TWI471476B - The method of reducing the surface temperature by using ceramic tile and ceramic tile - Google Patents

Description

Pottery tile and method for reducing surface temperature by using ceramic tile Related application

The present application claims the priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-170076, filed on Jan. 29, 2010, which is hereby incorporated by reference.

The present invention relates to a ceramic tile which can be relatively maintained for a long period of time when the temperature of the tile surface is lowered by splashing water in a state where the sunlight is irradiated for a long time, especially for a balcony or a terrace in summer.

Conventionally, it has been known that water can be poured into a wall body made of a porous ceramic or the like to obtain a cooling effect. A method of producing such a porous ceramic is known, and a method of adding a foamed material (a pore-providing material) is known (for example, Patent Document 1 (JP-A-2005-348631)), or a ceramic itself is used for foaming. A method of a material (for example, Patent Document 2 (JP-A-2003-184199)). That is, a porous ceramic is obtained by adding some components corresponding to pores to a ceramic raw material.

In the patent document 1 (JP-A-2005-348631), for example, paper chips generated by cutting of paper products and fine particles having a particle diameter of about 0.5 to 2 mm, or sawdust-like wood chips or a thermal power plant are used. The coal dust (fly ash) of the waste is used as a foaming material (porous material), and this part is foamed to obtain a bubble.

In the patent document 2 (JP-A-2003-184199), a foamed ceramic sintered body mainly composed of vermiculite is used as the foaming material used in the present invention.

Prior technical literature Patent literature

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-348631

Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-184199

The present inventors have found that the through hole has a through hole in the thickness direction, and the shape of the through hole is an elongated shape, and the air hole formed by the through hole observed on the surface of the tile is cut. Compared with the area, the cross-sectional area of the air hole formed by the through hole in the center of the inside of the tile is large, and the structure of the ceramic tile obtained by sintering is particularly large for a balcony or a terrace in summer. The temperature of the surface of the tile caused by splashing water when the sunlight is irradiated for a long time can be relatively maintained for a long time.

That is, the object of the present invention is to provide a ceramic tile, such as a balcony, a terrace, and the like in summer, which can be relatively long when the water is poured under the long-term illumination of the sunlight, and the temperature of the surface of the tile can be relatively long. Quality tiles.

The ceramic tile of the present invention has a structure of a ceramic tile obtained by sintering, and has a through hole in a thickness direction, and the shape of the through hole is an elongated shape, and is observed on the surface of the tile. The cross-sectional area of the air hole formed by the through hole is larger than the ceramic tile in which the cross-sectional area of the air hole formed in the through hole in the center of the inside of the tile is large.

In addition, according to another aspect of the present invention, the use of the ceramic tile of the present invention in a balcony floor or a terrace floor is provided, which is capable of lowering the temperature after splashing water under the condition that the sun is irradiated for a long time. Lasts more than 1 hour.

Further, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for reducing a surface temperature of a place where sunlight is irradiated, the method comprising: placing the ceramic tile of the present invention described above in sunlight and the surface temperature is raised to At a temperature above 50 ° C, water is poured on the ceramic tile to reduce the surface temperature.

Effect of the invention:

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a ceramic tile which can be relatively maintained for a long time when the water is splashed in a state where the sunlight is irradiated for a long time, especially for a balcony, a terrace, or the like in the summer. .

Pottery tile

In the ceramic tile of the present invention, the temperature drop of the surface of the tile brought by splashing water can be relatively maintained for a relatively long time. The reason why the above-mentioned unexpected effect can be obtained by the tile of the present invention is still unclear, but it can be considered as follows. However, the following description is merely an assumption, and the present invention is not limited to the description.

In the conventional foamed tile, when the foaming gas component escapes to the outside by sintering, since gasification occurs in a specific temperature rising temperature region, the pores corresponding to the size of the foaming material are formed toward the surface. At this time, since the material component constituting the escape path is compressed, it is easy to cause the portion other than the escape path to be sintered. In such a tile, a separate large pore from the foamed material and a compact portion corresponding to a very small pore or a closed pore which is not easily penetrated by the portion to be sintered are produced on the surface. Under such a configuration, it is beneficial to the gasification pores after the water is poured, and only the large pores are independent, and a large ratio of the porosity can not ensure the high heat of vaporization. In addition, since the internal structure of the pores and the structure of the external structure are almost non-existent, the water splashing effect disappears relatively quickly. On the other hand, in the ceramic tile of the present invention, since the through hole is provided, the pores inside the sintered body are large (that is, the surface area of the pore is small), and the pores on the surface of the sintered body are formed into a narrow elongated shape. Therefore, the ratio of pores beneficial to water splashing can be increased, and the state of internal water retention can be maintained for a relatively long period of time. As a result, the temperature of the surface of the tile which is brought about when the water is poured is lowered, and can be relatively maintained for a long time.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the width of the elongated pores of the through holes is 10 μm or more and 40 μm or less. When the width of the pores is 10 μm or more, a sufficient amount of vaporization can be ensured, and when it is 40 μm or less, it is possible to retain water inside for a certain period of time by capillary force.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surface area of the pores measured by the mercury intrusion porosimetry method is 0.1 m ² /g or more and 0.5 m ² /g or less. By setting the pore surface area within this range, the ratio of the retained pores which is beneficial to the water repellency effect can be increased. Specifically, when it is 0.1 m ² /g or more, it is possible to effectively prevent the water from escaping rapidly in the direction of the thickness of the tile, and when it is 0.5 m ² /g or less, the sintered body of the through hole can be formed. The pore diameter of the portion is formed to be sufficiently large.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water absorption of the tile according to the boiling method is 5% or more and 15% or less from the viewpoint of ensuring a sufficient water retention amount.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water retention ratio (weight) at which the 250 W infrared lamp is irradiated to the tile for 60 minutes is divided by the weight change before and after the irradiation to be 0.35 or more and 0.5 or less. By setting the above value to 0.35 or more, when the surface temperature of the present invention rises to a balcony floor or a terrace floor of 50 ° C or more in summer, the state of the surface temperature of the tile of the present invention can be relatively maintained by splashing water. For a long time. Further, by setting the above value to 0.5 or less, when applying a balcony floor or a terrace floor whose surface temperature rises to 50 ° C or more in summer, the tile of the present invention can more effectively reduce the surface temperature by splashing water. .

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the 250 W infrared lamp is irradiated onto the tile having a surface temperature of 27 ° C, the time to reach 50 ° C is 50 minutes or longer. Thereby, when the balcony floor or the terrace floor whose surface temperature rises above 50 ° C in summer is applied, the tile of the present invention can reduce the surface temperature more effectively by splashing water, and the state of temperature reduction can be relatively maintained. For a long time.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water retention rate after irradiation of the 250 W infrared lamp to the tile for 60 minutes is 0.26 or more with respect to the water before irradiation. Here, the water retention rate after the irradiation means a value obtained by dividing the water retention rate (weight) before irradiation by the water retention rate (weight) after the irradiation. By setting the above value to 0.26 or more, when the surface temperature of the present invention rises to 50 ° C or more in the summer, the tile of the present invention can be relatively maintained by pouring water to lower the surface temperature. For a long time. Further, by setting the above value to 0.40 or less, when applying a balcony floor or a terrace floor whose surface temperature rises to 50 ° C or more in summer, the tile of the present invention can more effectively reduce the surface temperature by splashing water. .

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the latent heat of vaporization after the 250 W infrared lamp is irradiated to the tile for 60 minutes with respect to the latent heat of vaporization before the irradiation is 0.25 or more and 0.40 or less. Here, the latent heat of vaporization is calculated from the water retention weight and the tile surface temperature. The heat of evaporation of water at 100 ° C was 539 g/cal. By setting the above value to 0.25 or more, when the surface temperature of the present invention is raised to 50 ° C or more in the summer, the tile of the present invention can be relatively maintained by pouring water to lower the surface temperature. For a long time. Further, by setting the above value to 0.40 or less, when applying a balcony floor or a terrace floor whose surface temperature rises to 50 ° C or more in summer, the tile of the present invention can more effectively reduce the surface temperature by splashing water. .

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pore diameter of 10% from the smaller pore size measured by the mercury intrusion porosimetry is 2.2 μm or less and 0.2 μm or more. Here, the pore diameter of 10% from the smaller pore size means that among all the pores, when the pore diameter is smaller, the pores of the entire pore volume are present at 10% of the position. Aperture. By setting the pore diameter of 10% from the smaller pore size to 2.2 μm or less as measured by the mercury intrusion porosimetry, it can be a porous structure that achieves a balance between water retention and gasification, and can be more water-sprayed. The surface temperature of the tile applied to the balcony floor or the terrace floor is effectively reduced, and the state in which the surface temperature is lowered by splashing water can be relatively maintained for a long time. In addition, the pore diameter of 10% from the smaller pore size measured by the mercury intrusion porosimetry is set to 0.2 μm or more, and more preferably 0.3 μm or more, and most preferably 0.5 μm or more, which is not useful. The amount of fine pores suppressed by the above two effects is at a minimum.

The above-described tile of the present invention is particularly suitable for use in a balcony or a terrace. Especially when applied as the floor tile, the effect of the present invention can be sufficiently obtained.

Tile manufacturing method

In the method for producing a tile according to the present invention, for example, in a material in which a plurality of materials (ceramic material and magnetic material) having different degrees of sinterization are uniformly mixed, the material is formed by mixing the powder, and substantially A component containing a component which is lost by sintering and which generates pores, or a component which is foamed by sintering and generates pores, such as a pore-forming agent such as cinder ash or fly ash, is prepared and sintered. Further, the ratio of the above respective raw materials or the sintering conditions can be adjusted to achieve the physical properties of the above-described tile of the present invention, for example, the pore surface area is 0.1 m ² /g or more and 0.5 m ² /g or less, and the sintering temperature is obtained. The water absorption rate is 5% or more and 15% or less, the median diameter of the pores measured by the mercury intrusion porosimetry method is 2 to 10 μm, and the measurement from the smaller pore size is 10 according to the mercury intrusion porosimetry method. The pore diameter of % is 1 μm or more, the pore surface area S (m ² /g) measured by the mercury intrusion porosimetry method of the aforementioned tile and the pore volume measured by the mercury intrusion method according to the above-mentioned tile ( The ratio of S/V of cc/g) is 10 or less.

Example Example 1.

The material of the raw material consisting of 45 parts by mass of the pottery clay, 45 parts by mass of the magnetic material clay, and 10 parts by mass of the calcined powder is molded into a tile-forming body, and then in a roller tunnel kiln at 1200~ Sintering was carried out at 1300 ° C to obtain a sample.

Comparative Example 1.

The material of the raw material consisting of 35 parts by mass of the pottery clay, 40 parts by mass of the magnetic material clay, 10 parts by mass of the calcined coal, and 15 parts by mass of the coal residue ash is molded to form a tile-forming body, and then in a roller tunnel. In the kiln, sintering is carried out at 1200 to 1300 ° C to obtain a sample.

For the obtained sample, the pore surface area S (m ² /g) and the median diameter D50 (μm) of the pores were determined by a porosimeter (mercury mercury porosimetry), and 10 from the smaller pore size. % pore diameter D10 (μm), pore volume V (cc / g), pore surface area S (m ² / g) and the pore volume V (cc / measured by the mercury intrusion method according to the above-mentioned tile) g) ratio S/V (m ² /cc). The result is shown in the first table.

Next, the cross sections of the samples of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were observed with an electron microscope. The electron micrograph is shown in Figs. 1 and 2. In Fig. 1, many elongated pores are observed on the surface and inside, and there are many large pores inside. In contrast, in Fig. 2, independent large circular steam holes were also observed.

Further, the surface of the sample of Example 1 was observed with an electron microscope. The electron micrograph is shown in Fig. 3. From the comparison between Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, it is found that in the first embodiment, the area of the pores observed in the cross section of the central portion is increased as compared with the surface of the plate portion.

Further, in the first embodiment, the funnel was adhered to the surface of the sample, and after drying, 80 ml of red ink was injected to carry out the penetration test, and after 2 days, the red ink was observed to drip from the inner surface of the sample, and it was found that it was continuous. hole. Further, in the same test as in Comparative Example 1, the instillation of the red ink from the inner surface of the sample was not confirmed after 2 days.

Further, the tiles of 100 samples of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were placed in a dryer at 80 ° C, and immersed in water for 30 minutes. At this time, the temperature of the surface of the tile was 27 ° C.

Then, each sample after immersion was irradiated with a 250 W infrared lamp for 60 minutes under the conditions of a humidity of 40%, and the surface temperature of each sample was measured, and Example 1 was 49 ° C, and Comparative Example 1 was 58 ° C. A gap can be observed.

Further, in this condition, the value of the water retention ratio (weight) was changed by the weight change before and after the irradiation, and Example 1 was 0.42, and Comparative Example 1 was 0.33.

Further, the water retention rate after the 60-minute irradiation under the conditions was 0.30 in the first embodiment and 0.25 in the comparative example 1. Here, the water retention rate after the irradiation means a value obtained by dividing the water retention rate (weight) before irradiation by the water retention rate (weight) after the irradiation.

Further, the ratio of the latent heat of vaporization after the irradiation of the 250 W infrared lamp for 60 minutes under this condition to the latent heat of vaporization before the irradiation was 0.28 in the first embodiment and 0.23 in the comparative example 1. Here, the latent heat of vaporization is calculated from the water retention weight and the tile surface temperature. The heat of evaporation of water at 100 ° C was 539 g/cal.

Further, when each of the immersed samples was irradiated with a 250 W infrared lamp for 120 minutes under a humidity of 40%, and the surface temperature of each sample was measured, Example 1 was 57 ° C, and Comparative Example 1 was 64 ° C. The two can still observe the gap.

Further, each of the immersed samples was irradiated with a 250 W infrared lamp under the conditions of a humidity of 40%, and the surface temperature of each sample was measured to be 50 ° C. The first example was 65 minutes, and the comparative example 1 was 40 minutes. Both can observe the gap.

Fig. 1 is a photomicrograph of a cross section of a ceramic tile obtained in Example 1.

Fig. 2 is a photomicrograph of a cross section of the ceramic tile obtained in Comparative Example 1.

Fig. 3 is a photomicrograph of the surface of the ceramic tile obtained in Example 1.

Claims (13)

A pottery-type tile comprising a pottery material and a magnetic material, and is made of a material that does not contain a component that is lost due to sintering and generates pores, or a component that is foamed by sintering and generates pores. a ceramic tile obtained by sintering, wherein the tile has an elongated hole in a thickness direction; and a sectional area of a hole formed by the through hole observed on a surface of the tile; The cross-sectional area of the air hole formed by the through hole in the center of the inside of the tile is large. The ceramic tile according to claim 1 of the patent application further comprises a powdered powder. The ceramic tile according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a width of the elongated pore of the through hole is 10 μm or more and 40 μm or less. The ceramic tile according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surface of the tile has a pore surface area measured by a mercury intrusion porosimetry of 0.1 m ² /g or more and 0.5 m ² /g or less. The ceramic tile according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water absorption of the tile according to the boiling method is 5% or more and 15% or less. The ceramic tile according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water retention rate of the 250 W infrared lamp irradiated to the tile for 60 minutes divided by the weight change before and after the irradiation is 0.35 or more. A ceramic tile as described in claim 1 or 2, In the case where the 250 W infrared lamp was irradiated to the tile having a surface temperature of 27 ° C, the time to reach 50 ° C was 50 minutes or longer. The ceramic tile according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water retention rate of the 250 W infrared lamp after irradiation to the tile for 60 minutes is 0.26 or more with respect to the water before the irradiation. The ceramic tile according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the latent heat of evaporation when the 250 W infrared lamp is irradiated to the tile for 60 minutes is 1300 kcal or more. The ceramic tile according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the diameter of the tile determined by the mercury intrusion method is 10% from a small pore size of 2.2 μm or less and 0.2 μm. the above. The ceramic tile according to claim 1 or 2 is used as a floor tile for a balcony or a floor tile for a terrace. A method for reducing the surface temperature by using a ceramic tile, which is a method for reducing the surface temperature of a place irradiated by sunlight, comprising: placing a ceramic tile as described in claim 1 of the patent application, and placing it in sunlight and The surface temperature rises to a temperature above 50 ° C, and the pottery tile is splashed with water to lower the surface temperature. The method for reducing the surface temperature by using a ceramic tile as described in claim 12, wherein the surface temperature at which the surface temperature rises above 50 ° C is a balcony floor or a terrace floor.