TWI380970B - 使用二羧酸鎓鹽製備高級陶瓷粉末之方法 - Google Patents
使用二羧酸鎓鹽製備高級陶瓷粉末之方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI380970B TWI380970B TW098111301A TW98111301A TWI380970B TW I380970 B TWI380970 B TW I380970B TW 098111301 A TW098111301 A TW 098111301A TW 98111301 A TW98111301 A TW 98111301A TW I380970 B TWI380970 B TW I380970B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- ceramic powder
- group
- salt
- oxalate
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
- C04B35/465—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates
- C04B35/468—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates based on barium titanates
- C04B35/4682—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates based on barium titanates based on BaTiO3 perovskite phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/14—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/18—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general by thermal decomposition of compounds, e.g. of salts or hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/003—Titanates
- C01G23/006—Alkaline earth titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/016—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on manganites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/44—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/447—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on phosphates, e.g. hydroxyapatite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/453—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zinc, tin, or bismuth oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. zincates, stannates or bismuthates
- C04B35/457—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zinc, tin, or bismuth oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. zincates, stannates or bismuthates based on tin oxides or stannates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
- C04B35/465—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates
- C04B35/47—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates based on strontium titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
- C04B35/472—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on lead titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/481—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing silicon, e.g. zircon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/486—Fine ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/49—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/49—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/491—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates based on lead zirconates and lead titanates, e.g. PZT
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/495—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum or tungsten oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. vanadates, niobates, tantalates, molybdates or tungstates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/495—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum or tungsten oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. vanadates, niobates, tantalates, molybdates or tungstates
- C04B35/497—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum or tungsten oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. vanadates, niobates, tantalates, molybdates or tungstates based on solid solutions with lead oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/50—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on rare-earth compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/50—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on rare-earth compounds
- C04B35/505—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on rare-earth compounds based on yttrium oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3201—Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3203—Lithium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3213—Strontium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
- C04B2235/3225—Yttrium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
- C04B2235/3227—Lanthanum oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
- C04B2235/3229—Cerium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3251—Niobium oxides, niobates, tantalum oxides, tantalates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3256—Molybdenum oxides, molybdates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. cadmium molybdate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3258—Tungsten oxides, tungstates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/327—Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3272—Iron oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. hematite, magnetite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/327—Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3275—Cobalt oxides, cobaltates or cobaltites or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bismuth cobaltate, zinc cobaltite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3284—Zinc oxides, zincates, cadmium oxides, cadmiates, mercury oxides, mercurates or oxide forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3286—Gallium oxides, gallates, indium oxides, indates, thallium oxides, thallates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. zinc gallate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3298—Bismuth oxides, bismuthates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. zinc bismuthate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
- C04B2235/449—Organic acids, e.g. EDTA, citrate, acetate, oxalate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5436—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof micrometer sized, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5463—Particle size distributions
- C04B2235/5481—Monomodal
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Description
本發明係關於高級陶瓷粉末之製備,其使用二羧酸鎓鹽化合物作為自金屬溶液沉澱陶瓷粉末前體之沉澱劑,且接下來將該等陶瓷粉末前體轉化成期望金屬氧化物材料。該二羧酸鎓鹽沉澱劑可用於製備該等期望陶瓷粉末之共沉澱程序中以獲得高級陶瓷材料。
本申請案係關於及主張在2008年4月3日提出申請且具有相同標題之美國臨時申請案第61/042,173號的權益,該案件之全部內容以引用方式併入本文中。
生產陶瓷粉末以供各種用途,包括專用機械組件、用於機械組件之塗料、半導體裝置(例如,如高-K介電結構)、超導裝置、移動感測器、燃料電池、裝置封裝、諸如電容器等被動式電子組件、及較為複雜的能量儲存裝置及(作為高級工程材料)從汽車到生物醫學裝置範圍內之工業。存在許多用於合成及製作陶瓷粉末之技術,包括諸如固態-固態擴散等固相合成、諸如沉澱及共沉澱等液相合成、及使用氣相反應物之合成。進而言之,亦可使用眾多相關製作技術,包括:噴霧乾燥、噴霧烘烤、有機金屬分解、冷凍乾燥、溶膠-凝膠合成、熔融固化、及諸如此類。
在液相合成方法中,藉由使用草酸及其某些簡單鹽使金屬氧化物沉澱。然而,使用許多草酸鹽會帶來各種難題,例如,在陶瓷粉末中出現不期望污染物。舉例而言,當使用鹼金屬或鹼土金屬草酸鹽時,所得金屬氧化物粉末可包括不可接受含量之鹼金屬或鹼土金屬。作為另一實例,倘若所添加草酸鹽包括諸如銨(NH4 +
)等在溶液中起緩衝劑或錯合劑作用之離子,則控制該溶液之pH可能較為困難,進而失去產品性能控制。
隨著半導體裝置之關鍵尺寸繼續減小,極低含量之痕量雜質及該材料原子及分子結構之極小變動的影響變得愈加明顯。舉例而言,在高電容率或高介電常數(「Hi-K」)材料中,擊穿電壓可能低至不可接受的程度,當痕量金屬雜質含量或微結構缺陷中之任一者或其組合變得太高時導致Hi-K介電材料功能失效。微結構缺陷可能由(例如)難以控制之粒度分佈、粒子太大、及/或雜質存在造成。具有或不具有微結構缺陷之金屬雜質均會對介電性質及擊穿電壓造成不利影響。
在超導體材料中,眾所周知,超導體材料之超導性質主要取決於製造該超導體材料之陶瓷粉末中各金屬之確切組合。因此,控制所有組份金屬及任一痕量雜質金屬之含量對於該超導體功能之成敗而言至關重要。
鑒於至少此等原因,人們對可用於製備期望陶瓷粉末之新穎方法及材料的強烈需求與日俱增,以期獲得具有諸如下述中之一種或多種改良性質的陶瓷粉末:改良之粒度分佈、減小之粒度、減少之金屬雜質及改良之粒子形態、改良之組合物均勻性、改良之化學計量控制、改良之再分散性及增強之化學穩定性。
本發明可滿足人們對用於製備陶瓷粉末之新穎方法及材料的與日俱增的強烈需求。本發明可提供與藉由不包括該二羧酸鎓鹽作為沉澱劑之方法製造的陶瓷粉末相比具有諸如下述中之一種或多種改良性質的期望陶瓷粉末:改良之粒度分佈、減小之粒度、減少之金屬雜質及改良之粒子形態、改良之組合物均勻性、改良之化學計量控制、改良之再分散性及增強之化學穩定性。
本發明係關於有機二酸之鎓鹽(即,二羧酸鎓鹽)作為金屬離子沉澱劑在生產陶瓷粉末前體以供生產陶瓷粉末中之用途。本發明發現了:藉由使用如本文所界定二羧酸鎓鹽可獲得具有出乎意料的極佳改良性質之陶瓷粉末。
在一個實施例中,該二羧酸鹽係草酸鹽。因此,在一個實施例中,本發明包括使用四級鎓草酸鹽、三級鎓草酸鹽或咪唑鎓草酸鹽作為共沉澱過程中的金屬沉澱劑以製備用於製造期望陶瓷粉末之陶瓷粉末前體,該等草酸鎓鹽可為(例如)四烷基銨或鏻(四級鎓)草酸鹽、三烷基鋶(三級鎓)草酸鹽、三烷基氧化鋶(三級鎓)草酸鹽、及咪唑鎓草酸鹽,包括(例如)四甲基草酸銨、四丁基草酸銨、及經更多碳原子數烷基取代之四級鎓草酸鹽中之一者或其混合物。
因此,在一個實施例中,本發明係關於一種生產陶瓷粉末之方法,其包含:提供複數種呈溶液之前體材料,其中該複數種呈溶液之前體材料各自進一步包含至少一種構成陶瓷粉末之離子物質;將該複數種呈溶液之前體材料與二羧酸鎓鹽沉澱劑溶液組合在一起以使該陶瓷粉末前體在組合溶液中共沉澱;並自該組合溶液分離該陶瓷粉末前體。
在一個實施例中,該沉澱劑溶液實質上不含銨離子。
在另一實施例中,本發明係關於一種生產陶瓷粉末之方法,其包含:提供複數種呈溶液之前體材料,其中該複數種呈溶液之前體材料各自進一步包含至少一種構成陶瓷粉末之離子物質;將該複數種呈溶液之前體材料與實質上不含銨離子之草酸鎓鹽沉澱劑溶液組合在一起以使該陶瓷粉末前體在組合溶液中共沉澱;自該組合溶液分離該陶瓷粉末前體;煅燒所分離的陶瓷粉末前體以形成陶瓷粉末;使陶瓷粉末形成生坯;並燒結該生坯。
在一個實施例中,該二羧酸鎓鹽包含具有通式(II)之四級鎓鹽:
其中在式(II)中,A係氮或磷原子,R1
、R2
、R3
及R4
各自獨立地為含有1個至約20個碳原子之烷基、含有1個至約20個碳原子之羥基烷基或烷氧基烷基、含有6個至18個環碳原子之經取代或未經取代芳基或羥基芳基,當經取代時,該取代包含一個或多個選自上述烷基、羥基烷基或烷氧基烷基中任一者之取代基,或R1
及R2
或R3
與A一起可形成雜環基團,限制條件為倘若該雜環基團含有C=A基團,則R3
係二級鍵結。
在一個實施例中,該二羧酸鎓鹽包含具有通式(III)之三級鋶鹽:
其中在式(III)中,R1
、R2
及R3
各自獨立地為含有1個至約20個碳原子之烷基、含有1個至約20個碳原子之羥基烷基或烷氧基烷基、含有6個至18個環碳原子之經取代或未經取代芳基或羥基芳基,當經取代時,該取代包含一個或多個選自上述烷基、羥基烷基或烷氧基烷基中任一者之取代基,或R1
及R2
或R3
與A一起可形成雜環基團,限制條件為倘若該雜環基團含有C=S基團,則R3
係二級鍵結。
在一個實施例中,該二羧酸鎓鹽包含具有通式(IV)之三級氧化鋶鹽:
其中在式(IV)中,R1
、R2
及R3
各自獨立地為含有1個至約20個碳原子之烷基、含有1個至約20個碳原子之羥基烷基或烷氧基烷基、含有6個至18個環碳原子之經取代或未經取代芳基或羥基芳基,當經取代時,該取代包含一個或多個選自上述烷基、羥基烷基或烷氧基烷基中任一者之取代基,或R1
及R2
或R3
與A一起可形成雜環基團,限制條件為倘若該雜環基團含有C=S集團,則R3
係二級鍵結。
在一個實施例中,該二羧酸鎓鹽包含具有通式(V)之咪唑鎓鹽:
其中在式(V)中,R1
及R3
各自獨立地為含有1個至約20個碳原子之烷基、含有1個至約20個碳原子之羥基烷基或烷氧基烷基、含有6個至18個環碳原子之經取代或未經取代芳基或羥基芳基,當經取代時,該取代包含一個或多個選自上述烷基、羥基烷基或烷氧基烷基中任一者之取代基。
在一個實施例中,該二羧酸鎓鹽包含下述中之一者或多者:草酸鹽、丙二酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、戊二酸鹽、己二酸鹽、碳酸鹽、馬來酸鹽、富馬酸鹽、鄰苯二甲酸鹽、間苯二甲酸鹽及對苯二甲酸鹽。
在一個實施例中,該二羧酸鎓鹽包含四甲基草酸銨。在一個實施例中,該二羧酸鎓鹽包含四甲基草酸銨及第二草酸鎓鹽,其中該第二鎓鹽具有通式(II):
其中在式(II)中,A係氮或磷原子,R1
、R2
、R3
及R4
各自獨立地為含有4個至約20個碳原子之烷基。
在一個實施例中,該等前體材料包含下述中之一者或兩者或更多者之組合的離子:Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Al、Si、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Tc、Ru、Rh、Th、Pd、Ag、Cd、In、Sn、Sb、Si、La、Hf、Ta、W、Re、Os、Ir、Pt、Tl、Pb、Bi、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Dy、Er、Ho、Er、Tm、Tb、Th、Pa、U、Np及Pu。
在一個實施例中,該方法進一步包含煅燒該陶瓷粉末前體以生產陶瓷粉末。在一個實施例中,該煅燒係在介於約200℃至約1500℃間之溫度下進行一段介於約1分鐘至約24小時間之時間。
在一個實施例中,該方法進一步包含燒結該陶瓷粉末以形成陶瓷物件、產品或結構。在一個實施例中,燒結係在介於約1000℃至約3000℃間之溫度下進行一段介於約1分鐘至約24小時間之時間。
基於上述特徵及如在下列實施方式中所述,與藉由先前技術方法所製造的其他等同陶瓷粉末相比,即,與藉由不包括該二羧酸鎓鹽作為沉澱劑之方法製造的其他同等陶瓷粉末相比,本發明可解決提供呈現諸如下述中一種或多種改良性質之陶瓷粉末的問題:改良之粒度分佈、減小之粒度、減少之金屬雜質及改良之粒子形態、改良之組合物均勻性、改良之化學計量控制、改良之再分散性及增強之化學穩定性。
在通篇說明書及申請專利範圍中,範圍及比率限值可加以組合。應理解,除非另外明確陳述,否則當述及「一(a、an)」及/或「該(the)」時可包括一個或一個以上且當述及單數形式之條目時亦可包括複數個該條目。在說明書及申請專利範圍中所指明的所有組合可以任一方式加以組合且一組要素之任一個或多個單獨要素可自該組刪除或不侷限於該組內。
簡單地闡述於上述發明內容中之本發明某些實施例更詳細地闡述於下列書面說明及附圖中以便於一名熟習此項技術之人員能夠製造及使用本發明。
如本文所用二羧酸鎓鹽包括四級銨二羧酸鹽、四級鏻二羧酸鹽、三級鋶二羧酸鹽、三級氧化鋶二羧酸鹽及咪唑鎓二羧酸鹽。該二羧酸鹽可為草酸鹽、丙二酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、戊二酸鹽、己二酸鹽、碳酸鹽、馬來酸鹽、富馬酸鹽、鄰苯二甲酸鹽、間苯二甲酸鹽及對苯二甲酸鹽、任何上述物質之混合物及/或組合。在一個實施例中,該二羧酸鹽不為碳酸鹽。如彼等熟習此項技術者可理解,當已知特定金屬離子之二羧酸鹽可形成可溶性螯合物而非形成不溶性沉澱時,則此等二羧酸鹽-金屬組合不屬於本發明之範圍,此乃因使用沉澱劑之目的在於使相應金屬離子作為不溶性二羧酸鹽沉澱。
在一個實施例中,該二羧酸鎓鹽溶液包含有機草酸鎓鹽。在一個實施例中,該草酸鎓鹽包含四烷基草酸銨。在一個實施例中,該二羧酸鎓鹽係四甲基草酸銨。雙(四甲基銨)草酸鹽,25%水性溶液可自SACHEM公司,Austin,德克薩斯州(Texas)購得。可藉由使適當氫氧化鎓鹽與二羧酸反應來製備其他二羧酸鎓鹽。
在一個實施例中,該二羧酸鎓鹽溶液包含兩種不同的二羧酸鎓鹽之混合物。在一個實施例中,該二羧酸鎓鹽溶液包含具有小烷基(例如,所有烷基為甲基或乙基)之第一種四烷基草酸鎓鹽及具有較大烷基(例如,多於4個碳原子且在一個實施例中,多於8個碳原子)之第二種四烷基草酸鎓鹽。在較長烷基鏈中,該基團可經支鏈化或未經支鏈化。可利用烷基鏈大小的變動來調整所得陶瓷粉末之特徵。舉例而言,在一個實施例中,使用四甲基草酸銨與四丁基草酸銨之組合,可獲得雙峰粒度分佈。在一個此實施例中,雙峰粒度之兩個粒度範圍各自均在狹窄範圍內分佈。在一個實施例中,兩個粒度範圍之組合提供改良之粒子堆積且因此當該陶瓷粉末接下來形成最終陶瓷物件時會產生更加緻密的陶瓷物件。
在一個實施例中,該二羧酸鎓鹽沉澱劑溶液係在自約5至約14之pH下且在一個實施例中,係在自pH 7至約pH 13下,且在另一實施例中,係在自約8至約12之pH下且在一個實施例中,該pH係約9。該pH可藉由添加氫氧化鎓來調整。在一個實施例中,可藉由使用與用作沉澱劑之二羧酸鎓鹽對應之氫氧化鎓來調整pH。在一個實施例中,可使用不同的氫氧化鎓來調整該pH。舉例而言,當使用較為昂貴的二羧酸鎓鹽時,可使用諸如四甲基氫氧化銨等更為常用的氫氧化鎓來調整該pH。在一個實施例中,可在該沉澱劑溶液中納入足夠濃度之氫氧化鎓以將組合之金屬前體溶液與沉澱劑溶液之pH提升至自約11至約14之pH範圍。達成此高pH有助於確保陶瓷粉末前體之所有金屬離子沉澱。
在一個實施例中,該等二羧酸鎓鹽一般可藉由下式I來表徵:
Ax
(二羧酸根) (I)
其中在式(I)中,A係鎓鹽基團,該二羧酸根陰離子係如上文所界定,且x係藉由A之價態確定之整數。倘若A係單價,則x=2;倘若A係二價,則x=1;倘若A係三價或更高價,則x及草酸根或其他二羧酸根陰離子之數目應相應地改變。舉例而言,倘若A係含有4個正電荷之多價鎓離子,則應存在兩個二羧酸根陰離子。如本文所用,該等鎓鹽基團係四級銨基團、四級鏻基團、三級鋶基團、三級氧化鋶基團及咪唑鎓基團中之一者或該等之組合或混合物。一個組合可為含有兩個彼此相同或不同之鎓鹽基團的分子,且一種混合物可為兩種或更多種一起分散於單一介質中之不同鎓鹽化合物。
在一個實施例中,該等鎓鹽離子不包括銨離子。在另一實施例中,該等鎓鹽離子不包括任何銨離子,一級、二級或三級銨離子。如本文所用,當將各材料之溶液或混合物揭示為不包括或不含或實質上不含指定成份、離子或材料時,該指定成份、離子或材料並非故意地添加至該溶液或混合物中。當指明該溶液或混合物不包括、不含或實質上不含該指定成份時,一定量的該指定成份、離子或材料可能作為不可避免或不期望的雜質存在。
在一個實施例中,提供具有極低痕量金屬污染程度之二羧酸鎓鹽。在一個實施例中,任一單獨金屬雜質之金屬含量係少於約10ppb(十億分之10)且在一個實施例中,任一單獨金屬雜質之金屬含量係少於約5ppb,且在一個實施例中,任一單獨金屬雜質之金屬含量係少於約1ppb。金屬雜質在二羧酸鎓鹽中之此低含量可能需要對氫氧化鎓或其他二羧酸鎓鹽來源實施廣泛地預處理。
在一個實施例中,可用於本發明之鎓鹽離子係藉由下式II表徵之四級銨離子及四級鏻離子:
其中在式(II)中,A係氮或磷原子,R1
、R2
、R3
及R4
各自獨立地為含有1個至約20個、或1個至約10個碳原子之烷基、含有2個至約20個、或2個至約10個碳原子之羥基烷基或烷氧基烷基、含有6個至18個環碳原子之經取代或未經取代芳基或羥基芳基,或R1
及R2
或R3
與A一起可形成雜環基團,限制條件為倘若該雜環基團含有C=A基團,則R3
係二級鍵結。在該等烷氧基烷基中,烷基部分及烷氧基部分各自可含有1個至約20個碳原子。
烷基R1
-R4
可為直線型或具支鏈,且含有1個至20個碳原子之具體烷基實例包括甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、異辛基、壬基、癸基、異癸基、十二烷基、十三烷基、異十三烷基、十六烷基及十八烷基。R1
、R2
、R3
及R4
亦可為含有2個至5個碳原子之羥基烷基,例如,羥基乙基及羥基丙基、羥基丁基、羥基戊基等之各種同分異構體。在一個實施例中,R1
、R2
、R3
及R4
獨立地為含有1個至約5個碳原子之烷基及/或羥基烷基。烷氧基烷基之具體實例包括乙氧基乙基、丁氧基甲基、丁氧基丁基等。各種芳基及羥基芳基之實例包括苯基、苄基、及其中苯環經一個或多個羥基取代之等效基團。該等芳基或羥基芳基可經(例如)C1
-C20
烷基取代。更經常地,R1
至R4
係低碳數烷基,例如,甲基。
在一個實施例中,R1
-R4
基團中之任一個可為含有1個至約5個碳原子之烷基及/或羥基烷基。因此,在其中A=N且其中二羧酸鹽係草酸鹽之一個式(II)實施例中,該四級草酸銨包含四烷基草酸銨。草酸銨之具體實例包括四甲基草酸銨(TMAO)、四乙基草酸銨(TEAO)、四丙基草酸銨、四丁基草酸銨(TBAO)、四-正辛基草酸銨、甲基三乙基草酸銨、二乙基二甲基草酸銨、甲基三丙基草酸銨、甲基三丁基草酸銨、十六烷基三甲基草酸銨、三甲基羥基乙基草酸銨、三甲基甲氧基乙基草酸銨、二甲基二羥基乙基草酸銨、甲基三羥基乙基草酸銨、苯基三甲基草酸銨、苯基三乙基草酸銨、苄基三甲基草酸銨、苄基三乙基草酸銨、二甲基吡咯啶鎓草酸鹽、二甲基六氫吡啶鎓草酸鹽、二異丙基咪唑鎓草酸鹽、N-烷基吡啶鎓草酸鹽等。在一個實施例中,本發明所用四級草酸銨係TMAO及TBAO。如上文所述,適宜二羧酸根陰離子可替換為草酸鹽以形成相應的鎓鹽。
可用於本發明之式(II)所代表四級鏻草酸鹽(其中A=P)之實例包括四甲基草酸鏻、四乙基草酸鏻、四丙基草酸鏻、四丁基草酸鏻、三甲基羥基乙基草酸鏻、二甲基二羥基乙基草酸鏻、甲基三羥基乙基草酸鏻、苯基三甲基草酸鏻、苯基三乙基草酸鏻及苄基三甲基草酸鏻等。
在另一實施例中,可用於本發明之鎓鹽離子係藉由通式III表示之三級鋶離子:
其中在式(III)中,R1
、R2
及R3
各自獨立地為含有1個至約20個碳原子之烷基、含有1個至約20個碳原子之羥基烷基或烷氧基烷基、含有6個至18個環碳原子之經取代或未經取代芳基或羥基芳基,當經取代時,該取代包含一個或多個選自上述烷基、羥基烷基或烷氧基烷基中任一者之取代基,或R1
及R2
或R3
與A一起可形成雜環基團,限制條件為倘若該雜環基團含有C=S基團,則R3
係二級鍵結。在該等烷氧基烷基中,烷基部分及烷氧基部分各自可含有自1個至約20個碳原子。
在一個實施例中,R1
、R2
及R3
可為上文相對於四級鎓鹽實施例之R1
-R4
基團所揭示可選基團中之任一者。
藉由式III所表示三級鋶草酸鹽之實例包括三甲基草酸鋶、三乙基草酸鋶、三丙基草酸鋶等。
在另一實施例中,可用於本發明之鎓鹽離子係藉由通式IV表示之三級氧化鋶離子:
其中在式IV中,R1
、R2
及R3
各自獨立地為含有1個至約20個碳原子之烷基、含有1個至約20個碳原子之羥基烷基或烷氧基烷基、含有6個至18個環碳原子之經取代或未經取代芳基或羥基芳基,當經取代時,該取代包含一個或多個選自上述烷基、羥基烷基或烷氧基烷基中任一者之取代基,或R1
及R2
或R3
與A一起可形成雜環基團,限制條件為倘若該雜環基團含有C=S基團,則R3
係二級鍵結。在該等烷氧基烷基中,烷基部分及烷氧基部分各自可含有自1個至約20個碳原子。
在一個實施例中,R1
、R2
及R3
可為上文相對於四級鎓鹽實施例之R1
-R4
基團所揭示可選基團中之任一者。
藉由式IV表示之三級氧化鋶離子之實例包括三甲基草酸氧化鋶、三乙基草酸氧化鋶、三丙基草酸氧化鋶等。如上文所注明,適宜二羧酸根陰離子可替換為草酸鹽以形成相應的氧化鋶鹽。
在另一實施例中,可用於本發明之鎓鹽離子係藉由通式V表示之咪唑鎓離子:
其中在式(V)中,R1
、R2
及R3
各自獨立地為含有1個至約20個碳原子之烷基、含有1個至約20個碳原子之羥基烷基或烷氧基烷基、含有6個至18個環碳原子之經取代或未經取代芳基或羥基芳基,當經取代時,該取代包含一個或多個選自上述烷基、羥基烷基或烷氧基烷基中任一者之取代基。
在一個實施例中,R1
及R3
可為上文相對於四級鎓鹽實施例之R1
-R4
基團所揭示可選基團中之任一者
式(V)之咪唑鎓的實例包括(例如)二甲基咪唑鎓、二乙基咪唑鎓、二丁基咪唑鎓、及1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、及1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑鎓。
依據本發明,前體材料包含下述中之一者或兩者或更多者之組合的離子作為目標陶瓷粉末之組成組份:Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Al、Si、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Tc、Ru、Rh、Th、Pd、Ag、Cd、In、Sn、Sb、Si、La、Hf、Ta、W、Re、Os、Ir、Pt、Tl、Pb、Bi、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Dy、Er、Ho、Er、Tm、Tb、Th、Pa、U、Np及Pu。可對具有任一適當抗衡離子之前體溶液提供此等離子,限制條件為離子對可溶於前體溶液中。
在一個本發明實施例中,上述金屬之可溶性螯合物用作目標陶瓷粉末之一種或多種組成組份之前體。一般而言,螯合係在兩個或更多個存於相同配體內之獨立結合位點與單一中心原子之間形成或存在鍵結(或其他相互吸引作用)。其中存在螯合之分子實體(及相應化學物質)稱為螯合物。
在一個實施例中,一種或多種前體作為可溶性螯合物提供以改良金屬離子在與二羧酸鎓鹽反應前之溶解度。螯合劑係其結構容許金屬離子與兩個或更多個供體位點相互作用之多配位基配體且配體係任一能夠在一個或多個配合鍵結中作為供體夥伴之原子、離子或分子。適宜螯合劑包括(例如)α-羥基羧酸(例如,乳酸、乙醇酸、蘋果酸及檸檬酸)或α-胺基-羧酸(例如,乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)及甘胺酸)。舉例而言,為了製備鋇-鈣-釔-錳-鋯-鈦酸鹽,可在去離子水中形成下述前體之溶液:Ba(NO3
)2
、Ca(NO3
)2
‧4H2
O、Nd(NO3
)3
‧6H2
O、Y(NO3
)3
‧4H2
O、Mn(CH3
COO)2
‧4H2
O、ZrO(NO3
)2
、及[CH3
CH(O-
)COONH4
]2
Ti(OH)2
。在此實例中,鑒於鈦在其他情形下之難溶性,使用可溶性鈦螯合物[CH3
CH(O-
)COONH4
]2
Ti(OH)2
。
儘管可應用於本發明之諸多金屬離子提供廣泛的溶解度範圍,但熟習此項技術之人員可容易地確定可用於本發明之適當抗衡離子及/或螯合物。此選擇之一個重要標準在於應可容易地控制該抗衡離子及/或螯合劑在煅燒步驟期間於空氣中之熱分解以便於不會在由此所形成陶瓷粉末中留下殘渣。
在一個實施例中,形成水性草酸鹽溶液沉澱粉末之適宜溫度範圍係35℃至110℃,且在另一實施例中,係自約65℃至約95℃。在一個實施例中,形成水性草酸鹽溶液沉澱粉末之適宜溫度範圍係85℃至90℃。
可利用在本申請案中所述方法及技術來製備許多不同類型的混合金屬氧化物(陶瓷粉末前體)及陶瓷粉末,如彼等熟習此項技術者可理解。因此,儘管本申請案強調在製作用於電能儲存裝置之陶瓷粉末(例如,經摻雜或組成改變之鈦酸鋇)中及用作半導體應用之Hi-K介電材料的陶瓷粉末中使用此等方法及技術,但該等或類似技術及方法可用於製備其他金屬氧化物及陶瓷粉末,且此等金屬氧化物及陶瓷粉末可應用於製造各種包括基於陶瓷粉末之部件的組件、裝置、材料等。
金屬草酸鹽一般不可溶且金屬草酸鹽粒子一般可自形成該等粒子之液體容易地過濾且易於操作。舉例而言,已知下列化合物之草酸鹽呈現低水溶性:Al、Ba、Bi、Cd、Ca、Ce(III)、Cr(II)、Co、Cu、稀土金屬、Ga、Fe(II)、Pb、Mg、Mn、Hg、Ni、Ag、Sr、Tl(I)、Th、U、Y、及Zn。儘管並非每一組合經受測試,但據信,本文所揭示形成草酸鹽(與在高pH下之氫氧化物相對比)之金屬具有極低溶解度且因此會形成期望陶瓷粉末前體。
在藉由自溶液共沉澱各前體之混合物來製備陶瓷粉末前體之濕態化學方法中,少量沉澱劑及水通常會包含於產物沉澱之微孔及奈米孔內。類似地,少量沉澱劑及水亦會吸附於沉澱物產物表面上。在空氣中煅燒產物沉澱物期間,草酸根陰離子之約一般氧在其熱分解中變成混合型氧化物複合物之一部分且另一半與所有碳藉由氧化反應轉化成二氧化碳氣體。各種殘留物會熱分解並經氧化且因此完全轉化成氣態產物,例如,H2
O、NH3
、CO、CO2
、N2
、N2
O、NO、及NO2
、SO2
、或磷氧化物。該分解一般會施加於可選為助溶性螯合劑之2-羥基羧酸或其他有機化合物,如下文所述。
在一個實施例中,不需要洗滌沉澱粉末以去除殘留沉澱劑,此乃因該等草酸鎓鹽殘留物及其他殘留物會在煅燒步驟中完全揮發掉。然而,在某些實施例中,實施去離子(DI)水或蒸餾水洗滌步驟、或某一其他洗滌步驟。因此,藉由使用含有非金屬離子之二羧酸鎓鹽,可使水溶性水合金屬離子與螯合金屬離子物質按其比例量形成之水性溶液形成二羧酸鹽沉澱(例如,作為草酸鹽)並藉由煅燒使其在空氣中轉化成相應的金屬氧化物。經組合之陶瓷粉末前體因此形成期望陶瓷粉末。
與藉由不包括二羧酸鎓鹽作為沉澱劑之方法製造的其他等同陶瓷粉末相比,以此方式用高電容率煅燒陶瓷粉末前體製備陶瓷粉末產生具有諸如下述中之一種或多種改良性質的高純度陶瓷粉末:改良之粒度分佈、減小之粒度、減少之金屬雜質及改良之粒子形態、組合物勻質性、可控制化學計量、再分散性及化學穩定性。自此等煅燒之濕態化學品製得陶瓷粉末前體形成的陶瓷之微結構具有均勻的結晶粒度且亦可受益於較小結晶粒度。由於該陶瓷粉末之此等改良特性,電性質可能得以改良以便於可在使用本發明陶瓷粉末製造的物件中獲得較高相對電容率及增強之介電擊穿強度。倘若需要則可藉助後續熱等靜壓來消除經燒結陶瓷體內之空隙以達成進一步改良。在一個實施例中,由於本發明生產具有奈米級粒度之陶瓷粉末,因此不需要此等靜壓製來在最終陶瓷產品中獲得期望電性質。
在一個例示性實施例中,將前體金屬溶液混合及/或加熱(例如,加熱至80℃)。對每一期望陶瓷粉末前體提供成比例量之前體金屬(以重量%計)。
在一個例示性實施例中,在去離子水中製造適宜二羧酸鎓鹽(較前體金屬溶液中之金屬離子量所需之匹配量稍微過量)之單獨溶液並加熱至85℃-90℃。
在一個實施例中,該兩種溶液可藉由經同軸射流混合機同時抽送經加熱成份物料流來混合。產生共沉澱陶瓷粉末前體之漿液並過濾之,視情況用去離子水洗滌並乾燥。另一選擇為,可藉由離心沉降或某一其他技術來收集陶瓷粉末前體。該陶瓷粉末前體在適宜條件下(例如,在一介於約200℃至約1500℃間之溫度下、在空氣中、於適當矽玻璃(熔凝石英)託盤或管中)煅燒一段介於約1分鐘至約24小時間之時間以形成陶瓷粉末。在空氣中煅燒可改良非金屬(例如,C、H、N、O、S、P等)之分解速率。
在一個實施例中,陶瓷粉末前體在一介於約400℃至約1350℃間之溫度下煅燒一段介於約30分鐘至約24小時間之時間。在一個實施例中,陶瓷粉末前體係在介於約600℃至約1200℃間之溫度下煅燒。在一個實施例中,陶瓷粉末前體係在大於800℃之溫度下煅燒。注意:煅燒應在足以使陶瓷粉末前體中之金屬草酸鹽及任何金屬氫氧化物分解之溫度下實施,但不應太高以使陶瓷粉末粒子熔合在一起。因此,煅燒溫度應在如下範圍內:稍微高於陶瓷粉末前體分解成陶瓷粉末所需最小值至低於可使所得陶瓷粉末粒子熔合在一起(如可能會在後續燒結步驟中出現)之溫度。煅燒之時間及/或溫度可適度地按照需要加以調整以完全去除非金屬、使金屬草酸鹽及任何金屬氫氧化物完全轉化成金屬氧化物、及使該陶瓷粉末所包含各金屬氧化物反應完全。彼等熟習此項技術者可容易地確定適當的煅燒時間。
在一個實施例中,自煅燒步驟所獲得陶瓷粉末接下來經燒結以在基板上形成陶瓷物件或結構。如業內所知,在燒結之前,可形成具有適合期望陶瓷物件結構之大小、形狀及/或結構之經適當模塑或成型生坯。在一個實施例中,在介於約1000℃至約3000℃間之溫度下實施燒結。在一個實施例中,在介於約1500℃至約2500℃間之溫度下實施燒結。燒結可實施適當時間段,例如,一段介於約1分鐘至約24小時間之時間。燒結時間可由彼等熟習此項技術者根據擬燒結材料及期望燒結產品來容易地確定。
在一個實施例中,該產品用於製作諸如揭示於美國專利第7,033,406 B2號中者等電能儲存單元,其包括闡明如何可在電能儲存單元中使用諸如依據本發明所獲得者等陶瓷粉末。關於其他詳情,可參見美國專利第7,033,406 B2號之揭示內容,尤其係其中與製作電能儲存單元有關之教示內容,且該案件之全文以引用方式併入本文中。
圖1係闡明本發明之陶瓷粉末加工技術的流程圖。該方法始於步驟100。在步驟110中,適當前體材料(例如,可溶性螯合物及其他前體)提供於溶液中。接下來,在步驟120中,提供二羧酸鎓鹽沉澱劑。該兩種材料隨後在步驟130中經組合以藉由共沉澱反應形成期望陶瓷粉末前體。當該陶瓷粉末前體形成後,可在步驟140中使用適宜分離裝置及技術自形成該陶瓷粉末前體之溶液分離該陶瓷粉末前體。可採用其他沉澱後步驟,包括:視情況如在步驟150中洗滌該陶瓷粉末前體,視情況在步驟160(不管是否實施可選洗滌步驟150均可實施該步驟)中乾燥該陶瓷粉末前體並按照在步驟170中所示煅燒陶瓷粉末前體以形成陶瓷粉末。當完成步驟170時完成形成陶瓷粉末之過程。在一個實施例中,此後陶瓷粉末形成生坯(未示出)且隨後經燒結以形成陶瓷物件,如在步驟180中所示。該方法終止於步驟190。
在一個實施例中,該兩種成份物料流,一種含有所有金屬離子複合物前體之水性溶液且另一種含有二羧酸鎓鹽之水性溶液,一起在提供高湍流能量環境之射流柱中同時並連續地反應。可將該等成份物料流加熱至(例如)介於約65℃至約110℃間之溫度,且在一個實施例中,加熱至約85℃。該等前體之市售及特別製造的飽和或接近飽和水性溶液之總體積通常大於二羧酸鎓鹽水性溶液之總體積。在此情形中一般對該噴射流體柱有兩種選擇:(1)將前者流速調整至按比例地大於後者流速,藉由對該兩種物料流施加相同的驅動壓力來保持該等物料流速相等,但其中前者之噴嘴橫截面積按比例地大於後者噴嘴之橫截面積;且(2)1體積之後者用成比例體積之DI水加以稀釋,藉此降低沉澱劑濃度。當兩種物料流之體積相等、噴嘴相似且所施加驅動壓力相同時,流速相等。然而,所處理液體之量一般大於第一選項之量。該第一選項具有最小化處理液體之量及DI水用量之顯著優點。此等射流柱混合技術之實例闡述於美國專利第5,087,437號中。關於其他詳情,可參見美國專利第5,087,437號,尤其係其中與射流柱混合技術有關之教示內容,且該案件以引用方式併入本文中。
在其他實施例中,可使用其他技術及裝置來組合該等成份物料流,舉例而言:(1)將一個容器中之一種溶液注入另一容器中之另一溶液中並使用機械混合或超音波混合,並(2)計量一個容器中之溶液在某一既定流速下進入另一容器中之另一溶液中的量並使用機械混合或超音波混合。許多其他混合技術為彼等熟習此項技術者所熟知。
本發明提供一種對先前共沉澱方法之顯著改進。舉例而言,當使用單獨的強鹼氫氧化物作為沉澱劑時,產生凝膠狀非晶型水合氫氧化物。此等沉澱物可能難以過濾,例如,堵塞濾筒,但亦需要在母液中長時間回流,通常在93℃下、在大氣壓下回流8小時至12小時以使密度增加並轉換至結晶態。
與使用強鹼氫氧化物或草酸銨作為沉澱劑相關之此等問題可藉由依據本發明選擇二羧酸鎓鹽作為沉澱劑來避免。作為沉澱劑,二羧酸鎓鹽具有藉由在陶瓷粉末前體之空氣中煅燒步驟期間轉化成氣態產物而被熱分解掉及氧化掉之優點。
與水合氫氧化物沉澱物不同,本發明之草酸鹽沉澱物,即,陶瓷粉末前體,當在(例如)85℃、大氣壓下於水性溶液中形成時會實質上結晶、可容易地過濾、在烘箱中於(例如)85℃下容易地迅速乾燥且隨後藉由在空氣中、於火爐矽玻璃(熔凝石英)管中、在環境溫度至約1500℃下煅燒轉化成期望氧化物(或混合氧化物)陶瓷粉末,在一個實施例中,在約800℃下煅燒。此等溫度係實例且用稍低溫度亦可獲得類似結果。在一個實施例中,為了避免該二羧酸鹽共沉澱在後續烘箱乾燥期間出現不期望分解,約100℃至約160℃之溫度足矣且應避免顯著升高的溫度。在一個實施例中,將乾燥溫度維持在約85℃-90℃下且在另一實施例中,該乾燥溫度係約120℃。
與鹼金屬氫氧化物不同,本發明之二羧酸鎓鹽不會對粉末產物造成難以去除諸如鈉離子或鉀離子等金屬離子的污染。
與草酸銨方法不同,當使用本發明之二羧酸鎓鹽時,可方便地將pH調整至期望高範圍及維持穩定一致的pH,且所獲得結果甚佳。當使用銨離子時,氨可因蒸發而自溶液丟失,因此造成溶液pH飄忽不定,因此必須頻繁地監測pH並定期地補償之以維持期望pH。另外,所蒸發氨會產生難聞的氣味並造成額外的環境問題。對於基於鎓鹽之溶液而言,使用(例如)氫氧化鎓調整溶液的pH不會出現此等問題,其中鎓離子對應於二羧酸鎓鹽中所用之離子。
本發明之一個重要特徵在於所揭示方法可形成具有單一鈣鈦礦相之陶瓷粉末,其中該組合物在鈣鈦礦相中含有單一複合物(例如,Bax
Sr(1-x)
TiO3
),此與含有各成份之複合物的混合物或並非所有成份均在單一複合物中之混合物(例如,BaTiO3
與SrTiO3
之混合物)不同,該等混合物在煅燒時所產生的陶瓷粉末並不合意且不為可藉由本發明獲得者。
本發明之二羧酸鎓鹽一般較諸如草酸銨等先前技術化合物更易溶解,該等先前技術化合物不易溶於水中。舉例而言,草酸銨在20℃下之溶解度係約0.3586M,或在水中之溶解度係約4.25%。相比之下,四甲基草酸銨在20℃下之溶解度係約2.65M,或在水中之溶解度係約62.6%。二羧酸鎓鹽之此較高溶解度使其能夠在較濃溶液中工作且因此產生較少廢物。
當使用上述二羧酸鎓鹽溶液作為沉澱劑實施共沉澱反應時,在一個實施例中,粉末粒度分佈範圍較先前努力所獲得者減小約40%或更多,且該粉末可自由地流動。藉由粉末在透明塑性或玻璃容器中之移動來觀察自由流動粉末的特性。在一個實施例中,粉末粒度明顯地減小且粒子形狀較為均勻。在一個實施例中,粉末粒度較先前努力所獲得者減小約40%或更多。由於使用高度純化之低濃度二羧酸金屬鎓鹽,所得粉末之金屬離子污染程度大大地降低。
因此,將所得漿液自混合容器轉移至過濾或分離裝置。可使用多種裝置及技術來實施沉澱物自液相分離及沉澱物隔離,包括:習知過濾、真空過濾、離心分離、沈積、噴霧乾燥、冷凍乾燥、或諸如此類。經過濾粉末隨後可按照需要經受各種洗滌、乾燥及煅燒步驟。
在一個實施例中,本發明之方法可用於製備可用作介電質之陶瓷粉末。在一個例示性實施例中,陶瓷粉末包含摻雜之鋇-鈣-鋯-鈦酸鹽。在一個實施例中,摻雜之鋇-鈣-鋯-鈦酸鹽包含具有通式VI之組成:
其中在式(VI)中,A=Ag、A'=Dy、Er、Ho、Y、Yb或Ga;D=Nd、Pr、Sm、或Gd;D'=Nb或Mo;;;;;;;;,如在美國專利第6,078,494號中所揭示,關於其他詳情可參見該案件,該案件之全文以引用方式併入本文中。此專利含有與使用此等陶瓷粉末作為形成多層電容器之介電材料相關的教示內容。
在一個實施例中,本發明之方法可用於自陶瓷粉末製備高-K介電材料。可依據本發明製備各種高-K介電材料,包括(例如)矽酸鋯、矽酸鉿、氧化鑭(La2
O3
)、氧化鉿(HfO2
)、氧化鋯(ZrO2
)、氧化鈰(CeO2
)、矽酸鉍(bismuth silicon oxide)(Bi4
Si2
O12
)、二氧化鈦(TiO2
)、氧化鉭(Ta2
O5
)、氧化鎢(WO3
)、氧化釔(Y2
O3
)、LaAlO3
、BST(Ba1-x
Srx
TiO3
)、PbTiO3
、BaTiO3
、SiTiO3
、PbZrO3
、PST(PbScx
Ta1-x
O3
)、PZN(PbZnx
Nb1-x
O3
)、PZT(PbZrx
Ti1-x
O3
)、PMN(PbMgx
Nb1-x
O3
)及其混合物及組合。混合物及組合涵蓋該等前體可經組合並共沉澱以提供用於生產在任何兩種或更多種上述高-K介電材料中所用陶瓷粉末之陶瓷粉末前體。除了上述高-K介電材料外,其他介電材料可組合於任何上述高-K介電材料之任一組合中。此等其他介電材料可包括(例如)二氧化矽、氮化矽、氧氮化矽及氧化鋁中之一者或多者。上述高-K介電材料及其組合可(例如)作為絕緣層(例如,作為閘極氧化物層)等用於半導體裝置。注意:上述材料可稱作高-K介電材料,但此等材料具有多種用途且本文揭示內容並不限於使用此等材料作為高-K介電材料,而是亦可與其他用途有關。
在一個實施例中,本發明之方法可用於製備諸如SrBi2
Ta2
O9
等陶瓷粉末。
在一個實施例中,本發明之方法可用於製備具有如下通式之陶瓷粉末:
(Lna
Xb
)e
(Z1 c
Z2 d
)f
Og
其中Ln係選自Y、La及鑭系元素,或此等與X之組合亦表示佔據鈣鈦礦型氧化物A位點之元素且係選自Sr、Ca及Ba,且Z1
及Z2
表示佔據鈣鈦礦型氧化物B位點之不同元素且係選自Cr、Mn、Mg及Fe,且其中a具有自0至1之值,較佳為0.7至1.0,b具有自1至0之值,較佳為0.3至0,且c及d各自具有自0.25至0.75之值,限制條件為a+b具有1之值,且c+d具有1之值,且其中e具有自0.8至1之值,其中f具有自0.8至1之值,且g具有自2.5至3.2之值,如在美國專利第7,504,172 B2號中所揭示。
在一個實施例中,本發明之方法可用於製備陶瓷粉末,該等陶瓷粉末係具有鈣鈦礦晶體結構且具有通式ABO3
之鐵電型材料且藉由諸如揭示於美國專利第5,908,802號中者等鋯鈦酸鉛[Pb(Zr1-x
Tix
)O3
(PZT)家族例示,關於其他詳情可參見該案件,該案件之全文以引用方式併入本文中。本發明含有與使用此等鐵電型材料(包括該等鐵電型陶瓷材料)以形成裝置有關之教示內容。眾所周知,PT,鈦酸鉛亦為鐵電型材料。各種陽離子可替換為PZT前體材料中之各元素以形成其他鐵電型材料。A位點陽離子鑭及鋇可替換為另一A位點陽離子鉛。鈮、鉍、鎂、銅、及錫可替換為B位點陽離子鋯或鈦中之任一者。因此,舉例而言,可添加鑭或鋇以分別產生PLZT或PBZT。可向一般PZT前體材料中添加鈮以形成PNZT前體材料。另一選擇為,可向PZT前體材料中添加錫、鉍、鎂及銅。依據本發明方法,所述金屬陽離子之任一組合可替換為鉛、鋯及鈦以產生呈陶瓷粉末形式之鐵電型材料。
在一個實施例中,本發明之方法可用於製備如在美國專利公開申請案第2006/0018815號中所揭示含有一種或多種稀土元素物質及一種或多種過渡金屬元素並具有通式RTO3
之鈣鈦礦複合型氧化物,關於其他詳情可參見該案件,該案件之全文以引用方式併入本文中。本發明含有與使用此等鈣鈦礦複合型氧化物有關之教示內容。舉例而言,在一個實施例中,在通式RTO3
鈣鈦礦複合型氧化物中,R可由一種或多種稀土元素物質構成且T可由一種或多種過渡金屬元素構成。在其他實施例中,R可由一種或多種稀土元素物質構成且一個或多個成員選自包含鹼金屬元素及鹼土金屬元素之群組且T可由一種或多種過渡金屬元素構成。構成R之稀土元素物質可為但不特定限於Y、La、Ce、Nd、Sm、Pr或諸如此類、及其組合。構成T之過渡金屬元素物質可為但不特定限於Co、Fe、Ni、Mn、Cu、Cr、V、Nb、Ti、Zr、Pt、Pd、Ru、Rh、Au、Ag或諸如此類、及其組合。可構成R之除稀土元素物質外之元素可為以部分代替稀土元素物質之方式納入的例示性鹼金屬元素及鹼土金屬元素。此等元素包括Li、K、Na、Mg、Sr、Ca、Ba及其組合。
在一個實施例中,有用的原子係彼等存於ABOx
鈣鈦礦材料中者,其中B位點可為Ti、Zr、Hf、Ta、Nb、Mo、W、V或P中之一者或多者,且其中相應的BOx
可稱作鈦酸鹽、鋯酸鹽、鉿酸鹽、鉭酸鹽、鈮酸鹽、鉬酸鹽、鎢酸鹽、釩酸鹽、錫酸鹽及磷酸鹽。儘管瞭解到P不為金屬,但依據本發明可使用類似於BOx
離子之磷酸鹽。
在一個實施例中,本發明之方法可用於製備錒系元素氧化物,具體而言,係用於核反應堆之鈾及鈈,如在美國專利第7,169,370號中所揭示,該案件含有與獲得共沉澱錒系元素(特定言之,係呈氧化態(IV))有關之教示內容。關於其他詳情可參見美國專利第7,169,370號且其與共沉澱錒系元素有關之教示內容以引用方式併入本文中。
在一個實施例中,本發明之方法可用於製備具有如下經驗式之鍶鉍鈮鉭酸鹽:
SrBi2+E
(Nbx
Ta2-x
)O9+3E/2
其中E係表示介於0至2間之鉍化學計量過量之數字;x係表示介於0.01至0.9間之鈮量的數字。在一個實施例中,X介於0.4至0.8之間且在另一實施例中,X介於0.5至0.6之間且在一個實施例中,係0.56。E可介於0至2之間且在一個實施例中,介於0.1至0.3之間且在一個實施例中,係0.18。此等化合物更全面地揭示於美國專利第5,784,310號,關於其他詳情可參見該案件且該案件與此等化合物及其製備有關之教示內容以引用方式併入本文中。
在一個實施例中,本發明之方法可用於製備橄欖型LiFePO4
,其可摻雜有少量離子(例如,Mg2+
、Cu2+
及Zn2+
)以改良電導率。此等化合物最近被確認為可能適用作鋰離子電池之電極材料的材料。
在一個實施例中,本發明之方法可用於製備諸如LiMn2
O4
及LiCoO2
等可用於二級鋰離子電池之嵌入式化合物。
在另一實施例中,本發明之方法可用於製備具有下式之氧化物:
La2
Cox
Sn2-x
O7-δ
其中x介於約0.05至約0.5之間且δ反映由Co摻雜量產生的化學計量差異。此等化合物揭示於Cheng等人,「Catalytic combustion of methane over cobalt doped lanthanum stannate pyrochlore oxide」,Catalysis Communications,第9卷,第5期,2008年3月20日,第690-695頁中。
如本文所揭示,與藉由先前技術方法所製造的陶瓷粉末相比,本發明之方法可用於提供諸多具有諸如下述中之一種或多種改良性質的陶瓷粉末:改良之粒度分佈、減小之粒度、減少之金屬雜質及改良之粒子形態、改良之組合物均勻性、改良之化學計量控制、改良之再分散性及增強之化學穩定性。
混合物中之各粉末愈精細,則各粉末之粒子面容比愈高。此意味著當發生固態-固態擴散時各粉末具有較大表面積/單位重量。進而言之,在高溫(例如,煅燒溫度)下花費較長時間會產生較為令人滿意的最終產品。
按照本文所述製備陶瓷粉末可產生具有狹窄粒度分佈及較小結晶粒度之高純度粉末。由此等煅燒之濕態化學製得粉末所形成陶瓷之微結構的結晶粒度均勻。使用此等陶瓷粉末所產生陶瓷物件之電性質受到改良以便於可獲得較高相對電容率及增強之介電擊穿強度。
可藉由適宜程序(例如,藉由雷射粒度分析儀)來測定該陶瓷粉末產物之粒度及粒度分佈。適宜雷射粒度分析儀係CoulterTM
LS230雷射粒度分析儀。此儀器可量測低達約0.04μm(40nm)之粒度。可藉助掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)來測定更小粒度。
在一個實施例中,當依據本發明製造的陶瓷粉末用作介電材料時,該介電材料呈現實質改良之介電擊穿電壓。測試介電擊穿電壓之適宜方法係ASTM D149-97a(2004),「Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies」。吾人認為改良介電擊穿電壓係歸因於下述中之一者或多者:由鹼金屬離子造成的污染減少、所獲得粒度減少、粒度分佈改良及顯著減小、及/或可藉助諸如可自SACHEM公司購得之四甲基草酸銨等高度純化草酸鎓鹽獲得的純度改良。
在一個實施例中,依據本發明製造的陶瓷粉末前體在煅燒以形成陶瓷粉末前未經研磨。在一個實施例中,依據本發明製造的陶瓷粉末在該陶瓷粉末經燒結以形成陶瓷物件前未經研磨。眾所周知,諸如球磨等研磨操作可對陶瓷粉末前體及/或具有製造磨料之材料的陶瓷粉末造成污染,進而增加對最終陶瓷物件的污染。
藉由使用四甲基草酸銨(實例1)與草酸銨(比較實例1)作為沉澱劑使鋇-鍶鈦氧基草酸鹽沉澱製備的鋇-鍶鈦酸鹽(BST)粉末:製備含有0.060M硝酸鋇、0.040M硝酸鍶、及0.10M二(2-羥基丙酸)二氫氧化二銨合鈦(IV)(dihydroxybis(ammonium lactato)titanium(IV))之水性溶液。此可溶性鋇、鍶及鈦鹽儲備溶液係用於實例1及比較實例1之「溶液A」。
使用四甲基草酸銨作為沉澱劑製備BST粉末(Ba0.6
Sr0.4
TiO3
)。
製備0.25M四甲基草酸銨之水性溶液。使用10%四甲基氫氧化銨之水性溶液來將此溶液之pH調整至9.2。此係「溶液B1」。
稱量1,000克溶液B1(0.25莫耳四甲基草酸銨)並將其裝入4公升Pyrex燒杯中。將該燒杯置於配備有用於溫度控制之溫度傳感器的加熱盤上且溫度傳感器及pH探測器均置於該溶液中。將塗覆有Teflon聚合物之機械式攪拌槳葉置於溶液中心,距離燒杯底部約1公分。
稱量1,000克溶液A(上文所述)並將其裝入2公升Teflon分液漏斗中。將該漏斗置於一個環架中,使該漏斗之尖端位於Pyrex燒杯中溶液B1表面之上方。
在機械攪拌器設定為500RPM時,將此溶液加熱至80℃。以約1滴/秒之速率自該分液漏斗添加溶液A。藉由添加10%四甲基氫氧化銨之水性溶液來定時地調整該溶液之pH以在添加溶液A之整個過程中維持在pH 9.0。在開始添加溶液A後近乎立刻開始形成白色沉澱。在1個小時20分鐘後完成溶液A至溶液B1添加。將此混合物在攪拌時於80℃下再蒸煮1.5個小時。在1.5小時蒸煮結束時,關閉加熱盤並使該混合物冷卻至室溫且關閉攪拌器。用Parafilm覆蓋該燒杯且在無干擾時靜置2天。在2天後,使白色沉澱物重新懸浮且將此漿液在1加侖聚乙烯罐中儲存。此漿液之最終pH係9.13。
稱量出部分此漿液並將其裝入離心管中且離心1小時。隨後經由0.2微米聚丙烯唧筒過濾器過濾所得上清液。保存此上清液以供分析。將來自離心管之固體團塊在強制通風烘箱中於120℃下乾燥過夜。保存一部分此乾燥鋇-鍶鈦氧基草酸鹽(BSTO)前體以供進一步特徵分析。
將其餘BSTO粉末置於Thermolyne型47900電火爐中並在800℃下加熱4小時。使所得鋇-鍶鈦酸鹽(BST)粉末冷卻過夜且隨後裝入瓶中以供特徵分析。
製備0.25M草酸銨之水性溶液。使用28-30%氫氧化銨溶液將此溶液之pH調整至9.2。此係「溶液B2」。
稱量1,000克溶液B2(0.25M草酸銨)並將其裝入4公升Pyrex燒杯中。將該燒杯置於配備有用於溫度控制之溫度傳感器的加熱盤上。溫度傳感器及pH探測器均置於該溶液中。將塗覆有Teflon聚合物之機械式攪拌槳葉置於溶液中心,距離燒杯底部約1公分。該溶液之pH在添加任一溶液A之前立即開始下降且氨氣味明顯;此等作用係歸因於氨自該溶液蒸發。
稱量1,000克溶液A並將其裝入2公升Teflon分液漏斗中。將該漏斗置於一個環架中,使該漏斗之尖端位於Pyrex燒杯中溶液B2表面之上方。
在機械攪拌器設定為500RPM時,將此溶液加熱至80℃。使用28-30%氫氧化銨水性溶液將此溶液之pH調整至9.0。以約1滴/秒之速率自該分液漏斗添加溶液A。定時地調整該溶液之pH以在添加溶液A之整個過程中維持在pH 9.0(鑒於氨損失,此添加需要較實例1中所用TMAH更加頻繁)。在開始添加溶液A後近乎立刻開始形成白色沉澱。在約1個小時後完成溶液A至溶液B2添加。將此混合物在攪拌時於80℃下再蒸煮1.5個小時。在1.5小時蒸煮結束時,關閉加熱盤並使該混合物冷卻至室溫且關閉攪拌器。用Parafilm覆蓋該燒杯且在無干擾時靜置2天。在2天後,使白色沉澱物重新懸浮且將此漿液在1加侖聚乙烯罐中儲存。此漿液之最終pH係9.07。
稱量出部分此漿液並將其裝入離心管中且離心1小時。隨後經由0.2微米聚丙烯唧筒過濾器過濾所得上清液並保存之以供分析。將來自離心管之固體團塊在強制通風烘箱中於120℃下乾燥過夜。保存一部分此乾燥鋇-鍶鈦氧基草酸鹽(BSTO)前體以供進一步特徵分析。將其餘BSTO粉末置於Thermolyne型47900電火爐中並在800℃下加熱4小時。使所得鋇-鍶鈦酸鹽(BST)粉末冷卻過夜且隨後裝入瓶中以供特徵分析。
分析自實例1及比較實例1獲得的產物。結果提供於下文中。
圖2係顯示依據本發明及先前技術製造的沉澱物在30-33° 2θ下之繞射強度的X-射線繞射掃描圖。圖2繪示依據本發明在實例1中製備的Bax
Sr(1-x)
TiO3
試樣及依據先前技術在比較實例1中製備的Bax
Sr(1.x)
TiO3
試樣在30-33° 2θ區中之X-射線繞射圖案(110反射)。如在圖2中所示,實例1,當依據本發明實施例使用TMA草酸鹽進行製備時,在鈦酸鹽繞射圖案中X-射線繞射顯示Bax
Sr(1-x)
TiO3
之單一繞射峰(110反射)。依據Roeder等人(J. Am Ceram Soc 82[7]1665-75(1999),此與具有大致Ba0.85
Sr0.15
TiO3
組成之單一相(Ba,Sr)鈦酸鹽符合。如Roeder等人所注意,純淨BaTiO3
相在31.49°(2θ)下具有最大峰值且純淨SrTiO3
相克可在32.3°下具有最大峰值。在實例1中所製備(Ba,Sr)鈦酸鹽中並未觀測到此等峰之跡象。此表明TMA草酸鹽沉澱已成功地將Ba、Sr及Ti組合於單一鈣鈦礦相中。如在圖2中所示,當依據先前技術在比較實例1中使用草酸銨進行製備時,X-射線繞射僅顯示痕量鈣鈦礦相。此表明:在先前技術方法中,可獲得極少量含有「真正的」鋇鍶鈦酸鹽之鈣鈦礦相(倘若存在)。此與本發明之實例1方法形成明顯的對比,其中觀測到X-射線繞射圖案與Bax
Sr(1-x)
TiO3
之單一鈣鈦礦相一致。
在下文中,使用Malvern ZetasizerNano ZS-90粒度量測儀器量測粒度分佈。圖3-6係平均粒度及粒度分佈(報告為PDI,多分散性指數)之圖表。圖3及圖4係顯示依據本發明及先前技術製造的沉澱物之平均粒度及粒度範圍分佈的圖表。圖5及圖6係顯示依據本發明及先前技術製造的再分散沉澱物之平均粒度及粒度範圍分佈的圖表。
BST草酸鹽粉末自草酸銨及TMA草酸鹽沉澱之產物顯示粒度分佈明顯不同,如在表1以及圖3-6中所示。比較實例1沉澱物之平均粒度小於實例1沉澱物之平均粒度:937nm比2165nm。然而,比較實例1沉澱物之粒度分佈(PDI)較實例1沉澱物之PDI更為寬闊:0.243比0.036。參見圖3及圖4。如業內所知,含有具有較窄粒度分佈之粒子的漿液具有明顯的過濾及加工優勢且具有更加均勻的沉降速率等。
在乾燥後,TMA製備的BST草酸鹽粉末可再分散並顯示平均粒度稍微有所增加。BST草酸銨粉末在再分散時平均粒度顯示近乎4x增加。此效應示於圖5及圖6中。
範圍內之特定粒度之粒子相對數目的量度。
藉由直流等離子體(DCP)使用Beckman SpectraSpanIV分析來自實例1及比較實例1之上清液溶液的鋇、鍶及鈦。此等金屬在該上清液中之殘留量為使用相應沉澱劑之沉澱過程提供相對效率量度。吾人認為上清液液體之金屬含量愈低,則反應及沉澱過程之效率愈高。
如自上清液液體之金屬含量可見,在此實例中使用二羧酸鎓鹽、四甲基草酸銨可顯著地降低該上清液之金屬含量。此表明依據本發明實施例在實例1中可達成較藉助比較實例1之先前技術方法所獲得者更為完全之反應及更為有效之沉澱。
儘管已根據某些實施例對本發明進行了圖示說明及描述,但在閱讀及理解本說明書及附圖後,熟習此項技術者會發現等效的變化形式及修改形式。具體就由上述整體(組件、組合件、裝置、組成、步驟等)所實施之各種功能而言,除非另有指示,否則用於描述該等整體之術語(包括對「構件」之引用)意欲對應於任一實施所述整體之規定功能的整體(即,功能上等效的整體),即使其在結構上並不等同於在本文所闡明本發明說明性例示性實施例中執行該功能之揭示結構。另外,儘管上文可能僅參照若干說明性實施例中之一者或多者闡述了本發明之一個特定特徵,但此特徵可與其他實施例之一個或多個其他特徵組合,此對於任一既定或特定應用而言可能為合意及有利的。
100‧‧‧步驟
110‧‧‧步驟
120‧‧‧步驟
130‧‧‧步驟
140‧‧‧步驟
150‧‧‧步驟
160‧‧‧步驟
170‧‧‧步驟
180‧‧‧步驟
190‧‧‧步驟
圖1係一個本發明實施例之過程的示意性流程圖。
圖2係顯示依據本發明及先前技術製造的沉澱物在2θ 30-33°下之繞射強度的X-射線繞射掃描圖。
圖3及圖4係顯示依據本發明及先前技術製造的沉澱物之平均粒度及粒度分佈範圍的圖表。
圖5及圖6係顯示依據本發明及先前技術製造的再分散沉澱物之平均粒度及粒度分佈範圍的圖表。
應理解,上文所述方法步驟及結構未必形成自金屬前體生產終端可用陶瓷材料之完整過程流程。本發明可結合業內目前所用組合物及加工技術來實踐且本文僅納入了彼等為理解本發明所需的常用方法步驟。
(無元件符號說明)
Claims (11)
- 一種生產陶瓷粉末之方法,其包含:提供複數種呈溶液之前體材料,其中該複數種呈溶液之前體材料各自進一步包含至少一種構成陶瓷粉末之離子物質;將該複數種呈溶液之前體材料與二羧酸鎓鹽沉澱劑溶液組合在一起以使陶瓷粉末前體在所組合溶液中共沉澱;及自該組合溶液分離該陶瓷粉末前體,其中該二羧酸鎓鹽包含具有通式(III)之三級鋶鹽:
- 一種生產陶瓷粉末之方法,其包含:提供複數種呈溶液之前體材料,其中該複數種呈溶液 之前體材料各自進一步包含至少一種構成陶瓷粉末之離子物質;將該複數種呈溶液之前體材料與二羧酸鎓鹽沉澱劑溶液組合在一起以使陶瓷粉末前體在所組合溶液中共沉澱;及自該組合溶液分離該陶瓷粉末前體,其中該二羧酸鎓鹽包含具有通式(IV)之三級氧化鋶鹽:
- 一種生產陶瓷粉末之方法,其包含:提供複數種呈溶液之前體材料,其中該複數種呈溶液之前體材料各自進一步包含至少一種構成陶瓷粉末之離子物質; 將該複數種呈溶液之前體材料與二羧酸鎓鹽沉澱劑溶液組合在一起以使陶瓷粉末前體在所組合溶液中共沉澱;及自該組合溶液分離該陶瓷粉末前體,其中該二羧酸鎓鹽包含具有通式(V)之咪唑鎓鹽:
- 一種生產陶瓷粉末之方法,其包含:提供複數種呈溶液之前體材料,其中該複數種呈溶液之前體材料各自進一步包含至少一種構成陶瓷粉末之離子物質;將該複數種呈溶液之前體材料與二羧酸鎓鹽沉澱劑溶液組合在一起以使陶瓷粉末前體在所組合溶液中共沉澱;及自該組合溶液分離該陶瓷粉末前體,其中該二羧酸鎓鹽包含四甲基草酸銨及第二草酸鎓 鹽,其中該第二鎓鹽具有通式(II):
- 如請求項4之方法,其中該二羧酸鎓鹽包含下述中之一者或多者:草酸鹽、丙二酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、戊二酸鹽、己二酸鹽、碳酸鹽、馬來酸鹽、富馬酸鹽、鄰苯二甲酸鹽、間苯二甲酸鹽及對苯二甲酸鹽。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中該等前體材料包含下述中之一者或兩者或更多者之組合的離子:Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Al、Si、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Tc、Ru、Rh、Th、Pd、Ag、Cd、In、Sn、Sb、Si、La、Hf、Ta、W、Re、Os、Ir、Pt、Tl、Pb、Bi、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Dy、Er、Ho、Er、Tm、Tb、Th、Pa、U、Np及Pu。
- 如請求項4之方法,其進一步包含煅燒該陶瓷粉末前體以形成陶瓷粉末。
- 如請求項7之方法,其中該煅燒係在介於約200℃至約1500℃間之溫度下實施一段介於約1分鐘至約24小時間之時間。
- 如請求項7之方法,其進一步包含在該煅燒後燒結該陶瓷粉末。
- 如請求項9之方法,其中該燒結係在介於約1000℃至約3000℃間之溫度下實施一段介於約1分鐘至約24小時間之時間。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中該陶瓷粉末與藉由不包括該二羧酸鎓鹽作為沉澱劑之方法製造的陶瓷粉末相比呈現至少一種改良性質,包含下述中之一者或多者:改良之粒度分佈、減小之粒度、減少之金屬雜質及改良之粒子形態、改良之組合物均勻性、改良之化學計量控制、改良之再分散性及增強之化學穩定性。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US4217308P | 2008-04-03 | 2008-04-03 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW200948747A TW200948747A (en) | 2009-12-01 |
TWI380970B true TWI380970B (zh) | 2013-01-01 |
Family
ID=41132522
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW098111301A TWI380970B (zh) | 2008-04-03 | 2009-04-03 | 使用二羧酸鎓鹽製備高級陶瓷粉末之方法 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7867471B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2274255B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5689790B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101551853B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102046562B (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2396131T3 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1156593A1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI380970B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2010011373A2 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8853116B2 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2014-10-07 | Eestor, Inc. | Method of preparing ceramic powders |
EP2401227A4 (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2013-04-03 | Eestor Inc | REACTION VESSEL AND HYDROTHERMIC PROCESSING FOR WET CHEMICAL CO PRECIPITATION OF OXID POWDER |
JP5729679B2 (ja) * | 2010-07-07 | 2015-06-03 | Toto株式会社 | 熱電変換材料およびその製造方法 |
RU2486161C2 (ru) * | 2010-12-13 | 2013-06-27 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Дагестанский государственный университет | СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ МАТЕРИАЛОВ НА ОСНОВЕ Y(ВахВе1-x)2Cu3O7-δ |
CN103459351B (zh) * | 2010-12-28 | 2015-11-25 | 维尔科材料有限公司 | 基于碳化硼的材料和其制造工艺 |
CN106115777A (zh) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-11-16 | 南开大学 | 一种二氧化钛超薄纳米页的制备方法及其在锂离子电池中的应用 |
CN108623311B (zh) * | 2018-07-05 | 2020-08-25 | 何莉 | 一种功能陶瓷生产装置 |
CN108658609B (zh) * | 2018-07-05 | 2020-10-23 | 何莉 | 一种功能陶瓷块材生产装置 |
CN109437930B (zh) * | 2018-12-13 | 2021-07-02 | 云南大学 | 烧结助剂的均匀分散方法及该烧结助剂在此方法中的运用 |
WO2021010368A1 (ja) * | 2019-07-16 | 2021-01-21 | 日本化学工業株式会社 | Me元素置換有機酸バリウムチタニル、その製造方法及びチタン系ペロブスカイト型セラミック原料粉末の製造方法 |
JP7438867B2 (ja) | 2019-07-16 | 2024-02-27 | 日本化学工業株式会社 | Me元素置換有機酸バリウムチタニル、その製造方法及びチタン系ペロブスカイト型セラミック原料粉末の製造方法 |
US20230122914A1 (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2023-04-20 | Nuscale Power, Llc | Methods of manufacturing structures from coated metal grain materials, such as for use in nuclear reactor systems, and related structures and systems |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63307102A (ja) * | 1987-06-05 | 1988-12-14 | Tama Kagaku Kogyo Kk | 共沈によるセラミックス原料の調整法 |
TWI232211B (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2005-05-11 | Starck H C Gmbh Co Kg | Process for the preparation of powder mixtures or composite powders |
Family Cites Families (55)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3215572A (en) | 1963-10-09 | 1965-11-02 | Papell Solomon Stephen | Low viscosity magnetic fluid obtained by the colloidal suspension of magnetic particles |
US4019994A (en) | 1975-08-28 | 1977-04-26 | Georgia-Pacific Corporation | Process for the preparation of aqueous magnetic material suspensions |
JPS55154321A (en) | 1979-05-21 | 1980-12-01 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Manufacture of magnetic oxide particle |
FR2461521A1 (fr) | 1979-07-20 | 1981-02-06 | Anvar | Fluides magnetiques, notamment ferrofluides, et procede pour leur obtention |
DE3378530D1 (en) | 1982-08-13 | 1988-12-29 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Process for the preparation of dispersions and gels |
US4618717A (en) * | 1984-09-17 | 1986-10-21 | Texaco Inc. | Catalytic process for the production of primary amines from oxyethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers |
US4619817A (en) | 1985-03-27 | 1986-10-28 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Hydrothermal method for producing stabilized zirconia |
JPH0812274B2 (ja) * | 1987-03-11 | 1996-02-07 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 溶媒からの不純物除去方法 |
JPS63270348A (ja) | 1987-04-30 | 1988-11-08 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | セラミツクス超電導体の製造法 |
US5149682A (en) | 1987-09-11 | 1992-09-22 | W. R. Grace & Co. -Conn. | Manufacturing method for superconducting ceramics and products thereof |
US5023067A (en) * | 1987-09-11 | 1991-06-11 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Manufacturing method for ceramics and products thereof |
US4804649A (en) | 1987-10-16 | 1989-02-14 | Akzo America Inc. | Alkaline oxalate precipitation process for forming metal oxide ceramic superconductors |
US5087437A (en) | 1988-01-15 | 1992-02-11 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for preparing crystalline mixed metal oxides |
US5002926A (en) | 1988-02-12 | 1991-03-26 | W. R. Grace & Co.- Conn. | Ceramic composition |
US4839339A (en) | 1988-02-25 | 1989-06-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Superconductor precursor mixtures made by precipitation method |
US4877041A (en) * | 1988-08-08 | 1989-10-31 | Barnhouse Robert L | Cigarette substitute for smoking cessation |
US5082811A (en) | 1990-02-28 | 1992-01-21 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Ceramic dielectric compositions and method for enhancing dielectric properties |
US5407618A (en) | 1990-08-13 | 1995-04-18 | The Boeing Company | Method for producing ceramic oxide compounds |
US5252314A (en) | 1990-11-30 | 1993-10-12 | Case Western Reserve University | Method for producing coprecipitated multicomponent oxide powder precursors using guanidine oxalate as precipitating agent |
FR2674242B1 (fr) * | 1991-03-18 | 1993-06-04 | Alsthom Cge Alcatel | Procede d'obtention de precurseurs de ceramiques supraconductrices a haute temperature critique. |
US5116560A (en) | 1991-03-22 | 1992-05-26 | General Electric Company | Method of forming rare earth oxide ceramic scintillator with ammonium dispersion of oxalate precipitates |
US5211933A (en) | 1991-04-23 | 1993-05-18 | Bell Communications Research, Inc. | Method for preparation of LiCoO2 intercalation compound for use in secondary lithium batteries |
US5135732A (en) | 1991-04-23 | 1992-08-04 | Bell Communications Research, Inc. | Method for preparation of LiMn2 O4 intercalation compounds and use thereof in secondary lithium batteries |
US5196388A (en) | 1991-06-10 | 1993-03-23 | Akzo N.V. | Process for the preparation of double metal oxide powders containing a Group IIIA and a Group IVB element and a novel double metal hydroxyl carboxylate useful in preparing same |
WO1993016012A1 (fr) | 1992-02-14 | 1993-08-19 | Solvay S.A. | Procede pour la fabrication d'une poudre d'oxydes metalliques mixtes convenant pour la realisation de condensateurs electriques |
US5630994A (en) * | 1995-08-01 | 1997-05-20 | Boyle; Timothy J. | Non-aqueous solution preparation of doped and undoped lixmnyoz |
WO1997046317A1 (en) | 1996-06-05 | 1997-12-11 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Epoxidation catalyst and process |
US5863867A (en) | 1996-10-28 | 1999-01-26 | Superconductive Components, Inc. | Fine-particle bi-sr-ca-cu-o having high phase purity made by chemical precipitation and low-pressure calcination method |
US5784310A (en) | 1997-03-03 | 1998-07-21 | Symetrix Corporation | Low imprint ferroelectric material for long retention memory and method of making the same |
JP3908353B2 (ja) * | 1997-07-29 | 2007-04-25 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | ポリウレタンおよびポリウレタン材料 |
DE19737324A1 (de) | 1997-08-28 | 1999-03-04 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Vielschichtkondensator mit silber- und seltenerdmetalldotiertem Bariumtitanat |
US5977041A (en) | 1997-09-23 | 1999-11-02 | Olin Microelectronic Chemicals | Aqueous rinsing composition |
US5908802A (en) | 1997-10-30 | 1999-06-01 | Sandia Corporation | Nonaqueous solution synthesis process for preparing oxide powders of lead zirconate titanate and related materials |
JPH11147716A (ja) | 1997-11-18 | 1999-06-02 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | チタン酸バリウム粉体およびそれを用いた磁器組成物およびそれを用いた積層セラミックコンデンサ |
US20010039251A1 (en) | 1998-06-12 | 2001-11-08 | Krishna G. Sachdev | Removal of screening paste residue with quaternary ammonium hydroxide-based aqueous cleaning compositions |
DK1017625T3 (da) | 1998-07-01 | 2002-10-14 | Cabot Corp | Hydrotermisk proces til fremstilling af bariumtitanatpulvere |
US6152148A (en) | 1998-09-03 | 2000-11-28 | Honeywell, Inc. | Method for cleaning semiconductor wafers containing dielectric films |
US6893623B2 (en) | 1998-12-11 | 2005-05-17 | Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha | Perovskite titanium-type composite oxide particle and production process thereof |
US6576156B1 (en) | 1999-08-25 | 2003-06-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Phosphors with nanoscale grain sizes and methods for preparing the same |
FR2815035B1 (fr) | 2000-10-05 | 2003-03-07 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de coprecipitation d'actinides et procede de preparation d'oxydes mixtes d'actinides |
US7914755B2 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2011-03-29 | Eestor, Inc. | Method of preparing ceramic powders using chelate precursors |
US7033406B2 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2006-04-25 | Eestor, Inc. | Electrical-energy-storage unit (EESU) utilizing ceramic and integrated-circuit technologies for replacement of electrochemical batteries |
JP4046486B2 (ja) | 2001-06-13 | 2008-02-13 | Necエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 洗浄水及びウエハの洗浄方法 |
US7431911B2 (en) | 2001-07-04 | 2008-10-07 | Showa Denko K.K. | Barium titanate and production and process thereof |
KR100434883B1 (ko) | 2001-08-14 | 2004-06-07 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 티탄산바륨계 파우더의 제조방법 |
DE10145747A1 (de) | 2001-09-17 | 2003-04-03 | Solvent Innovation Gmbh | Ionische Flüssigkeiten |
JP4043014B2 (ja) | 2001-12-20 | 2008-02-06 | 日本化学工業株式会社 | 高純度硝酸バリウムの製造方法 |
GB0217794D0 (en) | 2002-08-01 | 2002-09-11 | Univ St Andrews | Fuel cell electrodes |
US7001585B2 (en) | 2003-04-23 | 2006-02-21 | Ferro Corporation | Method of making barium titanate |
WO2005097705A1 (en) | 2004-04-07 | 2005-10-20 | Techpowder S.A. | Ultrafine metal oxide production |
JP2006036558A (ja) | 2004-07-23 | 2006-02-09 | Dowa Mining Co Ltd | ペロブスカイト型複合酸化物および触媒 |
DE102004037118A1 (de) | 2004-07-30 | 2006-03-23 | Degussa Ag | Titandioxid enthaltende Dispersion |
US7572379B2 (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2009-08-11 | Sachem, Inc. | Removal of metal ions from onium hydroxides and onium salt solutions |
US7993611B2 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2011-08-09 | Eestor, Inc. | Method of preparing ceramic powders using ammonium oxalate |
JP2008201833A (ja) * | 2007-02-16 | 2008-09-04 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | 膜形成用組成物、低誘電率絶縁膜、低誘電率絶縁膜の形成方法及び半導体装置 |
-
2009
- 2009-04-03 JP JP2011503194A patent/JP5689790B2/ja active Active
- 2009-04-03 US US12/417,793 patent/US7867471B2/en active Active
- 2009-04-03 ES ES09749220T patent/ES2396131T3/es active Active
- 2009-04-03 WO PCT/US2009/039389 patent/WO2010011373A2/en active Application Filing
- 2009-04-03 TW TW098111301A patent/TWI380970B/zh active
- 2009-04-03 EP EP09749220A patent/EP2274255B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-04-03 KR KR1020107024743A patent/KR101551853B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2009-04-03 CN CN200980119165.8A patent/CN102046562B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-10-18 HK HK11111088.7A patent/HK1156593A1/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63307102A (ja) * | 1987-06-05 | 1988-12-14 | Tama Kagaku Kogyo Kk | 共沈によるセラミックス原料の調整法 |
TWI232211B (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2005-05-11 | Starck H C Gmbh Co Kg | Process for the preparation of powder mixtures or composite powders |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2396131T3 (es) | 2013-02-19 |
WO2010011373A2 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
HK1156593A1 (zh) | 2012-06-15 |
CN102046562B (zh) | 2014-04-02 |
EP2274255B1 (en) | 2012-10-10 |
JP5689790B2 (ja) | 2015-03-25 |
CN102046562A (zh) | 2011-05-04 |
US20090250850A1 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
US7867471B2 (en) | 2011-01-11 |
EP2274255A2 (en) | 2011-01-19 |
JP2011517652A (ja) | 2011-06-16 |
KR101551853B1 (ko) | 2015-09-08 |
WO2010011373A3 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
KR20100135880A (ko) | 2010-12-27 |
TW200948747A (en) | 2009-12-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TWI380970B (zh) | 使用二羧酸鎓鹽製備高級陶瓷粉末之方法 | |
Caruntu et al. | Solvothermal synthesis and controlled self-assembly of monodisperse titanium-based perovskite colloidal nanocrystals | |
US7993611B2 (en) | Method of preparing ceramic powders using ammonium oxalate | |
Pithan et al. | Progress in the synthesis of nanocrystalline BaTiO3 powders for MLCC | |
Palchik et al. | Microwave assisted preparation of binary oxide nanoparticles | |
US20110152060A1 (en) | Method of preparing ceramic powders using chelate precursors | |
WO2008118422A1 (en) | Metal oxide nanocrystals: preparation and uses | |
US10239792B2 (en) | Method of preparing ceramic powders | |
JP6993058B2 (ja) | 直方体状の単結晶ニオブ酸ナトリウム粒子およびその製造方法 | |
Schneller et al. | Nanocomposite thin films for miniaturized multi-layer ceramic capacitors prepared from barium titanate nanoparticle based hybrid solutions | |
Pfaff | Sol–gel synthesis of strontium titanate powders of various compositions | |
US20100285316A1 (en) | Method of Preparing Ceramic Powders | |
EP2417080A2 (en) | Hydrothermal processing in the wet-chemical preparation of mixed metal oxide ceramic powders | |
Ng et al. | Processing and Characterization of Microemulsion‐Derived Lead Magnesium Niobate | |
JP7110305B2 (ja) | シュウ酸バリウムチタニルの製造方法及びチタン酸バリウムの製造方法 | |
López-Domínguez et al. | Colloidal oxide perovskite nanocrystals: from synthesis to application | |
Chen et al. | Simple chemical preparation of perovskite-based materials using alkali treatment | |
Miruszewski et al. | Synthesis and structural properties of (Y, Sr)(Ti, Fe, Nb) O3− δ perovskite nanoparticles fabricated by modified polymer precursor method | |
JP5810424B2 (ja) | 人工超格子粒子、およびその製造方法 | |
van der Gijp | Preparation of homogeneously-doped barium titanate | |
Balachandran et al. | Particle size analysis of Barium Titanate powder by slow-rate Sol-gel process route | |
Sen et al. | Novel technique for synthesis and characterization of nanosized Ba1− xSrxSn0. 15Ti0. 85O3 ceramics | |
JP2021195329A (ja) | シュウ酸バリウムチタニル、その製造方法及びチタン酸バリウムの製造方法 | |
CN117645538A (zh) | 一种碱催化超细草酸氧钛钡制造方法和钛酸钡的制造方法 | |
Bolarín Miró et al. | Synthesis of PZT ceramics by sol-gel method and mixed oxides with mechanical activation using different oxides as a source of Pb |