TWI448253B - 經流體填充元件的製造方法 - Google Patents
經流體填充元件的製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B3/00—Footwear characterised by the shape or the use
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
- A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
- A43B13/18—Resilient soles
- A43B13/20—Pneumatic soles filled with a compressible fluid, e.g. air, gas
- A43B13/206—Pneumatic soles filled with a compressible fluid, e.g. air, gas provided with tubes or pipes or tubular shaped cushioning members
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
- A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
- A43B13/18—Resilient soles
- A43B13/181—Resiliency achieved by the structure of the sole
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
- A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
- A43B13/18—Resilient soles
- A43B13/20—Pneumatic soles filled with a compressible fluid, e.g. air, gas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B3/00—Footwear characterised by the shape or the use
- A43B3/0036—Footwear characterised by the shape or the use characterised by a special shape or design
- A43B3/0052—X-shaped or cross-shaped
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D35/00—Producing footwear
- B29D35/12—Producing parts thereof, e.g. soles, heels, uppers, by a moulding technique
- B29D35/122—Soles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D35/00—Producing footwear
- B29D35/12—Producing parts thereof, e.g. soles, heels, uppers, by a moulding technique
- B29D35/14—Multilayered parts
- B29D35/142—Soles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D35/00—Producing footwear
- B29D35/12—Producing parts thereof, e.g. soles, heels, uppers, by a moulding technique
- B29D35/14—Multilayered parts
- B29D35/148—Moulds or apparatus therefor
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
Description
本發明是有關於一種含有一具有經流體填充的支撐元件之鞋底結構的鞋類物件。
習用運動鞋類物件包含二主要元件,一鞋幫及一鞋底結構。該鞋幫提供對腳部的覆蓋,其可緊固納置及相對於該鞋底結構定位腳部。除此之外,該鞋幫可具有防護腳部及提供通風的構形,藉以冷卻腳部及排除汗水。該鞋底結構是緊固於該鞋幫下表面且概定位於腳部與地面之間,以減弱地面的反作用力。該鞋底結構亦可提供牽引及控制腳部動作,例如腳內轉(over pronation)。據此,該鞋幫及鞋底結構可共同作動以提供一舒適結構,適用廣泛多種行走活動,例如走路及跑步。
運動鞋類的鞋底結構一般顯現一多層構形,其包含一舒適強化內底、一由聚合泡沫材料形成的彈性中底,及一地面接觸外底以提供耐磨及牽引力。中底用的適當聚合泡沫材料包括EVA(ethylvinylacetate)或聚氨酯(polyurethane),其在受負載之下彈性壓縮以減弱地面反作用力並吸收能量。習用泡沫聚合材料因具有數個開放或關閉氣室界定一內體積實質充填有氣體,是可部分地彈性壓縮。亦即,聚合泡沫材料包含數個氣泡可包圍氣體。隨著重複的壓縮,此氣室結構可能會惡化,如此造成泡沫體可壓縮性減低。據此,中底的外力減弱特性於此鞋類的使用壽命期間可能會減低。
一種降低聚合泡沫中底的重量及減低重複壓縮的惡化作用之方法揭露於Rudy的美國專利第4,183,156號,在此併入參考,其中設置有一減震體,其是以由彈性體材料形成的經流體填充的囊袋所成。該囊袋包含數管狀腔室,其沿該鞋底結構的長度縱向延伸。該等腔室是相互流體連通且共同地延伸橫過該鞋類的寬度。該囊袋可被囊裝於一聚合泡沫材料內,如Rudy的美國專利第4,219,945號中所揭露,在此併入參考。該囊袋及囊裝的聚合泡沫材料之結合體可作為一中底。據此,將鞋幫附著於該聚合泡沫材料的上表面,且將一外底或鞋底構件固定於其下表面。
上述囊袋型式大致是以彈性體材料所形成,且其結構是具有上及下部以包圍一或多個腔室於其間。該等腔室藉由插入一連接於流體壓力源的氣嘴或針體於形成在該囊袋的填充入口內,將其加壓至大氣壓力之上。在加壓該等腔室之後,再將該填充入口密封且移除該氣嘴。
適用於鞋類應用之經流體填充的囊袋可以雙膠片(two-film)技術製造,其中形成二分開的彈性體膜片以顯現囊袋的整個環周形狀。之後將該等膜片沿其個別環周黏接一起以形成一密封結構,並且將該等膜片於預定的內部區域處黏接一起以使該囊袋具有所要的構形。亦即,該等內部黏接使該囊袋設置有具預定形狀及尺寸的腔室。此囊袋亦可以吹模(blow-molding)技術製造,其中將一管形的熔融或其他軟化彈性體材料放置於一具有該囊袋所要的整體形狀及構形之鑄模內。該鑄模具有一開口,使加壓空氣可經由該開口設置。加壓空氣引入於該液化的彈性體材料以與該鑄模的內表面形狀一致。之後將該彈性體材料冷卻,藉以形成具有所要形狀及構形的囊袋。
本發明的一特點在於一種具有一鞋幫及固定於鞋幫的鞋底結構之鞋類物件。該鞋底結構結合一支撐元件,其包括一流體填充腔室、一第一嵌入體,及一第二嵌入體。該腔室界定一第一表面、一相對第二表面,及一延伸於該第一表面與第二表面之間的側壁。該第一嵌入體是固定於該第一表面且至少部分地凹陷於該腔室的聚合材料內。該第二嵌入體是固定於該第二表面。
該腔室可具有一圓柱構形,以致於該第一嵌入體是凹陷於該圓柱構形的一端內。該第二嵌入體亦可至少部分地凹陷於該腔室的聚合體材料內。於一些實施例中,該腔室是沒有將該第一表面與第二表面接合之內部連接。除此之外,該腔室可被加壓以使該第一嵌入體及第二嵌入體至少其中之一變形。
本發明的另一特點在於一種製造經流體填充元件的方法。該方法可包括自一聚合材料形成一腔室的步驟。一嵌入體可被固定於該腔室的一表面。之後該腔室再被加壓以使該嵌入體變形。
本發明的新穎特性不同特點之優點與特徵是在附加的申請專利範圍中具體指出。然而,為獲得對新穎性的優點及特徵可更加瞭解,可參考以下所述內容及伴隨圖式,來說明及舉例說明有關本發明的特性的不同實施例及概念。
前述的發明概要,以及以下的詳細說明,將可於結合伴隨圖式研讀時更加瞭解。
第1圖是一種鞋類物件的側向側視圖;第2圖是該鞋類物件的中間側視圖;第3圖是該鞋類物件的支撐元件之透視圖;第4圖是該支撐元件的側視圖;第5圖是該支撐元件以第4圖的剖線5-5所界定之橫剖圖;第6圖是該支撐元件的分解透視圖;第7圖是該支撐元件的分解側視圖;第8圖是該支撐元件於一未加壓構形時的透視圖;第9圖是該支撐元件於未加壓構形時的側視圖;第10圖是該支撐元件於未加壓構形時,以第9圖的剖線10-10所界定之橫剖圖;第11A-11D是以模具來描述製造該支撐元件的步驟之示意橫剖圖;第12圖是具有四支撐元件的一支撐構件之透視圖;第13圖是另一種鞋類物件的側向側視圖;第14圖是由第13圖描繪的鞋類物件的一部分之側視圖;第15圖是該鞋類物件的該部分,以第14圖的剖線15-15所界定之橫剖圖;第16圖是由第13圖描繪的鞋類物件的該部分之分解側視圖;第17圖是由第13圖描繪的鞋類物件的一板構件之底面圖;第18圖是該板構件的透視圖;第19圖是由第13圖描繪的鞋類物件的支撐構件之頂面圖;及第20圖是該支撐構件的透視圖。
以下討論及伴隨圖式將揭露根據本發明的特點之一種具有支撐元件之鞋類物件。有關於該等支撐元件的內容揭露是參考具有適於跑步運動用的構形之鞋類。然而,該等支撐元件不僅限定於設計跑步用之鞋類,而可併入於廣泛範圍的運動鞋類型式,譬如包括適用於棒球、籃球、美式足球、英式橄欖球、足球、網球、排球,及走路之鞋子。除此之外,該等支撐元件亦可併入於大致被認為是非運動的鞋類,包括多種正式鞋子、便鞋、涼鞋,及靴子。因此,熟於相關技藝人士將可瞭解在此有關於該等支撐元件之揭露,除了以下材料及圖式所描繪的特定鞋款外,可應用於廣泛多種不同鞋類型式。
一種鞋類物件10描繪於第1及2圖,包括一鞋幫20及一鞋底結構30。為以下材料參考目的,鞋類10可分成三大致區域:一前腳區域11、一中腳區域12,及一腳跟區域13,如第1及2圖所界定。除此之外,鞋類10包括二側部:側向側部14及中間側部15,亦如第1及2圖所界定。側向側部14是位於沿腳部的側邊延伸且大致穿過各區域11-13。同理,中間側部15是位於沿腳部的相對中間側延伸且大致穿過各區域11-13。區域11-13及側部14-15並不是要精確界定鞋類10的區域。而是,區域11-13及側部14-15是為了表示鞋類10的大致區域以供以下說明的參考架構。儘管區域11-13及側部14-15大致應用於鞋類10,提到區域11-13及側部14-15亦可具體應用於鞋幫20、鞋底結構30,或於鞋幫20或鞋底結構30中的個別構件。
鞋幫20是固定於鞋底結構30,且界定一凹孔用以納置腳部。進入該凹孔的入口是於鞋跟區域13設置一踝開口21。一鞋帶22以Z字形延伸穿過鞋幫20上的多數孔洞。鞋帶22可利用習用方式以可選擇性地增加踝開口21的尺寸及變更鞋幫20的特定大小,尤其是圍長,以可配合不同尺寸的腳部。多種不同材料可適用於鞋幫20,舉例來說,包括皮料、合成皮、橡膠、紡織原料,及聚合泡沫材料,其被縫製或黏合一起。鞋幫20用的特定材料可選擇為具有耐磨、彈性、可透氣性、控濕性,及舒適性。更具體地,不同材質可合併成鞋幫20的不同區域,以具有這些區域上的特有特性。此外,可將材料疊層以提供特定區域合併的特性。儘管上述鞋幫20的構形是適用於鞋類10,然而鞋幫20亦可顯現任何習用或非習用鞋幫的構性。
鞋底結構30是固定於鞋幫20的一下表面,且包括一外底32及一中底31。外底32形成鞋底結構30的一地面銜接表面,且是以耐用耐磨材料所形成,例如橡膠,其質地具有較佳的附著摩擦力。於一些實施例中,外底32可與中底31一體成形,或可為中底31的一下表面。習用中底主要是以聚合泡沫材料所形成,例如聚氨酯(polyurethane)或EVC(ethylvinylacetate),如發明背景段中所討論。不同於習用中底的結構,中底31界定一空隙33於腳跟區域13,其包括四個經流體填充的支撐元件40a-40d。空隙33自側向側部14延伸通過鞋底結構30至中間側部15,且具有一上表面34及一相對下表面35。儘管中底31可實質上以聚合泡沫材料所形成,可以中底31內的板片或其他元件界定出空隙33。各支撐元件40a-40d延伸於表面34與35之間,以於鞋類10在跑步、走路或其他走動活動期間衝擊地面時可提供對地面的反作用力減弱作用。除此之外,支撐元件40a-40d可具有穩定性或其他控制腳部運動,例如腳內轉(pronation)的角度。鞋底結構30亦可包括一內底,定位於由鞋幫20所形成的凹洞中,且安置於可接觸腳部的蹠部面(即腳底面),藉以加強鞋類10的整體舒適性。
支撐元件40a的主要部位,如第3-7圖所示,是一經流體填充的腔室50及一對嵌入體61及62。腔室50是一密封的囊袋,是以聚合材料封圍加壓流體所形成。該流體產生一朝外的力於腔室50上,其使腔室50的表面膨脹。亦即,該流體具有足夠的壓力,使腔室50不同的表面可凸起或是朝外凸出。空隙33的表面34及35於支撐元件40a接觸及固定於中底31的區域上具有一概呈平面的構形。嵌入體61及62是緊固於腔室50外側,以限制腔室50不同表面的膨脹,且設置概呈平面區域,其可與空隙33的表面34及35結合。
腔室50具有一概呈圓柱結構,包括一第一表面51、一相對第二表面52,及一側壁面53延伸於第一表面51與第二表面52之間。腔室50是由一對聚合擋止層所形成,稍後詳述之,其是對包容於腔室50內的加壓流體實質上不透水。其中一擋止層形成第一表面51及側壁面53兩者,而另一擋止層形成第二表面52。據此,該等擋止層以其個別環周黏接在一起以界定一環周接合部54,其將加壓流體密封於腔室50中。於其他實施例中,各擋止層可形成側壁面53的部分,以致於環周接合部54定位於第一表面51與第二表面52之間。
嵌入體61及62具有一概呈圓形結構,且黏合或其他方式固定於腔室50外部。更具體而言,嵌入體61是凹設於且固定於第一表面51內,而嵌入體62是凹設於且固定於第二表面52內。各嵌入體61及62具有板狀結構,具有二相對表面及一尖錐側壁。亦即,該表面面向朝外的面積是大於面向朝內的面積且黏合於腔室50,且側壁形成尖錐部於該二表面之間。於其他實施例中,嵌入體61及62的各表面可具有實質上相等面積。
各嵌入體61及62是凹設於腔室50內,如第5圖所示。更詳言之,腔室50的聚合材料固定於一表面及各嵌入體61及62的尖錐側壁。因此,腔室50的聚合材料自支撐元件40a的一下表面延伸至支撐元件40a的一上表面。因此,側壁53當結合於鞋類10時形成支撐元件40a的露出部。嵌入體61及62的直徑可與表面51及52的直徑相等。或者,舉例來說,嵌入體61及62的直徑可為表面51及52的直徑的90%至110%的範圍,或是嵌入體61及62的直徑可在此範圍外變化。據此,嵌入體61及62可具有較表面51及52為小或大的面積。
嵌入體61及62是顯示為相互實質上相同。然而,於一些實施例中,嵌入體61及62的直徑、厚度、或形成材質可為不同。此外,各嵌入體61及62可包括獨特凸部或凹痕,其有助於定位支撐元件40a於中底31的空隙33內。各嵌入體61及62亦描述為具有實質上固定厚度。然而,於一些實施例中,舉例來說,嵌入體61的厚度可變化,以致於嵌入體61的一側較嵌入體61的相對側為厚。同理,嵌入體61的厚度可變化,以致於其一中央區域較一環周區域為厚。
第3-7圖描述支撐元件40a於加壓的構形,其中由於環繞腔室50的空氣與於支撐元件40a中的流體之間的壓力差,該流體會施加一朝外的力於第一表面51、第二表面52及側壁面53上。為對照目的,第8-10圖描述支撐元件40a於未加壓的構形,其中環繞腔室50的空氣與該流體之間的壓力差極小。於加壓構形中,嵌入體61及62顯現出一實質上平坦結構。亦即,嵌入體61及62皆不會顯現出實質上彎曲或其他非平面的特性。然而,於未加壓構形中,各嵌入體61及62向內弓彎且朝向支撐元件40a的中心。亦即,嵌入體61及62二者於未加壓構形中是顯現出一彎曲結構。據此,於腔室50中的加壓流體的朝外的力會將嵌入體61及62從一非平面結構變形成一概呈平面結構。
支撐元件40a-40d於第一表面51與第二表面52之間沒有內部連接。亦即,第一表面51與第二表面52沒有經由支撐元件40a-40d的內部之連接。一些鞋類的習用經流體填充囊袋包括數個內部連接,以防止表面膨脹或其他向外凸出。然而,嵌入體61及62的設置就會限制第一表面51與第二表面52向外凸出的程度。據此,第一表面51與第二表面52的內部連接不再需要。然而,於一些實施例中,仍可利用內部連接。
腔室50可利用多種不同的熱塑性聚合材料,特別是該等擋止層,其包括聚氨酯、聚酯、聚酯型聚氨酯,及聚醚型聚氨酯。另一種適當腔室50材料是一薄膜,由熱塑性聚氨酯及聚乙烯/乙烯乙烯醇(EVOH)共聚物的交錯層所形成,如Mitchell等人的美國專利5,713,141及5,952,065所揭露者,在此併入參考。對於此材料亦可變化利用,其中將中間層以聚乙烯/乙烯乙烯醇(EVOH)共聚物形成;相鄰於該中間層的二層以熱塑性聚氨酯形成;及將該等外層以熱塑性聚氨酯及聚乙烯/乙烯乙烯醇(EVOH)共聚物之再研磨材料所形成。腔室50亦可以一彈性微層膜片所形成,其包括氣體隔絕材料及彈性體材料的交錯層,如Bonk等人的美國專利6,082,025及6,127,026所揭露者,在此併入參考。除此之外,可利用數種熱塑性胺基甲酸酯,例如Dow Chemical Company的產品PELLETHANE;BASF公司的產品ELASTOLLAN;及B. F. Goodrich Company的產品ESTANE,所有皆以酯或醚為基本。亦可利用其他熱塑性胺基甲酸酯,以聚酯、聚醚、聚己內酯,及聚碳酸酯巨凝膠,且亦可利用不同的氮隔絕材料。另外適當材料揭露於Rudy的美國專利4,183,156及4,219,945,在此併入參考。另外適當材料包括含有晶體材料的熱塑性薄膜,如Rudy的美國專利4,936,029及5,042,176,在此併入參考,以及包括聚酯多元醇的聚氨酯,如Bonk等人的美國專利6,013,340、6,203,868及6,321,465,在此亦併入參考。
嵌入體61及62可以不同範圍的材料形成。嵌入體61及62的適當材料包括聚酯、熱固性胺基甲酸酯、熱塑性胺基甲酸酯、多種尼龍配方、這些材料的混合,或包括玻璃纖維的混合。除此之外,嵌入體61及62可由高撓曲模量聚醚嵌段醯胺所形成,例如由Atofina Company所製造的PEBAX。聚醚嵌段醯胺提供多數個對本發明有益的特性,包括於低溫時的高抗衝擊性、於攝氏負40度至攝氏80度的溫度範圍中的低特性變異性、對不同化學物質的抗降解性,及於滯後(alternative flexure)期間的低滯後性。嵌入體61及62的另一種適當材料是聚對苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(polybutylene terephthalate),例如由E.I. duPont de Nemours and Company所製造的HYTREL。亦可將玻璃纖維或碳纖維結合於上述聚合材料形成複合材料以強化嵌入體61及62的強度。該材料形成嵌入體61及62可展現出較材料形成腔室50更大的彈性模量。儘管該材料形成腔室50大致具有彈性,該材料形成嵌入體61及62可展現出半堅硬或堅硬特性。
在腔室50中的流體可為Rudy的美國專利4,340,626中所揭露的任何氣體,在此併入參考,例如六氟乙烷及六氟化硫。此流體亦可包括例如加壓八氟丙烷、氮氣,或空氣之氣體。除了氣體外,不同凝膠或液體亦可密封於腔室50中。據此,多種不同的流體可適用於腔室50。有關於壓力,適當的流體壓力是每立方英吋15磅,但可在每立方英吋0至30磅的範圍。據此,在腔室50中的流體壓力可相當高,或該流體壓力可於大氣壓力或略高於大氣壓力。當選定一流體壓力時,需考慮包括例如嵌入體61及62的形狀及厚度、形成嵌入體61及62的材料、形成腔室50的材料、鞋類嵌入體40a使用的類型、穿鞋者的重量,及穿鞋者的運動類型。
各支撐元件40a-40d可封閉具實質相似流體壓力的流體。更具體而言,於支撐元件40a-40d中的流體壓力當鞋底結構30於未加壓狀態時可為相同。當鞋底結構30的部分被壓縮時,該流體壓力於這些支撐元件40a-40d將上升,其受到最大的壓縮。舉例來說,在與地面的衝擊,支撐元件40a可較支撐元件40b-40d被更多壓縮,且於支撐元件40a中的流體壓力將較於支撐元件40b-40d中的流體壓力為大。當鞋類10靜止且鞋底結構30不再被壓縮時,於各支撐元件40a-40d中的流體壓力將回到相同的狀態。然而,另一種型式,於支撐元件40a-40d中的流體壓力當鞋底結構30於未加壓狀態時亦可為不同。舉例來說,支撐元件40a開始可具有每立方英吋15磅的流體壓力,且各支撐元件40b-40d可具有較大的起始流體壓力為每立方英吋20磅。據此,於支撐元件40a-40d中的相對壓力可明顯變化。
一種適當用於支撐元件40a的製造程序是示意顯示於第11A-11D圖且涉及使用一模具70。模具70包括一第一模部71及一對應的第二模部72。當接合一起時,模部71及72界定一模穴,其尺寸實質上相同於一支撐元件40a-40d的外部尺寸。模具70可利用以熱成形腔室50及同步黏接或其他方式固定嵌入體61及62於腔室50。一般而言,嵌入體61及62是放置於或相鄰於模部71及72,且一對舉例來說以熱塑性聚合材料形成之擋止層41及42是放置於模部71與72之間。之後形成腔室50的擋止層41及42抽拉形成模具70的輪廓以使嵌入體61及62分別凹設於及黏接於擋止層41及42。除此之外,模部71及72將擋止層41及42壓縮在一起以形成環周接合部54。一旦擋止層41及42已配合腔室50的形狀,嵌入體61及62即被接合於擋止層41及42,且形成環周接合部54,腔室50可被以流體加壓及密封,藉以形成支撐元件40a。
茲將利用模具70由擋止層41及42與嵌入體61及62形成支撐元件40a的方法詳細說明。舉例來說,一射出模製方法可應用以由上述材料形成嵌入體61及62。若需要,嵌入體61及62可例如以洗劑或酒精清洗,以移除表面污物,例如脫模劑或指紋。嵌入體61及62的表面亦可作電漿處理以強化與腔室50的黏合。
接著的成形及清洗,嵌入體61及62被放置於模部71與72之間且再定位相鄰於模部71及72,如第11A及11B圖所示。多種不同的技術可利用以將嵌入體61及62固定於模部71及72,例如包括一真空系統、多種密封,或非永久性黏接元件。除此之外,嵌入體61及62可包括不同貼片界定孔洞,且模部71及72可包括凸部,其銜接該等孔洞以將嵌入體61及62固定於模具70中。
數個導管可延伸通過模具70以作為加熱流體的通道,例如水或油,以通過模具70,藉以升高模具70的整體溫度。如上所述,嵌入體61及62定位於模具70中,且嵌入體61及62自模具70傳導熱,藉以升高嵌入體61及62的溫度。於本發明的一些實施例中,嵌入體61及62可於放置於模具70中之前先被加熱,以減少製造時間,或是利用不同傳導或輻射加熱器來加熱位於模具70中的嵌入體61及62。模具70的溫度可根據支撐元件40a所利用的特定材料而變化。接著將嵌入體61及62放置於模具70中,擋止層41及42被加熱及定位於模部71與72之間,如第1B圖所示。擋止層41及42的加熱溫度亦根據其使用的特定材料而定。
擋止層41於模製之前的厚度可大於擋止層42的厚度。儘管擋止層41及42可在模製之前顯現出不同的厚度,然而各擋止層41及42接下來模製後可具有實質上一致的厚度。儘管擋止層41及42的厚度可顯著地變化,然而擋止層41於模製之前的適當厚度範圍是0.045至0.110英吋,較佳厚度為0.090英吋,且擋止層42於模製之前的適當厚度範圍是0.035至0.065英吋,較佳厚度為0.045英吋。鑒於擋止層42僅形成腔室50的第二表面52,而擋止層41形成腔室50的第一表面51及側壁面53兩者。由於厚度的不同原因,擋止層41可伸展較擋止層41更大程度以形成表面51及側壁面53兩者。據此,在擋止層41及42的原始、預伸展厚度之間的差異可抵銷擋止層41當於成形第一表面51及側壁面53期間被伸展或其他扭曲可能造成的薄化。
一旦嵌入體61及62及擋止層41及42被定位時,模部71及72相向移動以成形擋止層41及42,如第11C圖所示。當模具70接觸並壓縮擋止層41及42的部分時,相較於大氣具有正壓力的一流體,例如空氣,可被注射於擋止體41與42之間,以分別接觸且配合於模部71及72的輪廓。空氣亦可自擋止層41及42與模部71與72之間的區域經由多個排氣孔移除,藉以將擋止層41及42引至模部71及72的表面上。亦即,至少部分真空可形成於擋止層41及42與模部71及72的表面之間。除此之外,將擋止層41及42引至模部71及72的表面亦將擋止層41及42引至與嵌入體61及62接觸。據此,擋止層41及42於此部分的製造過程期間可接觸及接合於嵌入體61及62。
當擋止層41與42之間的區域被加壓且空氣自模具70與擋止層41及42之間的區域移除時,擋止層41及42配合模具70的形狀且接合在一起。更具體而言,擋止層41及42伸展、彎曲或以其他方式配合沿模具70中的模穴表面延伸並形成腔室50的大致形狀。儘管擋止層41及42配合以沿該模穴的表面延伸,擋止層41及42大致上不會接觸模部71及72被嵌入體61及62覆蓋的部分。具體上,擋止層41接觸並被壓縮於嵌入體61的面向內表面,藉以將擋止層41接合於嵌入體61。同理,擋止層42接觸並被壓縮於嵌入體62的面向內表面,藉以將擋止層42接合於嵌入體62。
嵌入體61及62的不同面向外表面大致與腔室50的表面齊平。當空氣加壓於擋止層41與42之間的區域且空氣引出模具70時,擋止層41及42及嵌入體61及62被壓縮於模具70表面上。擋止層41接觸嵌入體61的面向內表面,配合嵌入體61的形狀,延伸繞於嵌入體61的尖錐側,且接觸模部71的表面。以此方式,嵌入體61被凹設於腔室50內。同理,擋止層42接觸嵌入體62的面向內表面,配合嵌入體62的形狀,延伸繞於嵌入體62的尖錐側,且接觸模部72的表面。以此方式,嵌入體62被凹設於腔室50內。
於將擋止層41及42黏合於嵌入體61及62期間,空氣可陷於擋止層41與嵌入體61之間及擋止層42與嵌入體62之間,而使黏合有效性減低。為將空氣自擋止層41及42與嵌入體61及62之間的區域移除,可形成數孔洞於嵌入體61及62的預定位置。這些孔洞可提供空氣出口且可對應於模具70的數排氣孔的位置。
一旦支撐元件40a形成於模具70中時,模部71及72即可分離,以致於腔室50及嵌入體62及62的結合體可自模具70中移出,如第11D圖所示。之後可使該聚合材料形成的腔室50及嵌入體61及62冷卻,且加壓流體可以習用方式注入。舉例來說,於黏合擋止層41及42期間所形成的導管可利用以注射該流體,且之後該導管可密封於對應環周接合部54的位置處以密封腔室50。除此之外,擋止層41及42超出的部分可加以修整或以其他方式自支撐元件40a上移除。之後該等超出的部分可再循環或再利用以形成另外的擋止層。當各支撐元件40a-40d使用單一模具形成時,擋止層41及42超出的部分可保留以形成支撐構件,如第12圖中,其可結合於鞋類10上。
模部71及72的構形影響環周接合部54的安置。將環周接合部54安置於第二表面52與側壁面53的分界面處之一優點是可經由側壁面53的露出部位保持無障礙的能見度。此構形需要使擋止層41較擋止層42伸展更多程度以可形成側壁面53。然而,於本發明另一實施例中,環周接合部54可位於側壁面53的中間點處,或者環周接合部54可位於第一表面51與側壁面53的界面處。據此,環周接合部54的高度可選定成可限制或其他方式控制擋止層41及42的伸展程度。
當擋止層41及42於熱成型過程期間伸展時,擋止層41及42的厚度會減少。擋止層41及42所要產生的厚度一般依據鞋類10的特定使用及構形來決定。選定環周接合部54的位置及擋止層41及42的起始厚度提供對擋止層41及42的伸展程度之控制。據此,環周接合部54的位置及擋止層41及42的起始厚度的選定是可用以使囊袋腔室50的整體厚度達到最小而可保持充分的強度。
儘管上述熱成型過程是一種用以形成支撐元件40a適當的方式,亦可使用吹模(blow-molding)製程。一般而言,適當的吹模製程涉及將嵌入體61及62定位於二模部的至少之一中且再將一母管(parison)定位於該等模部之間,例如模部71及72。該母管概為呈中空且熔融聚合材料的管狀結構。於形成該母管時,該熔融聚合材料是自一印模擠壓成形。該母管的壁厚可為實質上固定,或可沿該母管的周圍變化。據此,該母管的橫剖面可顯現出不同壁厚的區域。適用於該母管的材料包括與上述腔室50相同的材料。隨後該母管放置於該等模部之間,該等模部關閉於該母管上,且於該母管中的加壓空氣引來液態彈性體材料以接觸該模具的表面。除此之外,該等模部的關閉及加壓空氣的引入可引來液態彈性體材料以接觸嵌入體61及62的表面。空氣亦自該母管與該模具之間的區域排出。據此,支撐元件40a亦可經由吹模製程形成,其中嵌入體61及62是於該熔融聚合材料引入之前放置於模具中。
除了熱成型及吹模法外,亦可利用其他不同的製造技術來形成支撐元件40a。舉例來說,腔室50可與嵌入體61及62分開形成且再接合在一起。亦可利用雙噴(dual-injection)技術以分開材料同步形成腔室50及嵌入體61及62。於一些實施例中,可形成與第一表面51及側壁面53對應之一第一元件,可將與第二表面52對應之一第二元件與之結合,可再將與嵌入體61及62對應之一對第三元件固定於外側。據此,具有支撐元件40a的大致形狀及特徵的結構即可由不同製程形成。
上述是有關於支撐元件40a的成型。然而,上述的各種內容可應用於各支撐元件40b-40d。據此,可利用實質上相似的程序來製造支撐元件40b-40d。上述的各種內容亦可應用於其他支撐元件構造。
支撐元件40a-40d是配置成可使支撐元件40a位於相鄰側部14,支撐元件40b位於相鄰側部14及支撐元件40a的前方,支撐元件40c位於相鄰中間側部15,及支撐元件40d位於相鄰中間側部15及支撐元件40c的前方。據此,支撐元件40a-40d是配置成一正方形構形。於另一實施例中,支撐元件40a-40d可相互偏離,或使更少或更多的支撐元件可位於腳跟區域13中。額外與支撐元件40a-40d相似的支撐元件亦可位於前腳區域11及中腳區域12其中之一或兩者中。或者,與支撐元件40a-40d相似的支撐元件可限制於前腳區域11或中腳區域12。據此,支撐元件40a-40d的數量及位置可明顯地變化。
支撐元件40a的結構,及支撐元件40b-40d的結構可與上述及第1-10圖所示的一般結構作顯著變化。舉例來說,支撐元件40a-40d可形成以顯現不同於圓柱的形狀而包括立方體及球體。或者,側壁面53例如可具有橢圓形、三角形或六角形的截面。於一些實施例中,嵌入體61及62於未加壓狀態時可具有平面形狀,其於加壓狀態時會朝外彎曲。嵌入體61及62亦可以不包含將嵌入體61及62凹設於表面51及52內的方式接合於腔室50。
嵌入體61及62是結合於中底31之空隙33的上及下表面,藉以將支撐元件40a固定於鞋類10。據此,中底31可包括一或多個板體,例如,其包括用於支撐元件40a的結合位置。於另外實施例中,嵌入體61及62可以單一(即單件式)構造形成而具有該等板體。亦即,嵌入體61及62可以聚合泡沫材料、板體,或中底31界定空隙33的其他元件形成單一構造。此構形可減少將支撐元件40a結合於中底31所需的連接數量,且亦可增加耐用性及減少鞋類10所需的製造步驟數目。
支撐元件40b-40d是顯示具有與支撐元件40a相同的結構。然而,於本發明一些實施例中,支撐元件40a-40d的相對高度可作變化,或是於支撐元件40b-40d中流體的壓力可作變化。為限制造成腳內轉(pronation)(即腳部自側向側部14轉至中間側部15),支撐元件40a及40b可具有較支撐元件40c及40d更少的流體壓力,或是形成支撐元件40a及40b的擋止層的厚度可小於形成支撐元件40c及40d的擋止層的厚度。據此,支撐元件40a-40d的相對結構可顯著變化。
上述各嵌入體61及62是具有板狀結構,具二相對表面及一尖錐側壁。於其他實施例中,嵌入體61及62其中之一或兩者可界定多個肋部以強化嵌入體61及62的堅硬度。嵌入體61及62亦可形成多個孔洞以界定成一網狀結構。此外,嵌入體61及62可分別以二或更多元件形成,其凹設於表面51及52內。舉例來說,該二元件可以不同材料形成以使支撐元件40a-40d的區域具有不同的特性。據此,嵌入體61及62除了板體構形外,可具有多種不同的構形。
上述支撐元件40a-40d的特定構形是為了提供於本發明的型態範圍中支撐元件的範例。然而,亦可利用不同替代的構形。如第12圖所示,是顯示一支撐構件,具有支撐元件40a-40d被一X形導管43所連接。相較於上述個別的支撐元件40a-40d,導管43使各支撐元件40a-40d處於流體連通。當支撐元件40a-40d形成為個別元件時,其中一支撐元件40a-40d壓力增加而其他支撐元件40a-40d中的壓力未增加。然而,當以導管43連接時,壓力的增加可均勻分布於不同支撐元件40a-40d之中。於形成該支撐構件時,支撐元件40a-40d可形成為一單元,或是可使各支撐元件40a-40d分開形成後再結合。
如上所述,支撐元件40a-40d中的流體壓力當鞋底結構30是在未壓縮狀態時是相同的。可利用導管43來確保各支撐元件40a-40d內的流體壓力是實質上相等。亦即,可形成具有支撐元件40a-40d及導管43之該支撐構件並加壓。於此狀態時,各支撐元件40a-40d將具有實質上相等的流體壓力。之後導管43可被密封或以其他方式擋止以將支撐元件40a-40d自相互流體連通狀態移除。因此,實際上,密封導管43將隔離各支撐元件40a-40d而不相互流體連通且確保各支撐元件40a-40d的起始壓力是實質上相等的。
密封導管43亦可利用以隔離其中一支撐元件40a-40d不與其他支撐元件40a-40d流體連通。舉例來說,可將導管43相鄰於支撐元件40a的部位密封以防止流體連通於支撐元件40a與各支撐元件40b-40d之間。亦可利用僅密封導管43的一部分以變化支撐元件40b-40d當中的流體壓力。舉例來說,具有支撐元件40a-40d的支撐構件可被充氣成一第一壓力,且導管43相鄰於支撐元件40a的部分可被密封以防止壓力進一步增加。之後其他支撐元件40b-40d可加壓至較高的流體壓力。類似的製程可如Potter等人的美國專利號碼5,353,459。
另一種鞋類100的物件顯示於第13圖,其包括一鞋幫120及一鞋底結構130。鞋幫120是固定於鞋底結構130且可顯現一般的鞋幫20構形或任何習用或非習用鞋幫。為舉例說明,鞋底結構130主要位於鞋類100的鞋跟區域之部分是顯示於第14-16圖。鞋底結構130的此部分是固定於鞋幫120的一下表面且包括一外底131、一板體140,及一支撐構件150。外底131形成鞋底結構130的一地面銜接表面且可由一或多耐久、耐磨元件所形成,其質地具有強化的附著摩擦力。板體140是位於相鄰鞋幫120且設置一表面用以附接腔室150。於一些實施例中,一聚合泡沫材料,例如聚氨酯或EVA(ethylvinylacetate),可延伸於板體140與鞋幫120之間。支撐構件150延伸於板體140與外底131之間,且包括四腔室151a-151d。鞋底結構130位於中腳及前腳區域的其他部分可具有類似的構形。
板體140是由半堅硬聚合材料所形成且沿鞋幫120的一下表面延伸。如第17及18圖所示,板體140的一下表面界定四附接構件141a-141d及數肋部142。附接構件141a-141d是與板體140形成單一(即單件式)構造,且自板體140向下延伸以分別銜接腔室151a-151d,且附接構件141a-141d的下表面之輪廓是可與腔室151a-151d配合。肋部142是以鞋類100的縱向方向延伸且可強化鞋底結構130的堅硬度。
板體140的適當材料例如包括多種聚合材料及任何上述用於嵌入體61及62的材料。於一些實施例中,附接構件141a-141d可由不同於板體140其他部分的材質形成。同理,附接構件141a-141d可由不同於板體140其他部分的顏色的材質形成。舉例來說,附接構件141a-141d可由透明或至少部分透明的材質所形成,而板體140其他部分可由彩色及不透明材質所形成。在附接構件141a-141d與板體140其他部分之間亦可具有其他特性,例如硬度及密度上的變異。據此,例如一種雙噴模製製程可利用以形成板體140。於一些實施例中,附接構件141a-141d可與板體140分開形成,且再於鞋類100的製造期間附接。
支撐構件150是由一擋止材料所形成,其實質上可對包含於腔室151a-151d的加壓流體具不滲透性。如上述腔室50,各腔室151a-151d可由一第一擋止層接合於一第二擋止層所形成。更詳言之,該第一擋止層可界定該等腔室151a-151d的一第一表面及一側壁面,且該第二擋止層可界定該等腔室151a-151d的一第二表面。據此,該等擋止層可繞腔室151a-151d的環周黏接在一起,以界定環周接合部,其將該加壓流體密封於支撐構件150中。於其他實施例中,各擋止層可形成該側壁面的部分,以使該等環周接合部可位於該第一表面與該第二表面之間。
該等擋止層形成支撐構件150延伸於腔室151a-151d之間,以形成一基底152,其連接腔室151a-151d。當結合於鞋類100時,基底152是位於相鄰於外底131,但可位於相鄰於板體140。一X形導管153設置使各腔室151a-151d流體連通。據此,於其中一腔室151a-151d中的壓力增加可導致其他腔室151a-151d內壓力的對應增加。於一些實施例中,導管153可免除以使腔室151a-151d不流體連通。或者,可免除基底152以使腔室151a-151d相互分離。
上述嵌入體61及62可作為限制第一表面51及第二表面52因腔室50中的流體壓力之故向外凸出之程度。類似的嵌入體可利用於腔室151a-151d。然而,如第19及20圖所示,各腔室151a-151d包括一內接合部154,其延伸於相對表面之間且可限制該等相對表面向外凸出的程度。據此,腔室151a-151d可免除類似於嵌入體61及62的結構。各腔室151a-151d界定多數居中的凹陷部於與接合部154對應之區域。附接構件141a-141d的輪廓各可延伸於該等凹陷部內。
如上所述,附接構件141a-141d可以透明或至少部分透明材料所形成。該等聚合材料形成腔室151a-151d亦可為透明或至少部分透明,以使附接構件141a-141d及腔室151a-151d的光學特性相似。同時,附接構件141a-141d及腔室151a-151d是形成鞋底結構130的厚度的一部分。藉由以與形成腔室151a-151d的光學特性相似的材質形成附接構件141a-141d,鞋底結構130可具有使腔室151a-151d可形成鞋底結構130的厚度的較大部分之外觀。亦即,以具有相似光學特性的材質形成附接構件141a-141d及腔室151a-151d,可具有的外觀是使腔室151a-151d自外底131延伸至板體140的上部。除了以透明材質形成附接構件141a-141d及腔室151a-151d以具有相似光學性外,附接構件141a-141d及腔室151a-151d亦可以相似色彩的材質、具有相似表面質地的材質、具有相似設計的材質,或具有其他特性而可具有相似外觀的材質所形成。據此,附接構件141a-141d及腔室151a-151d可以,舉例來說,實質上相同色彩或透明度之材質所形成,以具有光學相似性。
上述著重於鞋底結構130於鞋類100的腳跟區域上的結構。相似結構亦可利用於中腳區域及前腳區域。參考第13圖,鞋底結構130包括多數元件,其自鞋幫120向下延伸且各包括一個別板體部,腔室部,及外底部。而支撐構件150包括四腔室151a-151d,各元件包括一單一腔室。於一些實施例中,該鞋底結構130的腳跟區域可具有相似構形,其中各腔室151a-151d是相互分離。
本發明配合參考數實施例而揭露於上及附圖中。然而,此揭露目的是提供對於本發明的觀點將不同特徵及內容舉例說明,而非限制本發明的範圍。熟於此相關技藝者將認知可對上述實施例作多種變化及變更,而仍不脫離本發明的範圍,其是由申請專利範圍所界定。
10,100...鞋類
11...前腳區域
12...中腳區域
13...腳跟區域
14...側向側部
15...中間側部
20,120...鞋幫
21...踝開口
22...鞋帶
30,130...鞋底結構
32,131...外底
31...中底
33...空隙
34...上表面
35...下表面
40a-40d...支撐元件
41,42...擋止層
43...導管
50...腔室
51...第一表面
52...第二表面
53...側壁面
54...環周接合部
61,62...嵌入體
70...模具
71...第一模部
72...第二模部
140...板體
141a-141d...附接構件
142...肋部
150...支撐構件
151a-151d...腔室
152...基底
153...導管
154...內接合部
第1圖是一種鞋類物件的側向側視圖;
第2圖是該鞋類物件的中間側視圖;
第3圖是該鞋類物件的支撐元件之透視圖;
第4圖是該支撐元件的側視圖;
第5圖是該支撐元件以第4圖的剖線5-5所界定之橫剖圖;
第6圖是該支撐元件的分解透視圖;
第7圖是該支撐元件的分解側視圖;
第8圖是該支撐元件於一未加壓構形時的透視圖;
第9圖是該支撐元件於未加壓構形時的側視圖;
第10圖是該支撐元件於未加壓構形時,以第9圖的剖線10-10所界定之橫剖圖;
第11A-11D是以模具來描述製造該支撐元件的步驟之示意橫剖圖;
第12圖是具有四支撐元件的一支撐構件之透視圖;
第13圖是另一種鞋類物件的側向側視圖;
第14圖是由第13圖描繪的鞋類物件的一部分之側視圖;
第15圖是該鞋類物件的該部分,以第14圖的剖線15-15所界定之橫剖圖;
第16圖是由第13圖描繪的鞋類物件的該部分之分解側視圖;
第17圖是由第13圖描繪的鞋類物件的一板構件之底面圖;
第18圖是該板構件的透視圖;
第19圖是由第13圖描繪的鞋類物件的支撐構件之頂面圖;及
第20圖是該支撐構件的透視圖。
10...鞋類
11...前腳區域
12...中腳區域
13...腳跟區域
14...側向側部
20...鞋幫
21...踝開口
22...鞋帶
30...鞋底結構
32...外底
31...中底
33...空隙
34...上表面
35...下表面
40a,40b...支撐元件
Claims (22)
- 一種包含經流體填充元件之鞋類物件的製造方法,該方法包括以下步驟:形成多數經流體填充元件,其包含對該等多數經流體填充元件的每一個經流體填充元件形成;自一聚合材料形成一腔室,其中該腔室的形成包括使該腔室成形以具有一外圓柱構形;將一嵌入體固定於該腔室的一表面;加壓該腔室以使該嵌入體變形;及將該等多數經流體填充元件結合於一鞋類物件之一腳跟區域內。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該加壓腔室的步驟包括減少該嵌入體的曲率。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該加壓腔室的步驟包括將該嵌入體自一彎曲構形變形成一平面構形。
- 如請求項3所述之方法,其中該加壓腔室的步驟包含將整個嵌入體自一彎曲構形變形成一平面構形。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該形成腔室的步驟包括界定該腔室的一第一表面、一相對的第二表面,及一側壁,該側壁延伸於該第一表面與該第二表面之間。
- 如請求項5所述之方法,其中該固定嵌入體的步驟包含將該嵌入體接合於該第一表面。
- 如請求項6所述之方法,其中該固定嵌入體的步驟進一步包括將另一嵌入體接合於該第二表面。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該固定嵌入體的步驟包括將該嵌入體凹設於該腔室的聚合材料內。
- 如請求項8所述之方法,其中該固定嵌入體的步驟包含固定一具有藉由一環繞側壁結合的相對表面之嵌入體,該固定更包含將該等相對表面的一者固定於該腔室之一表面以及將該側壁凹設於該腔室之該聚合材料內,並且加壓該腔室之步驟包含密封該腔室。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該加壓腔室的步驟包含密封該腔室。
- 一種經流體填充元件的製造方法,該方法包括以下步驟:自一聚合材料形成一腔室;將一嵌入體凹設於該腔室的聚合材料內,以將該嵌入體固定於該腔室;及加壓該腔室,包括將該嵌入體自一彎曲構形變形成一平面構形。
- 如請求項11所述之方法,其中該加壓腔室的步驟包含將整個嵌入體自一彎曲構形變形成一平面構形。
- 如請求項11所述之方法,其中該凹設嵌入體的步驟包含凹設一具有藉由一環繞側壁結合的相對表面之嵌入體,該凹設更包含將該等相對表面的一者固定於該腔室之一表面以及將該側壁凹設於該腔室之該聚合材料內,並且加壓該腔室之步驟包含密封該腔室。
- 如請求項11所述之方法,其中該形成腔室的步驟包含使 該腔室成形以具有一圓柱構形。
- 如請求項11所述之方法,進一步包含將另一嵌入體固定於該腔室於與該嵌入體相對的位置之步驟。
- 如請求項11所述之方法,進一步包含將該經流體填充元件結合於一鞋類物件內之步驟。
- 一種具有一上部及一底部結構之鞋類物件的製造方法,該方法包括以下步驟:形成一聚合材料以界定一腔室,該腔室具有一第一表面、一相對該第一表面之第二表面、及一延伸於該第一表面與該第二表面之間的側壁;將一第一嵌入體凹設於該腔室的該第一表面內,及將一第二嵌入體凹設於該腔室的該第二表面內;加壓該腔室以減少該第一嵌入體之曲率;界定該鞋類物件之該底部結構中的一空隙;及定位該底部結構中的該腔室,使得該第一嵌入體及該第二嵌入體係與該空隙之相對側邊相鄰,其中定位該腔室包括定位該鞋類物件之一腳跟區域中的三個額外腔室。
- 如請求項17所述之方法,其中該加壓腔室的步驟包含將整個第一嵌入體自一彎曲構形變形成一平面構形。
- 如請求項17所述之方法,其中該凹設第一嵌入體的步驟包含凹設一具有藉由一環繞側壁結合的相對表面之嵌入體,該凹設第一嵌入體更包含將該等相對表面的一者固定於該腔室之一第一表面以及將該側壁凹設於該腔室之 該聚合材料內,並且加壓該腔室之步驟包含密封該腔室。
- 如請求項17所述之方法,其中形成該聚合材料的步驟包括使該腔室成形以具有一圓柱構形。
- 如請求項17所述之方法,其中該凹設的步驟包括將該第一嵌入體及該第二嵌入體凹設於該腔室的該聚合材料內。
- 如請求項17所述之方法,其中該加壓腔室的步驟包含密封該腔室。
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