WO2012015073A1

WO2012015073A1 - Stoneware tile

Info

Publication number: WO2012015073A1
Application number: PCT/JP2011/067912
Authority: WO
Inventors: 田中昇志; 金沢之夫
Original assignee: Toto株式会社
Priority date: 2010-07-29
Filing date: 2011-07-29
Publication date: 2012-02-02
Also published as: TWI471476B; JP2012031586A; TW201219635A; JP5593927B2

Abstract

Disclosed is a stoneware tile wherein the surface of the tile can be maintained at a low temperature for a relatively long time upon being sprinkled with water, especially during the summer when the sun glares down on the balcony or terrace for a long period of time. Specifically disclosed is a stoneware tile provided with through holes having an elongated shape in the plate thickness direction, wherein the volume of the pores formed by means of the through holes near the surface of the tile is larger than the volume of the pores formed by means of the through holes near the center in the interior of the tile. Moreover, when the tile is used as the flooring for the balcony or terrace, the surface temperature of the tile can be effectively lowered by sprinkled the tile with water and the lowered surface temperature can be maintained for a long time even during the summer time when the surface temperature may rise to 50°C or more.

Description

Stoneware tile

Related applications

This application claims the priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-170076 filed on Jul. 29, 2010, and the specification of this Japanese application is incorporated herein by reference. Is done.

The present invention relates to a tile that can maintain a state in which the surface temperature is lowered for a long time when water is sprayed on the veranda, terrace or the like of summer especially when the sun shines for a long time.

Conventionally, it is known that a cooling effect can be obtained by pouring water on a wall body using porous ceramic. As a method for obtaining such a porous ceramic, for example, a method of adding a foaming material (porosity imparting material) (for example, Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-348631) or a method of using a foaming raw material for the ceramic itself ( Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-184199) is known, that is, a porous ceramic is obtained by adding a component corresponding to some pores to a ceramic raw material.

In Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-348631), for example, as a foaming material (porosity imparting material), paper dust generated when cutting a paper product, a fine one having a particle size of about 0.5 to 2 mm, or Wood scraps such as sawdust, coal scrap (fly ash), which is waste from a thermal power plant, is used, and the pores are obtained by foaming the portion.

In Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-184199), a ceramic sintered body mainly composed of vermiculite is used as a foaming material.

JP-A-2005-348631 JP 2003-184199 A

The present inventors, as a configuration of a ceramic tile obtained by firing, have a through hole in the plate thickness direction, the shape of the through hole is an elongated shape, and the through hole observed on the surface of the tile By making the pore cross-sectional area created by the through hole in the center of the tile larger than the pore cross-sectional area created by the tile, especially in the state where the sun is shining for a long time on the veranda, terrace etc. in summer The knowledge that the temperature drop of the tile surface at the time of hammering can be kept comparatively long was acquired.

That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a rustic tile that can keep the temperature drop of the tile surface at the time of water hitting for a relatively long time, particularly in the state where the sun is shining on a veranda or a terrace in summer.

The ceramic tile according to the present invention has a through hole in the plate thickness direction as a ceramic tile obtained by firing, the shape of the through hole is an elongated shape, and is observed on the surface of the tile. It is a ceramic tile in which the pore cross-sectional area created by the central through-hole in the tile is larger than the pore cross-sectional area created by the through-hole.

Further, according to another aspect of the present invention, when the sun is shined for a long time, when the water is struck, the state in which the temperature is lowered lasts for 1 hour or longer. Use on the floor is provided.

Further, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for reducing the surface temperature of a place illuminated by sunlight, the method comprising: Placing in a place where the temperature rises above 50 ° C., watering the stone tile and lowering its surface temperature.
The invention's effect

According to the present invention, there is provided a rustic tile that can maintain a relatively low temperature drop on the surface of the tile during watering, particularly when the sun is shining on a veranda or terrace in the summer for a long time.

2 is a photomicrograph of the cross section of a stoneware tile obtained in Example 1. 2 is a photomicrograph of a cross section of a stoneware tile obtained in Comparative Example 1. 2 is a photomicrograph of the surface of a stoneware tile obtained in Example 1.

Ceramic tiles The ceramic tiles according to the present invention can keep the temperature drop of the tile surface at the time of watering for a relatively long time. Although the reason why the above-described unexpected effect of the tile according to the present invention is obtained is not clear, it is considered as follows. However, the following explanation is only a hypothesis, and the present invention is not limited by this.

In conventional foam tiles, when the foam gas component escapes to the outside of the tile by firing, gasification occurs in a specific temperature rise temperature range, so that pores corresponding to the size of the foam material are formed toward the surface. At this time, since the base component constituting the escape path is compressed, the portion other than the escape path is easily sintered. Thus, in such a tile, the surface has isolated large pores derived from the foam material and dense portions with only very small pores or closed pores that are difficult for water to enter the part where sintering is progressing. Occurs. With such a configuration, the pores that contribute to vaporization after hammering are only isolated large pores, and high latent heat of vaporization cannot be ensured for a large porosity. In addition, since there is almost no difference between the internal structure and the external structure of the pores, the watering effect disappears relatively quickly. On the other hand, the stone tile according to the present invention has through holes, the pores inside the fired body are large (that is, the pore surface area is small), and the pores on the surface of the fired body are narrowed into an elongated shape. Therefore, the ratio of pores that can contribute to water hammering increases, and it is possible to maintain a state in which water is retained for a relatively long time. As a result, the temperature drop on the tile surface at the time of watering can be kept relatively long.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the width of the elongated pores of the through hole is 10 μm or more and 40 μm or less. When the pore width is 10 μm or more, a sufficient amount of vaporization can be secured, and when it is 40 μm or less, water is held inside for a certain time by capillary force.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pore surface area by mercury porosimetry of the tile is less than 0.1 m ² / g or more 0.5 m ² / g. When the pore surface area is in this range, the ratio of pores that can contribute to maintaining the hammering effect can be increased. More specifically, it is possible to effectively prevent the phenomenon that water hits quickly through the tile plate in the thickness direction by being 0.1 m ² / g or more, and penetrating by being 0.5 m ² / g or less. The pore diameter inside the fired body in the holes can be made sufficiently large.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, from the viewpoint of securing a sufficient amount of water retention, the water absorption rate by the boiling method of the tile is 5% or more and 15% or less.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a value obtained by dividing the amount of water retained (weight) by the weight change before and after irradiation when the tile is irradiated with an infrared lamp of 250 W for 60 minutes is 0.35 or more and 0.50 or less. To. When the above value is set to 0.35 or more, the tile according to the present invention lowers the surface temperature by watering when it is used on a veranda floor or a terrace floor where the surface temperature rises to 50 ° C. or more in summer. Can be maintained for a relatively long time. In addition, when the above value is set to 0.50 or less, the tile according to the present invention has a surface temperature of water when used on a veranda floor or a terrace floor where the surface temperature rises to 50 ° C. or more in summer. Can be effectively reduced.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the tile having a surface temperature of 27 ° C. is irradiated with a 250 W infrared lamp, the arrival time at 50 ° C. is 50 minutes or more. As a result, when used on a veranda floor or a terrace floor where the surface temperature rises to 50 ° C. or higher in summer, the tile according to the present invention effectively lowers the surface temperature by hitting water and relatively reduces the lowered state. Can be maintained for a long time.

According to a preferred mode of the present invention, when the tile is irradiated with a 250 W infrared lamp for 60 minutes, the water retention rate after irradiation with respect to before irradiation is 0.26 or more. Here, the water retention after irradiation is a value obtained by dividing the water retention amount (weight) after irradiation by the water retention amount (weight) before irradiation. When the above value is 0.26 or more, the tile according to the present invention lowers the surface temperature by watering when it is used on a veranda floor or a terrace floor where the surface temperature rises to 50 ° C. or more in summer. Can be maintained for a relatively long time. In addition, when the value is 0.40 or less, the tile according to the present invention has a surface temperature of water when used on a veranda floor or a terrace floor where the surface temperature rises to 50 ° C. or higher in summer. Can be effectively reduced.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the latent heat of evaporation before the irradiation of the latent heat of evaporation after irradiation of the tile with a 250 W infrared lamp for 60 minutes is set to 0.25 to 0.40. Here, the latent heat of vaporization was calculated from the water retention weight and the tile surface temperature. The heat of evaporation of water at 100 ° C. was 539 g / cal. When the above value is 0.25 or more, when used on a veranda floor or a terrace floor where the surface temperature rises to 50 ° C. or more in summer, the tile according to the present invention is a state in which the surface temperature is lowered by watering Can be maintained for a relatively long time. In addition, when the above value is set to 0.25 or less, the tile according to the present invention is effective in damaging the surface temperature when used on a veranda floor or a terrace floor where the surface temperature rises to 50 ° C. or higher in summer. Can be reduced.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the 10% diameter is 2.2 μm or less and 0.2 μm or more from the smallest pore by the mercury intrusion method. The 10% diameter from the smallest pore here means the diameter of the pores present at a position of 10% by volume of the whole pores when viewed from the smallest pores in order. By making the 10% diameter from the smaller pores by mercury intrusion method to 2.2μm or less, it becomes a porous structure that balances water retention and vaporization. It is possible to maintain the state in which the temperature is lowered by watering while being lowered for a relatively long time. Further, since the 10% diameter is 0.2 μm or more, more preferably 0.3 μm, and most preferably 0.5 μm or more from the smaller pores by the mercury intrusion method, the amount of fine pores that do not contribute to both the above effects can be reduced. It can be minimized.

The tile of the present invention described above can be suitably used particularly on a veranda or a terrace. In particular, when used as the floor tile, the effects of the present invention can be fully enjoyed.

Tile manufacturing method The tile manufacturing method of the present invention is, for example, forming a base material in which a plurality of base materials having different degrees of firing (a ceramic base material and a porcelain base material) are uniformly mixed and a chamotte is blended as necessary. In addition, a component that burns away by firing or generates pores or a component that foams and forms pores by firing, for example, a pore-imparting agent such as clinker ash or fly ash, is obtained by firing without substantially blending. The above-described tile according to the present invention preferably has physical properties, for example, a pore surface area of 0.1 m ² / g or more and 0.5 m ² / g or less, a firing temperature water absorption of 5% or more and 15% or less, by a mercury intrusion method. The median diameter of the pores is 2 to 10 μm, the 10% diameter is 1 μm or more from the smallest pore by the mercury intrusion method, the pore surface area S (m ² / g) by the mercury intrusion method, and the mercury intrusion method of the tile Setting the value of the ratio S / V to the pore volume (cc / g) by 10 or less can be achieved by adjusting the raw material composition or selecting the firing conditions.

Example 1.
A raw material base consisting of 45 parts by mass of porcelain clay, 45 parts by mass of porcelain clay, and 10 parts by mass of chamotte is press-molded to produce a tile generating shape, and then fired at 1200-1300 ° C. in a roller hearth kiln. A sample was obtained.

Comparative Example 1
A raw material base consisting of 35 parts by mass of porcelain clay, 40 parts by mass of porcelain clay, 10 parts by mass of chamotte, and 15 parts by mass of clinker ash is press-molded to produce a tile generating shape, and then 1200-1300 in roller hearth kiln. A sample was obtained by firing at 0 ° C.

About the obtained sample, by a porosimeter (mercury intrusion method), pore surface area S (m ² / g), median diameter D50 (μm) of pores, 10% diameter D10 (μm) from the smallest pore, pore volume The ratio S / V (m ² / cc) of V (cc / g), pore surface area S (m ² / g) and pore volume (cc / g) of the tiles by mercury porosimetry was determined. The results are shown in Table 1.

Further, the cross sections of the samples of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were observed with an electron microscope. The electron micrographs were as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. In FIG. 1, many elongated pores were observed on the surface and inside, and many large pores were observed inside. In contrast, independent large round pores were also observed in FIG.

Furthermore, the surface of the sample of Example 1 was observed with an electron microscope. The electron micrograph was as shown in FIG. A comparison between FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 shows that in Example 1, the pore volume at which the cross-section is observed in the center portion is larger than in the plate portion surface.

In Example 1, a funnel was adhered to the surface of the sample and a penetration test was performed in which 80 ml of red ink was injected after drying. When two days later, red ink was observed to drip from the back of the sample, and there was a through hole. found. Further, the same test was performed for Comparative Example 1, but no dropping of red ink from the back surface of the sample after 2 days was confirmed.

In addition, the 100 square tiles of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were placed in a dryer at 80 ° C. and then immersed in water for 30 minutes. The tile surface temperature at that time was 27 ° C., respectively.

Thereafter, each immersed sample was irradiated with a 250 W infrared lamp for 60 minutes under a condition of humidity of 40%, and the surface temperature of each sample was measured. As a result, Example 1 was 49 ° C. C., and an opening was observed in both.

Furthermore, under this condition, the value obtained by dividing the water retention amount (weight) by the change in weight before and after irradiation was 0.42 in Example 1 and 0.33 in Comparative Example 1.

Furthermore, the water retention rate after 60 minutes irradiation under these conditions was 0.30 in Example 1 and 0.25 in Comparative Example 1. Here, the water retention after irradiation is a value obtained by dividing the water retention amount (weight) after irradiation by the water retention amount (weight) before irradiation.

Furthermore, under this condition, the ratio of the latent heat of vaporization after irradiation with a 250 W infrared lamp for 60 minutes before irradiation was 0.28 in Example 1 and 0.23 in Comparative Example 1. Here, the latent heat of vaporization was calculated from the water retention weight and the tile surface temperature. The heat of evaporation of water at 100 ° C. was 539 g / cal.

In addition, when each immersed sample was irradiated with a 250 W infrared lamp for 120 minutes under a condition of humidity of 40% and the surface temperature was measured for each sample, Example 1 was 57 ° C. It became 64 degreeC and the opening was recognized by both.

In addition, each immersed sample was irradiated with a 250 W infrared lamp under a condition of humidity of 40%, and when the time at which the surface temperature of each sample was 50 ° C. was measured, Example 1 was 65 minutes. In Example 1, it was 40 minutes, and an opening was recognized in both.

Claims

It is a stoneware tile obtained by firing,
The tile has an elongated through hole in the thickness direction,
A porcelain tile, wherein a pore cross-sectional area created by the through-hole in the center of the tile is larger than a pore cross-sectional area created by the through-hole observed on the surface of the tile.
The stone tile according to claim 1, wherein a width of the elongated pores of the through hole is 10 µm or more and 40 µm or less.
The porcelain tile according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a pore surface area of the tile by a mercury intrusion method is 0.1 m 2 / g or more and 0.5 m 2 / g or less.
The rustic tile according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a water absorption rate by the boiling method of the tile is 5% or more and 15% or less.
The tile according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a value obtained by dividing a water retention amount when the tile is irradiated with an infrared lamp of 250 W for 60 minutes by a change in weight before and after irradiation is 0.35 or more. .
The rustic tile according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the arrival time at 50 ° C is 50 minutes or more when the tile having a surface temperature of 27 ° C is irradiated with a 250 W infrared lamp.
The rustic tile according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein when the tile is irradiated with a 250 W infrared lamp for 60 minutes, the water retention rate after irradiation with respect to before irradiation is 0.26 or more.
The rustic tile according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a latent heat of vaporization when the tile is irradiated with a 250 W infrared lamp for 60 minutes is 1300 kcal or more.
The tile tile according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a 10% diameter from the smallest pore of the tile by mercury porosimetry is 2.2 µm or less and 0.2 µm or more.
The tile according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which can be obtained by firing a component that does not contain a component that is burned off by firing and generates pores or a component that foams and forms pores by firing. .
11. The stoneware tile according to any one of claims 1 to 10, which is used as a floor tile for a veranda or a floor tile for a terrace.
The use of the stone tile according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the state in which the temperature decreases when the water is struck in the state where the sun is shining for a long time is maintained for 1 hour or more. .
The rustic tile according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is placed in a place where the sunlight shines and the surface temperature thereof rises to 50 ° C or higher, and water is applied to the rustic tile to reduce the surface temperature. A method of reducing the surface temperature of a place illuminated by sunlight, comprising reducing.
The method according to claim 13, wherein the place where the surface temperature rises to 50 ° C. or more and where the sunlight shines is a veranda floor or a terrace floor.