TWI410448B - 聚酯膜 - Google Patents
聚酯膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI410448B TWI410448B TW96106264A TW96106264A TWI410448B TW I410448 B TWI410448 B TW I410448B TW 96106264 A TW96106264 A TW 96106264A TW 96106264 A TW96106264 A TW 96106264A TW I410448 B TWI410448 B TW I410448B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- film
- copolyester
- heat sealable
- dicarboxylic acid
- acid
- Prior art date
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
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Description
本發明係關於一種適用作容器(尤其現成可加熱膳食之容器)之包裝的多層聚合膜。詳言之,本發明係關於一種可熱封一容器且可自該容器剝離之多層膜。
塑膠容器已日益用於包裝應用中,諸如食品包裝,且尤其用於包裝簡便食品,例如可於微波爐中或習知烘箱中或任一者中加熱的現成可加熱膳食。適用於微波爐或習知烘箱中之容器通常被稱作"可雙重加熱"。通常,該塑膠容器為APET/CPET盤(於結晶聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯層上具有非晶形聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯層之複合材料)。亦使用聚苯乙烯及聚丙烯容器。塑膠容器通常與一密封該容器之蓋聯合使用以防止在存儲期間包裝內含物洩漏及變乾。另外,該蓋不應黏住包裝內含物且應能夠耐受在烘箱中產生的熱。該等容器蓋通常包含多層膜(通常被稱作"加蓋膜"),其包含一可撓性聚合物基材(諸如雙軸取向聚酯膜)及一可熱封塗層。
使用加蓋膜製造密封容器包括在加蓋膜與容器之間形成一密封部分。此密封部分係藉由將蓋置於容器上且施加熱及壓力以軟化或熔融可密封塗層以使得其黏附於容器之表面且在蓋與容器之間形成一有效密封部分來形成。密封部分應足夠結實以防止內含物洩漏。膜蓋應可由消費者自容器剝離,且在該等情況下,密封部分應足夠結實以防止內含物洩漏,但不應過於結實以至於導致在打開容器時難以將蓋移除。詳言之,蓋在剝離期間不應撕裂,其會導致部分膜蓋落入容器之內含物中進而污染食品。在例如周圍溫度之低溫及例如在烘箱中將包裝食品內含物加熱之後之高溫下均可能需要結實之密封部分及易剝離性質(亦即清潔之剝離)。
另外,當將食物產品置於待密封之容器中時,來自該食物產品或其他污染物之固體或液體可能與待密封至加蓋膜上之容器之蓋的上表面接觸且殘留於其上。此會導致容器與蓋之間差的密封性質,及甚至不牢固的整體包裝。據稱,在此方面表現良好之膜(亦即儘管在蓋與容器之間存在污染物,但膜仍展示良好密封性質)顯示良好的"穿過污染之密封",此為該等可熱封加蓋膜之另一合意性質。在習知加蓋膜中,此問題通常藉由將熱密封層之厚度增大至(例如)約25 μm或大於25 μm來解決,但此在經濟上不利。
另一需要之密封性質為良好的"熱黏性"黏著特性。此性質大體上衡量當已受熱及軟化(或熔融)之可熱封膜與待密封之表面接觸時熱密封黏結形成的速度。因此,熱黏性黏著力大體上對應於熱黏結密封強度之性質,而其中熱黏性黏著力係在熱密封黏結啟始後之極小時間間隔(通常0.1秒)後量測。一旦熱密封黏結完全形成且通常在熱密封黏結已冷卻至周圍溫度後,即量測熱密封黏結強度,且其可被稱作"冷熱密封黏結強度"。對於快速、有效及可靠的包裝而言,良好熱黏性黏著為重要的。另外,在待包裝之食品體積足夠大以至於突出容器之蓋上方的情形下,需要形成迅速熱密封黏結。通常,熱黏性黏著力與冷熱密封黏結強度大致成比例,但當需要使熱黏性黏著力最大時,若熱黏性黏著力過高,則冷熱密封黏結強度會過強以至於不能輕易且清潔地剝離。一般而言,熱黏性黏著力隨著可熱封聚合物之分子量的增大而增大。即使在不同溫度及黏度下,許多熱塑性聚合物亦顯示一定程度之熱黏性黏著力。
在許多先前技術加蓋膜中,可熱封層係使用有機溶劑或水性分散液或溶液塗覆於基材上。使用有機溶劑通常為不利的,因為其可為有害的,使用危險,或有毒且對環境有害。另外,以此方式製造的膜通常含有殘餘量之溶劑,且因此可能不適用於其中其與食物產品相接觸的應用中。有機溶劑之使用通常包括一"離線"塗佈步驟,亦即在製造基材期間使用之任何拉伸及隨後熱定型操作之後,因為該等溶劑可能造成在膜製造期間使用之正常捲繞操作期間膜黏住或阻滯。諸如在WO-A-96/19333之方法中,使用水性分散液或溶液以避免使用大量有機溶劑;容許使用更有效的"在線"塗佈方法,亦即其中將塗層在膜基材經拉伸之前或在介於雙軸拉伸過程之拉伸步驟之間塗覆;但限於可溶於水中或可充分分散於水中之塗佈組合物。一在線方法避免使用在離線塗佈方法(尤其離線溶劑塗佈方法)中遭遇之進一步加熱或乾燥步驟。該等方法可使膜變脆且損害拉伸性質。一般而言,在線塗佈之膜因此具有優良機械性質。
可熱封膜亦由其他在線塗佈技術來製造。例如,GB-2024715揭示在縱向拉伸操作與橫向拉伸操作之間使用擠壓-塗佈技術將聚烯烴材料塗覆於聚烯烴基材上("內拉"塗佈)。將聚烯烴在線內拉擠壓塗佈於聚酯基材上以製造可熱封膜之方法揭示於GB-1077813中。US-4333968揭示一種內拉擠壓塗佈乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)共聚物於聚丙烯基材上以提供可熱封可剝離膜之方法。
本發明之一目的在於解決前述問題之一或多者且提供一種用於現成可加熱膳食之改良且更經濟之包裝構件。本發明之另一目的在於提供一種適用作用於現成可加熱膳食之包裝構件之可熱封且可剝離膜。
根據本發明,提供一種可熱封、可剝離、共擠之複合聚合膜,其包含一聚合材料之基材層,在該基材層之一表面上具有一可熱封層,其中:(i)該可熱封層包含至少一種芳族二羧酸、至少一種脂族二羧酸及一或多種二醇之共聚酯;(ii)該可熱封層之厚度係在約0.3 μm至約3 μm之範圍內;且(iii)該可熱封層包含一或多種蠟。
根據本發明之另一態樣,提供一種製造可熱封、可剝離、複合聚合膜之方法,其包含共擠一聚合物基材及一可熱封層之步驟,其中:(i)該可熱封層包含至少一種芳族二羧酸、至少一種脂族二羧酸及一或多種二醇之共聚酯;(ii)該可熱封層之厚度係在約0.3 μm至約3 μm之範圍內,且(iii)該可熱封層包含一或多種蠟。
儘管熱密封層之厚度較低,但本發明之膜顯示驚人之高熱黏性黏著強度。令人驚訝地,適合熱黏性黏著強度可用低厚度之熱密封層達成。另外,當與其中類似可熱封聚合物係經由一溶劑塗佈途徑置於基材上之膜相比,令人驚訝地為在較低厚度之可熱封層處達成相應適合的熱密封黏結強度。
可調節膜之熱黏性黏著力以確保膜在於盤上用來填充及加蓋線時之良好效能。在填充線時展示良好熱黏性的膜具有如按照下文所述量測之至少3牛頓、較佳至少4牛頓、但較佳不大於約5牛頓、且較佳在約3牛頓至約5牛頓之範圍內之較佳熱黏性值。
本文描述之複合膜為可熱封、可剝離膜。如本文所使用,術語"可熱封可剝離膜"係指能夠在施加熱下與表面形成密封部分之膜,其中該密封部分為易破的,但無膜之破裂。本文描述之膜之可剝離特性使其區別於高密封強度或"可焊"膜。
當密封於典型APET/CPET盤之APET邊上時,根據本發明之複合膜通常顯示在約200 g/25 mm至約1400 g/25 mm之範圍內、較佳在約200 g/25 mm至約1000 g/25 mm之範圍內且更佳在約400 g/25 mm至約900 g/25 mm之範圍內的熱密封強度(在周圍溫度下)。膜自身之典型熱密封強度在約200 g/25 mm至約700 g/25 mm之範圍內,較佳在約400 g/25 mm至約600 g/25 mm之範圍內。
在機器尺寸及/或橫向尺寸中,如本文所述量測之膜之收縮較佳小於5%、更佳小於3%且最佳小於2%。熟習此項技術者熟知藉由改變膜製造之拉伸及熱定型步驟期間的製程參數來控制最終膜中收縮的方法。
複合膜的各別層在下文更詳細地描述。
基材層為自行支撐膜或薄片,其意謂能夠在不存在支撐基質之情況下獨立存在的膜或薄片。該基材層較佳包含成膜熱塑性聚合材料。該成膜聚合樹脂為基材之主要成份,且聚合樹脂構成基材總重量之至少50重量%、較佳至少65重量%、較佳至少80重量%、較佳至少90重量%且較佳至少95重量%。適合材料包括1-烯烴(諸如乙烯、丙烯及丁-1-烯)之均聚物或共聚物、聚醯胺、聚碳酸酯、聚酯(包括共聚酯)、PVC、PVA、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯酸酯、纖維素及耐綸(包括耐綸6及耐綸6,6)。聚酯材料且尤其合成線性聚酯為尤其較佳的。
適用於基材層之合成線性聚酯可藉由將一或多種二羧酸或其低碳烷基二酯(例如對苯二甲酸、間苯二甲酸、鄰苯二甲酸、2,5-萘二甲酸、2,6-萘二甲酸或2,7-萘二甲酸、丁二酸、癸二酸、己二酸、壬二酸、4,4'-二苯基二甲酸、六氫-對苯二甲酸或1,2-雙-對羧基苯氧基乙烷(視情況具有單羧酸,諸如特戊酸))與一或多種二醇、尤其脂族或環脂族二醇(例如乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇及1,4-環己烷二甲醇)縮合來獲得。芳族二羧酸為較佳的。脂族二醇為較佳的。在一較佳實施例中,基材層包含聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)或其中主要重複單元為對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯之共聚酯。
基材層可含有以該基材層計高達50重量%,且較佳至少10%、較佳至少25%、且更佳至少40重量%之量的再循環材料。如此項技術中所熟知,"再循環材料"意謂由本發明之複合膜組成的廢料,且該等廢料可來自邊緣修整(通常在膜製造期間由拉幅機固持之膜的邊緣部分),來自在膜沿其縱向尺寸撕開後的過量膜剩餘物,來自起動膜(亦即在製造操作開始時製造的膜)或來自由於其他原因而不合格的膜。令人驚訝地,再循環材料可以該等高比例用於基材層中,其限制條件為其含有來自可熱封層之蠟而在膜製造過程中不造成問題。
基材可包含一或多種上述成膜材料之不連續共擠層。各別層之聚合材料可為相同或不同的。舉例而言,基材可包含一個、兩個、三個、四個或五個或更多個層,且典型多層結構可為AB、ABA、ABC、ABAB、ABABA或ABCBA型。基材較佳包含一層。
可熱封層能夠與容器之表面形成熱密封黏結。可熱封層主要包含共聚酯材料且其軟化至足夠程度以使其黏度變得足夠低以容許將其充分濕潤以黏附於黏結之表面上。熱密封黏結係藉由加熱以軟化可熱封層之共聚酯材料,且施加壓力,而不熔融膜中其他層來實現。因此,可熱封層之共聚酯應在一定溫度下開始軟化,以使得熱密封黏結可在小於基材之聚合材料之熔融溫度的溫度下形成。在一實施例中,可熱封層之共聚酯應在一定溫度下開始軟化,以使得熱密封黏結可在比基材之聚合物材料之熔融溫度低介於約5℃與50℃之間、較佳介於約5℃與30℃之間且較佳至少約10℃的溫度下形成。
可熱封層包含衍生自至少一種(且較佳僅一種)芳族二羧酸及至少一種(且較佳僅一種)脂族二羧酸(或其低碳烷基(亦即至多14個碳原子)二酯)與一或多種二醇的共聚酯樹脂。共聚酯之形成係在通常高達275℃之溫度下藉由縮合或酯交換以已知方式來便利地實現。共聚酯樹脂為可熱封層之主要組份,且共聚酯構成可熱封層之總重量的至少50重量%、較佳至少65重量%、較佳至少80重量%、較佳至少90重量%且較佳至少95重量%。
較佳芳族二羧酸包括對苯二甲酸、間苯二甲酸、鄰苯二甲酸及2,5-萘二甲酸、2,6-萘二甲酸或2,7-萘二甲酸,且芳族二羧酸較佳為對苯二甲酸。
較佳脂族二羧酸為通式Cn
H2n
(COOH)2
的飽和脂族二羧酸,其中n為2至8,諸如丁二酸、癸二酸、己二酸、壬二酸、辛二酸或庚二酸,較佳為癸二酸、己二酸及壬二酸,且更佳為壬二酸。
較佳二醇為脂族或環脂族二醇,較佳為脂族二醇,且更佳為烷二醇。因此,適合二醇包括:脂族二醇,諸如乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇、新戊二醇及1,6-己二醇;及環脂族二醇,諸如1,4-環己烷二甲醇及1,4-環己二醇。乙二醇或1,4-丁二醇為較佳的。
以共聚酯之二羧酸組份計,共聚酯中存在之芳族二羧酸之濃度較佳不大於約90莫耳%、較佳不大於約80莫耳%,且較佳在45莫耳%至80莫耳%之範圍內、更佳在50莫耳%至70莫耳%之範圍內,且尤其在55莫耳%至65莫耳%之範圍內。以共聚酯之二羧酸組份計,共聚酯中存在之脂族二羧酸之濃度較佳為至少約10莫耳%、較佳為至少約20莫耳%,且較佳在20莫耳%至55莫耳%之範圍內、更佳在30莫耳%至50莫耳%之範圍內,且尤其在35莫耳%至45莫耳%之範圍內。該等共聚酯之尤其較佳實例為(i)壬二酸及對苯二甲酸與脂族二醇、較佳乙二醇之共聚酯;(ii)己二酸及對苯二甲酸與脂族二醇、較佳乙二醇之共聚酯;及(iii)癸二酸及對苯二甲酸與脂族二醇、較佳丁二醇之共聚酯。較佳聚合物包括:癸二酸/對苯二甲酸/丁二醇之共聚酯(較佳具有以45-55/55-45/100、更佳50/50/100之相對莫耳比率的組份),其具有-40℃之玻璃轉移溫度(Tg
)及117℃之熔點(Tm
);及壬二酸/對苯二甲酸/乙二醇之共聚酯(較佳具有以40-50/60-50/100、更佳45/55/100之相對莫耳比率的組份),其具有-15℃之Tg
及150℃之Tm
。
可熱封層之共聚酯之Tg
較佳不大於約20℃、較佳不大於約10℃、較佳不大於約0℃,且較佳不大於約-10℃。在一實施例中,可熱封層之共聚酯之熔點Tm
較佳不大於約160℃、較佳不大於約150℃,且更佳不大於約140℃。
可熱封層包含一或多種蠟,且通常包含僅一種類型之蠟。蠟可為天然或合成蠟,且較佳具有至少50℃之熔點。天然蠟較佳為植物蠟(諸如巴西棕櫚蠟)或礦物蠟(諸如褐煤蠟及地蠟(ozocerite))。亦可使用石蠟(包含直鏈烴之高精煉低分子量蠟)。合成蠟之實例包括Fischser-Tropsch蠟(由煤氣化來製造,且具有在約300 g/mol至約1400 g/mol之範圍內之分子量)及氧化及未氧化(較佳氧化)低分子量聚乙烯蠟(具有在約500 g/mol至約3000 g/mol之範圍內之分子量)以及相應聚丙烯蠟。然而,較佳類型之蠟為醯胺蠟。醯胺蠟通常不可與可熱封層之基質共聚酯混合。醯胺蠟可為第一醯胺、第二醯胺、第三醯胺或雙(脂肪)醯胺,諸如油酸醯胺及芥酸醯胺。不同類型之實例包括:第一脂肪醯胺,諸如芥酸醯胺、蘿酸醯胺、油酸醯胺或硬脂醯胺;第二脂肪醯胺,諸如硬脂醯基芥酸醯胺、芥子醯基芥酸醯胺、油醯基棕櫚醯胺、硬脂醯基硬脂醯胺或芥子醯基硬脂醯胺;第三脂肪醯胺,諸如二甲基硬脂醯胺或二乙基硬脂醯胺;及N,N'-雙(脂肪)醯胺,諸如N,N'-伸乙基雙(硬脂醯胺)、N,N'-亞甲基雙(硬脂醯胺)、N,N'-伸丙基雙(硬脂醯胺)、N,N'-伸乙基雙(油酸醯胺)、N,N'-亞甲基雙(油酸醯胺)或N,N'-伸丙基雙(油酸醯胺)。蠟較佳係選自N,N'-雙(脂肪)醯胺,且更佳係選自N,N'-伸乙基雙(油酸醯胺)及N,N'-伸乙基雙(硬脂醯胺)。蠟有助於藉由共擠包含以上提及之可熱封層之複合膜之製造。
在一較佳實施例中,蠟係以佔可熱封層之總重量之約0.1重量%至約3重量%、較佳約0.5重量%至約3重量%、較佳不大於2重量%,且通常約1重量%至約2重量%的含量存在。
複合膜之厚度較佳為約5 μm至300 μm、更佳約5 μm至100 μm、較佳約5 μm至約50 μm、較佳約10 μm至30 μm,且通常約12 μm至約25 μm厚。基材層比可熱封層顯著更厚。可熱封層之厚度為約0.3 μm至約3 μm,較佳約0.4 μm至約2 μm,更佳約0.5 μm至約1.5 μm,更佳約0.5 μm至約1.0 μm,更佳約0.5 μm至約0.9 μm,且最佳約0.5 μm至約0.7 μm。具有低於約0.3 μm、且更通常低於約0.5 μm之厚度之可熱封層顯示不足之熱黏性及冷熱密封黏著強度。具有大於約3 μm、更通常大於約1.5 μm、且更通常大於約1 μm之厚度之可熱封層顯示過強且當膜自其所熱密封之容器剝離時造成膜撕裂之熱密封黏結強度。
複合薄片較佳具有在14 Kg/mm2
至26 Kg/mm2
之範圍內之極限拉伸強度(UTS)。
複合物之形成係藉由此項技術中熟知之習知擠壓技術且根據以下描述之程序來實現。概況而言,擠壓過程包含以下步驟:擠壓一或多層熔融聚合物,將擠出物淬火且使經淬火之擠出物在至少一個方向上取向。
膜可經單軸取向,但較佳經雙軸取向。取向可由關於製造取向膜之此項技術中已知之任何方法來實現,例如管式或平面膜方法。雙軸取向係藉由於膜平面中之兩個相互垂直方向上拉伸來實現以達成機械性質與物理性質之令人滿意的組合。在管式法中,同時雙軸取向可藉由擠壓一熱塑性管來實現,隨後將其淬火、再次加熱且隨後由內部氣體壓力膨脹以誘發橫向取向,且以會誘發縱向取向之速率抽取。
在較佳平面膜方法中,將成膜聚合物經由一槽膜擠出且迅速於一冷硬鑄造鼓上淬火以確保聚合物淬火至非晶形狀態。隨後藉由在高於基材聚酯之玻璃轉移溫度的溫度下於至少一個方向上拉伸經淬火之擠出物來實現取向。連續取向可藉由首先在一方向(通常縱向方向,亦即穿過膜拉伸機器之前進方向)上,且隨後在橫向方向上拉伸平面淬火之擠出物來實現。擠出物之前進拉伸係於一組旋轉輥上或介於兩對夾壓捲筒之間便利地實現,橫向拉伸則係於一拉幅機設備中實現。或者,可將鑄造膜於一雙軸拉幅機中同時在前進方向及橫向方向上拉伸。通常實現拉伸以使得在拉伸方向或每一拉伸方向上取向膜、尤其聚酯膜之尺寸為其原始尺寸之2倍至5倍、通常至少2.5倍、較佳不大於4.5倍、更佳不大於3.5倍。在機器方向上之拉伸係在比基材層之聚合材料之Tg更高的溫度下實現,通常在比基材層之聚合材料之Tg高小於30℃、較佳比Tg高小於20℃且更佳比Tg高小於15℃下實現。在橫向方向上之拉伸通常係在80℃至100℃之範圍內預加熱後在100℃至130℃之範圍內的溫度下實現,且在任何情況下均高於基材層之聚合材料之Tg,通常比基材層之聚合材料之Tg高小於80℃、較佳比Tg高小於60℃且更佳比Tg高小於50℃。不必要在機器方向及橫向方向上均等拉伸,儘管若需要平衡性質,則此為較佳的。
拉伸膜可(且較佳)藉由在誘發基材聚酯結晶之高於基材聚酯之玻璃轉移溫度但低於其熔融溫度的溫度下在尺寸限制下由熱定型來使尺寸穩定化。熱定型具有提供拉伸膜尺寸穩定性且將膜"鎖定"在其拉伸狀態之作用。膜在熱作用下之收縮行為取決於膜在其製造期間實現之任何拉伸操作後是否經熱定型以及熱定型之程度。一般而言,在熱定型操作期間已經受溫度T1
之膜,當在製造後隨後暴露於熱中時在低於溫度T1
下會顯示大體上無收縮。在其中膜收縮無關緊要之應用中,膜可在相對低之溫度下熱定型或根本不進行熱定型。另一方面,隨著膜熱定型之溫度升高,膜之抗撕裂性可改變。因此,實際熱定型溫度及時間應視膜之組成而改變,但不應選定以大體上降低膜之抗撕裂性質的熱定型溫度及時間。在該等限制內,約100℃至250℃、較佳約120℃至230℃之熱定型溫度通常為合意的。其中容許在熱定型步驟期間膜之給定尺寸鬆弛高達約5%且通常約2%-4%的尺寸鬆弛("前束(toe-in)")可用於調節膜的收縮。
包含一基材及一可熱封層之本發明之複合膜係藉由共擠來實現,藉由多孔模之獨立孔同時共擠各別成膜層且隨後混合仍熔融之層,或較佳藉由單通道共擠,其中各別聚合物之熔融流首先於一導向一模具歧管之通道內混合,且隨後在無互混之流線型流動之條件下自模具孔一起擠壓進而製造多層聚合膜來實現,該多層聚合膜可如上文所述經取向且熱定型。
該膜之一或多層可便利含有在製造聚合膜中慣常使用之添加劑之任一者。因此,適當時可併入諸如交聯劑、染料、顏料、孔化劑、潤滑劑、抗氧化劑、自由基捕獲劑、UV吸收劑、熱穩定劑、防黏劑、表面活性劑、滑動助劑、光學增亮劑、光澤強化劑、前降解劑、黏度改質劑及分散穩定劑之劑。詳言之,複合膜可包含微粒填料,該微粒填料可為(例如)微粒無機填料或不相容樹脂填料或兩種或兩種以上該等填料之混合物。此項技術中熟知該等填料。
微粒無機填料包括習知無機填料,且尤其金屬氧化物或非金屬氧化物,諸如氧化鋁、滑石、矽石(尤其沉澱矽石或矽藻土矽石及矽膠)及二氧化鈦、煅燒瓷土及鹼金屬鹽,諸如鈣及鋇之碳酸鹽及硫酸鹽。該等微粒無機填料可為有孔或無孔型。適合微粒無機填料可為均質的且大體上由單一填料材料或化合物組成,諸如單獨之二氧化鈦或硫酸鋇。或者,至少一部分填料可為異質的,主要填料材料係與額外改質組份相關。舉例而言,主要填料粒子可經表面改質劑(諸如顏料、皂、界面活性劑偶合劑或其他改質劑)處理以促進或改變填料與聚合物層相容之程度。較佳微粒無機填料包括二氧化鈦及矽石。無機填料應為細粉狀,且其體積分佈中值粒徑(對應於所有粒子體積之50%的相等球體直徑,於關於體積%對粒子直徑的累積分佈曲線上讀取-通常被稱作"D(v,0.5)"值)較佳在0.01 μm至10 μm、更佳0.01 μm至5 μm、更佳0.05 μm至1.5 μm,且尤其0.15 μm至1.2 μm之範圍內。較佳至少90體積%、更佳至少95體積%之無機填料粒子在體積分佈中值粒徑±0.8 μm、且尤其±0.5 μm之範圍內。填料粒子之粒度可由電子顯微鏡、庫爾特(coulter)計數器、沉降分析及靜態或動態光散射來量測。基於雷射光繞射的技術為較佳的。中值粒度可藉由繪製表示低於選定粒度之粒子體積百分比之累積分佈曲線且量測第50百分位數來確定。
在一較佳實施例中,可熱封層包含至少約0.5重量%,且不大於約5重量%(以層之總重量計)、較佳不大於約2重量%,且較佳不大於約1.5重量%之無機填料粒子。填料粒子係選自以上提及之填料粒子,且較佳係選自矽石及滑石,較佳為矽石。在此實施例中,膜之可捲繞性得以改良(亦即當膜捲繞成卷時不存在黏結或黏住),而無混濁度或其他光學性質的不可接受之降低。已驚人地發現以約0,5重量%至約5重量%之量添加的填料提供膜之可剝離性方面的優點,因為若超過本文所述之填料之上臨限值,則當膜自其所熱密封之容器剝離時其易於撕裂。雖然本發明者並非意欲受理論限制,但咸信填料粒子受到用作本發明中之可熱封層之共聚酯的極大限制,且該等填料粒子係充當撕裂引發點。咸信當膜經受剝離時,足夠高濃度之填料粒子造成聚合基質中的局部應力超過臨界程度且填料黏附於共聚酯上(而非分層),造成撕裂。
層之組合物之組份可以習知方式混合在一起。舉例而言,藉由與層聚合物自其衍生之單體反應物混合,或該等組份可藉由滾動或乾式摻合或藉由於一擠壓機中混料而與聚合物混合,接著冷卻且(通常)粉碎成顆粒或碎片。亦可使用母體混合技術。
在一實施例中,本發明之膜為光學透明的,其較佳具有根據標準ASTM D 1003量測之<10%、較佳<8%且尤其<6%之散射可見光%(混濁度)。
在另一實施例中,膜為不透明的且經高度填充的,其較佳顯示在0.1至2.0、更佳0.2至1.5、更佳0.25至1.25、更佳0.35至0.75且尤其0.45至0.65之範圍內的透射光學密度(TOD)(Sakura密度計;PDA 65型;透射模式)。藉由向聚合物摻合物中併入有效量之遮光劑可便利地使膜不透明。如上文所述,適合遮光劑包括不相容樹脂填料、微粒無機填料或兩種或兩種以上該等填料之混合物。給定層中存在之填料之量較佳在以層聚合物之重量計1%至30%、更佳3%至20%、尤其4%至15%,且尤其5%至10重量%的範圍內。不透明膜之表面較佳顯示在60至120、更佳80至110、尤其90至105,且尤其95至100單位之範圍內的如本文所述量測之白度指數。
與可熱封層接觸之基材的表面在本文中被稱作第一面。與可熱封層接觸之表面相對的基材之表面在本文中被稱作第二面。基材之第二面可於其上具有一或多個其他聚合層或塗層材料。第二面之任何塗佈較佳"在線"進行。本發明之複合膜意欲在可熱封層之暴露表面上在無任何額外層的情況下經製造、儲存、銷售及使用。
在一實施例中,第二面上之額外塗層可包含一"滑動塗層"以改良膜之處理及可捲繞性,尤其當膜基材為PET聚酯基材時。一適合滑動塗層可為(例如)諸如描述於EP-A-0408197中之視情況進一步包含交聯劑之丙烯酸及/或甲基丙烯酸聚合樹脂的不連續層,其中該文件之揭示內容係以引用的方式併入本文中。替代滑動塗層可包含矽酸鉀塗層,例如如美國專利第5925428號及第5882798號中所揭示,其之揭示內容係以引用的方式全部併入本文中。
在另一實施例中,基材之第二面於其上安置一可印刷或墨水接收層,及視情況一介於該基材與該可印刷或墨水接收層之間的底塗層(諸如EP-0680409、EP-0429179、EP-0408197、EP-0576179或WO-97/37849中揭示之底塗層,其中該等文件之揭示內容係以引用的方式併入本文中)以增大黏著力。適合可印刷或墨水接收層揭示於(例如)EP-0696516、US-5888635、US-5663030、EP-0289162、EP-0349141、EP-0111819及EP-0680409中,其之揭示內容係以引用的方式併入本文中。如EP-A-0408197中所揭示,一較佳墨水接收層包含丙烯酸及/或甲基丙烯酸聚合樹脂。一較佳接收層聚合物包含丙烯酸烷酯單體單元及甲基丙烯酸烷酯單體單元,較佳丙烯酸乙酯及甲基丙烯酸烷酯(較佳甲基丙烯酸甲酯)。在一較佳實施例中,丙烯酸烷酯單體單元係以約30莫耳%至約65莫耳%之比例存在,且甲基丙烯酸烷酯單體單元係以約20莫耳%至約60莫耳%之比例存在。在一尤其較佳實施例中,聚合物包含約35莫耳%至60莫耳%之丙烯酸乙酯、約30莫耳%至55莫耳%之甲基丙烯酸甲酯及約2莫耳%至20莫耳%之甲基丙烯醯胺。該等聚合物較佳係以水性分散液或者以於有機溶劑中之溶液形式塗覆於基材上。可將聚合物組合物塗覆於已取向之膜基材上。然而,塗覆較佳係在拉伸操作之前或期間實現。若基材係雙軸取向的,則墨水接收層較佳在雙軸拉伸操作之兩個階段(縱向及橫向)之間塗覆。
在一實施例中,如本文所定義,複合膜由一基材及一可熱封層組成,亦即膜中不存在其他層。在另一實施例中,複合膜由一基材、一可熱封層、及在該基材之第二表面上之一可印刷或墨水接收層、及視情況一介於該基材與該可印刷或墨水接收層之間的促進黏著底塗層。
本發明之複合膜尤其意欲連同一容器或收容器(receptacle)用於食物產品,尤其可於烘箱(尤其微波爐)中加熱之現成簡便食品。然而,本發明亦適用於意欲於任何其他類型之烘箱(諸如習知對流烘箱、直接輻射烘箱及強制熱風烘箱)中加熱之現成膳食。
容器可為(例如)熱成形盤、熱成形碗或吹塑瓶。容器可由諸如聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯之聚酯或聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯形成,或可經PVDC塗佈,或可為玻璃的。本發明尤其適於與APET/CPET容器、尤其適於包裝食品或飲料之熱成形盤一起使用。其他適合類型之容器包括金屬化盤及由PET塗佈紙箱板或紙板形成的盤。由金屬化(尤其急驟金屬化)PET紙箱板形成的盤具有特殊效用。舉例而言,盤可由已經金屬化至在約0.01至4.0之範圍內的光學密度且經層壓為紙箱板的PET製造。在一實施例中,盤為由諸如GB-A-2280342、EP-A-0563442或GB-A-2250408中揭示之彼等材料之材料製造的晶座盤,或為根據該等文件之揭示內容製造的晶座盤,其中該等文件之揭示內容係以引用的方式併入本文中。
根據本發明之另一態樣,提供本文描述之複合膜作為加蓋膜或在製造加蓋膜中的用途,該加蓋膜適於熱封於一含有食物產品、尤其現成可加熱膳食的收容器上。
本發明進一步提供一種密封容器,其包含一含有食物產品、尤其可加熱膳食之收容器,及一由如本文所定義之複合膜形成的蓋。該密封容器係由熟習此項技術者熟知的技術來製造。一旦待包裝之食品得以引入收容器中,即使用溫度及/或壓力使用習知技術及設備附著可熱封膜蓋。
本發明進一步提供一種包裝食物產品,尤其可加熱膳食,其中該包裝包含如本文所定義之膜。
以下測試方法可用於測定聚合膜之某些性質:(i)廣角混濁度係根據ASTM D 1003-61使用一Hazegard System XL-211來量測。
(ii)白度指數係基於ASTM D313中描述之原理使用一Colorgard System 2000,45型(由Pacific Scientific製造)來量測。
(iii)熱密封強度係量測如下。在180℃之溫度及80 psi之壓力下使用一Microseal PA 201(獲自Packaging Automation Ltd,England)盤封口機,藉助於可熱封層將膜密封至一典型APET/CPET盤(獲自Faerch A/S,Denmark)上歷時兩秒。在相對於密封部分90°下切除密封膜及盤之條帶(25 mm寬),且使用一以0.25 mmin-1
之十字頭速度操作之Instron量測將密封部分拉開所需的負荷。通常將該程序重複四次,且計算5個結果之平均值。
(iv)複合膜自身之間的熱密封強度係藉由置於一起且在160℃下在80 psi之壓力下將兩個膜樣品之可熱封層加熱0.5秒來量測。將該密封膜冷卻至室溫,且將密封複合物切為25 mm寬之條帶。藉由量測在0.25 mmin-1
之恆定速度下在線性張力下每單位寬度之密封部分剝離膜之層所需的力來測定熱密封強度。
(v)熱黏性黏著力係使用一Davinor J&B熱黏性測試儀根據ASTM F1921-98("Standard test methods for the hot seal strength(hot tack)of thermoplastics polymers and blends comprising the sealing surface of flexible webs")來量測。在密封溫度及力之限定條件下於該機器中將複合膜之條帶(25 mm寬)密封至一APET/CPET表面(獲自Faerch A/s,Denmark)上,且在密封部分製成後以給定剝離速度以限定次數量測所得密封強度。在此操作中,密封溫度為150℃;密封壓力為1 N/mm2
;密封時間為0.5秒;冷卻時間(亦即介於製造密封部分與實施密封強度量測之間的時間)為0.1秒;且剝離速度為120 mm/s。
(vi)藉由將樣品置於溫度為190℃之烘箱中歷時5分鐘來量測收縮。使用5個膜樣品來評估收縮行為。
(vii)極限拉伸強度係根據ASTM D882-88,取膜之縱向尺寸及橫向尺寸中之值的平均數來量測。
本發明係由以下實例進一步說明。應瞭解該等實例僅為說明性目的且並非意欲限制如上所述之本發明。可在不偏離本發明之範疇的情況下對細節作出修改。
複合膜係藉由共擠來製造,其中第一(基材)層為未經填充之聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),且第二層為具有-15℃之Tg
及150℃之Tm
的壬二酸/對苯二甲酸/乙二醇(45/55/100)之可熱封共聚酯。該可熱封層進一步包含1.5重量%(相對於層之全部組成)之N,N'-伸乙基雙(油酸醯胺)蠟(EBO;以Crodamide EBO獲自Croda)及3重量%(相對於層之全部組成)之具有1 μm之平均粒度的矽石填料粒子。
該等共聚酯係使用自獨立擠壓機至一單通道共擠總成供應之獨立流來共擠。經由一成膜模具以多種線速度將聚合物層擠壓於一水冷卻旋轉、淬火鼓上以產生非晶形鑄造複合物擠出物。將該鑄造擠出物加熱至在約50℃至80℃之範圍內的溫度且隨後以約3:1之前進拉伸比縱向拉伸。在約110℃之溫度下使聚合膜穿過一拉幅機烘箱,其中薄片在橫向方向上經拉伸至其原始尺寸的約4倍,且隨後在介於210℃與225℃之間的溫度下熱定型。膜之最終厚度為25 μm,其中第二(可熱封)層之厚度為0.65 μm。膜為透明的,其具有6%之混濁度。膜之熱黏性黏著力為5牛頓。膜自身之熱密封強度為500 g/25 mm。膜顯示自盤之輕易且清潔之手工剝離。
除未添加蠟之外,重複實例1。膜黏附於鑄造鼓上,使得不可能製造。
除可熱封層包含6%填料之外,重複實例1。當自盤上剝離時,膜易於撕裂。
除可熱封層厚度為3.5 μm之外,重複實例1,且其顯示高熱黏性及高冷剝離強度,且當自盤上剝離時易於撕裂。
除可熱封層厚度為0.2 μm之外,重複實例1,且其顯示不夠低之冷剝離強度。
Claims (26)
- 可剝離、共擠之複合聚合膜,其包含一聚合材料之基材層,在該基材層之一表面上具有一可熱封層,其中:(i)該可熱封層包含至少一種芳族二羧酸、至少一種脂族二羧酸及一或多種二醇之共聚酯,及該共聚酯構成該可熱封層之總重量的至少90重量%;(ii)該可熱封層之厚度係在約0.3 μm至約3 μm之範圍內;(iii)該可熱封層包含一或多種蠟;及其中該可熱封層之該共聚酯之玻璃轉移點(Tg )係不大於約20℃。
- 如請求項1之膜,其中該基材包含聚酯。
- 如請求項1之膜,其中該基材包含聚(對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之膜,其中該可熱封共聚酯之芳族二羧酸為對苯二甲酸。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之膜,其中該可熱封共聚酯之脂族二羧酸為式Cn H2n (COOH)2 之飽和脂族二羧酸,其中n為2至8。
- 如請求項5之膜,其中該脂族二羧酸係選自由癸二酸、己二酸及壬二酸組成之群。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之膜,其中該可熱封共聚酯之二醇為乙二醇。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之膜,其中該芳族二羧酸係以該共聚酯之二羧酸組份計以45莫耳%至80莫耳%之範圍存在於該可熱封共聚酯中。
- 如請求項8之膜,其中該芳族二羧酸係以該共聚酯之二羧酸組份計以55莫耳%至65莫耳%之範圍存在於該共聚酯中。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之膜,其中該脂族二羧酸係以該共聚酯之二羧酸組份計以20莫耳%至55莫耳%之範圍存在於該可熱封共聚酯中。
- 如請求項10之膜,其中該脂族二羧酸係以該共聚酯之二羧酸組份計以35莫耳%至45莫耳%之範圍存在於該可熱封共聚酯中。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之膜,其中該可熱封層之共聚酯為壬二酸及對苯二甲酸與乙二醇之共聚酯;其中該壬二酸/對苯二甲酸/乙二醇之相對莫耳比率係在40-50/60-50/100之範圍內。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之膜,其中該複合膜之總厚度係在約5 μm至約50 μm之範圍內。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之膜,其中該可熱封層之厚度係在約0.5 μm至約0.9 μm之範圍內。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之膜,其中該膜在190℃下歷時5分鐘之收縮小於5%。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之膜,其係雙軸取向的。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之膜,其中該蠟係選自礦物蠟、 植物蠟及合成蠟。
- 如請求項17之膜,其中該蠟為醯胺蠟。
- 如請求項17之膜,其中該蠟係選自N,N'-伸乙基雙(油酸醯胺)及N,N'-伸乙基雙(硬脂醯胺)。
- 一種製造可熱封、可剝離、複合聚合膜之方法,其包含共擠一聚合物基材及一可熱封層之步驟,其中:(i)該可熱封層包含至少一種芳族二羧酸、至少一種脂族二羧酸及一或多種二醇之共聚酯,及該共聚酯構成該可熱封層之總重量的至少90重量%;(ii)該可熱封層之厚度係在約0.3 μm至約3 μm之範圍內;(iii)該可熱封層包含一或多種蠟;及其中該可熱封層之該共聚酯之玻璃轉移點(Tg )係不大於約20℃。
- 如請求項20之方法,其中該蠟係選自礦物蠟、植物蠟及合成蠟。
- 如請求項21之方法,其中該蠟為醯胺蠟。
- 如請求項21之方法,其中該蠟係選自N,N'-伸乙基雙(油酸醯胺)及N,N'-伸乙基雙(硬脂醯胺)。
- 一種如請求項1至19中任一項之複合膜作為一加蓋膜或在製造一加蓋膜中之用途,其中該加蓋膜係用於熱封一含有食物產品之收容器(receptacle)。
- 一種密封容器,其包含一含有食物產品之收容器,該容器進一步包含一由請求項1至19中任一項之複合膜形成 的蓋。
- 一種包裝食物產品,其中該包裝包含如請求項1至19中任一項之膜。
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GB0603254A GB0603254D0 (en) | 2006-02-17 | 2006-02-17 | Polyester film |
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TW200740891A TW200740891A (en) | 2007-11-01 |
TWI410448B true TWI410448B (zh) | 2013-10-01 |
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US (1) | US8202612B2 (zh) |
EP (3) | EP1984177B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2009526672A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101379122B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101384430B (zh) |
GB (1) | GB0603254D0 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI410448B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2007093798A1 (zh) |
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2007
- 2007-02-14 JP JP2008554842A patent/JP2009526672A/ja active Pending
- 2007-02-14 US US12/279,585 patent/US8202612B2/en active Active
- 2007-02-14 EP EP20070705211 patent/EP1984177B1/en active Active
- 2007-02-14 CN CN2007800055483A patent/CN101384430B/zh active Active
- 2007-02-14 KR KR1020087022546A patent/KR101379122B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2007-02-14 EP EP11191565.8A patent/EP2431177B1/en active Active
- 2007-02-14 EP EP20110191491 patent/EP2431176B1/en active Active
- 2007-02-14 WO PCT/GB2007/000527 patent/WO2007093798A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-02-16 TW TW96106264A patent/TWI410448B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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KR20080094730A (ko) | 2008-10-23 |
EP2431177A1 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
US8202612B2 (en) | 2012-06-19 |
EP1984177B1 (en) | 2012-07-11 |
EP2431176A1 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
WO2007093798A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
GB0603254D0 (en) | 2006-03-29 |
TW200740891A (en) | 2007-11-01 |
EP2431176B1 (en) | 2014-03-26 |
CN101384430B (zh) | 2011-12-21 |
EP1984177A1 (en) | 2008-10-29 |
KR101379122B1 (ko) | 2014-03-31 |
JP2009526672A (ja) | 2009-07-23 |
EP2431177B1 (en) | 2017-04-26 |
US20100003377A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
CN101384430A (zh) | 2009-03-11 |
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