TWI425271B - 減少光電透鏡功率消耗之方法 - Google Patents
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- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
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Description
此發明係關於具有減少之功率消耗之光電透鏡。
光電器件已開發用於許多應用中,包含眼鏡透鏡、光學系統、液晶顯示器以及其他器件。驅動該器件所需之功率需盡可能的低,以允許再充電前較長的器件壽命以及允許使用較小的電源,以及其他優點。
提供一種具有減少之功率消耗之一光電器件。更明確言之,提供一光電器件,其包含:一液晶層,其位於一對相對的透明基板之間;一圖案化電極組,其定位於該液晶層與第一透明基板之內表面之間;一導電層,其位於該液晶層與第二透明基板之內表面之間;以及施加構件,其用於將電壓施加至該圖案化電極組與該導電層,其中施加於該導電層之電壓係低於臨界電壓(高於RMS(均方根)電壓差時,該液晶層之光學傳輸改變)。在一特定具體實施例中,施加於該圖案化電極組之電壓與施加於該導電層之電壓之間的電壓差係充分的,以提供液晶中光學傳輸改變之所需量。
如此項技術中已知,實質上均勻排列之液晶具有一錨定能(anchoring energy)之表面以及有效的彈性常數,其導致在低於一臨界位準(VTh
)之RMS電壓時無導向器再定向發生。若施加於橫跨液晶之RMS電壓係高於VTh
,則該導向器再定向並改變光學傳輸直至達到飽和。在先前設計中,為了再定向液晶,使用導電層作為一接地施加一電壓橫跨該液晶。此施加之電壓最少係該臨界電壓與用於再定向該導向器至所需程度之額外電壓量之總和。在此發明中,驅動該導電層(未圖案化電極)接近該臨界電壓。此允許該圖案化電極與先前設計相比在一較低電壓得以驅動。
在本發明之一範例中,該臨界電壓約係1.3 V RMS。在此情況下,將低於1.3 V RMS之一電壓施加至該導電層。施加於該圖案化電極之電壓係充分的,足以使得該液晶導向器再定向以提供所需之光學傳輸。此電壓係小於先前設計中之電壓。
本發明之器件可用於此項技術中已知之各種應用中,包括用於人或動物進行視力矯正之透鏡。如此項技術中已知,透鏡可併入眼鏡中。眼鏡可包含一個透鏡或多個透鏡。熟悉此項技術人士已知(無過度實驗),該等器件亦可用於顯示應用中。本發明之透鏡可與傳統透鏡與光學元件結合使用。
此發明器件與其他設計相比提供許多優點。先前工作指示驅動液晶之電子驅動器消耗大部分的電源來源之能量。使用此發明減少藉由驅動液晶之電子驅動器所消耗之功率。並透過使用此發明,可使用較低電壓電源。既然本文說明之該等器件可用為眼鏡之組件,其中該電源可係一電池,所以一較低之電壓電源將允許使用一較小的電池,並且功率消耗之減少將擴展電池充電之間的間隔時間。
以下說明提供構造本發明之光電透鏡之非限制性之詳細內容。此發明提供填滿液晶材料之光電透鏡,該液晶材料可在一電場中再排列。該等透鏡作用為繞射光學元件(DOE)。DOE係以下之結果,施加電壓橫跨一薄的液晶層,該液晶層藉由改變導向器方位場來加以回應並產生非均勻折射率圖案,然後導致橫跨單元之面之一非均勻相傳輸功能(PTF)。藉由驅動圖案化電極組與導電層來施加一精確控制的電壓差橫跨該單元,以達到用於產生所需DOE之PTF之精確控制。
本發明中使用之光電透鏡係使用一圖案化電極組來產生所需相延遲之分佈之一繞射透鏡,該相延遲之分佈允許該透鏡作用為一波帶片透鏡(zone-plate lens)。在此項技術中,繞射透鏡為眾人所知。繞射透鏡之功能係基於藉由菲涅耳波帶圖案(Fresnel zone pattern)之近場繞射。由結構出現之各點作為一球面波之一發射源。在一特定觀察點之光場係在整個結構上發射球面波之作用之一總和。來自不同點之該等球面波之相長干涉在該觀察點產生一高強度,對應於一高繞射效率。
在此技術中,液晶為眾人所知。所有技術中已知之關於液晶單元之單元組態及操作係以引用的方式在一定程度上併入本文,其與本文之揭示內容不矛盾。作為一範例,考量一電活性液晶單元(如圖1所示),其中液晶材料(20)係夾於兩個基板(100,10)之間,該等基板具有導電內表面(40、30)。該等基板可係可提供所需光學傳輸並可在本文說明之器件與方法中作用之任何材料,例如,此項技術中已知之石英、玻璃或塑膠。導電層30使用一圖案化電極組進行圖案化,以提供所需繞射圖案。該等圖案化電極包含一圓環陣列,其半徑係藉由所需焦距決定,如他處說明(參見,例如,引用於本文中之參考及美國申請案2004/0223113)。在此項技術中已知,該圖案化電極係藉由沉積於一基板上之一導電薄膜之微影蝕刻處理或其他技術加以製造。圖3說明一電極圖案之一範例之佈局。鄰近波帶藉由灰色與黑色加以區別。各環形電極係藉由添加具有通道(藉由點表示)之一電絕緣層可獨立編址。導電層40沒有加以圖案化。該導電材料較佳地為透明,例如氧化銦、氧化錫或氧化銦錫(ITO)。各導電層之厚度通常係在30 nm與200 nm之間。該層必須足夠厚以提供充分之導電,但不應過厚而使得整個透鏡結構過厚。該等基板使用間隔件(60)或此項技術中已知之其他構件來保持一所需距離。間隔件可係諸如Mylar、玻璃或石英等任何所需材料,或用於提供所需間隔之其他材料。為了獲得有效的繞射,該液晶層必須足夠厚以提供啟動延遲之一波長(d>λ/δn~2.5 μm,其中δn係液晶介質之雙折射),但較厚之液晶層有助於避免飽和現象。較厚單元之缺點包含長切換時間(變化為d2
)以及光電特徵定義之丟失。在特定具體實施例中,該等透明基板之間距為3與20微米之間,以及其中所有個別值及範圍。一目前較佳的間隔為5微米。該等基板之表面使用一對準層(50)進行塗布(例如聚乙烯醇(PVA)或耐綸6,6),並藉由摩擦加以處理以獲得一均衡導向器定位。較佳地係,一基板上之對準層與另一基板上之對準層反平行摩擦,如圖2中箭頭所示。在此項技術中已知,此允許液晶之適當排列。
使用此項技術中已知構件施加電壓至圖案化電極組及導電層。在先前透鏡組態中,一電壓施加至如圖2所示之基板之內導電表面。圖2中使用之符號係此項技術中之傳統符號。在先前透鏡組態中,一導電層作為一接地。在本發明之一具體實施例中,一驅動器電路係附於該導電層,而一分離的驅動器電路係附於圖案化電極組。在此項技術中已知,可在透鏡之邊緣使用細導線或導電排,或藉由透鏡下方之一組導電通道電接觸至電極。提供至導電層及圖案化電極組之電壓取決於使用之特定液晶、單元中液晶之厚度、所需光學傳輸以及此項技術中已知的其他因素。使用的實際電壓可藉由熟悉此項技術人士(無過度實驗)使用此項技術之知識以及本文之揭示內容加以決定。在此項技術中已知,可使用控制施加於電極之電壓之所有方面之各種方法,包含處理器、微處理器、積體電路以及電腦晶片。
既然電壓係非絕對物理量,其必須相對一參考(例如局部接地、電池電極或電源端子)加以指定。因此,改變液晶(LC)薄膜上之應力以及液晶薄膜中之壓受力之電壓實際上藉由薄膜之相對側上之電極處之電壓之間的電壓差加以決定。眾所周知,對於此等電壓差之較高頻率變化之RMS平均(表示為),LC薄膜回應較慢(在低頻率)。通常,為了控制此等薄膜,將一電極保持於固定電壓V2
=Vref
(例如處於局部接地)。在此情況下,調變電壓Vrms
藉由另一電極上之電壓V1
之性能完全決定:
若電壓相對於Vref
加以表達。但是,當V2
未保持於Vref
時,則僅可表達為
在此情況下,電極驅動電壓之同步可導致Vrms
之值發生於範圍中
附圖4中顯示一重要範例,使用反相方波驅動器從兩個較低電壓驅動器提供一較大之調變Vrms
。顯然地,V2
可保持恆定為具有振幅Vsw2
之一方波,並且V1
可應用為相對V2
具有180度異相之一方波,該V2
可變化為振幅Vsw1
以獲得所需之控制電壓。對於此情況,如圖4中所示,Vrms
=Vrms1
+Vrms2
=Vsw1
+Vsw2
。
所以,如本文所提及,若Vrms2
=Vsw2
設定為相近但低於LC薄膜之臨界電壓,則可使用較小的Vrms1
=Vsw1
值來控制一LC DOE。(一替換者可將係固定Vsw1
,並變化該等方波之間的相差來達到所需Vrms
位於以下範圍內Vsw1
+Vsw2 Vrms |Vsw1
-Vsw2
|。)
方波之使用係說明性,但僅係一單一範例。可透過具有其他驅動波形(例如正弦波、不完全方波以及此項技術中已知之其他方法)之振幅及相位之控制來達到Vrms
之類似控制。
本文中使用之"層"無須一完全均勻之薄膜。只要該層執行如本文說明之其所希望之目的,可存在某些不均勻厚度、裂縫或其他缺陷。本文使用之一"圖案化電極組"意味配置於一基板上一圖案中之一或多個導電材料區域,以及於該基板上與該等導電材料區域配置於一互補圖案中之一或多個絕緣材料區域。
本發明中使用之液晶包含以下此等液晶,其形成擁有一長範圍之定向次序(可使用一電場加以控制)之向列相、近晶相或膽甾相。較佳地係,該等液晶具有一較寬之向列溫度範圍、較容易之可對準度、較低之臨界電壓、較大之光電回應以及較快之切換速度,以及證實之穩定性與可靠的商業可用性。在一較佳具體實施例中,使用E7(由Merck出售之氰基聯苯與氰基聯三苯之一向列液晶混合物)。本發明中可使用之其他向列液晶之範例係:戊基-氰基-聯苯(5CB),(正辛氧基)-4-氰基聯苯(80CB)。可用於本發明之液晶之其他範例係n=3、4、5、6、7、8、9之化合物4-氰基-4-正烷基聯苯,4-正戊氧基-聯苯,4-氰基-4"-正烷基-對-聯三苯以及諸如由BDH(British Drug House)-Merck製造之E36、E46以及ZLI系列之商業混合物。
本發明亦可使用電活性聚合物。電活性聚合物包含任何透明光學聚合物材料,例如由美國物理所(Woodburry,紐約,1996)J.E.Mark編寫的"Physical Properties of Polymers Handbook"中所揭示之此等材料,其包含在一施子與一受子組(稱為一發色團)之間具有非對稱極化共軛p電子之分子(例如,由Ch.Bosshard等人編寫的"Organic Nonlinear Optical Materials"(Gordon and Breach Publishers,阿姆斯特丹,1995)中所揭示之內容。)。聚合物之範例係如下所示:聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚乙烯咔唑、聚醯亞胺(polyimide)、聚矽烷。發色團之範例係:對硝基苯胺(PNA)、分散紅1(DR1)、3-甲基-4-甲氧基-4'-硝基二苯乙烯、二乙基胺基硝基二苯乙烯(DANS)、二乙基-硫-巴比香酸。電活性聚合物可藉由以下方法產生:a)遵循一客/主方法,b)將發色團共價併入至聚合物中(吊鏈與主鏈),及/或c)藉由諸如此項技術中已知的交聯等晶格硬化方法。
本發明亦可使用聚合物液晶(PLC)。聚合物液晶有時亦稱為液晶聚合物、低分子質量液晶、自增強聚合物、原位複合材料及/或分子複合材料。PLC係共聚物,其同時包含相對剛性及撓性序列,例如由W.Brostow編寫並由A.A.Collyer校訂之"Liquid Crystalline Poly mers:From Structures to Applications"(Elsevier,New-York-London,1992)中第一章中所揭示之內容。PLC之範例係:包含苯甲酸4-氰基苯酯側基之聚甲基丙烯酸酯以及其他類似化合物。
本發明亦可使用聚合物分散液晶(PDLC)。PDLC由聚合物矩陣中之液晶微粒之分散而組成。此等材料可由以下數種方法獲得:(在此項技術中已知),(i)藉由向列曲線對準相位(NCAP)、藉由熱致相分離法(TIPS)、溶劑致相分離(SIPS)以及聚合致相分離(PIPS)。PDLC之範例係:液晶E7(BDH-Merck)與NOA65(Norland products,Inc.NJ)之混合物;E44(BDH-Merck)與聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)之混合物;E49(BDH-Merck)與PMMA之混合物;單體二季戊四醇羥基五丙烯酸酯(dipentaerythrol hydroxy penta acrylate)、液晶E7、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、N-苯基甘胺酸以及染料玫瑰紅(dye Rose Bengal)之混合物。
本發明亦可使用聚合物穩定液晶(PSLC)。PSLC係由一聚合物網路中之液晶所組成之材料,在該聚合物網路中,該聚合物組成按重量小於10%之液晶。光聚合性單體係與液晶及UV聚合引發劑混合在一起。當該液晶排列後,典型地藉由UV曝光來引發單體之聚合,並導致的聚合物產生一穩定該液晶之網路。相關PSLC之範例,參見,例如:C.M.Hudson等人發佈於資訊顯示學會雜誌之"聚合物穩定液晶中各向異性網路之光學研究",第5/3卷中第1至5頁(1997);G.P.Wiederrecht等人發佈於美國化學會誌之"聚合物穩定向列液晶中光致折射",120,3231-3236(1998)。
本發明亦可使用自組裝非線性超分子結構。自組裝非線性超分子結構包含電活性非對稱有機膜,其可使用以下方法加以製造:Langmuir-Blodgett薄膜、從水溶液交互聚合電解質沉積(聚陰離子/聚陽離子)、分子束外延方法、藉由共價偶合反應之時序綜合(例如:以有機三氯矽烷為主之自組裝多層沉積)。此等技術通常導致具有小於1 μm左右之一厚度之薄膜。
說明或例證的組件之每個器件或組合均可用於實施本發明,除非另有說明。諸如用於施加所使用電壓之驅動器、用於電壓之控制器之額外組件以及任何額外需要的光學組件已為熟悉此項技術人士已知,並在無過度實驗之情況下併入。化合物之特定名稱係範例性,熟悉此項技術人士可以不同的方式命名相同的化合物。
當本文說明一化合物而未指定該化合物之一特定異構體及鏡相異構體時,例如,在一分子式或一化學名稱中,該說明係意欲包含個別或任何組合中說明之該化合物之各異構體及鏡相異構體。熟悉此項技術人士應瞭解可在未採取過度實驗之本發明之實踐中使用除了此等特定範例外之方法、器件元件、原料以及製造方法。任何此類方法、器件元件、原料以及製造方法之所有技術中已知的功能等效物係欲意包含在此發明中。無論何時在說明書中提供一範圍(例如厚度範圍或電壓範圍),均希望揭示內容包含所有中間範圍及附屬範圍,與包含在給定範圍內的所有個別數值。
本文所用的"包含"係與"包括"、"含有"或"其特徵為"同義,並係包含性的或開放式的,而且不排除額外、未述的元件或方法步驟。本文所用的"由...組成"排除未在請求項元件中指定的任何元件、步驟或成分。本文所用的"本質上由...組成"並不排除本質上不影響請求項之基本及新穎特徵的材料或步驟。應瞭解術語"包含"在本文中之任何表述(尤其在一組合物之成分之描述中或一器件之元件之描述中)包含本質上包含以及包含所敍述成分或元件之此等組合物及方法。可在缺少未於本文中明確揭示之任一或任何元件、任一或任何限制的情況下適當地實施本文中說明性說明之本發明。
已使用的術語及表達係用作說明而非限制之術語,並且並非意欲使用此類術語及表達來排除所顯示並說明的特徵之任何等效物或其部分,而應認識到可在所主張及說明之本發明之範疇內進行各種修改。因此,應瞭解,雖然已藉由較佳具體實施例及選擇性特徵明確地揭示本發明,但是熟習此項技術人士可採取本文中揭示的概念之修改及變更,並將此類修改及變更視為在本發明之範疇內。
通常,本文使用之術語及短語具有其技術認可意義,其可藉由參考標準文本、期刊參考文獻以及熟悉此項技術人士之已知背景進得以查詢。提供特定定義以闡明其在本發明之背景中之特定用途。該說明書中提到的所有專利及公告案均指示本發明所適合之熟習此項技術人士之技術位準。
熟悉此項技術人士應容易瞭解,本發明係較好地調適成用以實現目的並獲得所提及之以及其中所固有之目標及優點。代表目前較佳具體實施例之本文說明之該等器件及方法以及附屬方法係範例性,而並非意欲限制本發明之範疇。熟悉此項技術人士可進行其中之變化及其他用途,該等變化及用途包含於藉由申請專利範圍之範疇所定義之本發明之精神內。
因此,本文引用之所有參考係以引用的方式在一定程度上併入本文中,其與此說明書之揭示不矛盾。本文提供之某些參考係以引用的方式併入本文中,以提供關於額外的器件組件、額外的液晶單元組態、額外的圖案化電極之圖案、額外的分析方法以及額外的本發明之使用之相關細節。
雖然本文說明包含許多具體性,此等具體性不應解釋為限制本發明之範疇,而僅提供某些本發明之目前較佳具體實施例之範例。本發明係不限於用於眼鏡。而是,熟悉此項技術人士知道,本發明可用於諸如電信、光學切換器以及醫療器件等其他領域。熟悉此項技術人士亦知,在所需波長提供所需相傳輸功能之任何液晶或液晶之混合物可用於本發明。決定合適的電壓並將該合適的電壓施加至液晶材料來產生一所需相傳輸功能同樣在此項技術中已知。
10...基板
20...液晶材料
30...導電層/導電內表面
40...導電層/導電內表面
50...對準層
60...間隔件
100...基板
圖1顯示一液晶單元之說明。
圖2顯示施加電壓橫跨一液晶單元之一先前設計。
圖3顯示一圖案化電極組之一範例。
圖4顯示反相方波驅動器之使用。
(無元件符號說明)
Claims (13)
- 一種光電器件,其包含:一圖案化電極層及一非圖案化電極層;一液晶層,其位於該等電極層之間;以及施加構件,其用於將電壓同時施加至該等電極層,其中施加於每一電極層之電壓係異相於施加於其他電極層之電壓,俾使施加於該等電極層之該等電壓建設性地干涉,致使跨過該液晶層之總電壓係大於或等於改變該液晶層之光學傳輸所需之電壓,其中施加於每一電極層之該電壓的均方根係低於改變該液晶層之光學傳輸所需之電壓的均方根,且其中同時施加至該等電極層之電壓建設性地干涉,俾使該總電壓的均方根係大於或等於改變該液晶層之光學傳輸所需之電壓的均方根。
- 如請求項1之器件,其中施加於每一電極層之該電壓係180度異相。
- 如請求項1之器件,其中施加於每一電極層之該電壓係正方波。
- 如請求項1之器件,其中施加於每一電極層之該電壓係正弦波。
- 如請求項1之器件,其中該等電極層係氧化銦錫。
- 如請求項1之器件,其進一步包含位於該等電極層之一朝向外的表面上的多數個透明基板。
- 如請求項6之器件,其中該等透明基板係玻璃。
- 如請求項6之器件,其中該等透明基板係塑膠。
- 如請求項6之器件,其中該等透明基板分開約3微米與約20微米之間。
- 如請求項6之器件,其中該等透明基板分開約3微米與約8微米之間。
- 如請求項1之器件,其進一步包含位於該液晶層周圍之一對準層。
- 如請求項11之器件,其中該對準層係聚乙烯醇。
- 如請求項11之器件,其中該對準層係耐綸6,6。
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- 2007-06-11 KR KR1020097000447A patent/KR101313007B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
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HK1137069A1 (en) | 2010-07-16 |
WO2007146853A2 (en) | 2007-12-21 |
JP5415585B2 (ja) | 2014-02-12 |
US20070290972A1 (en) | 2007-12-20 |
CA2655293C (en) | 2016-02-09 |
CA2655293A1 (en) | 2007-12-21 |
EP2030101A4 (en) | 2009-12-02 |
JP2012237999A (ja) | 2012-12-06 |
KR20090012368A (ko) | 2009-02-03 |
AU2007257765A1 (en) | 2007-12-21 |
TW200815823A (en) | 2008-04-01 |
BRPI0713005A2 (pt) | 2012-04-17 |
AU2007257765B2 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
WO2007146853A3 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
CN101501616A (zh) | 2009-08-05 |
KR101313007B1 (ko) | 2013-10-01 |
EP2030101A2 (en) | 2009-03-04 |
AU2007257765C1 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
AR061344A1 (es) | 2008-08-20 |
JP2009540392A (ja) | 2009-11-19 |
US7755583B2 (en) | 2010-07-13 |
CN101501616B (zh) | 2012-02-22 |
MX2008015907A (es) | 2009-01-14 |
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