TWI306964B - Liquid crystal display device and method of fabricating the same - Google Patents
Liquid crystal display device and method of fabricating the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI306964B TWI306964B TW090120396A TW90120396A TWI306964B TW I306964 B TWI306964 B TW I306964B TW 090120396 A TW090120396 A TW 090120396A TW 90120396 A TW90120396 A TW 90120396A TW I306964 B TWI306964 B TW I306964B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- range
- liquid crystal
- degrees
- crystal layer
- twist angle
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 259
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 125
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N (1s,3r,4e,6e,8e,10e,12e,14e,16e,18s,19r,20r,21s,25r,27r,30r,31r,33s,35r,37s,38r)-3-[(2r,3s,4s,5s,6r)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-19,25,27,30,31,33,35,37-octahydroxy-18,20,21-trimethyl-23-oxo-22,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-4,6,8,10 Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2.O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 34
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 206010036790 Productive cough Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000003802 sputum Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 208000024794 sputum Diseases 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000282465 Canis Species 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
- G02F1/1398—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell the twist being below 90°
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/02—Function characteristic reflective
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001007712A JP4088042B2 (ja) | 2001-01-16 | 2001-01-16 | 液晶表示装置 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TWI306964B true TWI306964B (en) | 2009-03-01 |
Family
ID=18875430
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW090120396A TWI306964B (en) | 2001-01-16 | 2001-08-20 | Liquid crystal display device and method of fabricating the same |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20020093620A1 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP4088042B2 (https=) |
| KR (1) | KR100391241B1 (https=) |
| CN (1) | CN100351679C (https=) |
| TW (1) | TWI306964B (https=) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4118027B2 (ja) * | 2001-02-28 | 2008-07-16 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 液晶表示装置 |
| TWI259923B (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2006-08-11 | Boe Hyids Technology Co Ltd | Liquid crystal display |
| JP2006098623A (ja) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-04-13 | Hitachi Displays Ltd | 液晶表示装置 |
| US8023073B2 (en) | 2006-01-26 | 2011-09-20 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Color filter display panel, thin film transistor array panel, liquid crystal display thereof, and method thereof |
| CN100570407C (zh) * | 2006-07-12 | 2009-12-16 | 宣茂科技股份有限公司 | 反射式偏光扩散膜的结构及制法 |
| JP5077873B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-19 | 2012-11-21 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | 液晶表示素子 |
| CN102629051B (zh) * | 2011-08-12 | 2015-03-04 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种tft-lcd阵列基板及其制造方法 |
| US11314106B2 (en) | 2017-04-28 | 2022-04-26 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Light modulation device |
| CN107153295A (zh) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-09-12 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 阵列基板、显示面板以及阵列基板和显示面板的制造方法 |
| CN108538856B (zh) * | 2018-03-30 | 2020-12-25 | 深圳市华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司 | 阵列基板及阵列基板的制作方法 |
| CN109633986A (zh) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-04-16 | 惠科股份有限公司 | 光学膜层和显示装置 |
| CN112925132A (zh) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-06-08 | 捷开通讯(深圳)有限公司 | 显示面板及显示装置 |
Family Cites Families (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US555113A (en) * | 1896-02-25 | oeering- | ||
| US6327010B1 (en) * | 1992-02-03 | 2001-12-04 | Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung | Electrooptical system |
| JPH04116515A (ja) | 1990-09-06 | 1992-04-17 | Seiko Epson Corp | 反射型液晶電気光学装置 |
| JP2721284B2 (ja) * | 1991-02-07 | 1998-03-04 | 株式会社東芝 | 液晶表示素子および光学異方素子 |
| JP2825713B2 (ja) | 1991-09-10 | 1998-11-18 | シャープ株式会社 | 反射型液晶表示装置およびその製造方法 |
| JPH0784252A (ja) * | 1993-09-16 | 1995-03-31 | Sharp Corp | 液晶表示装置 |
| TW412656B (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 2000-11-21 | Hitachi Ltd | Liquid crystal display |
| JPH102689A (ja) | 1996-06-17 | 1998-01-06 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 伝熱管 |
| JPH10154817A (ja) * | 1996-09-27 | 1998-06-09 | Hoshiden Philips Display Kk | 反射型液晶表示素子 |
| JP3310569B2 (ja) | 1997-02-26 | 2002-08-05 | シャープ株式会社 | 反射型液晶表示装置 |
| CN1143164C (zh) * | 1997-04-23 | 2004-03-24 | 夏普公司 | 反射型液晶显示装置及由其构成的触摸板一体式反射型液晶显示装置 |
| DE69839770D1 (de) * | 1997-05-09 | 2008-09-04 | Sharp Kk | Geschichtete phasenplatte und eine diese platte enthaltende fluessigkristallanzeige |
| US6512561B1 (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 2003-01-28 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display with at least one phase compensation element |
| US6141076A (en) * | 1997-11-28 | 2000-10-31 | Chorum Technologies, Inc. | Spatial light modulators constructed from ferroelectric liquid crystal devices with twisted structure |
| JPH11305219A (ja) * | 1998-04-20 | 1999-11-05 | Sony Corp | 反射型液晶表示装置 |
| JP3177212B2 (ja) * | 1998-05-28 | 2001-06-18 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 反射型液晶表示素子 |
| JP3406242B2 (ja) * | 1998-10-15 | 2003-05-12 | シャープ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置 |
| JP3926072B2 (ja) * | 1998-12-18 | 2007-06-06 | シャープ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置 |
| US6680766B1 (en) * | 1998-12-31 | 2004-01-20 | Honeywell Inc. | Liquid crystal display wherein twist angle of liquid crystal material differ from 90° by approximately 15° or more |
| EP1045272A3 (en) * | 1999-04-12 | 2004-02-25 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Reflective color liquid crystal display device |
| JP3467210B2 (ja) * | 1999-06-04 | 2003-11-17 | シャープ株式会社 | 反射型液晶表示装置 |
| JP2001343651A (ja) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-12-14 | Sharp Corp | 液晶表示装置およびその製造方法 |
| US20030058385A1 (en) * | 2001-05-24 | 2003-03-27 | Mcknight Douglas J. | Liquid crystal display device |
| JP4116515B2 (ja) | 2003-10-09 | 2008-07-09 | 文化シヤッター株式会社 | 開閉装置 |
-
2001
- 2001-01-16 JP JP2001007712A patent/JP4088042B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-08-16 US US09/930,208 patent/US20020093620A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-08-20 TW TW090120396A patent/TWI306964B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-09-19 CN CNB01140633XA patent/CN100351679C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-09-20 KR KR10-2001-0058256A patent/KR100391241B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-06-28 US US11/476,212 patent/US7773191B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1366202A (zh) | 2002-08-28 |
| JP4088042B2 (ja) | 2008-05-21 |
| KR100391241B1 (ko) | 2003-07-12 |
| US7773191B2 (en) | 2010-08-10 |
| US20070132916A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
| JP2002214608A (ja) | 2002-07-31 |
| KR20020061150A (ko) | 2002-07-23 |
| CN100351679C (zh) | 2007-11-28 |
| US20020093620A1 (en) | 2002-07-18 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |