TWI439382B - 用於機車之混合推進傳動系統 - Google Patents

用於機車之混合推進傳動系統 Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI439382B
TWI439382B TW097108819A TW97108819A TWI439382B TW I439382 B TWI439382 B TW I439382B TW 097108819 A TW097108819 A TW 097108819A TW 97108819 A TW97108819 A TW 97108819A TW I439382 B TWI439382 B TW I439382B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
transmission system
hybrid propulsion
propulsion transmission
connection means
motor
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Application number
TW097108819A
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English (en)
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TW200846212A (en
Inventor
Federico Martini
Alessandro Caleo
Luca Carmignani
Paolo Capozzella
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Piaggio & C Spa
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Publication of TW200846212A publication Critical patent/TW200846212A/zh
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Publication of TWI439382B publication Critical patent/TWI439382B/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/448—Electrical distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2054—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed by controlling transmissions or clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/262—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators the motor or generator are used as clutch, e.g. between engine and driveshaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Description

用於機車之混合推進傳動系統
本發明是關於一種用於機車之混合推進傳動系統，尤其是用於摩托車輛。
近年來，針對減少交通工具造成的污染排放，尤其是針對市中心的情況所作的大量努力研究，其中空氣品質往往已達到警戒水平。本研究在首要階段主要針對摩托車及工業車輛包括兩輪摩托車工業。此研究係著眼於兩個不同方面但具有共同目標，即製造少之又少無污染的車輛。
往往，研究活動將其注意力放在推進之替代形式，例如混合推進系統。事實上，在此種推進系統中，一電力引擎被加入共同的內燃引擎中。目的即在使車輛之整體效率最佳化，使內燃引擎在提升的性能中運轉，在減速及剎車期間回復能量，且在某些情況可只作電力推進。
至今，在內燃引擎與電力引擎之間的整合有三種型式，其被定義為「串聯混合」、「並聯混合」、及「結合混合」。
在「串聯混合」中，內燃引擎並不直接連接至輪子，但只是單純地為了產生所需的動力以供給電力引擎，其將動力轉換為運動。剩餘的能量則用來對裝設的電池進行再充電。但是，「串聯混合」推進之最大缺點在於僅使用內燃引擎時導致效率的大幅降低，尤其是在定速及高速的情況。這是由於在熱能/電能/運動轉換的期間，部分能量會散發。反之，在習知直接傳動的情況並不會發生。
上述缺點並不會在「並聯混合」引擎中產生，兩種內燃引擎及電力引擎可供應扭矩到車輛的驅動輪子。但是，在具有此種引擎的車輛之使用的一般情況，通常內燃引擎會比電力引擎的動力產生較高的動力供應，結果因而產生相當受限的污染排放及燃料消耗。
最近，在系統之「結合混合」型式中，具有容易地從「串聯混合」轉換為「並聯混合」之可能性，反之亦然。但是，此型式的混合系統相對於上述系統型式在製造成本會造成大幅提高。
故，本發明之目的在提供一用於機車之混合推進傳動系統，尤其是用於摩托車輛，一般可克服上述之技術缺點。
尤其，本發明之目的在提供一用於機車之混合推進傳動系統，其中內燃引擎係獨立於輪子，同時可確保整體推進系統的最大效率情況。
本發明之另一目的在提供一用於機車之混合推進傳動系統，其中內燃引擎永遠可在最大效率下運轉，具顯著的燃料節省性能及幾乎污染物質排放的完全降低。
又，本發明之另一目的在提供一用於機車之混合推進傳動系統，其中製造成本的增加相對於傳統型式之混合推進系統僅為微小。
本發明之這些及其他目的可由申請專利範圍第1項所述的用於機車之混合推進傳動系統之提供而達成。
本發明之其他特徵將由隨後之申請專利範圍而說明。
依照本發明之用於機車之混合推進傳動系統的特徵及優點將由參照圖面的下列說明而更了解，下列說明僅作為實例而非限制。
特別參照第1圖，是依照本發明用於機車之混合推進傳動系統之第1實施例。在此構造中，定義「串聯混合」，此系統主要包括一內燃引擎或熱引擎10，設有第1機械連接手段12連接到一第1電機機器14。第1電機機器14接著經由電力及/或電子連接手段16連接到可傳遞運動的第2電機機器18，並經由第2機械連接手段20到機車之至少一驅動輪子22上。
在此構造中，「串聯混合」並未在熱引擎10與驅動輪子22之間設置一直接機械連接，但是由熱引擎10本身供應的所有機械動力被轉換為電力，並傳遞一體地結合到驅動輪子22的電機機器18，驅動輪子22再將其轉換成機械推進動力。
在此須指出，上述提及第1及第2機械連接手段12及20可包括例如一連接軸、一皮帶(梯形、同步等)、一平行軸心減速齒輪、一行星減速齒輪、一具有蝸輪及齒狀輪的減速齒輪、一錐狀輪形的減速齒輪、或其他類似的已知機構。接著，電力及/或電子連接手段16可作成為二極體電橋、換流器或其他均等電力及/或電子裝置。
又，以類似於傳統混合推進系統的方式，可設置一或多個直接地連接到電力及/或電子連接手段16之蓄電裝置 24。蓄電裝置24，例如可為基於Pb,Pb-gel,Ni-Mh,Li-Ion或超電容的電池所組成，具有將電機機器14及18產生的多餘電能回復的功能，以例如將其供應到裝設在摩托車上的各式裝置，或調節兩電機機器14及18本身的運轉。
在用於機車之混合推進傳動系統之本實施例中，為了將熱引擎10之最大動力傳遞到輪子22，電機機器14及18必須度量熱引擎10本身之最大動力的大小。故，為了轉換為推進動力，由熱引擎10產生的所有動力必須有一長的轉換及傳動鏈條，而降低系統的整體性能。
第2圖顯示依照本發明用於機車之混合推進傳動系統，定義為「結合混合」。在此實施例中，兩者之第1電機機器14及第2電機機器18係直接彼此相連，且經由第2機械連接手段20連到機車的輪子22。依此方式，可將熱引擎10產生的一些動力直接傳遞到驅動輪子22。故，視內燃引擎10之操作狀況而定可作為發電機及作為推進器的電機機器14及18之兩者，相對於由引擎10本身供應的動力而必須供應一減量的動力，而明顯地具有成本上、整體尺寸、重量、及效率方面的優點。
與習知型式的「並聯混合」推進系統相反，熱引擎10並未一體地整合到驅動輪子22，且個別的轉速因而脫鉤無相關。故，此使得熱引擎10可在與能源消耗及污染物質排放兩者相關的理想轉速下運轉。
第3圖顯示依照本發明之「結合混合」推進系統的一可能變化例。兩電力機器14及18係以同心的方式安裝， 使得第2電機機器18的轉子一體地整合到第1電機機器14之旋轉定子。此變化例能達成整體尺寸之有效減少，且因而適於小尺寸的機車及摩托車輛。
而，第4圖顯示依照本發明之「結合混合」推進系統的另一較佳變化例。在此變化例中，熱引擎10及兩電機機器14及18被連接到第2機械連接手段20，以經由行星減速齒輪26的介入而將運動傳達到驅動輪子22。
第5圖顯示依照本發明之「結合混合」推進系統的一可能的應用例。此應用例係用於實際例說明而非限制用途，特別被稱為兩輪車輛，例如摩托車輛，且其可取代習知的連續變化傳動(CVT)齒輪箱。
熱引擎10裝軸頸於第1電機機器14之定子28，其可作為發電機及推進器而運轉，如在之前所詳述。在此構造中，定子28可被熱引擎10之軸的驅動而轉動。第1電機機器14之轉子30因而通過由一同步皮帶或一軸所組成的機械連接手段20而一體地整合到第2電機機器18之轉子34。反之，第2電機機器18之定子36係被牢固地拘限在機車之骨架的一固定零件，因而無法旋轉。第2電機機器18之轉子34係一體地整合到一最終減速齒輪32的輸入軸38，因此最後到機車的驅動輪子22。
依照本發明之用於機車之混合推進傳動系統的運轉條件，係視熱引擎10之轉速ω1 及第1電機機器14之轉速ω2 之間的比率而定，其可結論如下。
- 情況1：ω1 >ω2
在此情況中，以較高速度轉動的熱引擎10將第1電機機器14之轉子30轉動，其因而終止以發電機運轉。熱引擎10所供給之動力的一部分因而被傳遞到機械連接機構32，且接著傳遞到驅動輪子22，而其餘部分被第1電機機器14轉換為電力，且經由電力及/或電子連接手段16傳遞到第2電機機器18，而將其轉換為另外之機械動力而輸送到驅動輪子22或者傳遞到蓄電裝置24，或視需要而傳遞到以上之兩者。
故，若熱引擎10之轉速ω1 係高於第1電機機器14之轉速ω2 之時，此第1電機機器14係以作為發電機而運轉，而第2電機機器18則作為推進器而運轉。
- 情況2：ω1 =ω2
若一體地整合於第1電機機器14之定子28的熱引擎10之轉速係等於同一電機機器14之轉子30的轉速的話，此第1電機機器14將作為一電磁關節而運轉，吸收任何可能從第1電機機器18或蓄電裝置24或兩者所供應的電流。故，在此情況，第1電機機器14將作為一電磁關節而運轉，而第2電機機器18則作為發電機而運轉，亦並聯於蓄電裝置24將電力供應至第1電機機器14。
- 情況3：ω1 <ω2
一旦熱引擎10到達其最大轉速時，第1電機機器14啟動而作為一推進器，且經由電力及/或電子連接手段16而由蓄電裝置24、或由在此情況作為發電機而運轉的第2電機機器18、或以上兩者供應電力。
故，若熱引擎10之轉速ω1 係低於第1電機機器14之轉速ω2 的話，此第1電機機器14係以作為推進器而運轉，而第2電機機器18則作為發電機而運轉，亦並聯於蓄電裝置24將電力供應至第1電機機器14。
適合各大小尺寸，以被安裝到一摩托車上，第2電機機器18之整體尺寸在直徑上類似於離合器鐘者，由於不用整個的CVT傳動群，其並不存在於設有根據本發明之系統的摩托車上。另一方面，關於第1電機機器14，較佳為係小於第2電機機器18，使得第1電機機器14必須傳遞的最大扭矩係等於由熱引擎10所供應者。
故，由於裝設於內燃引擎10下游的兩電機機器14及18之存在，此引擎10可從驅動輪子22機械地脫離，其可無關於路面負荷及車輛速度而被控制。依此方式，內燃引擎10主要可以固定轉速而穩定地運轉，當車輛停止時可階段性地關閉。當車輛正移動時，內燃引擎10可由電機機器14或18之一再起動，相反地車輛本身之起動例如可藉由其他電機機器而執行。
從驅動輪子22將內燃引擎10脫離之可能性，允許去控制加速及減速階段，嘗試使內燃引擎10在與污染物排放及能源銷耗有關的理想水平下運轉。
讓電機機器14或18兩者之一個一體地整合到驅動輪子22，本發明之系統可在減速及剎車階段回復能量。又，可採用此電機機器18在推進上，而製造出一地區性地可免於氣體及噪音排放的車輛。
因而已觀察到本發明之用於機車之混合推進傳動系統可達成前述之目的，尤其可獲得下列優點：- 熱引擎獨立於驅動輪子或獨立於機車的驅動輪，而具有使此熱引擎在與污染物排放及能源銷耗有關的理想效率水平下運轉；- 以安靜的方式起動熱引擎的可能性，當車輛停止將此熱引擎關閉且僅在到達由安裝在車輛本身的兩個電機機器之一而預設的速度時重新起動；- 機車之電子噴射推進，因而區域少有廢氣及噪音；- 在剎車及減速時能量的回復；- 在動力從熱引擎傳遞到驅動輪子之期間有較低的動力分散；- 依順序的方式改變傳動比之可能性；如此設計的本發明之用於機車之混合推進傳動系統，在任何情況可以有許多修改及變化，其等均在相同的發明概念之內；又，所有細節可由其他技術均等元件取代。實際應用上，使用的材料及其形狀及尺寸可視技術需求而改變。
本發明之保護範圍係由附加的申請專利範圍來界定。
10‧‧‧內燃引擎
12‧‧‧第1機械連接手段
14‧‧‧第1電機機器
16‧‧‧電力及/或電子手段
18‧‧‧第2電機機器
20‧‧‧第2機械連接手段
22‧‧‧驅動輪子
24‧‧‧蓄壓裝置
26‧‧‧行星減速齒輪
28‧‧‧第1電機機器之定子
30‧‧‧第1電機機器之轉子
32‧‧‧最終減速齒輪
34‧‧‧第2電機機器之轉子
36‧‧‧第2電機機器之定子
38‧‧‧輸入軸
第1圖是依照本發明用於機車之混合推進傳動系統之第1實施例的概略圖。
第2圖係依照本發明用於機車之混合推進傳動系統之第2實施例的概圖。
第3圖是第2圖所示之實施例的第1變化之概圖。
第4圖係第2圖所示之實施例的第2變化之概圖。
第5圖係第2圖所示之實施例的一摩托車之可能應用的概圖。
10‧‧‧內燃引擎
12‧‧‧第1機械連接手段
14‧‧‧第1電機機器
16‧‧‧電力及/或電子手段
18‧‧‧第2電機機器
20‧‧‧第2機械連接手段
22‧‧‧驅動輪子
24‧‧‧蓄壓裝置

Claims (11)

  1. 一種用於機車類之混合推進傳動系統，包括至少一含有軸之內燃引擎(10)及至少一驅動輪子(22)，其特徵為：此系統包括一包含有轉動定子(28)及轉子(30)之第1電機機器(14)，其具有第1機械連接手段(12)，連接到該至少一內燃引擎(10)；及包含有轉子(34)第2電機機器(18)，其經由電力及/或電子連接手段(16)而與該第1電機機器(14)連接，並且經由第2機械連接手段(20)而連結到至少一驅動輪子(22)；其中該第1電機機器(14)係經由該第2機械連接手段(20)而與該第2電機機械(18)及與該至少一驅動輪子(22)連結；其中該內燃引擎(10)之軸被裝軸頸於該第1電機機器(14)之轉動定子(28)，故該內燃引擎(10)之軸將有能力驅使該定子旋轉。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之混合推進傳動系統，其中另包括一或多個直接連接到該電機及/或電子連接手段(16)之蓄電裝置(24)。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之混合推進傳動系統，其中該第1電機機器(14)及該第2電機機器(18)係以同心方式安裝，使得該第2電機機器(18)的轉子一體地結合到該第1電機機器(14)之轉動定子。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之混合推進傳動系統，其中該內燃引擎(10)和該第1及第2電機機器(14),(18)被連接到 該第2機械連接手段(20)，以經由一行星減速齒輪(26)的介入而將運動傳遞到該至少一驅動輪子(22)。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之混合推進傳動系統，其中該第1電機機器(14)之轉子(30)經由該第2機械連接手段(20)而一體地結合到該第2電機機器(18)的轉子(34)。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第5項之混合推進傳動系統，其中該第2電機機器(18)的定子(36)係牢固地被拘限在該機車之骨架的一固定部位。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第5項之混合推進傳動系統，其中該第2電機機器(18)的該轉子(34)係一體地結合到一最終減速齒輪(32)處的輸入軸(38)，接著一體地結合到該至少一驅動輪子(22)。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項之混合推進傳動系統，其中該第1及第2機械連接手段(12),(20)係選自於由下列組成的群組：- 連接軸；- 梯形皮帶；- 同步皮帶；- 平行軸心減速齒輪；- 行星減速齒輪；- 具有蝸輪及齒狀輪的減速齒輪；- 錐輪式之減速齒輪。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第1項之混合推進傳動系統，其中該電力及/或電子連接手段(16)係製成二極體電橋及/或換流 器之形式。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第2項之混合推進傳動系統，其中該一或多個蓄電裝置(24)係由基於Pb,Pb-gel,Ni-Mh,Li-Ion的電池所組成。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第2項之混合推進傳動系統，其中該一或多個蓄電裝置(24)係由超級電容所組成。
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