TW512261B - Microprocessor with digital power throttle - Google Patents
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- TW512261B TW512261B TW089127734A TW89127734A TW512261B TW 512261 B TW512261 B TW 512261B TW 089127734 A TW089127734 A TW 089127734A TW 89127734 A TW89127734 A TW 89127734A TW 512261 B TW512261 B TW 512261B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/30—Arrangements for executing machine instructions, e.g. instruction decode
- G06F9/38—Concurrent instruction execution, e.g. pipeline or look ahead
- G06F9/3836—Instruction issuing, e.g. dynamic instruction scheduling or out of order instruction execution
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
- G06F1/32—Means for saving power
- G06F1/3203—Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
- G06F1/32—Means for saving power
- G06F1/3203—Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode
- G06F1/3234—Power saving characterised by the action undertaken
- G06F1/329—Power saving characterised by the action undertaken by task scheduling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/30—Arrangements for executing machine instructions, e.g. instruction decode
- G06F9/38—Concurrent instruction execution, e.g. pipeline or look ahead
- G06F9/3867—Concurrent instruction execution, e.g. pipeline or look ahead using instruction pipelines
- G06F9/3869—Implementation aspects, e.g. pipeline latches; pipeline synchronisation and clocking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D10/00—Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management
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- Power Sources (AREA)
- Microcomputers (AREA)
- Control Of Stepping Motors (AREA)
Description
512261 五、發明說明(1) 發明背景
丨發明範J 本發明關於微處理器,及特別關於用於控制微處理器功 率消耗之機構 。 I藝背i -現7之處理器包括延伸性執行資源,以支持多重指令丘 理…處理器典型地包括-個或多個整數、浮黑卜、 i入/儲m執行單元,以分別使用整數、浮點、分枝及 哭=子b 7 。此外,整數及浮點單元典型地包括暫存 =行;相當地接近處理器核心。提供-具有延 轉它們:不同:ϋ之:缺點係需要有效之功率數量來運 能,將消耗或多它們尺寸及它門所使用之功 當小的處理晶^::之功率,但包裝那麼多的邏輯到一相 問題。 疋平效果,將產生潛在性有效功率消散之 报少程式黧I _,占 —程式運轉所消#处理器執行資源全程用於有效之區間, 行執行時它們之货,功率依據它的組件指令性質及用於並 式,但在有效時間女程式典型地包括各種之指令形 所有處理器執行次寬θ有足夠正確指令型式可利用以保持 因,大多數處理^ :的忙碌,是相當罕見的。對於此原 用時,將切斷傳送=用,知脈衝導通機構,當它們不使 率。此外,當指令淮執行資源之時鐘脈衝,及因此減少功 時,一執行資源:入及離開由組件所服務之管路階段
第6頁 同組件可開啟及關閉。因此,普通程 五、發明說明(2) 式可消散相當!# 一些程式;ί管理之功率位準。 間,及因此比::多處理器執行資源達相當 供用來限制該i m:,相當多之功率。 來處理消耗最高功二t:;耗:該處理器係 於它的最高性能t之私式。廷將使得該處 運轉普通程式準之下,運轉用於所有的 八所需之功率。 功率調節係〜 率消耗問題之繁^出用於處理高性能處理 功率調節將減少今;::j η之功率消耗 處理器執行指令之性能。這可暫時 位準”力率;:速率來完成,直到功率消耗 ,.,.凋即容許該處理器能設計用於普 功::準。當-資源欠缺之程式運轉時,; 的“執行率’以維持它的功率消耗於 内。 τ 所提出功率調節機構將依賴類比參數,以 所消散之功率。例如,當溫度超過一臨界值 機構,視處理器晶片之溫度,及減少處理器 它調節構圖已提出,以監撓一處理器所消耗 一切換調整器中一脈衝寬度調節器之責任週 這些功率調節機構具有許多缺點,它們引 路進入一優越之數位環境,換言之即處理器 改變處理器環境(溫度、電壓及合成物)之變 產生低頻率變化於處理器功率位.準,它們不 長的時間區 除非一機構提 大致上設計用 理器需要在小 程式,而不論 器所產生之功 變得太高時, 性地經由減少 減少到一安全 通程式運轉之 處理器減少它 既定限制之 監視一處理器 時,一熱調節 執行速度。其 之電流,或在 期。 入附加類比電 ,它們傾向於 化量。它們可 直接限制處理
第7頁 512261
::肖耗之功率,及它們不是決定好的。換言《,它們的 仃為不能預測於一連續時鐘脈衝基礎上。 本發明將說明這些及其它可利用功率調節機構之不足。 發明概論 本發明提供-數位調節,以控制一微處理器之功率消 -如tit明’ ~處理器包括1双爹個功能單元及數位調 :,該數位調節監視處理器功能單元之 處理器之功能消耗。 狀‘ w怙口十 對於本發明之一實施例,該數位 門單元、-監視單元及一調節電路。心:個或多個間 送到一處理器功能單元之傳送,及提供一几控制功率傳 單元活動狀態之訊號。言玄監視電路由訊號‘::相關功能 計之功率消耗,及將該估計功率消耗比較^ ^處理器所估 準。如果估計功率消耗位準超過臨界功率立:=界功率位 電路將調整處理器中之指令流量。 準時,該調節 圖式簡單說明 本發明可參考下面圖式,其中相同之 件應可瞭解,這些圖式係提供以圖示本發υ表不相同之組 例,及不將限制本發明之範圍。a所選擇之實施 圖1係本發明可安裝其上之一電腦系統 塊圖。 實施例之方 圖2係一處理器之實施例方塊圖,該處理 明之一數位功率調節。 25使用如本發 512261 五、發明說明(4) 圖3係由圖2處理器所使用之數位功率調節之一實施例方 塊圖。 、 圖4係表示圖3調節電路之一實施例方塊圖。 圖5係表示本發明用於調整一處理器功率消耗之方法之 流程圖。 圖6A及6B係表示多重執行核心處理器,其使用如本發明 數位調.節之實施例之方塊圖。 發明詳細敘述
下面討論將陳述許多特定細節,以提供本發明之一完全 瞭解。然而,習於此技者具有此揭露之利益,將瞭解本發 明之實施不需這些特定細節。此外,各種習知之方法、程 序、組件及電路可詳細敘述,以便集中注意於本發明之特 本發明提供一機構,其經由監視處理器功能單元之活 動,用於控制-處理器之功率消散,以反應一系列之指 令。例如,處理器功能性單元係、經現在程序中之指令所驅 :活?可;由二進位訊號來表*,該訊號指示對應 之功此早7L疋否為啟或關閉。處理器消耗功率之 ;經2一!2量與t·,開啟"狀態之每一功能單元而提 早率重量表示當功能單元驅動時, 所消耗之功率數量。如果估钭从& 1 勒时 調節機構調整指令流量通過處=::2 ?準時’-動。 及x主器以減少功旎早元之活 對於每一功能單元之功率重量 可通過一校正程序而決
五、發明說明(5) ΐ可::校:位為:計;程-部份時可校正,或 電路,及一枯τ在後例子中,數位調節可應用電流監視 功率重量。 演算法週期性地調整,用於每功能單元之 對於本發明之一實施例 使控制功率傳送到# At=兀遝接母功此早7L, -管線控制電;::二70,以反應現在程序中之指令。 / i ,1 〇 ^ ^ ^ 6tr , 可甲』门旱凡之§fl就指不^一監i目带6 ΪΓ=:元之開啟/關閉狀態。如指示狀:二: 电路包括或忽略虛搜哭相—,士 ^ i視 功率重詈。卷处 σσ在功率消耗之一估計中所對應之
^ ^ #代地,當功能單元•,開啟"時,每閘門I :…乍為監視電路與它相關功能單元之:::門早几訊 本發明之其它實施例可應用Α它 於里之連繫。 率中所考慮之功率重量。、·冓用於扣不在估計功 監視電路用於加總動作功能單元之功 與一臨界值比較,以提供處 里,及將它們 之估計。對於數位調節之=:率:耗之連續時鐘脈衝 多重時鐘脈衝週期,以提供二】二坆些估计值係累積於 器功率消耗中連續時鐘脈衝之變化 μ:?+滑處理 功率值,調整所處理指 °°即屯路依據累積 出"氣泡"進入處理器指令二線=;該調節電路可噴 少處理器時鐘脈衝操作I:;:線以減少性能’或它可減 態),以估計功率消耗,及直接^^//人數位事件(活動狀 罝接透過指令之處理速率調整
第10頁 所揭路之機構將依賴處理器邏 512261 五、發明說明(6) ,^ Ϊ it之速率。這將提供一快速、直接及決定性之機構 带路疮處理^功率消耗,及它這樣作法,不會將類比 私蹲W進處理器中。 :ι係本發明可使用於其中之一電腦系則。。之一實施例 .^ ®电恥系統1 0 〇包括一個或多個處理器1 1 0、一主 δ =140、一非揮發記憶體150、各種週邊裝置160,及 =先、輯170。系統邏輯170控制在處理器11〇、主記憶體 、非揮發記憶體150、及各種週邊裝置16〇之間之轉 換。電腦系統100係提供用來圖示本發明各種特性,所示 之特別結構係不需使用本發明。 二理器110包括多重功能單元124,其形成一指令執行管 ΐ //指令係由主記憶體14〇及非揮發記憶體150提供到 =理器110。一數位調節丨3〇監視各種功能單元124中之功 率^耗,以反應處理指令,及因此調整指令流量通過 1 Z U ° 當一指令係降級到管線120時,它導引各種功能單元 1 24,以完成一個或多個操作,而該操作共同實行指令。 例如,一浮點乘法累積指令(FMAC)可導致下面操作以7 ° 於所指示之資源中:一浮點暫存器組讀出三運算子;— FMAC執行單元乘上兩運算子,及將乘積加上第三運算· 例外單元,檢查乘積及和是否有錯誤;及一退休單$ ’ ~ 果沒有錯誤檢測出纟’寫下結果到浮點暫存器組摅: 別處理器之實行,這些資源或它們的組件可分類進入、 或多個功能單元,該單元係當指令降級到管線時開啟=^
第11頁 512261
閉。當功能單元由指令所驅動時 率數量。 母功能單元消耗一些功 對於不贫明之一實施例,由一 率係經-相關功率重量所表示。當一 :$單元所係肖耗一之功a 力數位Γ”3°檢測它的動作狀態,及將它的曰相7 關功率重篁加上處理器飧人汾銮冰 r1qn ^ L处时、、心口功革消耗之一估計值。數位調 二130貝订这些操作於一選擇之區間,產生經現今執行指 々序列所消耗功率之一估古十佶 -Μ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Τ ^值及如果估計功率消耗超過 特疋^界位準時,調整指令流量經過管線HO。 圖2更為詳細表示一處理器11〇之實 L伸(EXP)、暫存器(REG)、執行(ΕχΕ)、檢測(μ丁)、及退 休(RET)階段,及指示相對應每階段之執行資源。本發明 不需要區分處理器Π 0成為一管線階段之特別集合。例 如,一揭露階段可分成一個或多個階段,以定址計時發 佈,及有助較高處理器時鐘脈衝之速度。替代地,兩個或 多個階段可組合為一單階段。其它之實施例可包括用於處 理脫序指令之硬體。所揭露之管線僅提供處理器中之區分 操作是如何使用本發明之一範例。 管線120之前端包括提取單元21〇及發佈單元22Q,其提 供指令到管線12G後端之執行單元以便於執行。提取單元 2 1 0直接由記憶體1 4 〇或透過一區域快取記憶體(未表示)撤 消指令’及提供所提取之指令到發佈單元2 2〇。發佈單元 220解碼指令及將它們發佈到管線丨2〇後端之執行資源。
512261 五、發明說明(8) 經過此討論,名詞"指令"係大致上稱為指令、巨集指 令、指令集或任何一些其它機構編碼處理器之操作^法。 例如,解碼操作可轉換一巨集指令成為一個或多個微操作 方法(//ops),分解一指令集成為一個或多個指令 撤消一微碼序列與一指令。 管線後端120包括暫存器單元23〇、執行單元25〇 單元260及退休單元270。暫存器單元23〇包括— 卜 新命名單元及各種暫存器組(未表示),以分別地認証指令 所標明之暫存器,及由所認証之暫存器存取資料。執 元250包括一個或多個分枝執行單元(βκυ)252、整數執行 單元(IEU)254、載入/儲存單元(LSU) 256,及 ,)258,以處理分枝、整數、載入/儲存,及浮:: 々。如果一例外條件遭遇時,例外單元26〇檢查執行 250所產收生之結果,及調整控制流量。如果沒 測出來’退休單元27。以該結果更新處理器ιι〇之結構 12πΛ \ 動之功能單元係對應於指示用於管線
之各種組合及子集合,數位調節130監視 ::月匕:兀之活動狀態,及因此調整通過管線12〇所處迫 ί率二如’一功能單元可包括-浮點暫存器(方 = :0),及FPU 258,具有組件於兩個或多㈣ :组' :☆致上’一功能早7°包括各種執行資源(暫名 姑行早凡及跟蹤邏輯)係同時驅動或解除。本發印 义據在功能皁兀及如圖2所示執行資源之間之詳細繪
第13頁 -五、發明說明(9) 圖。 · 圖3係一表示數位調節丨3〇及盥 t — 交談之一實施例之方始阊。鉍…吕線之功月匕早兀124 ua , . ' ° 數位調節13 0所揭露之實施
=包括Γ單元31(K1)-31G⑷(―般來講,閘門單元 ldO)、一監視單 2 — 々々 J早7L 係連結-管線12〇中之功能單即二路330。母閘門單元3 10 能單元。例如,閘門單3 ; 4 ’以控制功率傳送到功 該電路連接及中斷―時制^為;·時鐘脈衝閘門電路, 單元操作之管路階段内/:/實订一心令於現今功能 -實每閘門…。提供 分19Λ。λ丨丄 路2〇,以扣不功率是否被傳送到功能單 处單元1 μ μ〇炎該訊號為一功能單元124之活動狀態,當功 之?"開啟"時’其為確認。當該訊號為確認 二;:之虽閘門單元130提供功率到功能單元124 用 力率重量,係加到用於處理器U°之所估計 、〆 田5亥訊號為不確認時,換言之,當閘門單一 "。切斷電力到功能單元124,所相關之功率;』= =估計之功率消耗。一典型處理器,可包括i 〇里2 〇,固不加到 早10,以控制功率傳送到10-20個功能單元124。甲 J視!Ϊ320由閘門單元130收集訊號,及由該所收集之 5唬,决定一用於處理器11 0之現今估計功率消耗之位、 512261 五、發明說明(ίο) 準。對於數位調節1 3 0所揭露之實施例,監視電路3 2 〇包括 重量單兀314(1)-314(n)( —般來講,重量單元314)、一加 法器3^4、一飽和電路326、及一累積器328。對於本發明 之一實施例,每重量單元3丨4係通過一相對應之閘門單元 310,使連接功能單元124其中之一。當來自它的閘門單元 3 1 0之活動狀態訊號係確認時,重量單元31 4提供一功率位 準到加法器324。當活動狀態訊號不確認時,重量單元4 輸出一個零。 和==加:由重量單元134所指示之功率重量,及由 僂ίίϊί 該加法器324之輸出係通過飽和電路326 1送到累積器328。所包括之飽和電路32 路二6 值到調節電路330,及另楹枇一祛目: &仏傳运 依據處理器後續活動狀態更新。 便 在所選擇之區間,累積器328之内容(" 供到調節電路330。如果累穑分痖主 ’、、力率)係提 消耗估計在特定區間超過、、功挛位’列如’累積功率 之-實施例減少指令^ = 广’調節電路330 後端。事實上△指令流’其係提供到管線12。 位準時,言周節電ς3(;ΛΛ耗位準在特定區間超過臨界 期。 电硌以〇將5周整處理器時鐘脈衝之責任週 間係128時鐘期之調整,在這情形其中該特定區
_ 累積功率 責任週期 ' _ X<0 128/128 ^ _ 0<=X<1 T27TT28~' _ 1<-X<2 126/128 〜 _ 2<=X<3 T25TT28~^ 3<一X<4 ^U4r\7R ^ • * · —-—-_ 一 125<=X<126 ^27Ϊ28~^' —126<=X<127 —^ΪΤΪ28 — 127<=X ~〇TT28~~~^ 對於表1所描述之實施例,功率重 功能單元驅動時,定點數目比例於功7。為_8-16位元,當 率。X之上8位元可使用來調整處理器‘:::消耗之功 期。這些位元改變越慢,將減緩 2脈衝之責任週 指令流動之改變。對於上述範例,心:330所指示之 鐘脈衝週期,而數位調節13〇提供128 間=128時 提供微調調節控㈣,其係、比例於估功^耗些位為 綱耗之數量。較佳地,調節電上 二=估扣力率消耗所指示之開啟 日 像這樣之分配將詳細討論如下。/、、式斤控制。一低 圖4係調整電路33〇之一實 ⑶。之揭露實施例包括一記憶體;=圖:控=電路 4: : 另外揭示一累積器338之暫:器 440其中累積器儲存所累積之功率。例如,記 可為一唯讀記憶體⑽M),其輸人可透過控 ^ 512261 五、發明說明(12) 取’以反應-來自計數器42〇之計時指示,及 器3 2 8之累積功率位準。 累積 對於^節電路330所揭露實施例,計數器 ”器。計數器430之輸出增加一行指數於控制 0。地127累在籍連續時鐘脈衝週期,及當127達到時回到 〇。同樣地,累積器328之輪出依據累積功率之現在值,: 整一列指數於控制單元42〇。對於所揭露實施例,當χ〈=调 0、72及124時,列指數係分別為〇、71及123。控制單 420使^用-這些指數,由記憶裝置41〇讀出一對應之輸入。 入值扣不一氣泡是否必須射入處理器丨丨〇之指令執行管別 線例士口,當輸出為〇時射入一氣泡,及當輸出為工時 氣泡射入。 有 對於記憶裝置410之一實施例,每一列經不同數目 〇所組合,以0的數目刻度X之值,使標示於列。當累積功 率位準(X)不超過零,換言之當運轉功率消耗不超過臨界 位f,,例如,列〇可均包含為丨,以便沒有氣泡射入指令 執行官路。只要累積功率位準超過一特定數量,在功率範 圍之另一端,列一 127不包含1,將氣泡於每時鐘脈衝週期1" 射入指令執行管線。對於所揭露範例,此數量經飽和電路 328決疋為127,換言之X = >127。在列_〇及列127之間夕
Λ + 歹丨J 可以0來組合,以比例X之值。例如,列6 7包括6 8個〇,使 分配在它不同行中,列一Π1包括1丨2個〇,使分佈在它的行 中,列一 1 7包括1 8個0,使分佈在它的行中。對於本發明之 一實施例,0可以隨機方式分佈它們所標計列之行中。
第17頁 512261 五、發明說明(13) 數位調節1 3 0所揭露實施例包扛— 依據功能單元活動狀態,功能單;回授迴路。調節數量 響。累積器328實行一時間積分,几糸依序由調節數量所影 移進入此回授迴路。為穩定之目沾、?入一 90度落後相位 延遲,換言之相位移係重要的。用热;少回授迴路内其它 標準,將相同地依據如何於一區;位回彳又迴路之穩定 率消耗,該區間係對應通過指令‘杆^地調整處理器功 脈衝週期數目(管線區間)。例如;::楼:需要之時鐘 確“於-官線區間,功率消耗相當小的改變。+重里Μ 數位調節1 30之響應時間係經由 m ^ tWfr ^ 4- yx. 屯匕的回投迴路所控制。 ,為數位调即之才呆作反應於邏輯制 流)之分離訊號,其由處理器組件m ;^、電 的響應時間係一微秒位數。用於舞礎、節、、盖、疋,它 短:此響應時間1減少例如嘴射氣泡峰:產二 性1失,數位調節130將反應有如功率傳送系、统所容 地那樣慢。這意謂著功率傳送系統必須於較短之塑 ^ 區間,能夠處理高於臨界位準處理器功率消耗之‘二:j 於這些峰值,能量可由處理器電源供給電容所提供。、 數位調節1 3 0將更有效地在處理器功率消耗上,具有較 大之控制尺度。數位調節丨3〇為最有效率,該處之^理^ 1 3 0使用一導通機構,其包括一大部份之處理器功能單 元。當超過臨界位準時,延伸導通控制裝置數位調節丨3 〇 能快速及有效地調整功率消耗之·位準。同樣地,提供微粒
第18頁
卫、赞明說明(14) 控制於功能單元以描 處理器執行資源成d:;,3。之效率。例如,區分 額外開門單元以控制這些功f之功能單元124,及提供 理器功率消耗上具有較大之將提供調節130於處 圖5係表示如本發 〃 1 程圖。方法500首先决,即处理11功率之方法5 00之流 動作的。一功能單元 ’、在處理器中之功能單元為 來自時鐘脈衝閘門恭 =作/非動作)可例如經由一 功能單元。例如,: = 指示’該電路提供電力到 作狀態),電路 ?'路提供電力到功能單元(動 力到功能單元(非動:: 一旦動作功能單元已決定5 一 確濕该訊號。 於該處理器。這可經由」 旦—功率/立準係估計520用 之訊號,及經功率重量連心:,母閘門單元所提供 位準。重量功率連結;增加估計功率 位準。 唬不此構成現在所估計功率 如現ΪΠΚ::::,530於,功率位準。例 不能於-加長時間操:心!;施二於:則處理器必須 ΐΓί:率位準所減去,及該結果加上-ϊϊίΓ準由現 正(epl>臨界位準)#入累積功率...如果該累積功率為 力手為負(EPL〈臨界位準), 果邊累積 π生產里,可經過許·多機構而減少。對於方
五、發明說明(15) 5:,單一實二:卜氣泡:射入指令執行管線,以減少處理 動作之部份%鐘脈衝週期。氣、;包可經例 Ϊ :二以發佈指令於處理器時鐘脈衝之唯-選擇i; 率可減少。 处理日守知脈衝所彳呆作之頻
…^明之一優點為處理器管線執行資源,依據管線功炉 单=活動位準而調整。不像熱或現行基本技術用於估計功 率,,,功忐單元活動經數位調節所監視,係一處理器 獨立管線之特性。指定活動之後續特定敘述及特定單:之 功率消,,在使用多重執行核心於一單處理器晶片之處理 器中,是特別有用的。在此,"執行核心"關於執行資源連 帶一完全處理器,以便多重執行核心處理器有效地使用多 f處理器於一單晶片。本發明之數位調節容許一執行核 心’其係處理一功率欠缺碼部件,以有效地由其它執行核 心借到功率,只要總功率消耗不超過一臨界位準。替代 地依據在它指令執行管線之活動,它容許每執行核心接 受調節。
圖6 A係一本發明使用其中之多重核心處理器6丨〇之一實 施例之方塊位準圖。處理器6 1 0包括執行核心6 2 0 ( a ) - 6 2 0 (11)( 般為執行核心(6 3 0 )),每執行核心6 2 0包括形成一 執行管線640之功能單元630。一共用數位調節6 5 0監視及 調整所有管線640功能單元630中之活動。處理器110之此 實%例只要不超過總臨界功率,將容許每執行核心6 2 〇從 保留之執行核心借用功率。
512261 五、發明說明(16) 圖6B係本發明使用其中之多重核心處理器66〇之一實於 例之方塊位準圖。處理器66〇包括執行核心62〇(a)〜6&也 (η )( —般為執行核心(6 3 〇 )),每執行核心6 3 〇包括,彤 一執行管線640之功能單元63 0。每執行核心63〇另包括, 數位調節65 0,以監視及調整在它功能單元63〇中之活 處理器11 0之此實施例容許每執行核心62〇獨立地细 結數位調節63 0所調節。 Α匕的連 一數位調節已如此提供,其依據處理器功能單 悲,控制一處理器中之功率消耗。監視指令執行門欠 動狀態,及依據由該活動狀態所估計之一功率消活 凋整執行速率。功率消耗可控制經射出,,氣泡tf或肋j , 才曰令執行流,以反應估計功率消耗。 s 入 對於本發明之一實施例,一功率重量係指定於 元及該處理器之功能消⑯,係經加總用於每動作單 J功率重量所估計。當估計功率消耗超過一臨界早: 之功率重量可於處理器設計或測=段用能單元 決定。 、工 杈正程序所 所揭露實施例已提供說明本發明各種特性, ,益y㈣技者將瞭解所揭露實施例之變化此揭露 仍然符合申請專利範圍之精神及目標。 仏正,其
第21頁 512261 案號 89127734 曰 修正 圖式簡單說明 元件符號 100 110 120 124 130 140 150 160 170 210 220 230 250 252 254 256 258 260 270 310(1 ) 314(1 ) 320 324 326 說明 殄 正 本 有 無 變 ί t 内 u 予; 修乃 it 41 •夕 j補充 電 腦 系 統 328 累 積 器 處 理 器 330 調 /r/c 即 電 路 指 令 執 行 管 線 350 管 線 控 制 電路 多 重 功 能 單 元 410 記 憶 體 裝 置 數 位 調 /rAr 即 420 控 制 單 元 主 記 憶 體 430 計 數 器 非 揮 發 記 憶 體 440 暫 存 器 週 邊 裝 置 610 處 理 器 系 統 邏 輯 6 2 0 (a )-620( η) 執行 提 取 單 元 630 功 能 單 元 發 佈 單 元 640 執 行 管 線 暫 存 器 單 元 650 數 位 調 即 執 行 單 元 660 處 理 器 分 枝 執 行 單 元(BRU) 整 數 執 行 單 元(IEU) 載入/儲存單元 浮點執行單元(FPU) 例外單元 退休單元 - 310(n) - 314(n) 監視單元 加法器 飽和電路 閘門單元 重量單元
O:\67\67805-910715.ptc 第22頁
Claims (1)
- 開關電路,其控制 共一訊號用以指示傳送到 一監視電路,將所指 位準;及 —調節電路,如果所 用以調整處理器中之 2七如申請專利範圍第1 複數功能單元,其形成 3·如申請專利範圍第2 括複數之閘門電路,每閘 能單元對應之一。 、如申請專利範圍第3 射氣泡進入該處理器管線 動。 傳送到該功能單元之 該功能單元之功率位準;及提 示之功率位準h +比較於一臨界功率 =示功率位準超過臨界功率位 才曰令流動。 旱 項之處理器,其中該功能單元 —用於處理器之指令執行管匕 項之處理器,其中該閘門電路二 門單元控制功率傳送到該複數= 項之處理器,其中該調節電路一 ,以調整該處理器中之指令流貝 ’其中當功能單元操 表示該功能單元—功 5 ·如申請專利範圍第1項之處理器 作時’經該訊號所指示之功率位準, 率消耗位準。6·如申請專利範圍第1項之處理器,其中該調節電路 少一由閘門電路所提供之一時鐘脈衝責任週期,以調 指令流動通過該處理器^ 7· 一種用於控制一處理器中功率消耗之方法,包括: 收集來自處理器閘門電路之·功率訊號;第23頁 512261 丨丨丨 丨 六、申請專利範圍 5 ί::t ί功率訊號,調整一估計功率消耗; 較;…计功率消耗位準與-臨界功率消耗位準作比 田估计功率消耗位準超過臨 處理器調整-指令執行速率。 +均耗位丰#,經該 8·如申請專利範圍第7頊,古、土 、仓 ^ 令執行速率之前,累藉、 " 义包括在調整指 期間。 ^、、汁功率消耗位準,達一所選擇之 閘門電路。 J率位準現在傳送到一功能單元與該 制-°·用= = 7項之方法,其中每閉門電路控 11.如= =能單元之時鐘脈衝訊號。 行速率包括調整一二生:d:跋其中調整該指令執 訊號之責任週期。由_門電路所提供之時鐘脈衝 消1 耗2位項之方法’其中累積估計功率 所選擇數率消耗位準’用於-處理器時鐘脈衝 種電腦系統,包括: 令 ,系、统’其儲存用於執行 -令執行管線,其包括一複數功能單元以執行指 指令傳送系統,由該記憶系統以-特定速率提供指 穴、甲請 寸π乾圍 令到指令執行管線; … 硬數控制電路,每控制 月匕早兀之一,及提供一 =功率傳送到 功率消;::;路及:Ξ制電路所提供之該” 令傳送系統之特估計功率消耗位準,以 — 士申睛專利範圍第1 3項之電腦系& 與控制單H 該訊號,以指示用於嗲- 剌早%之功率消耗位準。 用於孩- 如申睛專利範圍第1 4項之恭 電路包括—發佈# A,A u 、&电細糸統,其 率,經指令執:ΐΓί::理器時鐘脈衝所‘ 16· 1;:^包:佈用於處理之指令。 一或多個功能單元;及 一數位調節,其監視一個 口 以估計用於該處理器之一功洁固功能皁元活I 1 7·如申請專利範圍第1 6項之,:。 包括: 處理器,其中該| 或夕個閘門單元,每閘門-功能單元之所相關之一,及1早兀控制功率傳ϋ 活動狀態;及 9不用於該相關功能$ 一監硯電路,由一個或多個 — 一 態,使決定功率消耗位準之估計。此早兀所指示9 18,如申請專利範圍第17項之處^ ^ •处理器,其中該f 複數功 及 估計_. 整該指 正經由 能單元 令傳送 制之速 狀態, 位調節 到一該 元之一 動狀 視電 512261 六、申請專利範圍 -- 路,將該估計功率消耗位準比較於一臨界值,及提供該比 較之一指示。 19. 如申請專利範圍第1 6項之方法,其中該功能單元形 成一指令執行管線,及該處理器,進一步包括一管線控制 _ 模組,使依據該指令執行管線中之指令型式,以指示用於 一個或多個功能單元之該活動狀態。 20. 如申請專利範圍第1 9項之方法,其中該數位調節進 一步包括一監視電路,其利用一個或多個功能單元之活動 狀態,以估計該處理器功能消耗之位準。第26頁
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US6564328B1 (en) | 2003-05-13 |
AU1626601A (en) | 2001-07-09 |
JP6042830B2 (ja) | 2016-12-14 |
JP2014112399A (ja) | 2014-06-19 |
JP2012198922A (ja) | 2012-10-18 |
EP1259870B1 (en) | 2010-03-10 |
DE60043996D1 (de) | 2010-04-22 |
JP5073903B2 (ja) | 2012-11-14 |
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