JP2003146772A - Block and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a block having adequate water permeability for the purpose of relieving the heat is island phenomenon and is excellent in a water holding property, water-pickup property and strength an a method of manufacturing the same. SOLUTION: This block has open pores within a range from 10 to 40 vol.% and is characterized in that the open pores of 7 nm to 400 μm in diameter occupy >=30 vol.% of the open pores; the water holding rate ranges from 5 to 40 wt.%; the water permeability coefficient measured in compliance with JASS7 M-101 ranges from 1×10<-3> to 1×10<-1> cm/sec; and the bending strength is >=4 MPa.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a block and a method for manufacturing the block.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, roads such as roads and sidewalks in cities are maintained on the premise of a car society and convenience of walking.
It is mainly paved with materials such as concrete and asphalt. For this reason, the road surface temperature in summer becomes high, causing problems such as the heat island phenomenon.

Similarly, the surface temperature of a rooftop of a building, a veranda, etc. also rises in summer, and the ambient temperature around the building also rises. As a result, the room or space closest to or above the rooftop structure will have an increased room temperature,
Problems such as increased power consumption of cooling equipment such as coolers are occurring.

In order to solve the above problems, it has been proposed that water permeable blocks are laid out and rain water or water is sprinkled to absorb the water, and the heat island phenomenon is alleviated by the heat of vaporization of the water. However, the conventional permeable block is excellent in the ability to pass rainwater etc. and return it to the ground, but it is not excellent in the ability to retain water inside the block or pump water from the bottom of the block. The effect of alleviating the heat island phenomenon is small.

Further, since there are many large continuous open pores, there is a problem in that the strength is not sufficient and it is difficult to construct on a roadway.

[0006]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a block having a suitable water permeability for the purpose of mitigating the heat island phenomenon and having excellent water retention, pumping and strength properties, a water retention block and a method for producing them. To provide.

[0007]

According to a first aspect of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems, the blocks are 10-4.
It has open pores in the range of 0% by volume, and the open pores having a diameter of 7 nm to 400 μm occupy 30% by volume or more of the total open pores, and the water retention rate is in the range of 5 to 40% by weight. It is characterized by a block having a water permeability of 1 × 10 ⁻³ to 1 × 10 ⁻¹ cm / sec and a bending strength of 4 MPa or more. It is more preferable that this block is formed by molding and firing an inorganic material.

Second aspect of the present invention for solving the above problems
Is a block formed by molding and firing an inorganic particle, and the block has open pores within the range of 10 to 40% by volume and the open pores with a diameter of 7 nm to 400 μm are fully opened. It occupies 30% by volume or more of the pores, the water retention rate is in the range of 5-40% by weight, and the water permeability coefficient is 1 × 1.
Within the range of 0 ^-3 to 1 x 10 ^-1 cm / sec, the bending strength is 4
It is characterized by a water retention block having a pressure of at least MPa.

The water-retaining block mentioned here is a type of block, and refers to a block particularly for the purpose of enhancing the water-retaining function. Hereinafter, a block includes a water retention block, and a block structure includes a water retention block structure.

The open pores referred to here are pores inside the block that communicate with the outside. The total open pore volume is a value measured as follows.

The weight of the block is W (g) and the volume is V (c
m ³ ), the bulk density ρ1 is determined by W / V, the apparent density ρ2 by the Archimedes method is measured, and the bulk density ρ1 is determined by the following equation.

Total open pore volume (%) = (1−ρ1 / ρ2) × 100 Further, the size of the open pores and the distribution of the volume are values measured by the mercury intrusion method. The mercury injection method is performed as follows.

First, the block was cut into a sample of about 1 cm ³ and placed in a sample cell, and the inside of the cell was 7 × 10 ^-3 Torr.
The pressure is reduced to (0.931 Pa). Then, mercury is injected.
At this time, the open pores having a diameter of 400 μm or less among the open pores in the sample remain in a vacuum in which mercury does not enter due to the resistance of the surface tension of mercury. From this state, the pressure in the cell is about 3.
Gradually increase gradually from 7 kPa to 207 MPa. Every time the pressure is increased, mercury is injected into the open pores of a size corresponding to the pressure. Therefore, by electrically detecting the volume Vp of the mercury, the relationship between the pressure P and the open pore volume Vp is obtained. Go.

Regarding the size of the open pores into which mercury can enter when the pressure is P, the diameter D is represented by D = -4σcosθ / P, assuming that the open pores are cylindrical. Where σ is 4.8 as the surface tension of mercury.
4 × 10 ⁻¹ N / m (484 dyn / cm) was used. θ is the contact angle of mercury with respect to the sample, and θ = 141.3 °.

The diameter of the open pores in the present invention is the diameter when the open pores are assumed to be cylindrical. The amount (volume) of open pores is the same as the amount of mercury injected. In this way, distribution data of the diameter of the open pores and its volume is obtained.

The water retention rate is a value obtained as follows.

First, the dry weight (g) of the block is measured, and then the block is put into water and left to stand until bubbles are not generated. Then, it is gently taken out of the water, and the weight (water-holding weight (g)) is measured until water drops do not fall, and the water-holding rate is calculated by the following formula.

Water retention rate (wt%) = ((water retention weight−dry weight) / dry weight) × 100 Water permeability and bending strength are J
It is a value measured according to ASS7 M-101.

Among the open pores having a diameter of 7 nm to 400 μm, it is preferable that the open pores having a diameter of 5 to 400 μm occupy 60% by volume or more, and the diameter is 7 nm.
It is also preferable that the proportion of open pores having a diameter of 1 μm or less accounts for 10 to 40% by volume among the open pores of ˜400 μm.

In the above, the pumping speed is 1 × 10 ^-3 to 1
It is preferably cm / sec.

Here, the pumping speed is determined by the time t (sec) for the water existing on the lower surface of the block to reach the upper portion of the block and the thickness h (cm) of the block, and is expressed by the following equation.

Pumping speed (cm / sec) = h / t Specifically, water was added, and water reached the upper part of the block from the moment when the dried block was placed on the fabric to which water was constantly supplied. The time is measured and the pumping speed is calculated by the above formula.

In the above, the granular material such as rubber chips used as the aggregate or the inorganic granular material has a maximum particle size of 5.6 m.
The content of the granules A or the inorganic granules A having a particle diameter of 5.6 to 0.5 mm or less and m or less is 50 to
The content of the granules B having a particle diameter of less than 0.5 mm or the inorganic granules B is preferably in the range of 5 to 50 parts by weight.

Here, the maximum particle size of the above-mentioned granules or inorganic granules is the smallest of the sieves through which 200 g of aggregate is sieved by a sieve specified in JIS Z8801 and 100 to 95% by weight of aggregate passes. It is represented as a sieve opening. Similarly, regarding the content (particle size distribution) of granules in a specific particle size range, 200 g of the aggregate is sieved with a sieve defined in JIS Z8801 and the weight ratio is shown.

Further, the granules A or the inorganic granules A are waste porcelain tiles, waste porcelain tableware, waste porcelain blocks, waste porcelain, steel slag, sewage sludge slag, waste melting slag, tap water sludge, tap water. It consists of at least one selected from the group consisting of sludge slag and waste glass, and 50% by weight or more of granules B or inorganic granules B consists of tap water sediment, iron and steel slag, sewage sludge slag, and waste molten slag. It is also preferable that it consists of at least one member selected from the group.

The present invention provides a method for producing a block as described above, which comprises 50 to 95 parts by weight of granules A having a particle diameter of 5.6 to 0.5 mm, and Aggregate raw material containing particles B having a particle size of less than 0.5 mm within a range of 5 to 50 parts by weight and a total of 100 parts by weight, and within a range of 5 to 20% by weight based on the aggregate raw material. A method for manufacturing a block is provided, in which the molding aid, the sintering binder, and water are mixed, press-molded to obtain a molded body, and the molded body is fired at a temperature in the range of 700 to 1,300 ° C. To do.

The present invention also provides a method for producing a water retention block as described above, wherein the particle size is 5.6 to 0.5 mm.
Including the inorganic particles A in the range of 50 to 95 parts by weight, and the inorganic particles B having a particle size of less than 0.5 mm in the range of 5 to 50 parts by weight, the total is 100 parts by weight. 5-20 for each aggregate raw material and this aggregate raw material
A water-retaining property in which a molding aid, a sintering binder, and water within a range of wt% are mixed, press-molded to obtain a molded body, and the molded body is fired at a temperature within a range of 700 to 1,300 ° C. A method for manufacturing a sex block is provided.

Here, as the inorganic particles A, waste porcelain tile, waste porcelain tableware, waste porcelain block, waste porcelain, steel slag, sewage sludge slag, waste molten slag, tap water sludge,
It is preferable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of tap water sludge slag and waste glass.
Of these, it is preferable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of clean water sand, steel slag, sewage sludge slag, and waste molten slag for 50% by weight or more.

Here, as a molding aid, clay, clay for tiles, bentonite, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, starch, water glass (sodium silicate)
It is preferable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of and cement.

Further, it is also preferable to use at least one kind of powder selected from the group consisting of glass, frit, feldspar, viscosity, natural stone, ceramics, sewage sludge slag and waste molten slag as the sintering binder.

The present invention is also characterized by a block structure in which a frame or cloth is integrated with the back surface of the block.

The cloth includes at least one of woven cloth, non-woven cloth and knitted cloth. The cloth used in the block structure is preferably knitted cloth.

The present invention also features a water retention block structure in which a pedestal or a cloth is integrated with the back surface of the water retention block. The fabric is preferably a woven fabric and / or a non-woven fabric. It is also preferable that the cloth is a knitted cloth.

The invention features a block as described above, or a water retention block as described above, or a block structure as described above, or a veranda or rooftop using the water retention block structure as described above.

The present invention also provides a block as described above, or a water retention block as described above, or a block structure as described above,
Alternatively, the water retentive block structure described above is characterized by a veranda or a rooftop in which a part is immersed in a tray storing water.

The present invention is characterized by the above-mentioned block, the above-mentioned water-retaining block, the above-mentioned block structure, or the paved surface using the above-mentioned water-retaining block structure as a construction surface. Paved surface refers to roads (roads and sidewalks), parking lots, building exteriors, etc.

A structure for storing water is preferably used below the construction surface. The water-storing structure as used herein refers to a structure having a space where water exists due to voids and the like, and examples thereof include a water-permeable cloth and a roadbed having voids.

[0038]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The block of the present invention is 10-40.
It has open pores within the range of volume% and has a diameter of 7
The open pores of nm to 400 μm occupy 30% by volume or more of the total open pores, and the water retention rate is in the range of 5 to 40% by weight,
The water permeability is in the range of 1 × 10 ⁻³ to 1 × 10 ⁻¹ cm / sec, and the bending strength is 4 MPa or more. Further, it is preferable that the block is formed by molding and firing an inorganic particle. This is because it is easy to obtain a block having excellent weather resistance and bending strength of 4 MPa or more.

The water-retaining block of the present invention is formed by molding and firing inorganic particles, and the block is 1
It has open pores within the range of 0-40% by volume, and the open pores with a diameter of 7 nm-400 μm occupy 30% by volume or more of the total open pores, and the water retention rate is within the range of 5-40% by weight. It is characterized by having a water permeability of 1 × 10 ⁻³ to 1 × 10 ⁻¹ cm / sec and a bending strength of 4 MPa or more.

The presence of the open pores of the block of the present invention or the water retention block in the above proportion makes it possible to obtain a water retention block having appropriate water permeability and excellent water retention and strength. That is, if the volume of the open pores is less than 10% by volume, it becomes difficult to secure water retention and water permeability.
On the other hand, if it exceeds 40% by volume, the block will be excellent in water retention and water permeability, but the bending strength will decrease.

Capillary force acts in the open pores of the water-filled block, and the force holds the water in the open pores. Also, when the surface and inside of the block are dry,
Water is pumped from the ground by the capillary phenomenon. The force of this capillary increases when the diameter of the open pores is small, and the diameter is 7 nm to 4 nm.
When the open pores of 00 μm are present in an amount of 30% by volume or more of all the open pores, the block has a large water retaining ability and water can be easily pumped from the ground. When the fine open pores having a diameter of 7 nm to 400 μm or less are less than 30% by volume of the front open pores, both the water retention capacity and the ability to pump water from the ground are reduced.

Block of the present invention, or water retention block
Is a water permeable member measured according to JASS7 M-101.
Number is 1 × 10^-3~ 1 x 10^-1Within the range of cm / sec,
Strain strength is 4 MPa or more. Permeability coefficient is 1 × 10^-3cm / se
Below c, it is difficult for water to pass from the block surface to the inside.
It becomes puddle on the surface and becomes slippery. 1 x 10 ^-1
If it exceeds cm / sec, the ability to retain water inside the block will decrease.
Less.

The water retention rate is in the range of 5 to 40% by weight. If it is less than 5% by weight, the effect of alleviating the heat island phenomenon becomes small, and if it exceeds 40% by weight, it is difficult to obtain a block having both water permeability, water retention and strength.

Of the open pores having a diameter of 7 nm to 400 μm, the proportion of open pores having a diameter of 5 to 400 μm preferably accounts for 60% by volume or more. Diameter 5 out of minute open pores
Open pores of 400 μm are close to the open pore diameter of silt in soil, and have a high ability to retain water.

The proportion of open pores having a diameter of 1 μm or less among the open pores having a diameter of 7 nm to 400 μm occupies 10 to 40% by volume, which means that the water that evaporates and diffuses from the surface of the block is replenished. It is more preferable to secure a capillary force for pumping water from the inside to the surface of the block and enhance the water retention.

The pump or the water retention block of the present invention preferably has a pumping speed of 1 × 10 ⁻³ to 1 cm / sec. If it is less than 1 × 10 ⁻³ cm / sec, the effect of alleviating the heat island phenomenon will be small, and if it exceeds 1 cm / sec, the ability of water to permeate the upper part of the block will be small.

In the production of blocks, granules such as rubber chips or inorganic granules can be preferably used as aggregates. The above-mentioned inorganic granules used for producing the water retention block have a maximum particle diameter of 5.6 mm or less, and among the inorganic granules, the particle diameter is within the range of 5.6 to 0.5 mm.
Is preferably in the range of 50 to 95 parts by weight, and the content of the inorganic particles B having a particle size of less than 0.5 mm is preferably in the range of 5 to 50 parts by weight. When the particle size distribution of the inorganic particles is within the above range, water permeability, water retention and strength can be expressed at a high level in a well-balanced manner.

The above-mentioned inorganic particles A are used as waste porcelain tile, waste porcelain tableware, waste porcelain block, waste porcelain, steel slag, sewage sludge slag, waste molten slag, tap water sludge, tap water sludge slag and It is preferably made of at least one selected from the group consisting of waste glass.

Further, it is preferable that 50% by weight or more of the inorganic granules B be at least one selected from the group consisting of clean water sediment, iron and steel slag, sewage sludge slag, and waste molten slag.

By properly using the two types of inorganic particles of A and B in the above ratio, it is possible to obtain the effect that waste can be efficiently consumed. In addition to exhibiting a high level of water permeability, water retention and strength in a well-balanced manner, the inorganic particles A
Form a cloth on the surface of the block, and the inorganic granules B become speckled materials to improve the design. Further, an inorganic pigment may be added to improve the design.

The waste porcelain tiles, waste porcelain tableware, waste porcelain blocks, waste porcelain, steel slag, sewage sludge slag, waste melting slag and tap water sludge slag shown here are:
It is preferable to use a material having a water absorption rate of 1% or less by accelerating the melting of the raw material by applying a heat history of 1200 ° C. or more, preferably 1250 ° C. or more and sintering or melting. For this, for example, waste porcelain tiles, waste porcelain tableware, waste porcelain blocks, waste porcelain, etc. that have undergone such heat history may be crushed, or steel slag or sewage sludge slag may be used. Granules obtained by cooling from a molten state, such as waste molten slag and tap water sludge slag, may be used.

The sewage sludge slag is obtained by separating sewage into sewage and sludge, further condensing and dehydrating the sludge, further melting, and collecting and cooling the cake. Depending on the cooling method, there are granulated slag, air-cooled slag, etc. Further, there are gradual cooling slag which is cooled while controlling the temperature and is recommended to be crystallized in the process, and crystallization slag which is recommended to be crystallized by re-heat treatment of granulated slag or air-cooled slag. Waste melting slag is incinerated, melted, collected and cooled.
Depending on the cooling method, there are granulated slag, air-cooled slag, etc., and further cooling is performed while controlling the temperature, and gradually cooled slag that has been recommended to crystallize in the process, or granulated slag or air-cooled slag is re-heat treated to recrystallize. There is recommended crystallization slag. In order to promote slag crystallization, components such as CaO and SiO ₂ may be adjusted in advance.

In addition, the tap water sludge slag is a settled sand obtained by water intake and sedimentation at a water purification plant, or a dehydrated cake obtained by precipitating suspended matter such as sludge in raw water using chemicals, etc., It is recovered and cooled, and depending on the cooling method, it is also called granulated slag, air-cooled slag, slow-cooled slag, or the like, and any of them can be used.

Further, the glass is made of a granular glassy material, and any material can be used as long as it can be used as an aggregate, but from the viewpoint of resource recycling, used bottles and windows What crushed glass, plate glass, etc. is preferable.

Next, a method of manufacturing the block or the water retention block will be described.

The block or water retention block of the present invention contains the above-mentioned inorganic granules A in the range of 50 to 95 parts by weight, and the inorganic granules B in the range of 5 to 50 parts by weight in total. 100 parts by weight of the aggregate raw material, and a molding aid in the range of 5 to 20% by weight based on the aggregate raw material,
It can be manufactured by mixing a firing binder and water, press-molding to obtain a molded body, and then firing the molded body at a temperature within the range of 700 to 1300 ° C.

When the aggregates of the inorganic granules A and the inorganic granules B are used in the above-mentioned ratio, aggregates having different particle size distributions and different firing behaviors are mixed, so that the diameter distribution of open pores in the block after firing is preferable. It is possible to obtain a block or a water retention block having a good balance of water retention rate and strength. When different kinds of aggregates are selected from the inorganic particles A and the inorganic particles B, the firing behavior is different due to the difference in melting point of the aggregates, which is even better.

As the molding aid, inorganic aids and organic aids can be used alone or in admixture as appropriate. Specifically, clay, clay for tiles, bentonite, water glass (sodium silicate), cement or the like can be used as the inorganic auxiliary agent, and carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, starch or the like is used as the organic auxiliary agent. be able to. The amount of these molding aids added is 5 to 20 with respect to the total amount of the above-mentioned aggregate raw materials.
Although it is within the range of weight%, if the amount added is less than 5 weight%, the strength after press molding becomes low and handling becomes difficult. On the other hand, if it exceeds 20% by weight, the viscosity of the mixture after addition becomes high, and filling into a press molding machine or the like cannot be performed smoothly.

As the sintering binder, at least one selected from the group consisting of powder of glass, frit, feldspar, clay, natural stone, ceramics, sewage sludge slag, and waste molten slag can be used.

Mixing of the aggregate raw material with the molding aid and the sintering binder may be carried out by using a stirrer having a stirrer, a mixer, a mortar mixer or the like.

As a method for obtaining a molded body, a vibration press machine or a high pressure press machine can be used. When using a high-pressure press, the pressing pressure is preferably within the range of 8 to 30 MPa. 0.1MP when using a vibration press
The press pressure is about a.

The firing temperature is within the above range, but if it is lower than 700 ° C., the bending strength of the water-retaining block is difficult to develop, and if it exceeds 1,300 ° C., open pores are hardly formed by firing. Both water permeability and water retention will decrease. This firing can be performed using a tunnel kiln, a roller hearth kiln, an electric furnace, or the like. The firing temperature is set to 7 depending on the amount and type of aggregate and firing binder.
Although it is set in the range of 0 to 1,300 ° C., when aggregates having different melting points are used, if all the aggregates are completely melted, the formation of open pores will be insufficient, so that high melting point It is advisable to set the firing temperature close to the melting point of the aggregate. In the fired block, voids shrink due to sintering between particles, and a desired void distribution can be obtained.

The above-mentioned block or water retention block has appropriate water permeability and is excellent in water retention and strength.
It can be suitably used for roads such as roads and sidewalks, public facilities such as open spaces and parks.

The block structure or water-retaining block structure of the present invention is characterized in that a pedestal or cloth is integrated on the back surface of the block. In particular, when installing blocks or water retention blocks on the balcony or rooftop, the blocks or water retention blocks may be spread as they are on these floor surfaces, but if a pedestal or cloth is used integrally, excessive water will accumulate. It is preferable that it is prevented from becoming dry or excessively dried, and the water retention property is appropriately maintained.
As a method of integration, lay a stand or cloth on the floor,
It is also possible to install a block or a water-retaining block on it and integrate it, or to attach the block or a water-retaining block to a stand or cloth in advance to integrate them. By preliminarily adhering it to a stand or cloth to integrate it, the time and effort of construction on the site can be saved. Further, a plurality of blocks or water-retaining blocks may be attached to a frame or cloth to form a unit. The cloth is preferably a knitted cloth, or preferably a woven cloth and / or a non-woven cloth. When the cloth is a water-conducting cloth, a water supply source is provided in a part of the cloth so that the cloth is woven through the cloth. Water can be supplied to the back surface of the block, which is more preferable for keeping the block wet and alleviating the heat island phenomenon. Further, it is more preferable that the cloth is subjected to a hydrophilic treatment because both the water transfer rate and the water content are improved.

The block, the water-retaining block, the block structure, or the water-retaining block structure is placed so as to be partly immersed in a tray storing water to form a veranda or a rooftop. Then, it is more preferable for keeping the block wet and alleviating the heat island phenomenon. A tray may be installed for each block or block structure, or a tray in which a plurality of blocks or block structures are installed may be used.

When the above block or the above block structure is used as a construction surface of pavement, it is easy to keep water inside the block when it rains, and when the weather is fine, the water retained in the block or the water at the bottom of the block is pumped. It is preferable because water is evaporated from the surface to easily alleviate the heat island phenomenon. Furthermore, it is more preferable to use a structure that stores water in the lower part of the construction surface because it becomes easier to supply a larger amount of water to the block.

[0067]

Example 1 A water-retaining block having a size of 100 mm × 100 mm × 60 mm was manufactured using a raw material having the following particle size distribution.

Maximum particle size of porcelain tile 3.5 mm Particle size 3.5-1.4 mm 11% Particle size 1.4-0.5 mm 89% 90% by weight of the above porcelain tile (Group A), particle size 0 0.5 mm
To the aggregate raw material containing 10% by weight of steel slag (group B) of less than 5% by weight of the aggregate raw material, mixed with a mortar mixer, and further added to the aggregate raw material of 7.5%. % By weight bentonite, 10% by weight glass powder are added, mixed and kneaded, and then 14.7 MPa using a high pressure press.
A pressure was applied to obtain a molded body. Next, this molded body was baked in an electric furnace at a temperature of 1150 ° C. for 10 hours to obtain a water retention block.

The physical properties of this water retention block were as follows. In addition, the measurement of fine open pores was performed by using Micrometerix Poisesizer 9320 in a measurement pressure range of 3.7 kPa to 207 MPa (measured in a distribution state in a range of 7 nm to 400 μm).

Water retention rate 15% Permeability coefficient 1 × 10 ^-2 cm / sec Bending strength 10 MPa Full open pores 29 volume% Open pores with a diameter of 7 nm to 400 μm are 48% by volume of the total open pores. Open pores with a diameter of 5 to 400 μm are 7 nm. 89% by volume of open pores of ˜400 μm Open pores of 1 μm or less in diameter are 100 nm × 100 mm × 60 mm in size by using a raw material having a particle size distribution of 7% to 10% by volume of open pores of 400 μm (Example 2) or less. A water retention block of

Porcelain tile maximum particle size 3.5 mm Particle size 3.5-1.4 mm 75% Particle size 1.4-0.5 mm 25% 90% by weight of the above porcelain tile (Group A), particle size 0 0.5 mm
6. To an aggregate raw material containing 10% by weight of sewage sludge slag (group B) of less than 5% by weight of water relative to the aggregate raw material, mixed with a mortar mixer, and further added to the aggregate raw material.
5% by weight bentonite and 14% by weight glass powder were added, mixed and kneaded, and then 14.7MP using a high pressure press.
A compact was obtained by pressurizing with a pressure of a. Next, this molded body was baked in an electric furnace at a temperature of 1100 ° C. for 10 hours to obtain a water retention block.

The physical properties of this water retention block are as follows. In addition, the measurement of fine open pores was performed by using Micrometerix Poisesizer 9320 in a measurement pressure range of 3.7 kPa to 207 MPa (measured in a distribution state in a range of 7 nm to 400 μm).

Water retention rate 10% Water permeability coefficient 5 × 10 ^-2 cm / sec Bending strength 8 MPa Full open pores 21% by volume Open pores with a diameter of 7 nm to 400 μm are 38% by volume of the total open pores. Open pores with a diameter of 5 to 400 μm are 7 nm. 78% by volume of open pores of ˜400 μm Open pores with a diameter of 1 μm or less are 21% by volume of open pores of 7 nm to 400 μm (Example 3) Using a raw material having a particle size distribution of 100 mm × 100 mm × A 60 mm block was manufactured.

Porcelain tile maximum particle size 3.5 mm Particle size 3.5 to 1.4 mm 11% Particle size 1.4 to 0.5 mm 89% 90% by weight of the above porcelain tile (Group A), particle size 0 0.5 mm
To the aggregate raw material containing 10% by weight of steel slag (group B) of less than 5% by weight of the aggregate raw material, mixed with a mortar mixer, and further added to the aggregate raw material of 7.5%. % By weight bentonite, 10% by weight glass powder are added, mixed and kneaded, and then 14.7 MPa using a high pressure press.
A pressure was applied to obtain a molded body. Next, this molded body was baked in an electric furnace at a temperature of 1150 ° C. for 10 hours to obtain a block.

The physical properties of this block were as follows. In addition, for the measurement of fine open pores, a pore sizer 9320 manufactured by Micrometerix Co., Ltd. was used, and the measurement pressure range was 3.
It was carried out at 7 kPa to 207 MPa (the distribution state was measured in the range of 7 nm to 400 μm).

Water retention rate 15% Permeability coefficient 1 × 10 ^-2 cm / sec Bending strength 10 MPa Full open pores 29% by volume Pumping speed 0.1 cm / sec Open pores with a diameter of 7 nm to 400 μm are 48% by volume of full open pores 400 μm open pores are 89% by volume of 7 nm to 400 μm open pores. Open pores with a diameter of 1 μm or less are 10% by volume of 7 nm to 400 μm open pores. This block is placed on a fabric hydrated on a sunny day in August. placed. The maximum temperature of asphalt pavement is 55 ℃
As shown at 1 pm, the surface temperature of the block was 28 ° C., which proved to be effective in reducing the heat island phenomenon. (Example 4) A block having a size of 100 mm x 100 mm x 60 mm was manufactured using a raw material having the following particle size distribution.

Maximum particle size of porcelain tile 3.5 mm Particle size 3.5-1.4 mm 75% Particle size 1.4-0.5 mm 25% 90% by weight of the above porcelain tile (Group A), particle size 0 0.5 mm
6. To an aggregate raw material containing 10% by weight of sewage sludge slag (group B) of less than 5% by weight of water relative to the aggregate raw material, mixed with a mortar mixer, and further added to the aggregate raw material.
5% by weight bentonite and 14% by weight glass powder were added, mixed and kneaded, and then 14.7MP using a high pressure press.
A compact was obtained by pressurizing with a pressure of a. Next, this molded body was baked in an electric furnace at a temperature of 1100 ° C. for 10 hours to obtain a block.

The physical properties of this block are as follows. In addition, for the measurement of fine open pores, a pore sizer 9320 manufactured by Micrometerix Co., Ltd. was used, and the measurement pressure range was 3.
It was carried out at 7 kPa to 207 MPa (the distribution state was measured in the range of 7 nm to 400 μm).

Water retention rate 10% Permeability coefficient 5 × 10 ^-2 cm / sec Bending strength 8 MPa Full open pores 21% by volume Pumping speed 0.03 cm / sec Open pores with a diameter of 7 nm to 400 μm are 38% by volume of full open pores with a diameter of 5-5 400 μm open pores are 78% by volume of 7 nm to 400 μm open pores. Open pores with a diameter of 1 μm or less are 21% by volume of 7 nm to 400 μm open pores. This block is placed on a fabric hydrated on a sunny day in August. placed. The maximum temperature of asphalt pavement is 55 ℃
As shown at 1 pm, the surface temperature of the block was 30 ° C., and it was found that there was an effect of reducing the heat island phenomenon.

[0080]

According to the present invention, it has appropriate water permeability,
It is possible to provide a block excellent in water retention, pumping capacity and strength, and a method for producing the block.

By the water retaining function and the pumping function of the block of the present invention, it is possible to obtain the effects of preventing the temperature around the block from rising and suppressing the heat island phenomenon.

Further, since the waste can be positively utilized, the cost of the water permeable block can be reduced and the waste can be recycled.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) E01C 11/24 E04B 1/74 T E04B 1/74 E04C 1/40 T E04C 1/40 C04B 35/00 V (72) Inventor Akihiro Tokuda 1-1-1 Oe, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture Toda F.S. Co., Ltd. Seta Factory F-term (reference) 2D051 AA05 AB03 AD07 AD08 AE04 AF01 AF05 AF06 AF07 AH03 DA02 DB03 DC09 2E001 DD00 FA18 GA01 GA27 GA28 GA86 HA11 HA14 HB01 HE10 JA07 JB01 4G019 FA02 FA13 4G030 GA01 GA13 GA14

Claims (21)

[Claims] 1. Open pores of 10 to 40% by volume, of which open pores having a diameter of 7 nm to 400 μm occupy 30% by volume or more of the total open pores and have a water retention rate of 5 to 40% by weight. J
Permeability coefficient measured according to ASS7 M-101 is 1
A block characterized by having a bending strength of 4 MPa or more and a pressure of × 10 ^-3 to 1 × 10 ^-1 cm / sec. 2. The block according to claim 1, which is a block obtained by molding and firing an inorganic granular material. 3. Out of open pores having a diameter of 7 nm to 400 μm,
The block according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the proportion of open pores having a diameter of 5 to 400 µm occupies 60% by volume or more. 4. Out of open pores having a diameter of 7 nm to 400 μm,
The block according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the proportion of open pores having a diameter of 1 µm or less occupies 10 to 40% by volume. 5. The block according to claim 1, wherein the pumping speed is 1 × 10 ⁻³ to 1 cm / sec. 6. The inorganic particles have a maximum particle size of 5.6 mm or less and a particle size of 5.6 to 0.5 mm, and the content of the inorganic particles A is 50 to 95% by weight. Content of the inorganic particles B having a particle size of less than 0.5 mm within the range of 5 parts.
The block of claim 2 in the range of 50 parts by weight. 7. The inorganic particles A are waste porcelain tiles, waste porcelain tableware, waste porcelain blocks, waste porcelain, steel slag, sewage sludge slag, waste molten slag, tap water sludge, tap water sludge slag and waste glass. The block according to claim 6, comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of: 8. Out of the inorganic particles B, 50% by weight or more comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of sand sediment, iron and steel slag, sewage sludge slag, and waste molten slag.
The block according to claim 6 or 7. 9. The block according to claim 1, which is a water retention block. 10. An inorganic granule B having a particle diameter of less than 0.5 mm and containing 50 to 95 parts by weight of an inorganic granule A having a particle diameter of 5.6 to 0.5 mm. In an amount of 5 to 50 parts by weight and a total amount of 100 parts by weight, and a forming aid, a firing binder, and water in an amount of 5 to 20% by weight with respect to the aggregate material, respectively. After mixing and press molding to obtain a molded body, this molded body is
A method for manufacturing a block, which comprises firing at a temperature within a range of 1,300 ° C. 11. A waste porcelain tile as the inorganic particle A,
11. At least one selected from the group consisting of waste porcelain tableware, waste porcelain blocks, waste insulators, steel slag, sewage sludge slag, waste molten slag, tap water sludge, tap water sludge slag, and waste glass is used. A method for manufacturing the block according to. 12. The inorganic particle B according to claim 10 or 11, wherein 50% by weight or more of at least one selected from the group consisting of sand sediment, iron and steel slag, sewage sludge slag, and waste molten slag is used. A method of manufacturing the described block. 13. A clay, a clay for tiles, as a molding aid,
The method for producing a block according to claim 10, wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of bentonite, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, starch, water glass (sodium silicate) and cement is used. 14. The sintered binder is at least one selected from the group consisting of glass, frit, feldspar, clay, natural stone, ceramics, sewage sludge slag and waste molten slag.
The method for manufacturing a block according to claim 10, wherein a seed powder is used. 15. A block structure in which a gantry or a fabric is integrated with the back surface of the block according to any one of claims 1 to 9. 16. The block structure according to claim 15, wherein the cloth is a woven cloth and / or a non-woven cloth. 17. The water retention block structure according to claim 15, wherein the cloth is a knitted cloth. 18. A veranda or a rooftop using the block according to any one of claims 1 to 9 or the block structure according to any one of claims 15 to 17. 19. A part of the block according to any one of claims 1 to 9 or the block structure according to any one of claims 15 to 17 is immersed in a tray storing water. Veranda or rooftop that is characterized by being placed in. 20. A paved surface characterized by using the block according to any one of claims 1 to 9 or the block structure according to any one of claims 15 to 17 as a construction surface. 21. The paved surface according to claim 20, wherein a structure that stores water is used below the construction surface.