TWI397550B - 熱塑性聚合物用之含磷的阻燃劑 - Google Patents
熱塑性聚合物用之含磷的阻燃劑 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI397550B TWI397550B TW094120621A TW94120621A TWI397550B TW I397550 B TWI397550 B TW I397550B TW 094120621 A TW094120621 A TW 094120621A TW 94120621 A TW94120621 A TW 94120621A TW I397550 B TWI397550 B TW I397550B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- phosphorus
- flame retardant
- composition
- nylon
- acid
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 18
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 title claims description 17
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 18
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 18
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title description 18
- -1 poly(ethylene terephthalate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- DRDKFCAHTAHYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CP(O)(=O)CC(C)C DRDKFCAHTAHYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004957 Zytel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006102 Zytel® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KTLIMPGQZDZPSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylphosphinic acid Chemical compound CCP(O)(=O)CC KTLIMPGQZDZPSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NXHKQBCTZHECQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(methyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCP(C)(O)=O NXHKQBCTZHECQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005669 high impact polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004797 high-impact polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SYJPAKDNFZLSMV-HYXAFXHYSA-N (Z)-2-methylpropanal oxime Chemical compound CC(C)\C=N/O SYJPAKDNFZLSMV-HYXAFXHYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAOHAQSLJSMLAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylperoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOOCCCC PAOHAQSLJSMLAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVFIQVINDMYLRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxyethyl(methyl)phosphinic acid Chemical class CCOC(C)P(C)(O)=O HVFIQVINDMYLRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSSLZLQDGHKFLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxy-1$l^{5}-phospholane 1-oxide Chemical class OP1(=O)CCCC1 CSSLZLQDGHKFLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDDGCGLADRPTQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1$l^{5}-phosphole 1-oxide Chemical compound OP1(=O)CCC=C1 CDDGCGLADRPTQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNSDAPMTVRGGLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropylphosphinic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CP(O)=O DNSDAPMTVRGGLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VELWKIBDISXXRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N COCCC(C)P(O)=O Chemical compound COCCC(C)P(O)=O VELWKIBDISXXRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGTFSXHFNSBXHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N COCCCP(O)=O Chemical compound COCCCP(O)=O FGTFSXHFNSBXHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- JGDITNMASUZKPW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.Cl[Al](Cl)Cl JGDITNMASUZKPW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- PZTKTQUZLZVLLK-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum bis(2-methylpropyl)phosphinate Chemical compound [Al+3].CC(C)CP([O-])(=O)CC(C)C.CC(C)CP([O-])(=O)CC(C)C.CC(C)CP([O-])(=O)CC(C)C PZTKTQUZLZVLLK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940009861 aluminum chloride hexahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013538 functional additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010574 gas phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FTEDGMWBHLRLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethyl(methyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CP(O)(=O)CO FTEDGMWBHLRLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004491 isohexyl group Chemical group C(CCC(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010413 mother solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001955 polyphenylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BBMHARZCALWXSL-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogenphosphate monohydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O BBMHARZCALWXSL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012745 toughening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
- C08K5/5313—Phosphinic compounds, e.g. R2=P(:O)OR'
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/30—Phosphinic acids R2P(=O)(OH); Thiophosphinic acids, i.e. R2P(=X)(XH) (X = S, Se)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
Description
本申請案請求2004年6月22日申請之美國專利申請案60/581,832之優先權,其中全部的內容將合併於本申請案中供作參考。
本發明關於一種高效能的含磷阻燃劑以及其在熱塑性聚合物中的用途,特別是在聚酯與尼龍材料中的用途。
聚酯或尼龍的阻燃劑的性能可由混合多種添加劑而達成。在此類聚合物中已通常使用鹵化合物,特別是為芳香族多溴化化合物作為阻燃性添加劑。當這些產品被點燃後,這些產品可阻止火焰中發生激烈的氣相反應。因此使得鹵化阻燃劑為不同類型之聚合材料(包括聚酯與尼龍)中普遍使用的添加劑。然而,在過去15年左右,因為擔憂生態的緣故而開始監督鹵化阻燃劑。目前,阻燃劑工業在壓力下改變阻燃性添加劑,使其不致危害周遭環境。
對於此類鹵化阻燃劑而言,含磷產品是合理的代用品。在某些申請案中,含磷的添加劑顯現如鹵化添加劑一般之高活性,但含磷添加劑較不普遍被使用。大部分的含磷阻燃劑提供了阻燃活性,其係藉由凝聚相反應、聚合物碳化促進反應與焦炭生成反應的組合來達成。這些過程顯然是視使用此類添加劑之聚合物而定。因此,針對各種聚合物的類型需要設計特定的含磷結構物。含磷阻燃劑藉由氣相機構亦可提供阻燃活性。然而,因含磷化合物在燃燒過程中易與分解中的聚合物反應而不僅只是揮發,故高氣相活性的含磷添加劑是比較罕見的。
在1970年代末期與1980年代初期,二芳基次膦酸鹽、烷基芳基次膦酸鹽、二烷基次膦酸鹽之多種鹽類(如鋯或鋅鹽)可由例如美國專利4,180,495;4,208,321;與4,208,322中所求的方式製備。這些次膦酸鹽被加入PET(聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)或與聚酯共聚合。在10-20重量%的等級,以1-4單位的氧指數測定,可看見改進之阻燃性。
之後,許多鋅(M=Zn)或鋁(M=Al)的烷基次膦酸金屬鹽類,如下述公式I-IV,在PBT(聚對苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)中測試(參考歐洲專利公告號碼794,220)。結果是乙基甲基次膦酸(I)的鋁鹽以UL-94方式測試,於普通PBT(聚對苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)中在加料量為15重量%的情況下以及於填充玻璃的PBT(聚對苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)中在加料量為20重量%的情況下可得V-0等級。而二烷基次膦酸的鈣鹽(M=Ca)已被證實其效能如同鋁鹽,於填充玻璃的PBT(聚對苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)中在加料量為20重量%的情況下可得V-0等級(參考美國專利5,780,5434與歐洲專利941,996)。這些次膦酸鹽類在填充玻璃之尼龍中並非特別有效,只有在加料量為30重量%時方可得V-0等級。
歐洲專利公告號碼794,191揭示在無填充玻璃之PBT(聚對苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)與尼龍中使用1-羥基二氫磷雜環戊烯氧化物(1-hydroxydihydrophosphole oxide)1-羥基磷雜環戊烷氧化物(1-hydroxyphospholane oxides)(如下述化學式V、VI與VII)之環狀鋁鹽類。在加料量為20重量%時PBT可得V-0等級。
歐洲專利公告號碼971,936揭示1-(甲氧基乙基)甲基次膦酸的鋁鹽(下列化學式VIII)、(1-乙氧基乙基)甲基次膦酸的鋁鹽(下列化學式IX)與1-(甲氧基乙基)乙基次膦酸的鋁鹽(下列化學式X)。這些產品在填充玻璃的PBT(聚對苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)中加料量為20重量%時只得到V-1等級。
雖然羥甲基甲基次膦酸的鋁鹽(下列化學式XI)有較高的磷含量,但效能較差且在填充玻璃的PBT(聚對苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)中顯現V-2等級,如美國專利6,303,674所例示。
雖然乙基甲基次膦酸的鋁鹽(上述化學式I)與二乙基次膦酸的鋁鹽(上述化學式XII)在尼龍中並非特別有效,但是其與含氮產品展現協成作用,如三聚氰胺氰尿酸酯(參考美國專利6,255,371;6,365,071;與6,503,969)或三聚氰胺磷酸酯(參考美國專利6,207,736)。這些組合在尼龍中會比其個別成分更為有效。
如上述,含磷阻燃劑的阻燃活性的機構一般為凝聚相。具有氣相特性的含磷阻燃劑是罕見的,因為不僅阻燃劑不能與分解中的聚合物反應,而且含磷化合物亦需具有適當的揮發性,以使得其在所加入的聚合物組合物的加工過程中不會減損(即在太低的溫度下不會揮發)以及在太高的溫度亦不會揮發,而使得在燃燒中變成無效。因此高度期望含磷阻燃性添加劑能具備這些所欲特性。
根據本發明,意外地發現一些含磷化合物,特別是具有以下通式之次膦酸的金屬鹽類:
(其中,R1
與R2
為相同或不同C3
-C1 5
支鏈烷基)為高效能阻燃性添加劑。高效能是指這些添加劑具備精確之適當的揮發性,以致在燃燒中,聚合物分解時,可提供高度氣相活性。適當的揮發性是指添加劑不會太早揮發而使其在聚合物加工過程中減損,且亦不會太晚揮發以致在燃燒中變成無效,以及在揮發以前通常不會與聚合物反應。
本發明中的〝熱塑性聚合物〞包括任何在高於軟化點或熔點的溫度時可被再加工與再塑形的有機聚合物材料。熱塑性聚合物一般是以擠製與射出成形技術加工,但並非只限於此兩種技術。此類熱塑性聚合物的例子是聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、高抗衝性聚苯乙烯(HIPS)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)、聚醯胺、熱塑性聚酯、尼龍、聚碳酸酯、聚苯醚、以及其混合物。
本發明中的〝熱塑性聚酯〞包括任何主鏈中含有酯基-O-C(O)-的聚合物熱塑性材料。特別是在較佳體系中,本發明係有關二種最常使用的熱塑性聚酯:聚(對苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)與聚(對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)。
本發明中的〝尼龍〞包括任何主鏈中包含醯胺基-NH-C(O)-的聚合物熱塑性材料。特別是在較佳體系中,本發明係有關二種最常使用的尼龍:尼龍-6與尼龍-6,6。
在許多需要阻燃性的電子與電機應用中,在熱塑性聚酯與尼龍中充填有無機粉狀填料(如矽石、滑石與類似物)或補強纖維(如石墨或切碎的玻璃纖維)。在較佳體系中,本發明係有關填充玻璃纖維的熱塑性聚酯或尼龍類。
本發明中使用的含磷阻燃性添加劑是具有下列通式之次膦酸的金屬鹽類:
其中R1
與R2
為相同或不同之C3
-C5
支鏈烷基,較佳為C4
-C8
支鏈烷基,例如異丁基、異戊基、新戊基、異己基與類似物。最佳之R1
與R2
為異丁基。較佳之金屬(M)為多價的,且選擇自週期表第II、III、IV族群中,或是過渡金屬。典型的金屬為鋁、鎂、鈣、鍶、鋅、銅、鐵、鋯與鈦。較佳為鋁。n的值視金屬(M)的價數而定。一般n為2-4。本發明中最佳的阻燃性添加劑為二異丁基次膦酸鋁。在加熱時,金屬鹽大部份揮發而提供氣相作用機構。較佳的是,以熱重差計分析在惰性氣氛中在線性加熱速率下測得金屬鹽實質上完全揮發。根據本發明,當在惰性氣氛中以10℃/分之加熱梯度測量時,在300℃溫度下開始揮發(在重量減損的開始,即金屬鹽重量減損約20%),且在約500℃(更宜為約400℃)溫度下實質上完全揮發。
含磷阻燃劑的含量為組成物總重量之約3至約30重量%,較佳為約5至約20重量%。此組成物可包括一或多種此系統中常用的其它功能性添加劑,包含防滴劑、分散劑、增韌劑、加工輔助性添加劑、焦化催化劑與類似物。
本發明進一步地以下列代表性的實例來作說明。
將318.03克(3.00莫耳)的一水合次磷酸二氫鈉與637克的醋酸加入3公升三頸燒瓶中,此燒瓶連接著冷凝器、加液漏斗、磁力攪拌器與溫度計。將混合物加熱至70℃,而得漸漸成一透明溶液。於混合物中緩慢加入149.33克95-98%硫酸,可見大量沈澱物。在115℃至100℃之溫度下,於混合物中加入436.4克(5.897莫耳)的第三丁醇、120克醋酸與22.5克(0.15莫耳)第三丁基過氧化物之溶液,歷時17小時。加完後,3 1
P核磁共振顯示此混合物含有73%二異丁基次膦酸、25%異丁基次膦酸、1%膦酸鹽與1%磷酸鹽。混合物在95℃真空下於旋轉蒸發器中乾燥,以除去水與溶劑,之後再以2.7%碳酸鈉含水溶液清洗三次。頂層油狀相被分離,且於95℃真空下於旋轉蒸發器中乾燥。收集油狀物質(330克)且於室溫下結晶。在未循環使用母溶液情況下,總產率62%。之後,將136克(0.764莫耳)的二異丁基次膦酸溶解在水與乙腈的混合溶劑中,再以稀釋的氫氧化鈉水溶液中和。於61.83克(0.256莫耳)六水合氯化鋁水溶液中漸漸加入中和的二異丁基次膦酸。出現大量白色沈澱物。將沈澱物過濾,以3份50毫升之乙腈與5份400毫升水清洗,接著置於105℃溫度的烤箱中乾燥一夜。得96%產率之白色固體(136克),證實為二異丁基次膦酸(ABPA)。
熱重差計分析係在惰性氮氣流中在10℃/分線性加熱速度下測量約10毫克的實例1樣品而得。圖1顯示在溫度範圍300℃至400℃之間,二異丁基次膦酸(ABPA)的鋁鹽完全被蒸發。另一方面,二乙基次膦酸的鋁鹽在溫度範圍400℃至500℃之間蒸發且殘留約10%固體殘留物,此說明此鹽類並未完全蒸發,而是部分分解且產生固體殘留物。
實例1製備的二異丁基次膦酸(ABPA)的鋁鹽與填充玻璃纖維的PBT(General Electric公司之商品VALOX 420)以雙螺旋擠製機擠出樹脂。在擠製前,ABPA(125g)與875g PBT混合,接著將此混合的樹脂置入擠製機中。擠出的樹脂配合物在水中驟熄及形成球狀。藉由完全乾燥的調合物之射出成形而製備1/8與1/16英吋厚度之燃燒測試用的標準樣本。根據J.Troitzsch所著之Plastics Flammability Handbook,2004年第3版由Hanser出版社(慕尼黑)出版所述之UL-94流程(垂直裝備)來實施阻燃性測試。1/8英吋樣本得到V-0速率而1/16英吋樣本得到V-2速率。
實例1製備的ABPA(3克)與57克填充玻璃纖維之尼龍(杜邦商品ZYTEL 73G33)在230℃溫度下於梨形攪拌機(bowl mixer)中藉由熔融混合而調製。此混合塑料被壓成1/8英吋厚度的塊料。由塊料上切割取得燃燒測試的樣本。樣本以UL-94方法測試得V-0速率。
實例1製備的ABPA(100克)與900克填充玻璃纖維的尼龍(杜邦商品ZYTEL 73G33)根據實例3所述之方式調製。以UL-94方式測試,1/8與1/16英吋厚度之樣本皆得V-0速率。
二乙基次膦酸之鋁鹽(100克)與900克之填充玻璃纖維的尼龍(杜邦商品ZYTEL 73G33)根據實例3所述之方式調製。以UL-94方式測試,1/8英吋厚度之樣本得V-0速率,而1/16英吋厚度之樣本失敗。
前述實例說明了本發明的一些體系,但本發明的範圍並不以此為限,而專利保護的範圍揭示於下列申請專利範圍。
圖1為2種次膦酸的鋁鹽之熱重差計分析的比較圖。
Claims (8)
- 一種阻燃性熱塑性聚合物組成物,其包含一熱塑性聚合物以及二異丁基次膦酸之鋁鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中該熱塑性聚合物為熱塑性聚酯。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中該熱塑性聚合物為尼龍。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之組成物,其中該熱塑性聚酯為填充玻璃的聚酯。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之組成物,其中該熱塑性聚酯是選自由聚(對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)與聚(對苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)所組成的族群。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之組成物,其中該尼龍為填充玻璃的尼龍。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中該鋁鹽的量是佔組成物總重之3到30重量%。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之組成物,其中該鋁鹽的量是佔組成物總重之5到20重量%。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US58183204P | 2004-06-22 | 2004-06-22 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW200613404A TW200613404A (en) | 2006-05-01 |
TWI397550B true TWI397550B (zh) | 2013-06-01 |
Family
ID=35134530
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW094120621A TWI397550B (zh) | 2004-06-22 | 2005-06-21 | 熱塑性聚合物用之含磷的阻燃劑 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7807737B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1773935B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5301828B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101259913B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101010372B (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2571551A1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2007102080A (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI397550B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2006009983A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI410453B (zh) | 2005-12-01 | 2013-10-01 | Supresta Llc | 含二取代膦酸鹽與單取代膦酸鹽之混合物的阻焰性組成物 |
US8795557B2 (en) | 2008-03-31 | 2014-08-05 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Flame resistant polyphthalamide/poly(arylene ether) composition |
CN102666693A (zh) * | 2009-10-27 | 2012-09-12 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 具有阻燃性的耐热老化性聚酰胺 |
DE102010018681A1 (de) | 2010-04-29 | 2011-11-03 | Clariant International Ltd. | Flammschutzmittel-Stabilisator-Kombination für thermoplastische und duroplastische Polymere |
DE102010018680A1 (de) | 2010-04-29 | 2011-11-03 | Clariant International Limited | Flammschutzmittel-Stabilisator-Kombination für thermoplastische und duroplastische Polymere |
DE102011011928A1 (de) | 2011-02-22 | 2012-08-23 | Clariant International Ltd. | Flammschutzmittel-Stabilisator-Kombination für thermoplastische Polymere |
CN102321362B (zh) * | 2011-08-05 | 2013-07-10 | 四川大学 | 一种高阻燃性聚酰胺 |
CN103665837A (zh) * | 2012-08-28 | 2014-03-26 | 山东道恩高分子材料股份有限公司 | 无卤阻燃增强尼龙 |
US8865279B2 (en) | 2013-03-04 | 2014-10-21 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Reinforced polyphthalamide/poly(phenylene ether) composition |
CN104250440A (zh) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | 杜邦公司 | 阻燃的聚合物组合物 |
KR102096137B1 (ko) | 2013-12-12 | 2020-04-01 | 이탈마치 케미칼스 에스피에이 | 글로우 와이어 및 내화성을 가지는 무-할로겐 난연제 폴리아미드 성형 조성물 |
KR101667942B1 (ko) * | 2014-11-26 | 2016-10-21 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 차아인산계 난연제 및 이를 포함하는 난연성 수지 조성물 |
CN107325324B (zh) * | 2016-04-28 | 2019-08-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 阻燃剂、阻燃防静电组合物和阻燃防静电聚丙烯发泡珠粒 |
CN106518915A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-03-22 | 淄博华众成化工科技有限公司 | 二异丁基次磷酸的合成方法 |
CN108930072B (zh) * | 2017-05-24 | 2021-07-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 阻燃抗静电聚丙烯纤维组合物及由其制备的纤维和无纺布 |
CN109280254A (zh) * | 2017-07-20 | 2019-01-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 阻燃聚乙烯组合物及其发泡珠粒 |
KR20200062336A (ko) | 2017-10-17 | 2020-06-03 | 셀라니즈 세일즈 저머니 게엠베하 | 난연성 폴리아미드 조성물 |
CN109705563B (zh) * | 2017-10-26 | 2021-03-16 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 阻燃热塑性聚氨酯组合物及其发泡珠粒 |
WO2023060590A1 (zh) | 2021-10-15 | 2023-04-20 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | 二烷基次膦酸杂化盐及其制备方法、应用 |
CN115232166B (zh) * | 2022-08-16 | 2024-03-26 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种无卤阻燃抗氧剂有机铜盐及其制备方法与应用 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH09241395A (ja) * | 1996-03-04 | 1997-09-16 | Hoechst Ag | 低燃性ポリエステル成形材料よりの成形品 |
US5869722A (en) * | 1996-04-23 | 1999-02-09 | Ticona Gmbh | Process for producing aluminum phosphinates |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2346310A1 (de) * | 1973-09-14 | 1975-04-24 | Basf Ag | Glasfaserverstaerkte polyamidformmassen mit hoher schlagzaehigkeit |
US4208321A (en) * | 1978-04-13 | 1980-06-17 | Pennwalt Corporation | Polyamide resins flame retarded by poly(metal phosphinate)s |
JPH07179674A (ja) * | 1993-12-22 | 1995-07-18 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | ポリオレフィン系樹脂組成物 |
DE4430932A1 (de) * | 1994-08-31 | 1996-03-07 | Hoechst Ag | Flammgeschützte Polyesterformmasse |
DE19607635A1 (de) * | 1996-02-29 | 1997-09-04 | Hoechst Ag | Schwerentflammbare Polyamidformmassen |
DE19614424A1 (de) * | 1996-04-12 | 1997-10-16 | Hoechst Ag | Synergistische Flammschutzmittel-Kombination für Polymere |
DE19629432A1 (de) * | 1996-07-22 | 1998-01-29 | Hoechst Ag | Aluminiumsalze von Phosphinsäuren |
DE19734437A1 (de) * | 1997-08-08 | 1999-02-11 | Clariant Gmbh | Synergistische Flammschutzmittel-Kombination für Polymere |
DE59809884D1 (de) * | 1997-11-28 | 2003-11-13 | Clariant Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von salzen der dialkylphosphinsäuren |
DE19820398A1 (de) * | 1998-05-07 | 1999-11-11 | Basf Ag | Flammgeschützte Polyesterformmassen |
JP5255169B2 (ja) * | 2000-11-24 | 2013-08-07 | 株式会社ダイセル | 難燃性樹脂組成物 |
JP4303015B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-27 | 2009-07-29 | 帝人化成株式会社 | 難燃性芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物 |
DE10331889A1 (de) * | 2003-07-14 | 2005-02-17 | Clariant Gmbh | Flammwidrige Polyamide |
US7294661B2 (en) * | 2003-10-03 | 2007-11-13 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Flame resistant aromatic polyamide resin composition and articles therefrom |
-
2005
- 2005-06-20 KR KR1020077001333A patent/KR101259913B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2005-06-20 CN CN2005800205462A patent/CN101010372B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-06-20 WO PCT/US2005/021726 patent/WO2006009983A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-06-20 EP EP05762496A patent/EP1773935B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-06-20 US US11/630,721 patent/US7807737B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-06-20 JP JP2007518166A patent/JP5301828B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-06-20 CA CA002571551A patent/CA2571551A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-06-20 RU RU2007102080/04A patent/RU2007102080A/ru unknown
- 2005-06-21 TW TW094120621A patent/TWI397550B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH09241395A (ja) * | 1996-03-04 | 1997-09-16 | Hoechst Ag | 低燃性ポリエステル成形材料よりの成形品 |
US5869722A (en) * | 1996-04-23 | 1999-02-09 | Ticona Gmbh | Process for producing aluminum phosphinates |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20080132619A1 (en) | 2008-06-05 |
KR20070037745A (ko) | 2007-04-06 |
EP1773935B1 (en) | 2012-08-08 |
CN101010372A (zh) | 2007-08-01 |
KR101259913B1 (ko) | 2013-05-02 |
CN101010372B (zh) | 2012-10-03 |
JP2008503645A (ja) | 2008-02-07 |
RU2007102080A (ru) | 2008-07-27 |
CA2571551A1 (en) | 2006-01-26 |
WO2006009983A1 (en) | 2006-01-26 |
JP5301828B2 (ja) | 2013-09-25 |
EP1773935A1 (en) | 2007-04-18 |
US7807737B2 (en) | 2010-10-05 |
TW200613404A (en) | 2006-05-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TWI397550B (zh) | 熱塑性聚合物用之含磷的阻燃劑 | |
TWI410453B (zh) | 含二取代膦酸鹽與單取代膦酸鹽之混合物的阻焰性組成物 | |
EP1544206B1 (de) | Verwendung von Dialkylphosphinsäure-Salze | |
TWI331617B (en) | Flame retardant-stabilizer combination for thermoplastic polymers | |
DE102016213280B4 (de) | Diorganylphosphinsäuresalze, ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und ihre Verwendung | |
EP2788284B1 (de) | Mischungen von aluminium-hydrogenphosphiten mit aluminiumsalzen, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung sowie ihre verwendung | |
EP2788286B1 (de) | Aluminium-hydrogenphosphite, ein verfahren zu ihrer herstellung sowie ihre verwendung | |
US8889772B2 (en) | Method for producing mixtures of alkylphosphonous acid salts and dialkylphosphinic acid salts | |
EP2062904B1 (de) | Mischsalze von Diorganylphosphinsäuren und Carbonsäuren | |
JPH09235465A (ja) | 低燃焼性ポリアミド成形材料 | |
DE102011120200A1 (de) | Flammschutzmittel-Mischungen enthaltend Flammschutzmittel und Aluminiumphosphite, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung | |
JP2013529230A (ja) | 熱可塑性及び熱硬化性ポリマー用の難燃剤−安定化剤の組み合わせ | |
TW201604269A (zh) | 焦膦酸的鹽作為阻燃劑 | |
TW201718744A (zh) | 熱塑性聚合物用之防蝕阻燃性調合物 | |
WO2011134621A2 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von alkylphosphonigsäuresalzen | |
CN105492520B (zh) | 由酰胺衍生物制备的阻燃剂及其制造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |