TWI393372B - 無線區域網路中鄰近掃描 - Google Patents

無線區域網路中鄰近掃描 Download PDF

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TWI393372B
TWI393372B TW097124802A TW97124802A TWI393372B TW I393372 B TWI393372 B TW I393372B TW 097124802 A TW097124802 A TW 097124802A TW 97124802 A TW97124802 A TW 97124802A TW I393372 B TWI393372 B TW I393372B
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timing information
sta
beacon
time
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TW200922174A (en
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Marinier Paul
Roy Vincent
Cave Christopher
La Sita Frank
Cuffaro Angelo
Touag Athmane
Rudolf Marian
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Interdigital Tech Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0055—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link
    • H04W36/0061—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link of neighbour cell information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0055—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/001—Synchronization between nodes
    • H04W56/0015—Synchronization between nodes one node acting as a reference for the others
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/005—Discovery of network devices, e.g. terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
    • H04W48/12—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery using downlink control channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0212—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave
    • H04W52/0216—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave using a pre-established activity schedule, e.g. traffic indication frame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W92/00—Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
    • H04W92/16—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices
    • H04W92/20—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices between access points
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)

Description

無線區域網路中鄰近掃描
本發明大體上是關於無線區域網路(WLAN)，本發明尤其是關於一種鄰近存取點(APs)之掃瞄方法。
WLAN因為其便利和彈性而變得越來越受歡迎，當此類網路新的應用被開發出來時，他們的普及化便預期會顯著增加。一個大有可為的領域便是網際網路語音協定(VoIP,Voice over Internet Protocol)的使用，且當使用者是行動用戶時，在鄰接WLAN部署區域中對無縫隙服務連續性支援(亦即：遞交(handover))的需求也逐漸增加。
在802.11標準中，站台(STAs)可使用兩種不同的模式以識別APs：主動掃瞄模式以及被動掃瞄模式。STA所使用的是主動掃瞄模式或是被動掃瞄模式，通常是由其組態設定所決定，實作上兩種模式都有在使用。在主動掃瞄模式中，STA選擇一頻率頻道並傳輸一探測請求訊框(Probe Request frame)，接著等待一定的時間以接收探測請求訊框形式之回應。當基礎服務集合(BSS)在基礎建設模式中運作時，該探測請求訊框典型地是由該AP發送。在此情況下，若STA在一定時間後並未接收到探測請求訊框，則其調整到一個新的頻率並重複此程序。
在被動掃瞄模式中，STA試著藉由調整頻率且監聽一定時間，以找出一特定頻率頻道上BSS的存在，以便在固定的時間間隔中由該AP捕捉信標訊框廣播。在此情況下，若STA在一定時間 後並未接收到信標訊框廣播，則其調整到一個新的頻率並重複此程序。
當使用被動模式時，STA可知道在哪個頻率頻道可能會找到候選APs，但其無法確實知道鄰近AP何時會發送信標訊框。典型地，信標訊框係於預設固定時間間隔中發送，例如：每100 ms，在最差情況下，STA調整到目標頻率且必須等待至少100 ms，直到一信標訊框發生為止。當STA僅有一個接收器的情況下，其在舊頻率上進行的服務會遭受中斷，同時STA會在目標頻率上執行被動掃瞄。
在一WLAN上執行一個有效率的遞交必須包含數個需求，例如：用以遞交之適當候選APs之識別和測量，STA認證的建立以及在目標AP中的安全內容，重新結合該目標AP，以及傳輸該資料鍊結至該目標AP。
WALN傳統上並未以提供完全無縫隙行動支援的目的發展，一個現行WLAN系統的問題便是由該STA對適當候選APs的識別和測量是個冗長的程序，且可能持續數百毫秒。除此之外，STA行為並未良好的描述，且測量程序的持續時間可因廠商所選擇的不同執行方法而大大的不同。
為了避免被使用者中斷重要服務，舉例來說，在執行VoIP呼叫期間，遞交程序需要快速地執行(服務中斷時間典型地不應超過數十至數百毫秒)。除此之外，STA測量和識別鄰近候選APs之程序不應以任何顯著的方法衝擊到正在進行服務的表現。
因此，便有需要改善被動掃瞄模式的效能，使得被動模式的使用可同時確保服務的連續性和無縫隙遞交，尤其是在VoIP方 面。
本發明包含關於傳輸間隔之方法、信號發送機制以及時序資訊，以及鄰近候選APs之排程。該AP發送關於鄰近候選APs之時序資訊至該STA，接著STA便能使用時序資訊以排程其調整至該目標頻率，並且在最小時間中執行該目標AP之識別和測量。
再鄰近候選APs之時序資訊可使用廣播/多重廣播形式之訊框(舉例來說包含在信標訊框中)，或是單一廣播形式之媒體存取控制(MAC)訊框送至STAs。除此之外，包含時序資訊之資訊元件(IE)可在MAC管理訊框中發送，或是背負在MAC控制或資料訊框上發送。
一種在一WLAN中鄰近掃瞄的方法，該WLAN具有一STA，一第一AP連結至該STA，以及一第二AP。由產生關於該第二AP所發送之一信標信號的時序資訊開始，該時序資訊係由該第一AP向該STA報告，該STA基於該時序資訊排程一時間，以監聽由該第二AP傳輸之信標信號。
一種在一WLAN中鄰近掃瞄的系統，其包含一STA，一第一AP連結至該STA，以及一第二AP。該STA包含一第一時序資訊裝置、一排程裝置，其配置以接收來自該第一時序資訊裝置之時序資訊、以及一接收器，用以接收通訊信號且能由該排程裝置所控制。該第一AP包含一第二時序資訊裝置，其發送時序資訊至在該STA中之該第一時序資訊裝置。該第二AP包含一信號傳輸裝置，用以傳輸一信標信號，其中該時序資訊係關於該信標信號。
此後，專用術語「站台(STA)」包含但並未限制於一無線傳輸/接收單元、一使用者設備、一行動站台、一固定或行動用戶單元、一呼叫器或可在一無線環境下操作之任何形式之裝置。當本文此後提到專用術語「存取點(AP)」，其包含但並未限制於一基地台、一節點B、一站台控制器或是在無線環境下任何形式的介面裝置。
本發明包含關於鄰近候選APs之傳輸間隔的時序資訊，典型地係為信標訊框傳輸時間，由何處發送至一STA，以改善被動掃瞄模式的效率。
該AP發送關於該鄰近候選APs之時序資訊至該STA，該STA接著便能使用該時序資訊，以排程其調整至該目標頻率並在一最小時間中識別並測量該目標AP。
第1圖所示為用以通訊介於一STA 102、與該STA 102連繫之一AP(AP1)104、以及一候選AP(AP2)106間時序資訊的方法100流程圖。在非必要的第一步驟中，該STA 102向AP1 104請求候選AP2 106之時序資訊(步驟110)。該AP1 104接著向AP2 106請求時序資訊(步驟112)。AP2 106向AP1報告其時序資訊(步驟114)，此步驟僅在如果該AP1尚未預先獲得AP2之時序資訊才需要；AP1會有附加裝置以獲得該時序資訊(下文討論)。AP1向該STA 102報告AP2之時序資訊(步驟116)。該STA 102接著排定時間以調整至AP2之頻率以便監聽AP2之信標(步驟118)。
鄰近APs之時序資訊可包含，舉例來說：信標間隔(信標訊框發生的週期性)、一目標信號訊框傳輸時間、或是無爭用及爭用基礎時期。關於鄰近候選AP之時序資訊可以絕對時間參考形式與 該STA通訊(例如：一種類似「鄰近信標訊框將於時間xyz發生」的時間戳記)，或是對於一已知參考點的相對時間差(例如指示與由AP1將時序資訊送至該STA之訊框之差距，或是與AP1前次或現行信標訊框之差距)。
由於裝置在傳輸信標前等待任何進行中的傳輸/接收結束的需求，下一個信標訊框之傳輸的時序在超過數毫秒之精確度來說是未知的，因此該AP將一預測接收間隔時間(或等價地說，一目標時間加上一不確定保留幅度)發送至該STA。
提供給STAs之時序資訊總是能由該不確定時期所補充，或是由一特定法則允許該STA會得該時序資訊及/或該不確定時期。一般來說，現行的AP將不止通知該STA該候選AP之信標訊框將比該現行AP之信標訊框早N個時間單位發生，且亦會通知該STA，由於該難以預料的因素，該候選AP之信標訊框將在指示時間或是時間間隔之前M個時間單位及後L個時間單位內發生。另一個可能性便是不確定時期不用每次該AP提供時序資訊時就描述，而是分開發送(舉例來說：透過信標)，或是以一特定固定值發送，兩種方式都能省下信號發送頻寬。
鄰近候選APs之時序資訊可使用徵求性及/或非徵求性廣播/多重廣播形式訊框(舉例來說，包含於一信標訊框中)，或是徵求性及/或非徵求性單一廣播形式MAC訊框(舉例來說，在連結回應訊框(Association Response frames)、重新連結回應訊框(Reassociation Response frames)、或是探測響應訊框中)送至STAs。包含時序資訊的資訊元件(IEs)能在(或部分在)MAC管理訊框中發送，或是背負在MAC控制或資料訊框上發送。通訊時序訊息至該STAs亦可包含使用層間服務原始方式(例如MAC實 體層(PHY)STA管理實體(SME))以在包含發送MAC信號發送訊框、測量活動等活動上初始、確認及回報。
鄰近候選APs之時序資訊可在一特定AP以數種方法產生，包含：該AP使用網路端發送信號以擷取鄰近APs之時序資訊、該AP使用其自身的鄰近APs測量、該AP使用來自STA測量的報告、或是該AP在網路上使用一般的時序裝置。
在網路端發送信號方面，該APs透過將APs連接在一起的分散式系統，交換關於其信標之傳輸時間訊息。有數種可能的網路端信號發送執行方式，例如：一AP廣播關於其信標傳輸時序之資訊至所有在分散式系統上的APs、或是AP像另一個AP請求信標時序資訊，而另一個AP則透過分散式系統回應。或者該AP可詢問網路時序資料庫，例如較佳地以作為中央控制或區域網路管理實體之一部份的方式來實現，以獲得關於其鄰近APs之現行時序資訊。
當該AP使用其自身的鄰近APs測量時，該測量AP監聽其他APs之信標，且測量該信標之傳輸時間，根據該信標傳輸間隔，該測量AP可推斷大約的未來傳輸時間。當鄰近APs使用與該測量AP相同的頻率頻道時，此方法才有用，要不然此方法將需要該測量AP不時調整至其他頻率頻道以便其能監聽信標，這是個較不吸引人的解決方案。
在該AP使用來自STA測量之報告方面，STAs報告對等AP監聽到來自鄰近AP(s)之信標的次數，其係包含信標傳輸間隔、鄰近APs之識別以及該鄰近AP之時間戳記。該對等AP可使用此絕對和相關的時間參考組合以獲取時序資訊，該對等AP儲存此資訊於記憶體中，且推斷這些APs之信標大約的未來傳輸時間。 當一STA進入一BSS時，其能在該連結請求訊框、重新連結請求訊框或是探測請求訊框中設立一個旗標。該旗標是用以指示該STA想要在對應的連結請求訊框、重新連結請求訊框或是探測請求訊框中接收一個鄰近報告元件，該旗標能以數種方式執行，舉例來說，可為一個簡單位元旗標或是一個IE，其包含多個值指示STA欲從該AP所擷取的資訊形式。該鄰近報告元件可包含一時序同步功能(TSF,timing synchronization function)資訊欄位，其包含一TSF偏差值以及一鄰近AP之信標間隔值。該TSF偏差值係以時序單位表示(TUs)，其舉例來說且不失一般性為一微秒長度，且係為介於該對等AP和在關於該對等AP之TUs中表示的鄰近AP間之時序偏差。該信標間隔值可在一較佳實施方式及不失一般性中表示為一目標信標傳輸時間(TBTT,target beacon transmission time)，其具有一典型的預設值100 ms。
關於鄰近候選APs之時序資訊可在一AP管理資訊基礎(MIB)中儲存、存取或配置。該MIB可為一MAC層MIB或是一PHY層MIB。
第2圖和第3圖所示為兩種實施方式。在第2圖中，當該STA知道該鄰近候選AP之信標訊框大約的抵達時間時，如果知道時序資訊的話，STA需要停留在一給予頻率以監聽一特定AP之掃瞄期間典型地約為數毫秒，如果不知道時序資訊的話可能會降到一完全信標間隔(典型地為100 ms)。
在第3圖中所示為當在不同頻道掃瞄數個APs時，所提出方法之增益。典型地，當使用時序資訊時，該STA可根據該信標訊框之發生建立一排程，且在一單一或數個信標間隔中測量所有的信標訊框。反之，如果不使用時序資訊的話，必須請求數個信標間隔。在第3圖中所示的「不確定性間隔」提到，由於與其他傳 輸區別的需要，關於該信標傳輸的確切時間。
上述的方法適用於IEEE 802.11基礎的WLANs，且尤其是以802.11r(快速BSS傳輸)、802.11s(延伸服務集(ESS)網)、802.11k(無線資源測量)以及802.11n(高產能WLAN)為基礎的WLANs。這些方法亦適用於其他無線網路形式。
第4圖所示為用以通訊介於一STA 402、一與STA 402聯繫之AP(AP1)404及一候選AP(AP2)406間時序資訊之系統400。當時序資訊由AP2經由分散式網路傳至AP1時，可使用本系統400。該STA 402包含一時序資訊裝置410、一排程裝置412、一接收器414以及一天線416。AP1 404包含一時序資訊裝置420。該AP2 406包含一時序資訊裝置430、一信標傳輸裝置432以及一天線434。
該系統400係如下運作。在非必要的第一步驟中，該STA 402藉由時序資訊裝置410向在AP1 404上的時序資訊裝置420發送請求，請求候選AP2 406之時序資訊。該AP1 104接著分別透過時序資訊裝置420及時序資訊裝置430接收關於AP2 406之時序資訊。如同前文參照第1圖所述，AP1 404可以不同方式接收關於該AP2 406之時序資訊。
在AP2 406中，該信標傳輸裝置432經由天線434傳輸其信標，且通訊該時序資訊，以傳輸該信標至該時序資訊裝置430。該時序資訊係由該時序資訊裝置430送至在AP1 404中的時序資訊裝置420。AP1 404由該時序資訊裝置420發送該AP2 406之時序資訊至在該STA 402中的時序資訊裝置410。
一旦該STA 402接收該AP2 406之時序資訊，該時序資訊係由該時序資訊裝置410傳至該排程裝置412，該排程裝置412決 定該STA 402將於何時調整其接收器414以掃瞄並接收來自AP2 406之信標傳輸。
儘管本發明之特徵和元件皆於實施例中以特定組合方式所描述，但實施例中每一特徵或元件能獨自使用(不需與較佳實施方式之其他特徵或元件組合)，或是與/不與本發明之其他特徵和元件做不同之組合。
100‧‧‧流程圖
400‧‧‧系統
416、434‧‧‧天線
STA‧‧‧站台
AP‧‧‧存取點
102‧‧‧STA
104‧‧‧AP1
106‧‧‧AP2
110‧‧‧請求時序資訊
112‧‧‧請求時序資訊
114‧‧‧請求時序資訊
116‧‧‧請求時序資訊
118‧‧‧排定時間調至AP2之頻率以監聽AP2之信標
402‧‧‧STA
410‧‧‧時序資訊裝置
412‧‧‧排程裝置
414‧‧‧接收器
404‧‧‧AP1
420‧‧‧時序資訊裝置
406‧‧‧AP2
430‧‧‧時序資訊裝置
432‧‧‧信標傳輸裝置
第1圖所示為一種用以通訊介於STA、與該STA聯繫之AP以及候選AP之間時序資訊之方法流程圖；第2圖所示為掃瞄一候選AP之時序圖；第3圖所示為掃瞄N個頻道之時序圖；以及第4圖所示為一種用以通訊介於STA、與該STA聯繫之AP以及候選AP之間時序資訊之系統圖。
100‧‧‧流程圖
STA‧‧‧站台
AP‧‧‧存取點
102‧‧‧STA
104‧‧‧AP1
106‧‧‧AP2
110‧‧‧請求時序資訊
112‧‧‧請求時序資訊
114‧‧‧請求時序資訊
116‧‧‧請求時序資訊
118‧‧‧排定時間調至AP2之頻率以監聽AP2之信標

Claims (3)

  1. 一種在一無線區域網路中鄰近掃描之方法，該無線區域網路具有一站台、一與該站台相關的第一存取點(AP)以及一第二AP，該方法包含：自該站台發送一時序資訊請求至該第一AP；於該第一AP接收一時序資訊報告，該時序資訊報告包含由該第二AP所傳輸之一信標信號之時序資訊，其中該時序資訊包含相對於一已知參考時間之一時間差以傳輸該信標信號，且該時間差為以時序單位表示之一偏差，藉此該鄰近掃描由接收該時序資訊之該站台來完成；以及為該站台排程一時間，以監聽由該第二AP傳輸之一信標信號，該排程係基於該時序資訊報告。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法，其中該參考時間為來自該第二AP之一第一信標信號的一目標信標傳輸時間。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法，其中該接收包含接收一媒體存取控制訊框中的一資訊元件內的該時序資訊報告。
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