例中,該發光層112包含非摻雜n-型氮化鎵銦(GaxInyN(1-x-y))。在另一實施例中,發光層112可包含其他常用之材料,例如AlxInyGa(1-x-y)N。在又一實施例中,該發光層112可具有多重量子井結構,包含多重量子井層(像是InGaN)及一具交替樣式之阻障層(像是GaN)。同樣地,該發光層112之形成方法可為MOCVD、MBE、HVPE、LPE、或其他可適用的CVD方法。
一上發光二極體層114係沉積於該發光層112之上。該上發光二極體層114較佳係包含具有第二型態導電性質摻雜的III-N族化合物,像是p-GaN。該第二型態導電性質係係與第一型態導電性質相反。該上發光二極體層114可利用與下發光二極體層110相同之製程所形成。
值得注意的是上述之描述係為一般發光二極體結構之概述,用來達到說明的目的。其它膜層,像是分佈式布拉格反射層、全位向反射層、緩衝/成核層、或披覆/接觸層等,可以視需要加入於發光二極體結構中。此外,值得注意的是,本發明所述之單一層、或複合層,其可由相同之材料或不同的材料所構成。
舉例來說,該下發光二極體層及該上發光二極體層可分別包含一或一以上之接觸層及一或一以上之披覆層,其可由相同或不同之材料所形成。該發光二極體結構可依材料的型態及使用目的而不同。本發明實施例所述之發光二極體結構可變化為許多型態是可被預期的。
第2圖係繪示根據本發明一實施例,形成一電流阻擋層202形成於該上發光二極體層114之內。該電流阻擋層202包含形成於該上發光二極體層114內之部份區域114或是形成於形成在該發光二極體結構104之上的導電層/基板之內,該電流阻擋層202係包含一電阻材料。值得注意的是,第2圖所示延著上發光二極體層114底部所形成之該電流阻擋層202僅為一圖示。該電流阻擋層202可以配置於任何位於上發光二極體層114內之位置。舉例來說,該電流阻擋層202可延著該上發光二極體層114上表面配置,或是形成於該上發光二極體層114內的中間位置。
該電流阻擋層202所包含之電阻材料區域係以佈植雜質的方式形成於該上發光二極體層114內。在一實施例中,該電阻材料區域係利用佈植鎂離子於該上發光二極體層114內來形成。在此,一光阻層204可以利用旋轉塗佈的方式來形成及利用微影蝕刻的方式來圖形化。該光阻層204可用來達到選擇性佈植該上發光二極體層114的目的,以形成電流阻擋層202。
在該實施例中,該鎂離子之植佈劑量係介於約1 x 1014至約1 x 1015atoms/cm2及植佈能量係介於約10至約100KeV,並以箭頭208來表示。該電流阻擋層202之垂直位向係為該上發光二極體層114具有最大的佈植摻雜濃度的區域,可以利用調整佈植能量來控制摻雜濃度。其它的製程條件亦可被使用。此外,其它的摻質,例如Si、或C等,亦可用來佈植入該上發光二極體層114中以形成具有電阻阻抗的區域。該電流阻擋層202較佳係具有一寬度介於約50至約500μm間。
第3圖係根據本發明一較佳實施例繪示一上電極302及一下電極304。舉例來說,該上電極302可以使用一自對準“掀舉”製程,其中該上電極302係沉積於該圖形化之光阻層204,接著移除非所需的電極材料及光阻層204。該上電極302係提供一電性連結至該上發光二極體層114,而該下電極304係提供一電性連結至該下發光二極體層110。在一實施例中,該下發光二極體層110係為一n-型半導體,而該下電極304較佳係由一或一以上之金屬或合金所形成之歐姆接觸,例如Ti/Al、或Ti/Au等合金。在此,該上電極302與該p型上發光二極體層114達到歐姆接觸,且上電極302可由一或一以上之金屬或合金所形成,例如Ni/Au等。
一熟知此技藝之人士可了解將該上電極302形成於該電流阻擋層202之正上方的用意。如果沒有形成該電流阻擋層202,由該上電極302流經該發光層112並流入該下發光二極體層110之電流路徑大體上將會是一直線路徑。因此,該發光層112所發出的光部份被該上電極302所遮蔽,大幅降低該發光二極體裝置的發光效率。當放置該上電極302於一電流阻擋層202之上時,將使得原本由該上電極30直線流入該下發光二極體層110的電流,改為延著該電流阻擋層202四周流動,如第3圖之虛線箭頭所示。因此,當電流行經該上發光二極體層114及該下發光二極體層110之間時,由該發光層112所發出的大體上不會被該上電極302所遮蔽。
請參第4及5圖,係為根據本發明另一實施例所示之形成發光二極體裝置400方法。第4圖包含與第1、及2圖所述發光二極體裝置100實質上相同之膜層,且該等膜層係使用與第1、及2圖相似之製造方法及材料。其不同處在於,在第4圖中,係以一第一上發光二極體層402取代該上發光二極體層(第1-3圖所示之膜層114)。第4圖所示之該第一上發光二極體層402之厚度係小於第1-3圖所示之上發光二極體層114的所需最後厚度。
於第1-3圖所示之實施例,用來形成該電流阻擋層202之佈植製程有可能會傷害到該上發光二極體層114之表面。且形成及移除光阻層204亦有可能傷害到該上發光二極體層114之表面。在某些例子中,該上發光二極體層114之表面傷害將對形成於其上之膜層造成電性接觸的不良影響,像是接下來所形成之該上電極302,降低所得之發光二極體裝置其性能及穩定性。在一實施例中,該表面傷害對於較厚之膜層的影響大於較薄的膜層。在此,形成一如第4圖所示之第一上發光二極體層402。接著,利用佈植方式將該電流阻擋層202形成於該第一上發光二極體層402之內,如圖所示之箭頭208。該電流阻擋層202之形成方式如同第2圖所述。在形成該電流阻擋層202之前或後,可以再進行一活化退火製程。
第5圖係繪示本發明一實施例所述之該發光二極體裝置400,其係在形成一第二上發光二極體層502於該第一上發光二極體層402之後所得。該第二上發光二極體層502可與該第一上發光二極體層402具有相同材料且以相類似的製造方法所形成。該第二上發光二極體層502與該第一上發光二極體層402之總厚度係介於約1000至約3000之間,且該第二上發光二極體層502較佳係具有一厚度約300至約2700之間。
一熟知此技藝之人士可了解將該第二上發光二極體層502形成於該第一上發光二極體層402之上,可修復該第一上發光二極體層402之表面,因此可提供一較佳之表面(第二上發光二極體層502之上表面)以利後續形成於其上的膜層達到電生接觸。之後,進行後續製程以完成該發光二極體裝置400。該後續製程可包含,舉例來說,如第3圖所繪示之形成上電極302及下電極304。該發光二極體裝置400之操作係與揭露於第3圖之該發光二極體裝置100相類似。
雖然本發明已以數個較佳實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作任意之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
100‧‧‧發光二極體裝置
102‧‧‧基板
104‧‧‧發光二極體結構
110‧‧‧下發光二極體層
112‧‧‧發光層
114‧‧‧上發光二極體層
202‧‧‧電流阻擋層
204‧‧‧光阻層
208‧‧‧離子佈植製程
302‧‧‧上電極
304‧‧‧下電極
402‧‧‧第一上發光二極體層
502‧‧‧第二上發光二極體層
第1-3圖係繪示本發明一實施例所述發光二極體裝置之製程步驟;以及第4-5圖係繪示本發明另一實施例所述發光二極體裝置之製程步驟。
100‧‧‧發光二極體裝置
102‧‧‧基板
104‧‧‧發光二極體結構
110‧‧‧下發光二極體層
112‧‧‧發光層
114‧‧‧上發光二極體層
202‧‧‧電流阻擋層
302‧‧‧上電極
304‧‧‧下電極
Claims (11)
- 一種形成發光二極體裝置的方法,包含:提供一基板;形成一發光二極體結構於該基板之第一側上,其中該發光二極體結構具有一下層形成於該基板之上、一主動層形成於該下層之上,以及一第一上層形成於該主動層之上;利用佈植雜質方式形成一電流阻擋層於該第一上層之內;在佈植雜質之步驟後,形成一第二上層於該第一上層及該電流阻擋層之上;形成一第一電極於該第二上層之上,且該第一電極與該第二上層電性連結;以及形成一第二電極於該下層之上,且該第二電極與該下層電性連結,其中該第一電極及第二電極配置於該基板之第一側。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之形成發光二極體裝置的方法,其中該形成該電流阻擋層之步驟係至少部份以離子佈植方式來進行,且係在形成該第一上層之步驟後,以及係在形成該第二上層之步驟前。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之形成發光二極體裝置的方法,其中該離子佈植包含佈植鎂、碳、或矽離子。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之形成發光二極體裝置的方法,更包含一活化退火製程。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之形成發光二極體裝 置的方法,其中該雜質包含鎂、碳、或矽離子。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之形成發光二極體裝置的方法,其中該第一電極位於該電流阻擋層之上方。
- 一種形成發光二極體裝置的方法,包含:提供一基板;形成一發光二極體結構於該基板之上,該發光二極體結構具有一或一以上之下層,一或一以上之發光層、以及一或一以上之上層;置入雜質於該一或一以上之上層中之至少一層內,以形成一電流阻擋層,其中該電流阻擋層係較該一或一以上之上層中之至少一層具有較高之電阻;在置入雜質之步驟後,形成一或一以上之額外上層於該第一上層及該電流阻擋層之上;形成一第一電極於該額外上層之上,且該第一電極與該額外上層電性連結;以及形成一第二電極於該下層之上,且該第二電極與該下層電性連結,其中該第一電極及第二電極配置於該基板之第一側。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之形成發光二極體裝置的方法,其中該置入雜質之步驟包含佈植離子進入該一或一以上之上層中之至少一層內。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之形成發光二極體裝置的方法,其中該一或一以上之額外上層係與該一或一以上之上層具有相同型態之導電性質。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之形成發光二極體裝 置的方法,其中該離子包含鎂、碳、或矽離子。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之形成發光二極體裝置的方法,其中該第一電極位於該電流阻擋層之上方。
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KR100867529B1 (ko) | 2006-11-14 | 2008-11-10 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 수직형 발광 소자 |
US8399273B2 (en) * | 2008-08-18 | 2013-03-19 | Tsmc Solid State Lighting Ltd. | Light-emitting diode with current-spreading region |
US8507940B2 (en) | 2010-04-05 | 2013-08-13 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Heat dissipation by through silicon plugs |
-
2009
- 2009-08-12 US US12/539,757 patent/US8399273B2/en active Active
- 2009-08-18 TW TW098127687A patent/TWI517431B/zh active
- 2009-08-18 CN CN 200910166790 patent/CN101656287B/zh active Active
-
2013
- 2013-03-11 US US13/793,198 patent/US8823049B2/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-08-29 US US14/472,495 patent/US20150053918A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101656287A (zh) | 2010-02-24 |
TW201010145A (en) | 2010-03-01 |
US20150053918A1 (en) | 2015-02-26 |
US8823049B2 (en) | 2014-09-02 |
US8399273B2 (en) | 2013-03-19 |
US20100038674A1 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
CN101656287B (zh) | 2012-08-29 |
US20130264539A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
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