TWI428467B - 於潤滑環境下，經塗覆以薄層的滑動接觸構件 - Google Patents

於潤滑環境下，經塗覆以薄層的滑動接觸構件 Download PDF

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TWI428467B
TWI428467B TW096139034A TW96139034A TWI428467B TW I428467 B TWI428467 B TW I428467B TW 096139034 A TW096139034 A TW 096139034A TW 96139034 A TW96139034 A TW 96139034A TW I428467 B TWI428467 B TW I428467B
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莫林皮瑞爾 菲力浦
雷卓皮爾 佛羅倫特
胡茲 勞倫特
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C16/0254—Physical treatment to alter the texture of the surface, e.g. scratching or polishing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
    • C23C16/26—Deposition of carbon only
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12472—Microscopic interfacial wave or roughness
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
    • Y10T428/12958—Next to Fe-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Description

於潤滑環境下，經塗覆以薄層的滑動接觸構件
本發明有關於在潤滑環境下之摩擦學技術領域。
更特別的，本發明係關於用於降低磨損及減少切線力(tangential force)傳動之塗料及表面處理。
已有許多技術解決之道業經提出用於改良機械構件之摩擦性能。習知的表面硬化(case－hardening)處理基本上係有別於藉由多種方法諸如PVD(物理氣相沉積，Pbysical Vapour Deposition)或PACVD(電漿增進物理氣相沉積，Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition)所得薄硬層沈積物。
在薄硬層沉積物中，可提及如：過渡金屬氮化物(TiN、CrN、TiAIN、等)沉積物、非晶態碳(DLC)塗料，等。為技術和機械的理由，顯然此等表面塗料沉積物通常不超過5微米。高於此厚度時，可能發生該層之脆化及薄片化(flaking)之風險。又，獲得薄層於時間方面的優良黏著力及強度亦為十分重要者。如此，熟諳此技藝者主張具有約0.04微米之粗糙度(Ra)的非常輕微地不規則的表面紋理(texture)。
因此，由先前技藝可知，唯有利用具有輕微粗糙度的表面方能確保表面處理和真空沉積物之摩擦性能。
例如，可提及如專利US 6 886 521之教示，其將表面粗糙度參數(Rz)之最大值設定為DLC沉積物的硬度及其 厚度之函數。熟諳此技藝者通常主張最低可能之粗糙度，其為例如Ra≦0.04微米。
如此，由先前技藝之分析可知，高表面粗糙度係不適於用來接受硬沉積物，因為此會產生表面不規則性，導致局部超壓而易於引起過度的塑性變形，不利於塗層之機械強度。而且，在潤滑環境下，當粗糙度之幅度太高時，油膜會局部破損及處於相對動作的表面不再完善地隔開，由是造成摩擦係數的增加及該表面的過早磨損。
摩擦學領域中之科學文章亦討論粗糙度對潤滑之影響。可提及例如：“Occurrence of microelastohydrodynamic lubrication in simple sliding motion with transverse roughness”－J.Wang,M.Kaneta,F.Guo,P.Yang－Journal of Engineering Tribology－Vol.220 No.J13(May 2006)pp.273－285。
從此等文章顯然可知表面粗糙度之幅度係必須考慮者，其結論為必須尋求最低可能的粗糙度以減少摩擦係數。
另值得注意者，從科學文章：“Influence of harmonic surface roughness on the fatigue life of elastohydrodynamic lubricated contact”－A.D.Chapkov,F.Colin,A.A.Lubrecht－Journal of Engineering Tribology－Vol.220 No.J13 (May 2006)pp.287－294”可知，經處理成正弦波輪廓的粗糙表面接觸之數值分析，揭露出與接觸表面的不規則性相關之超壓效應，且指明此等超壓可能藉由增加輪廓週期予以限制。然而，此在高波長輪廓上的接觸壓力之減低，係由基 材的彈性變形予以解釋。至於藉由PVD或PACVD方法所得硬沉積物的情況中，此等沉積物，由於彼等的高彈性模數及彼等之高硬度，不能容忍基材之變形，使得彼等受到快速損壞。
因此，由先前技藝可清楚得知，在摩擦學領域中，薄層沉積物，例如在非晶態碳的情況中，必須在具有不超過幾個百分之一微米且通常小於0.04微米的粗糙度(Ra)之非常高平整程度的表面上進行。
相對於熟諳此技藝者之常識而言十分令人驚訝且意外者，顯示當構件在潤滑環境下工作時，具有足夠高的週期之某種粗糙度的表面紋理可達到藉由PVD或PACVD法而獲得薄沉積物。
因此，根據本發明之一基本特點，係獲致將薄層沉積在具有其參數及平均週期經決定以供改良摩擦性能的粗糙度輪廓之表面上。此等特別的粗糙度輪廓係藉由篩選適當的機削參數(車削、輾軋、拉刀(broach)之轉速、工具饋進、等)而得。
更特別的，根據本發明之一基本特點，如法國標準ISO 4288所定義在以微米計的輪廓平均週期(PSM )之平方與以微米計的粗糙度輪廓(Pa)之間的比例A，係等於或大於5×105 微米，即：
由於參數(PSM )的分佈廣泛，此式係應用於得自摩擦區及平行於滑動方向之8個測量值所計算出的平均參數。
摩擦學檢驗亦顯示(A)高於106 微米且甚至更佳者(A)高於107 微米之顯著結果。
因此，僅藉由利用波紋週期，其得以容忍嚴重地降質的表面紋理，係通常所無法容忍的輪廓高度。
應用前述式子顯示，對於具有0.4微米的粗糙度(Pa)之輪廓，當此輪廓之平均週期(PSM )高於450微米時乃獲致良好的結果。當此輪廓之平均週期(PSM )高於2毫米時，甚至獲致更好的結果。
由於本發明之基本特點所顯示者，乃相反於先前技藝之教示，在需要得到具有高平整程度的表面紋理情況下，可以用最小的成本得到具有同等或甚至更優越摩擦性能之構件。
如此，假設為經濟或技術的理由，不能藉由研光(lapping)、研磨(grinding)或其他方法獲得卓越的表面紋理，則根據本發明，將表面概要地粗糙化，以限制形狀邊緣及粗糙度尖峰之存在，同時僅保持與上游機削法相關的表面波度，則已足夠。甚至可將後者(旋轉速度、工具餽進、等)最佳化，以使上面所定義的參數(A)為最大化。此等波度係用於得到潤滑可接受的正弦輪廓，其經證實有利於降低組裝線市場應用之生產成本。
在此亦指出，有許多的方法都可用來獲得在粗糙度特性上之高週期，且彼等通常都可使用常見機削方法：車削、輾軋、等，很容易地進行。
至此可參照下表，其顯示出根據本發明的多種處理實施例。構件或樣品係由不同的機削方法所得之扁平檢驗樣本，以觀察在潤滑環境下檢驗之期間，表面製備及摩擦係數之影響。該等表面係由PACVD法塗以DLC沉積物。該等樣品係在潤滑環境下於經加熱至100℃的5W30油浴中，相對於未處理的100C6鋼環以固定的速度轉動而檢驗。在檢驗中測量面向樣品的環之摩擦係數。製備四份樣品(A)、(B)、(C)、(D)以比較彼等之摩擦係數。
此等結果顯示上述所定義的比例A對摩擦係數的影響大於粗糙度參數(Ra)及(Rz)。經觀察，例如，樣品(A)，儘管具有非常低的粗糙度，但不合於本發明領域中且在本表中具有最高的摩擦係數。相反的，樣品(C)，雖然具有比樣品(A)遠較為高的(Ra)，但卻具有一非常高的比例A 及顯示輕微的摩擦行為。
本案說明書清楚地顯示本發明的優點。
本發明在汽車領域中具有良好的應用價值，特別是在引擎的摩擦構件方面。

Claims (6)

  1. 一種滑動接觸構件，其於潤滑環境下，經塗覆以薄層，例如非晶態碳(DLC)，且具有摩擦功能，其特徵在於該薄層係沉積在具有其參數及平均週期經決定以供改良摩擦性能的粗糙度輪廓之表面上，使得如法國標準ISO 4288所定義在以微米計的該輪廓的平均週期(PSM )之平方與以微米計的該粗糙度輪廓(Pa)之間的比例A，係等於或大於5×105 微米，即：
  2. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之構件，其中該比例A係高於106 微米。
  3. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之構件，其中該比例A係高於107 微米。
  4. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之構件，其中，對於其粗糙度Pa係約0.4微米的輪廓者，該輪廓之平均週期PSM 係高於450微米。
  5. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之構件，其中，對於其粗糙度Pa係約0.4微米的輪廓者，該輪廓之平均週期PSM 係高於2毫米。
  6. 一種申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項之構件的用途，其係用於汽車領域，特別是引擎的組成構件者。
TW096139034A 2006-10-20 2007-10-18 於潤滑環境下，經塗覆以薄層的滑動接觸構件 TWI428467B (zh)

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FR0654415A FR2907470B1 (fr) 2006-10-20 2006-10-20 Piece en contact glissant, en regime lubrifie, revetue d'une couche mince.

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US20100095923A1 (en) 2010-04-22
CA2665685C (fr) 2014-02-04
BRPI0719867B1 (pt) 2018-06-19
EP2089560A2 (fr) 2009-08-19
FR2907470B1 (fr) 2009-04-17
US8722197B2 (en) 2014-05-13
TW200835807A (en) 2008-09-01
KR101441708B1 (ko) 2014-09-17
RU2440441C2 (ru) 2012-01-20
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SI2089560T1 (sl) 2011-07-29
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