TW480176B - Polymer-lipid microencapsulated gases for use as imaging agents - Google Patents
Polymer-lipid microencapsulated gases for use as imaging agents Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW480176B TW480176B TW086102919A TW86102919A TW480176B TW 480176 B TW480176 B TW 480176B TW 086102919 A TW086102919 A TW 086102919A TW 86102919 A TW86102919 A TW 86102919A TW 480176 B TW480176 B TW 480176B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- microparticles
- hydrophobic compound
- acid
- poly
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000012216 imaging agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 24
- -1 fatty acid alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000002079 cooperative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002732 Polyanhydride Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960004065 perflutren Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001710 Polyorthoester Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002059 diagnostic imaging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001261 hydroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000111 poly(butyric acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- PORPENFLTBBHSG-MGBGTMOVSA-N 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PORPENFLTBBHSG-MGBGTMOVSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexa-Ac-myo-Inositol Natural products CC(=O)OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C1OC(C)=O SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N L-tryptophane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000367 inositol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N inositol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WTJKGGKOPKCXLL-RRHRGVEJSA-N phosphatidylcholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC WTJKGGKOPKCXLL-RRHRGVEJSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001306 poly(lactide-co-caprolactone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- JZNWSCPGTDBMEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerophosphorylethanolamin Natural products NCCOP(O)(=O)OCC(O)CO JZNWSCPGTDBMEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000227 bioadhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008104 phosphatidylethanolamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 claims 5
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-leucine Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leucine Natural products CC(C)CC(N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 claims 4
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 claims 3
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N L-isoleucine Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 3
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 3
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoleucine Natural products CCC(C)C(N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 229960000310 isoleucine Drugs 0.000 claims 3
- 229940094443 oxytocics prostaglandins Drugs 0.000 claims 3
- 150000003180 prostaglandins Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-valine Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Valine Natural products CC(C)C(N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002745 poly(ortho ester) Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims 2
- APJYDQYYACXCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tryptamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCN)=CNC2=C1 APJYDQYYACXCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N (1s,3r,4e,6e,8e,10e,12e,14e,16e,18s,19r,20r,21s,25r,27r,30r,31r,33s,35r,37s,38r)-3-[(2r,3s,4s,5s,6r)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-19,25,27,30,31,33,35,37-octahydroxy-18,20,21-trimethyl-23-oxo-22,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-4,6,8,10 Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2.O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N (2S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropansäure Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- SJTPYAOZAPSOLO-REOHCLBHSA-N (2s)-2-hydrazinyl-3-hydroxypropanoic acid Chemical compound NN[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O SJTPYAOZAPSOLO-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 240000001592 Amaranthus caudatus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009328 Amaranthus caudatus Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 244000304337 Cuminum cyminum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000007129 Cuminum cyminum Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serine Natural products OCC(N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydropyran Chemical compound C1CCOCC1 DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- KBSDGEWBAHRIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2-aminoethanol Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.NCCO KBSDGEWBAHRIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012735 amaranth Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004178 amaranth Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000747 amidyl group Chemical group [H][N-]* 0.000 claims 1
- ZGSPNIOCEDOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium [3-[2,3-di(octadeca-9,12-dienoyloxy)propoxy-oxidophosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxypropyl] 2,3-di(octadeca-9,12-dienoyloxy)propyl phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCC)COP([O-])(=O)OCC(O)COP([O-])(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCC ZGSPNIOCEDOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001600 hydrophobic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001290 polyvinyl ester Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001291 polyvinyl halide Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229920001606 poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) Polymers 0.000 abstract description 13
- 210000000865 mononuclear phagocyte system Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920001963 Synthetic biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- KILNVBDSWZSGLL-KXQOOQHDSA-N 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC KILNVBDSWZSGLL-KXQOOQHDSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- NRJAVPSFFCBXDT-HUESYALOSA-N 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC NRJAVPSFFCBXDT-HUESYALOSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- YKIOPDIXYAUOFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-di(icosanoyloxy)propyl 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC YKIOPDIXYAUOFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229920001273 Polyhydroxy acid Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000012285 ultrasound imaging Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 8
- YHHSONZFOIEMCP-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphocholine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCOP(O)(O)=O YHHSONZFOIEMCP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 8
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 6
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Polymers OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 4
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000954 Polyglycolide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 150000002634 lipophilic molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- FVXDQWZBHIXIEJ-LNDKUQBDSA-N 1,2-di-[(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC FVXDQWZBHIXIEJ-LNDKUQBDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GUJDUXMBBAOBHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(dimethylamino)-n-(2h-tetrazol-5-yl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CN=CC(C(=O)NC2=NNN=N2)=N1 GUJDUXMBBAOBHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101000823778 Homo sapiens Y-box-binding protein 2 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000031737 Tissue Adhesions Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-OELDTZBJSA-N cholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-OELDTZBJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002961 echo contrast media Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- JSPNNZKWADNWHI-PNANGNLXSA-N (2r)-2-hydroxy-n-[(2s,3r,4e,8e)-3-hydroxy-9-methyl-1-[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoctadeca-4,8-dien-2-yl]heptadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[C@@H](O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@H](O)\C=C\CC\C=C(/C)CCCCCCCCC)CO[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JSPNNZKWADNWHI-PNANGNLXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3alpha,5alpha,7alpha,12alpha)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-cholan-24-oic acid Natural products OC1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(O)=O)C)C1(C)C(O)C2 BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QJRRBVNPIKYRQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-methylundecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QJRRBVNPIKYRQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LDGWQMRUWMSZIU-LQDDAWAPSA-M 2,3-bis[(z)-octadec-9-enoxy]propyl-trimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOCC(C[N+](C)(C)C)OCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC LDGWQMRUWMSZIU-LQDDAWAPSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004380 Cholic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FSCNUJMKSQHQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gein Chemical compound COC1=CC(CC=C)=CC=C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(COC2C(C(O)C(O)CO2)O)O1 FSCNUJMKSQHQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000029749 Microtubule Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108091022875 Microtubule Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001305 Poly(isodecyl(meth)acrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002319 Poly(methyl acrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229930183167 cerebroside Natural products 0.000 description 2
- RIZIAUKTHDLMQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerebroside D Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)C(=O)NC(C(O)C=CCCC=C(C)CCCCCCCCC)COC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1O RIZIAUKTHDLMQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019416 cholic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960002471 cholic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N deoxycholic acid Natural products C1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(O)=O)C)C1(C)C(O)C2 KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002592 echocardiography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001917 fluorescence detection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002270 gangliosides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- YYVJAABUJYRQJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N isomyristic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O YYVJAABUJYRQJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002595 magnetic resonance imaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004688 microtubule Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013421 nuclear magnetic resonance imaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001483 poly(ethyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000212 poly(isobutyl acrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000205 poly(isobutyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000197 polyisopropyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004804 polysaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012460 protein solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 2
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- HIPAIKSXHJHWJX-PZRMXXKTSA-N (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-ethyloxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol Chemical compound CC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O HIPAIKSXHJHWJX-PZRMXXKTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCTYOHVVRRHDTQ-SKIDARPTSA-N (2s)-2,3-bis[(z)-octadec-9-enoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOC[C@H](CO)OCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC HCTYOHVVRRHDTQ-SKIDARPTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZCPCKNHXULUIY-RGULYWFUSA-N 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC TZCPCKNHXULUIY-RGULYWFUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKDVKSZUMVYZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)CO1 RKDVKSZUMVYZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRHNUZCXXOTJCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoropropane Chemical compound CCCF JRHNUZCXXOTJCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZONJATNKKGGVSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 14-methylpentadecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZONJATNKKGGVSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSXTUUUQYQYKCR-LQDDAWAPSA-M 2,3-bis[[(z)-octadec-9-enoyl]oxy]propyl-trimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(C[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC KSXTUUUQYQYKCR-LQDDAWAPSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWIPUXXIFQQMKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-3-(4-cyanophenyl)propanoate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 KWIPUXXIFQQMKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYZUENZXIZCLAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhept-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC=C(C)C(O)=O FYZUENZXIZCLAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVCQCVRQBYRRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylidenedecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(=C)C(O)=O MVCQCVRQBYRRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YDNKGFDKKRUKPY-JHOUSYSJSA-N C16 ceramide Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)[C@H](O)C=CCCCCCCCCCCCCC YDNKGFDKKRUKPY-JHOUSYSJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000004652 Cardiovascular Abnormalities Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cellulose propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCC1OC(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C1OC1C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(COC(=O)CC)O1 DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010017943 Gastrointestinal conditions Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010061711 Gliadin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PVNIQBQSYATKKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol trihexadecanoate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PVNIQBQSYATKKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWZWYGMENQVNFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerophosphorylserin Natural products OC(=O)C(N)COP(O)(=O)OCC(O)CO ZWZWYGMENQVNFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UXIGWFXRQKWHHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iotalamic acid Chemical compound CNC(=O)C1=C(I)C(NC(C)=O)=C(I)C(C(O)=O)=C1I UXIGWFXRQKWHHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004856 Lectins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001090 Lectins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-bis{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}glycine Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(=O)O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRJGESKKUOMBCT-VQTJNVASSA-N N-acetylsphinganine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)NC(C)=O CRJGESKKUOMBCT-VQTJNVASSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJECHNNFRHZQKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oelsaeurecholesterylester Natural products C12CCC3(C)C(C(C)CCCC(C)C)CCC3C2CC=C2C1(C)CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC)C2 RJECHNNFRHZQKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233805 Phoenix Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052778 Plutonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DZGWFCGJZKJUFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tyramine Natural products NCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 DZGWFCGJZKJUFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002494 Zein Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATBOMIWRCZXYSZ-XZBBILGWSA-N [1-[2,3-dihydroxypropoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy-3-hexadecanoyloxypropan-2-yl] (9e,12e)-octadeca-9,12-dienoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP(O)(=O)OCC(O)CO)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C\C\C=C\CCCCC ATBOMIWRCZXYSZ-XZBBILGWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920013820 alkyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AWUCVROLDVIAJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-glycerophosphate Natural products OCC(O)COP(O)(O)=O AWUCVROLDVIAJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940090948 ammonium benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001040 ammonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940053200 antiepileptics fatty acid derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008365 aqueous carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002511 behenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 210000000941 bile Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920000249 biocompatible polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229920003064 carboxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000748 cardiovascular system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006218 cellulose propionate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940106189 ceramide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZVEQCJWYRWKARO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceramide Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)C(=O)NC(CO)C(O)C=CCCC=C(C)CCCCCCCCC ZVEQCJWYRWKARO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940099352 cholate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WLNARFZDISHUGS-MIXBDBMTSA-N cholesteryl hemisuccinate Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](OC(=O)CCC(O)=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 WLNARFZDISHUGS-MIXBDBMTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJECHNNFRHZQKU-RMUVNZEASA-N cholesteryl oleate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)C1 RJECHNNFRHZQKU-RMUVNZEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-alpha-tocopherol Natural products OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043237 diethanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- FRXGWNKDEMTFPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctadecyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FRXGWNKDEMTFPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXTCWLNZDIPLCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O HXTCWLNZDIPLCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930195712 glutamate Natural products 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000019622 heart disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000033444 hydroxylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005805 hydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAMFXQBUQXONLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N icos-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C VAMFXQBUQXONLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940029378 iothalamate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014705 isoleucine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002520 isoleucines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000017169 kidney disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactide Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)C(C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002523 lectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005772 leucine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002614 leucines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004292 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010270 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylparaben Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002216 methylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000309715 mini pig Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVGIYYKRAMHVLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N newbouldiamide Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC VVGIYYKRAMHVLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VBXWJILXAOAILX-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane propane Chemical compound CCC.CCCCCCCC VBXWJILXAOAILX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940065472 octyl acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003101 oviduct Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001312 palmitoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003921 particle size analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GYDSPAVLTMAXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GYDSPAVLTMAXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- YSWYYGKGAYSAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphane Chemical compound P.P YSWYYGKGAYSAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N plutonium atom Chemical compound [Pu] OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005575 poly(amic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940065514 poly(lactide) Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000196 poly(lauryl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002627 poly(phosphazenes) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002851 polycationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000129 polyhexylmethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- DSNYFFJTZPIKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propoxybenzene Chemical compound CCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 DSNYFFJTZPIKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002307 prostate Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920013730 reactive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000000664 rectum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008279 sol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- AWDRATDZQPNJFN-VAYUFCLWSA-N taurodeoxycholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1CC2)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 AWDRATDZQPNJFN-VAYUFCLWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001295 tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010384 tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003732 tyramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DZGWFCGJZKJUFP-UHFFFAOYSA-O tyraminium Chemical compound [NH3+]CCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 DZGWFCGJZKJUFP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 210000004291 uterus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001215 vagina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003680 valines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004855 vascular circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005019 zein Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940093612 zein Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/0002—General or multifunctional contrast agents, e.g. chelated agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/0004—Screening or testing of compounds for diagnosis of disorders, assessment of conditions, e.g. renal clearance, gastric emptying, testing for diabetes, allergy, rheuma, pancreas functions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/22—Echographic preparations; Ultrasound imaging preparations ; Optoacoustic imaging preparations
- A61K49/222—Echographic preparations; Ultrasound imaging preparations ; Optoacoustic imaging preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, liposomes
- A61K49/223—Microbubbles, hollow microspheres, free gas bubbles, gas microspheres
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
480176 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 五、發明說明(1 ) 登明背景 本發明是有關於一般的診斷顯像劑之領域,且特別是 有_於一具有脂質加入其中之微囊封化超音波顯像對比 劑,以維持一段時間的回聲作用。 · 當使用超音波得到一人體或動物之内部器官或結構的 影像時,超音波,即高於人類耳朵所可分辨頻率之音波能 里在其穿過人體時會被反射。不同型態的組織反射出不 同的超音波,且由可反射出不同的内部結構之超音波所生 成的反射作用,係可偵測並被電子性地轉變成為可見之展 示0 對於一些醫療病況,對有意義的器官或結構得到一有 用的影像是十分困難的,蓋因,在該超音波波長反射所生 成之超音波顯像中,於缺少對比劑下,詳細結構是難以充 刀地自其周圍組織中區分出。藉由輸注一藥劑至一器官或 結構或有意義處,而增強該超音波顯像之對比作用,因而 增強一些生理或病理的偵測與觀察。在其它的例子中,對 比-顯像劑本身移動的偵測是特別重要的。例如。在一已 知源自於特定心血管不正常所造成之一特別的血液流動形 式,可藉由輸注一對比劑至該血液流中,並觀察該血液流 動的動力學,而分辨出。 可使用作為超音波對比劑之物質,係可藉由當超音波 穿過人體且被反射以成生一由所作的醫療診斷而生成的影 像寺對超曰波具有一效用來使用。不同的物質以不同的 方式影響超音波且影響至各種不同的的程度。再者,一此 :本紙張尺度適用?關家標準(CNS)A4規格⑽x 297公髮)--—---- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) t 線- 48U176 A7 五、發明說明(2 ) — — — — — III · 1 I (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 由對比-顯像劑所造成的效果是比其它者更易被測量與觀 察的。在選擇一供用於對比-增強劑之理想組成物上,較 佳的是該等當超音波穿過身體時對超音波具有顯著效果之 物質。同時該對超音波之效用應是十容易被測量出的。存 在於超音波顯像上可觀察到的三個主要的對比·增強效 用··逆散射,光柱的衰減與音速的不同。 逆散射:當一穿體身體的超音波遇到一結構時,例如 器官或其它身體組織,該結構會反射一部分的超音波。身 體内不同的結構以不同的方式與各種不同的強度反射該超 音波。該反射的能量係被偵測且使用於生成該超音波所穿 過之結構的影像。而該詞“逆散射,,指該超音波能量被具 有一些物理特性的物質散射回來而朝向其來源。 線- 長期來已知在超音波顯像所觀察到的對比作用,係可 在可造成大量逆散射的已知物質存在下而被增強之。該些 物質係被投藥至該身體的特定部分,在該部分與未含有該 物質之周圍結構的超音波顯像之間的對比作用會被增強。 已知由於物理特性,不同的物質可造成不同程度的逆散射 作用。因此,對對比-顯像劑之搜尋已集中在該等安定且 不具有毒性而又可展現出最大逆散射量的物質。 一物質所具有造成超音波能量的逆散射能力,係依賴 於該物質之特性,例如其可被壓縮的能力。當檢測不同物 質時,其可使用比較物質被稱為“逆散射橫切面,,之造成 逆散射之能力的特定測定量。一特定物質之逆散射橫切面 係正比於該散射的半徑,亦依賴於超音波能量之波長與該 A7
五、發明說明(3) 物質之物理特性,」· 0phil^K J Parker,c〇ntrast Agent in
Diagonstic Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, v〇j. is, n.4, p.219,323 (1989) 〇 在評估不同物質作為顯像對比劑上,其可計算哪些試 劑具有較高的散射橫切面,因此,那些試劑應會在超音波 顯像上提供較大的對比作用。可推論一固體粒子壓縮性係 比該等周圍的介質所具有者更低,而該粒子的密度則較之 為高。使用此一推論,一固體粒子對比_增強劑之散射橫 切面係被估計為[75(〇phir與Parker, supra, at 325)。對一純 液體的散射,該散射與周圍介質的絕對壓縮性與密度可能 是約相等的,此會造成該液體具有為零的散射橫切面的結 果。但疋’若有大量體積之一液體存在時,該液體可顯示 出一些逆散射。例如,若一液體試劑自一十分小的容器流 至 ^分大的容器,而使得該該液體實質上占據所有的容 器’則此液體可能可顯示出一可測量的逆散射。但無論如 何’熟習此技藝人士皆可了解到,相較於自由氣體微泡, 純液體之散射是相當不具效率的。 光柱的衰減:可由一些固體對比顯像劑存在下所可觀 察到的另一種效用就是超音波的衰減。由於在一些組織形 之間的衰減之不同,而在傳統的呈像中可觀察到顯像對比 作用。K.J. Parker與 R.C. Wang, "Measurement of Ultrasonic Attnuation Within Regions selected from B-Scan Images," IEE Trans.Biomeed. Enar. BME 30(8), p. 431-37 (1983);K.J. Parker, R.C. Wang,與 R.M.Lener,"Attenuation of Ultrasound Magnitude 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) k·. —線 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 480176 A7 —-----[ _ 五、發明說明(4) and Frequency Dependence for Tissue Characterization," Radiology, 153(3),p.785-88 (1984)。已有假設在輸注一藥劑 之則或之後所取出一組織區域的衰減測量,會產生一經增 強的影像。但是基於衰減對比作用之方式,而用來測量一 液體試劑之對比增強作用的技術並未被完全地發展出,且 即便其被全地發展出,其亦在技術上會受至所使用之内 部器官或結構上限制。例如,由於液體對比劑所造成衰減 的損失,由於南體積之液體對比劑,而可能可在心血管系 統之顯像中觀察到,該對比劑在衰減上生成之一實質上之 不同在被測量前,係必須存在於一給定的容器内。 粒子的能量吸收係藉由一被稱作“相對運動,,的機制 而使其發生的。由相對運動所造成衰減上的改變,係可顯 示出其隨粒子的濃度而呈線性的增加,且為隨粒子與周圍 介質之間的密度差的平方值增加。K.J. Parker, et al., "A ParticulateContrast Agent with Potential for Ultrasound Imaging of Liver," Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, Vol. 13, No. 9, p.555 561 (1987)。因此,當發生固粒子實質上聚集時,衰減對 比作用可以疋一用以觀察顯像劑對比劑增強作用的活機 制’雖然此效果是比逆散射現象的程度低很多,且在心血 液診斷上不太具有用途。 光速的差異:另一個增強超音波顯像之對比作用的技 術,係基於音速會隨著其旅行穿過的介質而改變之事實而 被提出的。因此,若一足夠大體積且音速穿過其中會有不 同於周圍組織的音速之試劑,可輸注至該鎖定區域,而和 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) # --線-
^U176 Α7 ___________Β7____ 五、發明說明(5 ) 過該鎖疋區域所生成之音速上的不同係可被測量的。 絲上所言,診斷超音波係為一強力,不具有侵犯性之 工具,其可使用於獲致身體之内部器官的資料。灰色程度 的顯像與彩色都卜勒(D〇pp丨er)效用之來臨已大幅地改進了 該技術的範嘴與解析度。雖然用以進行診斷超音波之技術 以及用以製造與使用對比劑之技術已被顯著地改良,但仍 存在一需求,去增強該心臟灌注以及心室,固體器官,尿 道灌注,固體器官灌注之影像的解析度;在真正顯像期間 金液流速與流動方向之都卜勒信號。 各種天然與合成的聚合物已使用於囊封該顯像對比 劑,例如,空氣。Schneider et al_,Invest· Radiol., Vol. 27, pp. 134-139 (1992)揭示3微米、空氣填充之聚合粒子。該等粒 子係被報導出其在血漿且在應用的壓力下是安定的,但是 在2·5ΜΗζ下,其發生回聲作用十分低。另一種形式的微泡 懸浮液亦可自一經超音波治療的白蛋白中獲得。Fejnsfejn et al.,J. Am. Coll. Cadiol·,Vol.11, pp. 59-65(1988)。 Feinstein揭示一在活體外具有十分優良安定性之微泡,其 具有適合的大小’以供穿過肺部通道。但是,此等微泡由 於在壓力下不安定,而在活體内壽命短,即具有在幾秒鐘 級的半生期(其約為一循環的流程)。Gottlieb,S. et al.,J. Am.
Soc· Echo·,Vol. 3,pp_328 (1990),Abstract;與 Shapiro, J.R· et al_, J· Am_ Coll. Cadiol·,Vol. 16, pp.1603-1607(1990)。凝膠- 囊封之空氣泡為CanoMet al.所揭示(Canoll, B.A. et al.,
Invest. Radiol·, Vol· 15, pp.260-266 (1980)與 Canoll, B.A. et 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) t^J· --線· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 480176 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明(6) al.,Radiology, νοΙ.143, ρρ· 747-750(1982))。但是,因於其大 尺寸(10至80// m),而不可能穿過肺部的微細管。凝膠囊 封的微泡亦為 Rasor Associates, Inc揭示於 PCT/US80/00520。 此等皆是藉由“結合(colascing)”該凝膠所形成的。 藉由半乳糖之微結晶(SHU454與SHU 508)所安定化之 微泡亦為 Frizch et al所報導出。Fritzsch, T. et al.,Invest. Radiol· Vol· 23 (Suppl 1), pp. 302-305(1988);與 FritzschJ. et al. , Invest. Radiol·, Vol.25 (SuppM), 160-161 (1990)。該微 泡在活體外係可維持15分鐘,但在活體内則維持低於20秒 鐘。Rovai,D.et al.,J· Am. Coll. Cardiol.,Vol. 10,ρρ·125-134(1987);與 Smith, M. et al·, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol·,Vol.13, pp.1622-1628 (1989)。 為Schering Aktiengesellschan之歐洲專利申請案第 90901933.5號揭示供用於超音波顯像用的微囊封化之氣體 或揮發性液體的製備與使用,其中該微囊封係由合成聚合 物或多醣所形成的。Sinetica S.A·之歐洲專利申請案第 91810366.4號(0 458 745 A1)係揭示一為一被界面沈積出之 聚合物膜所限制之空氣或氣體微氣球,該微氣球係可分散 於一水性載劑中,以供注射到一宿主動物,或供口服、直 腸或尿道投藥,而用以治療或診斷的目的。Delta Biotechnology Limited之W0 92/18164係揭示藉由在諸如溫 度、喷霧比速,粒子大小與乾燥條件等十分受到控制的條 件下’來噴霧乾燥一蛋白質溶液,以形成具有氣體被捕獲 於其中之中空球體,進而製備出微粒子,以供顯像用。W0 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) f ——訂. --線· 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 480176 A7 B7 五、發明說明(7) 93/25242揭示一種用以超音波顯像之微粒子的合成,該粒 子係由被包含在一由聚氰丙嫦酸酯或聚酯所構成之殼内的 氣體所組成的。W0 92/21382揭示一種微粒子對比劑的製 造方式,其包含一共價地結合至包含有氣體之基賣上,其 中該基質係為碳水化合物。Unger之美國專利第5,334,281、 5,123,414與5,352,435號揭示使用作為超音波對比劑的脂小 體,其包含氣體,氣體先驅物,例如,一 pH活化或光活 化之氣體前驅物,以及其它液體或固體對比增強劑。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製
Quay之美國專利第5393524號係揭示使用包含有氟碳 化合物之試劑,以供增強在超音波顯像上的對比作用。該 試劑係由十分小之所選定氣體的泡泡或者微泡所組成,而 可在溶液中顯示出長的壽命,同時又小的足以穿過肺部, 而能夠使用於心臟血液系統與其它重要器官之超音波顯像 劑。Nycomed之W0 95/23615揭示用於顯像之微囊封劑,其 藉由一溶液(例如,一包含有一全氟化碳之蛋白質溶液) 凝聚作用而形成。Massachusetts Institute of Technology之 PCUUS94/08416揭示由聚乙二醇-(聚丙交酯-共-乙交酯)嵌 段聚合物所形成之微粒子,其具有被囊封於其中的顯像 劑,該顯像劑包含有諸如空氣或全氟碳化合物之類的氣 體。如Sonus Pharmaceutical, Inc.,之W0 94/16739所述,雖然 固體與液體可反應音波至一相似的程度,但氣體已知是較 具有效率的,且是使用作為超音波對比劑較佳的介質。事 實上,如Sonus PCT申請案實施例12所示,蛋白微囊封物 當其被應用於迷你豬中時,相對於乳化或膠狀懸浮液,因 -10· (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) --線· 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) /0 A7 ---------一 B7 五、發明說明(8 ) 造成::上的顧慮(以及效率的議題)而被摒棄。 完全無有揭示出可使用其它方法,例如X·攝影、陽電 子或光子放射X光斷層照像法或核磁共振顯像來檢測之微 粒子。 在所有的例子中,增強顯像劑之回聲作用,並結合有 增強或疋維持該顯像劑之安定性以及該顯像劑之製造容易 性’是十分想要的。_種增強—微粒子回聲作用之方法是 '曰強該被囊封於該循環微粒子内的氣體之時間。但不幸的 疋,在大夕的例子中,不管該氣體之特性或該囊封物質為 何’該氣體會十分快速的擴散出,特別是在血管循環環境 下。 因此,本發明之目的係提供一可顯著增強回聲作用之 微粒子纟發明之另一目的係提供一種包含有一顯像劑的 微粒子,該顯像劑可在活體内持續幾次的循環。本發明之 另一目的是欲提供一種可維持較長時間之經囊封化氣體的 微粒子,因而增強微粒子之回聲作用。 本發明的另一目的係提供一種包含有一顯像劑之微粒 子,本發明另一目的係提供一種含有一種可被鎖定至身體 專一區域之顯像劑的微粒子。本發明之另一目的是提供一 種製造一種具有顯像劑被捕入其中之微粒子。 發明摘要 已發現相較於未包含有脂質的微粒子,將氟化氣體, 特別是諸如八氟丙烷之全氟化碳,加入至由天然或合成的 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) il· ·-線· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 11 480176 A7
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 聚合物與脂質之組合所形成之微粒子,可達成一相當地被 〜強回聲作用。其它為非親脂性且可限制水擴散至微粒子 之非脂質化合物亦可加入該微粒子中,以增強該回聲作 用。在較佳實施射,1¾聚合物係為合成之可生物降解之 聚合物。該微粒子係T以一具有適合於欲被顯像出鎖定組 織的直徑來製造出的,例如,對於血管内投藥,為具有05 至8微米的直徑,而對於胃腸道或其它腔室之顯像用的口 服投藥,則是為具有0.5至5mm的直徑。較佳的聚合物係為 諸如聚(乳酸-共-乙醇酸)、聚(丙交酯)或聚(乙交酯) 之類的聚(羥基酸),而以綴合至聚乙二醇或其它可抑制 網狀内皮系統(RES)之攝取的材料為佳。而最佳係之脂質 係為W知質’較佳者為二棕櫚醢基鱗脂醢基膽驗(D p p 〇)、 二硬脂醢基磷脂醯基膽鹼(DSPC)、二花生四烯醯基磷脂醯 基膽鹼(DAPC)、二正二十二烷醯基磷脂醯基膽鹼(DBpc)、 二二十三烷醯基磷脂醯基膽-(DTPC)、二二十四烷醯基碟 脂酿基膽鹼(DLPC),其等係以一在〇 〇1-3〇 (w脂質/w聚合 物)之間的比例加入其中,而以在〇_1_1〇 ( w脂質/w聚合物) 之間的比例為佳。 此等微粒子之黏附作用亦可經由選用生物黏附性聚合 物而被增強或降低。例如,當聚合物係使用於口服投藥時, 該黏附性可予以加強。鎖定目標亦可藉由聚合物之選用或 在聚合物中加入配合子或將聚合物綴合至配合子來達成, 該等配合子可專一地結合至特定組織形態或細胞表面分 子。此久,該等配合子亦可接合至微粒子上,而影響該粒 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(21〇 X 297公釐) -12- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) t I訂、· ;線· A7
480176 五、發明說明(10) 子的電荷、親油性或親水性。該聚合性微粒子係可使用於 各種診斷顯像步驟中,包含有超音波顯像、核磁共振顯像、 螢光檢測、X-光檢測以及經電腦處理之局部X射線檢測法。 此等微粒子亦可使於各種顯像應用中,其包含有心臟學上 的應用、血液輸注上的應用以及用於器官與周圍靜脈顯像 用上的應用。 凰式簡要說明 第1圖係被包含至聚合性微粒子之脂質的碳鏈長之效 用,其係以卵磷脂(實圓圈)、DPPC (空方形)與DSPC (空菱形)與DAPC(X)之逆散射對時間(分鐘)作圖而 i明之詳細説明 本發明係提供一用以合成一聚合性輸送系統之方法, 該輸送系統係由包含有氣體(特別是全氟化碳)之聚合物 月曰質微粒子所構成。該微粒子可使用於各種診斷超音波 顯像應用上,特別是諸如血液血管顯像與回聲心動描記法 之超音波步驟中。相較於未加入額外脂質的微粒子,該等 額外脂質之加入可增加該回聲作用。 里製造微赵早之方法邀試却丨 如在此所使用者,微粒子一詞除非有特別說明,否則 其包含有微球體與微膠囊以及微粒子。微粒子在形狀上可 為球形或非球形。該微膠囊係被界定具有一用以包圍另一 本紙張尺度_ t關家標準規格⑽ X 297公釐) ---------.——β^·! (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 訂 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -13- 480176 A7
五、發明說明(U) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 個物質核Ή在此情況下’係為氣體)之外聚合物殼的微 粒子。該微球體一般係為固體聚合球體,如下所述,其可 包含有-由孔洞所形成之蜂高結構,經由該聚合物,該等 孔洞係被填充以一顯像目的用之氣體。 聚合物 非可生物降解與可生物降解基質皆可與脂質混合,以 供用於輸送氣體,雖然可生物降解之基質是較佳的,特別 是對靜脈投藥而言。非可蝕性之聚合物亦可於口服投藥上 使用。合成性聚合物是較佳的,因為其較可再生地被合成 與降解。該等聚合物係基於其在活體所需之安定性而加以 選擇出的,即依分佈至所欲顯像處所需之時間以及顯像所 需的時間,而選擇出。在一實施例中,具有一在約2〇至3〇 分鐘之間或更高之活體内安定性的微粒子係可被製造出, 以使用在,例如,諸如回聲心動描述法、神經描述法 (neurosongraphy)、子宮輸卵管X光攝影法以及對固體器官 之0斷步驟專應用上。該對比劑-囊封化之微粒子的活體 内安定性,係可在其生成期間,利用使用諸如一與聚乙二 醇(PEC)共聚化之聚丙交酯-共-乙交酯的聚合物來調整。 PEG若被暴露於外表面時,可延長該等物質的循,因為 為十分親水的。 代表性的合成聚合物係為:諸如聚(乳酸)、聚(乙 醇酸)以及聚(乳酸-共-乙醇酸)之聚(經基酸),聚丙 交酯,聚乙交酯,聚丙交酯·共·乙交酯共聚物及其等摻合 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) -14- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) t 1^1· 線· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作杜印製 480176 A7 —— B7 五、發明說明(12) 物,聚酸酐,聚原酸酯,聚醯胺,聚碳酸酯,諸如聚乙撐 基、聚丙禮基之聚燒撐基,諸如聚(乙二醇)之聚烧樓二 醇,諸如聚(環氧乙基)之聚環氧烷基,諸如乙撐基對酚 酞酸酯之聚烷撐基對酚酞酸酯,聚乙烯醇,聚乙烯醚,聚 乙晞酯,諸如聚乙婦氣之聚乙烯鹵化物,聚乙烯扯洛酮, 聚矽氧烷,聚(乙烯醇),聚(乙酸乙烯酯),聚苯乙烯, 聚安酸甲酯及其等共聚物,諸如烷基纖維素、羥烷基纖維 素、纖維素醚、纖維素酯、硝基纖維素、甲基纖維素、乙 基纖維素、羥基丙基纖維素、羥基·丙基甲基纖維素、羥 基丁基甲基纖維、纖維素乙酸酯、纖維素丙酸酯、纖維素 乙酸酯丁酸酯、纖維乙酸酯酚酞酸酯、羧基乙基纖維素、 纖維素三乙酸酯以及纖維硫酸酯鈉鹽之類的衍生化纖維素 (在此稱為“合成纖維”),丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸之聚合 物或其等共聚物或衍生物,包含有酯類、聚(甲基丙烯酸 甲醋)、聚(甲基丙烯酸乙酯)、聚(丁基甲基丙烯酸)、 聚(甲基丙烯酸異丁酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸己酯)、聚(甲 基丙烯酸異癸酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸月桂酯)、聚(甲基 丙烯酸苯酯)、聚(丙烯酸甲酯)、聚(丙烯酸異丙酯)、 聚(丙烯酸異丁酯)、聚(丙烯酸辛酯)(在此稱為“聚 丙烯酸”),聚(丁酸)、聚(戊酸)與聚(丙交酯·共_ 己内醋),其等共聚物或摻合物。在此使用的“衍生物” 包含具有化學取基團(例如,烷基,烷撐基)之取代、加 成,羥基化,氧化以及其它一般熟習此技藝人士所會進行 之修飾。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂-· -•線·
A7 B7____ 五、發明說明(13 ) 較佳之非可生物降解之聚合物的例子包含有乙撐基乙 稀乙酸酯’聚(甲基)丙稀酸,聚醢胺,其等之共聚物或 混合物。 較佳之可生物降解之聚合物的例子包含有羥基酸之聚 合物,例如,乳酸與乙醇酸,聚丙交酯,聚乙交酯,聚丙 交酯-共-聚乙交酯以及其與PEG之共聚物、聚酸酐、聚(原 酸酯)、聚氨酸甲酯、聚(丁酸)、聚(戊酸)與聚(丙 交酯-共己内酯)之共聚物。 較佳的天然聚合物包含有諸如白蛋白、醇溶蛋白之類 的蛋白質,例如玉米醇溶蛋白質,以及諸如藻酸、纖維與 聚羥基烷酸之類之多醣,例如聚羥基丁酸。 在黏膜表面(例如,在胃腸道)顯像使用上特別有意 義之生物可吸附性聚合物係包含有聚酸酐,聚丙烯酸,聚 (曱基丙稀酸甲酯),聚(甲基丙烯酸乙酯),聚(丁基 甲基丙稀酸甲酯),聚(甲基丙婦酸異丁酯),聚(己基 甲基丙烯酸甲酯),聚(甲基丙烯酸異癸指)聚(甲基丙 烯酸月桂酯),聚(曱基丙烯酸笨酯),聚(丙烯酸甲酯), 聚(丙烯酸異丙酯),聚(丙烯酸異丁酯)以及聚(丙稀 酸辛S旨)。 溶劑 如在此所界定者’聚合物溶劑係為一有機溶劑,其可 揮發’或具有相當低的 '’弗點’或可在真空下被去除,且复 為在人類投樂上微置時是可接受的,例如,二氣甲烧。其 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂· -線 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 ^0176 ^0176
五、發明說明(w) 它的溶劑,例如,乙酸乙酯,乙醇,甲醇,二曱基甲醯胺 (DMF)’乙酮,乙腈,四氫呋喃(THF),乙酸,二甲基亞颯(dms〇) 以及氯仿亦可以應用。一般而言,該聚合物係被溶解於一 溶劑中’以形成一具有重量對體積約在〇.1至6〇%(w/v)之 濃度的聚合物溶液,特別是〇.25至3〇%之濃度的聚合物溶 液。 親脂性化合物 脂質 一般而言,藉由加入有效量之親脂性化合物以限制微 粒子對水之穿透以及/或攝取,可有效地增加該等具有氣 體(特別是諸如全氟化碳之氟化氣體)被囊封於其中之聚 合性微粒子的回聲作用。可使用於安定化位在聚合性微粒 子内部之氣體的脂質包含有,但不限於下列:脂肪酸及其 衍生物、單、雙與三甘油脂、磷脂質、神經鞘脂質、膽固 醇與错類衍生物、萜烯與維生素。脂肪酸及其衍生物包含 有飽和與不飽和脂肪酸、奇數與偶數脂肪酸、順式與反式 異構物、包含有醇、酯、酸酐、羧基與前列腺之脂肪酸衍 生物。可使用的飽和與不飽和脂肪酸包含有,但不限於, 該等不論是呈直線或具支鏈之具有在12個碳原子至22個碳 原子之間的分子。可使用的飽和脂肪酸之例子,包含有, 但不限於,月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕櫚酸與硬脂酸。可使用 之不飽和脂肪酸的例子包含有,但不限於,月桂酸、四碳 -5·稀酸、肉豆蔻婦酸、棕櫊烯酸、十八碳冬稀酸與油酸。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(21〇 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -d. 線- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -17- 480176 A7 B7 五、發明說明(l5 可使用之具有支鏈的脂肪酸例子包含有,但不限於,異月 桂酸、異肉豆蔻酸、異棕櫚酸、異硬脂酸與異間戊二烯。 脂肪酸衍生物包含有12-(((7··二乙基胺基香豆醯素-3-基)羰 基)曱基胺基)十八烷酸;Ν-[12-(((7^二乙基胺基香豆醯素-3-基)羰基)曱基胺基)十八烷醯基]-2-胺基棕櫚酸,N-琥醯基 二油醯基磷脂醯基乙醇胺以及棕櫚醯基-高胱胺酸;以及 或其等組合。其等可使用之單、雙或三甘油脂係包含,但 不限於具有一在6至24碳原子之間脂肪酸或脂肪酸混合物 之分子,二半乳糖雙甘油脂、1,2-二油醯基-sn-甘油;1,2-二棕櫚醯基-sn-3-琥珀醯基甘油;以及1,2-二棕櫚醯基-sn-3· 琥珀醯基甘油。 可使用之磷脂質包含有,但不限於,磷脂酸、具有飽 和與不飽和脂質之磷脂醯基膽鹼、磷脂醯基乙醇胺、磷脂 醯基甘油、磷脂醯基絲胺酸、磷脂醯基肌醇、溶血磷脂醯 衍生物、心肌磷脂(cardioMpin)與冷-醯基-烷基磷脂。磷脂 質之例子包含有,但不限於,醯基磷脂醯基膽,例如,二 油醯基磷脂醯基膽鹼、二肉豆蔻醯基磷脂醯基膽鹼、二_ 十五醯基磷脂醯基膽鹼、二月桂醯基磷脂醯基膽鹼、二棕 櫚醯基磷脂醯基膽鹼(DPPC)、二硬脂醯基磷脂醯基膽鹼 (DSPC)、二花生四烯醯基磷脂醯基膽-(DApc)、二正二十 二烷醯基磷脂醯基膽鹼(DBPC)、二二十三烷醯基磷脂醯基 膽鹼(DTPC)、二二十四烷醯基磷脂醯基膽.(DLpc);以及 填脂醯基乙醇胺,例如,二油醯基碟脂醯基乙醇胺或】-十 六烧基-2_棕櫚醯基甘㈣脂乙醇胺。具有不對稱酿基鍵 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -a. 線_ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製
480176 A7
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 (例如,具有一 6個碳之醯鏈與另一 12個碳之醯鏈)的合 成磷脂亦可使用。 可使用的神經鞘脂質包含有神經酿胺、神經勒碌脂、 腦苷脂、神經節苷脂、硫酸腦苷脂與溶血硫酸腦苷脂。神 經勒脂質之例子包含有’但不限於,神經節苷脂Gm 1與 GM2 〇 .可使用之错類包含有,但不限於,膽固醇、膽固醇疏 酸酯、膽固醇半琥珀酸酯、6-(5-膽固醇-3沒-氧基)·己·6_胺 基-6-去氧基-1-硫基-a 喃甘露糖菩、6-(5-膽崔稀-3々·氧 基)-己-6-胺基-6-去氧基-1-硫基-α -吡喃甘露糖苷與膽固醇 基(4^三乙基35錢)丁酸。 其它可使用的脂質化合物包含有生育酴及其衍生物、 與油脂及衍生化之油脂,例如硬脂醯胺。 各種陽離子性脂質,例如DOTMA,Ν-[1(2,3-二油醢基 氧基)丙基-Ν,Ν,Ν-三甲基銨氯;DOTAP,1,2-二油醯基氧基-3-(二甲基叙)丙烧,與d〇BT’ 1,2 -二油酿基- 3- (4-三甲基録) 丁醯基-sn甘油,亦可使用。 最佳的脂質係為磷脂質,更佳者為DPPC、DDSPC、 DAPC、DTPC、DBPC、DLPC,而 DPPC、DAP與 CDBPC尤佳。 脂質的含量範圍係在自0.01至30 (w脂質/w聚合物) 之範圍内;路最佳者係在0.1-10(w脂質/w聚合物)。 其它親脂性化合物 其它較佳之親脂性化合物包含有諸如色胺酸、酪胺 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) -19- Γ4先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} t-T· 線· A7
五、發明說明(Π) 酸、異白胺酸、白胺酸與纈胺酸之類的胺基酸,諸如對羥 基苯甲酸烷脂(例如,對羥基苯甲酸甲酯)與笨甲酸之類 的芳香化合物。 顯像卸丨 I體 任何生物可相容或藥學上可接受的氣體皆可加入該微 粒子内。該氣體一詞係指任可為氣體之化合物或者能夠在 欲進行顯像的溫度下形成氣體之化合物。該氣體可由諸如 氧、氮、氬、氖、氮之單一化合物或該等化合物之混合物 (例如空氣)所構成的。全氟化碳氣體是較佳的。氣體之 例子包含CF4、C2F6、c3f8、SFe、(^4與C3Fe。全氟丙烷是 尤佳的,蓋因其可提供一在使用的溫度下不會凝集且是藥 學上可接受之不可溶氣體。 甚它的顯像劑 其它的顯像劑亦可加入以取代該氣體或與該氣體相組 合。可應用之顯像劑包含有商業上可取得之試劑,該等試 劑係使用於陽電子放射X-光斷層照像法(PET)、電腦輔助 局部X攝影法(CAT)、X射線檢測法、螢光檢測法與核磁共 振顯像法(MRI)。微粒子中所承載之該等試劑係可利用此 技藝中之標準技術以及商業上可取得的設備來加檢測。 在MRI中可使用作為對比劑之適合物質的例子包含現 今可取得之鎵鏘(gatalinlum)螯合劑,例如二乙撑基三胺五 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) k^· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -20- 480176 Α7 Β7 五、發明說明(18) 乙酸(DTPA)與銀戊酸二葡胺(gat〇pent〇⑻e djmeg|umjne),以 及鐵、鎂、猛、鋼與鉻。 可使用於CAT與X射線檢測法之物質包含有供靜脈投 藥之以埃為主的物質,諸如被泛影酸化(djatriZ〇ate)與被磁 欧酸化(iothalamate)之典型離子性單體,諸如i0pamid0卜 isohexo丨與i〇ve「sol之類之非離子性單體,諸如·丨〇t「〇丨與 lohixano丨之類的非離子性二聚體以及諸如j〇xaga丨化之類的離 子性二聚體。其它可使用的物質包含有口服使用的鋇。 微粒子及其Μ造方法 在最佳的實施例中,該微粒子係藉由喷霧乾燥方式來 生成。其它的技術亦可使用,例如以下所討論之溶劑萃取、 熱熔W囊封以及溶劑蒸發作用。一重要的重點在於該聚合 物在形成該微粒子前,必須可與脂質一起溶解於或熔融。 雖有特別指出一脂質的加入,但可明白的是其它有用的親 脂性化合物亦可用以取代該脂質。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -線· 在較佳實施例中,該氣體係以下列方式被取代的:先 施用一所欲之氣體氣流至該微粒子上,或者對該微粒子抽 真空以去除該囊封氣體,而後再填充以該所欲的氣體。 在此方法中,該聚合物與脂質係被溶解 於可揮發性有機溶劑,例如二氣甲烷。一呈固態或為水溶 液形式之孔洞形成試劑可加至該溶液中,以用以形成該作 欲加入氣體而作為顯像劑之微粒子。若其它的顯像劑欲被 加入其中時,顯像劑可以呈固體或液體之形式加入該聚合 本紐尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(21G χ 297公爱) —--. /〇 A7
訂 • «
480176 A7 B7 五、發明說明(20) <請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 粒子外表面一般係平滑且緻密的。此步驟係可使用於製備 由聚S旨及聚酸酐所製成之微粒子。但是,此一方法被限用 於具有在1000-50,000之間之分子量的聚合物。 熱熔融微囊封作用係揭示於E. Mathiowitz, et al.,
Reactive Polymers,6, 275 (1987)。聚酸酐,例如,由雙·羧 酸苯氧基丙烷與癸二酸以莫耳比為2〇:80(P(CPP-比 SA)20:80)(Mw 20,000)所製成之聚酸酐,可藉由熱熔融微囊 封化作用來予以製備,例如,聚(反式丁烯二酸_共_癸二酸 (20_80)(|\/|\/\/15,000)微粒子係可藉由熱熔融微囊封化作用來 予以製備。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 c.溶劑的去除此技術基本上係對聚酸酐所設計的。 在此方法中,該孔洞形成試劑係被分散或者被溶解在一由 被配置於一揮發性有機溶劑(例如,二氣甲烷)内之選定 聚合物與脂質所構成之溶液中。該混合物係藉由在一有機 油(例如,矽酮油)中攪拌而被散浮,而形成一乳化劑。 不同於溶劑蒸發,此方法可使用於自具有高溶融點以及不 同分子量之聚合物來製得微球體。以此技術所生成之粒子 的外在形狀係高度地隨所用的聚合物形式而改變。 d·微粒子之喷霧乾㉟冑粒子可以喷霧乾燥來製得, 其係藉由溶解一生物可相容之聚合物與脂質至一適合的溶 劑,分散一孔洞形成劑至該聚合物溶液中,而後喷霧乾燥 該聚合物溶液,以形成微粒子。如在此所界定的,“喷霧 ㈣” _由—聚合物與_孔洞形成劑所構成之溶液的步驟 係“步驟,其中浴液係霧化,以形成—微細的霧狀,並 巧氏張尺度剌巾關家標準(CNS)A4規格— X 297公釐) 23- ^0176 ^0176
五、發明說明(21 直接與適合的熱載體氣體相接觸而將之乾燥。使用可在此 技*中可取付之喷霧乾燥裝置,該聚合物溶液係被輸送經 過該噴霧乾燥器之入口,流經在該乾燥器内的管路,而後 經由該出口霧化。該溫度係依所使用之氣體或聚合物而變 化。該入口與出口之溫度可被控制,以生成所欲的產物。 聚合物溶液之粒子化的尺寸乃是所用以喷霧該聚合物 之喷嘴、喷嘴壓力、流速、所使用的聚合物、該聚合物之 >辰度、該》谷劑之形式以及喷霧的溫度(入口與出口的溫度) 以及分子量之函數。一般而言,在設若濃度是相同的情況 下’分子量愈高,粒子尺寸就愈大。一般之用以喷霧乾燥 的方法參數係為下列:聚合物濃度=0.005-0.20 g/m|、入口 溫度=30-1000°C、出口溫度=20-1001、聚合物流速=5_2〇〇 ml/分鐘,以及喷嘴直徑=〇.2-4mm ID。直徑範圍在1至1〇微 米内的微球體係可以一形狀得之,該形狀係依賴於聚合 物、濃度、分子量與噴霧流速之選用。 右顯像劑係為固態’則該試劑係以固體粒子被囊封, 該粒子係在噴霧前被加入該聚合物溶液内,或者該顯像劑 可被溶解於一水溶液,而後在噴霧前將其與聚合物溶液相 乳化。 e_水凝膠微球體由凝膠形式之聚合物(例如,聚鱗 氮烯(polyphosphazene)或聚曱基甲基丙烯酸酯)係可藉由 下列方式來步驟·溶解該聚合物在一水溶液中,若有需要, 散浮一孔洞形成劑以及散浮一脂質於該混合物中,均質化 該混合物,再經由一微滴粒(microdroplet)形成裝置來擠壓, 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) -24 - (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 480176 A7 ' ----— ______ 五、發明說明(22) 成微滴'粒所生成微滴粒係落入-被緩慢地授拌之由 一相反電荷離子或聚合電解溶液所構成的硬化浴中。該系 、先的k點係其靶夠在製造後,藉由塗覆以諸如聚離胺酸之 類的聚陽離子之聚合物,而進_步的修飾該微球體之表 面。該微球體粒子係可使用各種尺寸的擠壓ϋ來控制。 I助於撒勒:早來戎之添加部丨 各種表面活性劑係可在包含有顯像劑之微粒子合成期 間中加入。可使用之乳化劑或表面活性劑(〇 1 ·5重量% ) 之例子包含有最為生理上所接受的乳化劑。該等例子包含 有天然或合成的膽酸鹽膽酸,該二者可為胺基酸綴合者或 為未經綴合者,例如,牛磺去氧膽酸與膽酸。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 線· 其亦可包含有一在〇_〇1%至9〇%重量對體積之量的孔 洞形成劑,以增加孔洞的形成。例如,在噴霧乾燥、在溶 劑蒸發中,諸如可揮發性鹽(例如,碳酸氫銨,乙酸銨, 氯化銨或苯甲酸銨或其它可真空冷凍乾燥之鹽類)之類的 孔洞成劑係首先溶解於水中。而後將該包含有孔洞形成劑 之溶液以聚合物溶液乳化之,以在聚合物中形成孔洞形成 劑之微滴粒。再將該乳化液喷霧乾燥或經過溶劑蒸發/萃 取步驟,該經硬化的微球體係被冷凍並被真空冷凍乾燥, 以去除孔洞形成劑。 微粒子的尺寸 在供用以製備一能夠流經肺微細管架之可注射微粒 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(21〇 X 297公釐) 480176
五、發明說明(23) 的較佳貫施例中’該微粒子應具有一在約1至1 〇微米之間 的直徑。較大的微粒子係被集結在肺架上,而較小的微粒 子無法提供足夠的回聲作用。較大的微粒子可使用於夢由 非注射之路徑來投藥,例如,口服投藥(以評詁胃腸道情 況)’投藥至其它黏膜表面(例如直腸、陰道、口服、鼻 内)或吸入投藥。口服用之較佳粒子尺寸係為約〇5微米 至5mm。可用的藥學上可接受載劑包含有一含有甘油與 TWEEN™20之鹽水以及含有!^日以]2〇之等張甘露醇。粒 子尺寸的分析較佳是利用在一光學顯微鏡、掃描式電子顯 微鏡或穿透式電子顯微鏡而在C〇u|ter計數器上進行的。 (請先閱讀背面之注意ί項再填寫本頁)
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 目標鎖定 該微粒子係可經由形成微粒子之聚合物之選用、微粒 子之尺寸以及對微粒子之配合子的加入或接合,而被專一 地鎖定或非專一鎖定的,。例如,生物活性分子或可影響粒 子之電荷、親脂性或親水性之分子係可接合至該微粒子的 表面。此外’分子亦可被接合至該該等使組織黏附作用降 至最低之微粒子,或者被接合至在活體内有助於專一目標 鎖定之微粒子。代表之目標鎖定粒分子包含有抗體、植物 凝集素或其它可為一在一特定形態之細胞表面上的受體所 專一結合之分子。 EES攝取之抑制作q 該微粒子之攝取與去除,係可經由聚合物之選用以及 本紙張尺度週用中關家標準(CNS)A4規格⑽χ 297公楚) -26- 訂 線 ί /〇
五、 發明說明(24) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 或該等可使黏附作用或攝取作用降至最低之分子的加入 或偶合,而被降至最低。例如,微粒子之組織黏附作用, 係可藉由共價地將聚(烷撐基二醇)部分結合至微粒子的 表面而被降至最低。該表面聚(烷撐基二醇)部分對水具 有兩親和力,而可降低蛋白質吸附至該粒表面子上的作 用。因此,該網狀内皮系統(RES)之微粒子的認知與攝取 會被降低。 例如,該聚(烷撐基二醇)之端部羥基係使用於將生 物活性分子或可影響粒子之電荷、親水性或親脂性之分子 共價接合至該微粒子之表面上。在此技術中已知的方法皆 可使用於接合一廣範圍的配合子至該微粒子上,以增強在 活體内該微粒子之輸送特性、安定性或其它特性。 塗斷應用 •線· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 微粒子一般係與藥學上可接受的載劑,例如,經磷酸 鹽緩衝之鹽水或者鹽水或甘露醇,相組合,而後使用於適 合路徑,而將一供檢測用之有效量投藥至_病人,一般係 藉由注射至血管内(i.v.)或口服。含有一囊封化顯像劑的微 粒子係可使用於血管顯像與使用於肝臟、腎臟疾病上之應 用、心臟病上的應用、腫瘤物質與組織之檢測與定出特徵, 以及使用於測量周圍血液速度。微粒子可與該等可使組織 黏附性降至最低之配合子相鏈接,或者,如前所述,與該 等可在活體内將微粒子鎖定至身體之特定區域上之配合子 相鍵接。 上述的方法與組成物經參考下列非限制用之實施例而 i紙張尺度適用中關家標準(CNS)A4規格(21G x 297公楚 -—------ 480176 A7 B7 五、發明說明(25) 被可被進一步地了解。 實施例1 :具有印鱗脂之八氟丙烧PEG-PLGA/PLGA微粒子 的製備 · 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) --線· 3.2克之PEG-PLGA (75:25) (IV =0_75 dL/g Birmingham聚合 物)、6.4g PLGA (50:50) (IV=0.4 dL/g Heney Chemicals), 23 mg 卵填脂(Spectrum Chemicals)與 193mg之棕橺酸(Spectrum Chemicals)係溶解於 190ml 二氣甲烷中。10.8ml之0.70 g/ml 乙 酸銨係加入該聚合物溶液中,且該聚合物/乙酸銨係被加 入聚合物溶液,並使用Virtis均質器將該聚合/乙酸銨溶 液之混合物在10,000 RPM下均質1分鐘。該溶液係在流速 為20 ml/min下幫浦之,並使用Bucchi Lab喷霧乾燥器將之 喷霧乾燥。該進口之溫度為40°C。收集該微粒子粉末,並 在FTS盤冷凍乾燥器下冷凍乾燥12〇小時。該微粒子係分 樣至5 ml Purform小瓶,並以止動器來密封並將之阻塞。該 小瓶在10 psig下係被填充以八氟丙院,並在該氣體下連續 地π洗二次。在此點後,該小瓶係儲存於4 下,直至使 用。該等粒子在具有數平均值為2_〇微米之c〇u丨ter計數器 上分別其大小時,該粒子之直徑係落在彳_彳〇微米的範圍 内。掃描式電子顯微鏡顯示一般被生成球形之粒子具有平 滑的表面,但偶爾表面是呈細齒狀。 :具有二棕櫚醯基磷酸醯基膽鹼(Dppc)i八氟丙 烷PEG-PLGA/PLGA微粒子的製備 ΐ紙張尺度適用中關家標準(CNS)A4規格(21G X 297公釐--------------_ 480176 A7 B7_ 五、發明說明(26) 以實施例1所述之方式來製備微粒子,除了使用29.6 mg之二棕橺醢基填酸醢基膽驗(Avanti,Bi「mingham A1)取代 卵礙脂。 f施例3 ••具有二硬脂醯基磷酸醯基膽鹼(DSPC)之八氟丙 烷PEG-PLGA/PLGA微粒子的製備 以實施例1所述之方式來製備微粒子,除了使用 29.9mg之二硬脂醯基磷酸醯基膽鹼(Avanti,Birmingham A1) 取代卵磷脂。 f施例4 :具有二花生四烯醯基磷酸醯基膽鹼(DAPC)之八 氟丙烷PEG-PLGA/PLGA微粒子的製備 以實施例1所述之方式來製備微粒子,除了使用 29.9mg之二花生四烯醯基磷酸醯基膽鹼(Avanti,Bi「mingham A1)取代卵磷脂。 f施例5 :微粒子逆散射之活體外測量 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) --線- 由實施例1-4所製得之不同之含有八氟丙烷之聚合性 微粒子的逆散射,係可藉由將1 〇ml的微粒子懸浮液暴露至 一經集中之超音波柱。該為深入樣品之深度函數的逆散射 音波能量,係以下述方式來決定出。使用一脈衝式_接收 器(Panametric®Mocdel 5800)電擊激起一超音波集中之傳感 ^§(2.25MHz)’該傳感裔可將一超音波脈衝送至在生理食鹽 水中之微粒子懸浮液。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公楚) --- 480176 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明(27) 該懸浮液被容納於一圓柱形之樣品室(55ml之食鹽 水),該樣品室係位在被調整至37°C之溫度控制水浴内。 該室是位在離傳感器1.5吋之位置,以使該傳感器聚集該 室之音波視窗。該室以15rpm之速度來旋轉,以持維該等 微粒粒子呈懸浮液狀態。食鹽中之溶解氣體的含量係可持 維在約90%之空氣飽和狀態,此係以溶解計量器(〇ri〇n农 mode 1840)來測定的。該音波測試系統之操作係藉由%運 行一由 LabVIEW® (National InstrumentPC® )所寫之適當程式 來加以控制。該電腦會促使該脈衝接收器去電擎激化超音 波傳感器。 該逆散射信號係可利用相同的傳感器來接收,且該轉 回之#號係措由衝接收裔早元而放大。經放大之信號傳至 一在100MSa/s下數位化之數位化示波器(LeCroy® model 9310A)。該經數位化之信號再經加工。該信號係為乘平方 並以FFT加以分析,並對該傳導器之6 dB寬帶進行積分。 由該系統所收集之音波資料,在特定之單元上係以該微粒 子懸浮液之深度函數而被轉變成積分逆散射功率(丨Bp)。平 均出由50個脈衝所得之該IBP對深度的資料,由該平均丨Bp 決定出最適合的直線,並決定出正比於該逆散射係數之^ 切點。每一個樣品係在2.5分鐘之期間内測定,其整體之 測試期係為10分鐘。 該四種不同微粒子群對時間函數的逆散射情況,是顯 示於第1圖中。卵磷脂係各種不同鏈長磷脂之混合物。隨 接合至該填脂膽驗之脂肪酸鏈長度的增加,該逆散射強产 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) -30- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 480176 A7 __B7 五、發明說明(28) 是可持維在一段較久的期間,此顯示在該微粒子内的八I 丙烷之安定性是被增加的。相較於含有卵磷脂之磷脂混合 物,使用高度純化之磷脂在安定化氣體方面亦是有效地。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) -31- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
Claims (1)
- A8 B8 C8480176 六、申請專利範圍 第86102919號專利再審查案申請專利範圍修正本 修正日期:88年12月 1 · 種用以製造供用於診斷顯像用之微粒子的方法,其 中該等微粒子係由一生物上可相容之聚合物所形成, 且其中併入有氣體,該方法之特徵在於, (a) 在开》成該等微粒子之前,藉由將該聚合物與一 疏水性化合物溶解於一有機溶劑中,或令該聚合物熔 化於該疏水性化合物中,而使該聚合物併入於該疏水 性化合物内; (b) 藉由移除聚合物溶劑或冷卻該聚合物,而形成 該等微粒子; 其中在該微粒子中,該疏水性化合物係以一相較於 不具有該疏水性化合物之微粒子的回聲作用更為有效 於增進微粒子之回聲作用的用量,與該聚合物相混 合;以及 其中該疏水性化合物係選自於由脂肪酸、脂肪酸 醇、脂肪酸酐、羥基脂肪酸、前列腺素、磷脂質、神 經鞘脂質、類固醇與類固醇衍生物、脂溶性維生素、 萜烯、色胺酸、酪胺酸、異白胺酸、白胺酸、纈胺酸、 烷基對羥苯甲酸酯與苯甲酸所構成之群中。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該疏水性化合物 係以一疏水性化合物對聚合物之重量比係在〇.〇1至30 之間的比例而被併入至該聚合物。 3· 如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,其中該疏水性化合物 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) ---------.——9-------訂---------線· (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -32- 480176 A8 B8 C8 D8 經 濟 部 智 慧 財 產 局 員 工 消 費 合 作 社 印 製 申請專利範圍 係為一以脂質對聚合物之重量比係在0·01至30之間的 比例而被併入至該聚合物的脂質。 如申請專利範圍第丨項之方法,其中該疏水性化合物 係選自於下列群中:磷脂酸、具有飽和與不飽和脂質 之填脂醯基膽鹼、磷脂醯基乙醇胺、磷脂醯基甘油、 填脂醯基絲胺酸、磷脂醯基肌醇、溶血填脂醯衍生物、 心肌磷脂(cardiolipin)與石-醯基-烷基磷脂。 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中該填脂質係選自 於下列群中· 一油酿基碟脂酿基膽驗、二肉豆蔻酿基 磷脂醯基膽鹼、二-十五醯基磷脂醯基膽鹼、二月桂 酿基鱗脂醯基膽鹼、二棕櫚醯基磷脂醯基膽鹼、二硬 脂醯基磷脂醯基膽鹼、二花生四烯醯基磷脂醯基膽 鹼、二正二十二烷醯基磷脂醯基膽鹼、二-二十三 醯基磷脂醯基膽鹼、二-二十四烷醯基磷脂醯基膽 以及碟脂酸基乙醇胺。 如申請專利範圍第丄項之方法,其中該氣體係為一 自於下列群中之氣體:氟化氣體、氧氣、氙氣、氬氣 氦氣及空氣。 如申請專利範圍第夕士、l ,固乐0項之方法,其中該氣體係擇自下列群中:cf4、C2F<、r F Ο τ: ^2 6 l3f8、c4F8、c4f10、sf6、c2f 與 c3f6。; 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中該氣體係為八 丙烧。 如申請專利範圍第i項之古、1 &丄 %之方法,其中該微粒子係由 4. 5. 烧 鹼 6. 8. 9· i紙張尺度適用中酬家標準(CNS)A4規格 選 於 氟 --------------------^丨訂"--------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -33Μ'申請專利範圍 合成聚合物所形成。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 如申咕專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該微粒子係由一 天然聚合物所形成。 u.如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該微粒子係由一 生物黏附性聚合物所形成。 I2·如申請專利範圍第9項之方法,其中該微粒子係由一 選自於下列之合成聚合物所形成:聚(羥基酸)、聚 酸酐、聚原酸酯、聚醯胺、聚碳酸酯、聚烷烯、聚烷 撐二醇、聚環氧烷基、聚烷撐基對酚酞酸酯、聚乙烯 醇、聚乙烯_、聚乙烯酯、聚乙烯鹵化物、聚乙烯吡 咯酮、聚矽氧烷、聚(乙烯醇)、聚(乙酸乙烯酯)、聚 苯乙烯、聚胺基甲酸酯及此等之共聚物、合成纖維素、 聚丙烯酸、聚(丁酸)、聚(戊酸)及聚(丙交酯-共-己内 S曰)、乙撐基乙烯基乙酸酯,此等之共聚物與此等之 換合物。 13· —種供用於診斷顯像之組成物,其包含併有一氣體之 緩濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作杜印製 生物上可相容的聚合性微粒子,該微粒子係由下列步 驟所形成: (a) 在形成該4微粒子之前,將該聚合物與一疏水 性化合物溶解於一有機溶劑中,或令該聚合物熔化於 該疏水性化合物中; (b) 藉由移除該溶劑或冷卻該聚合物來形成該等微 粒子; 其中在該微粒子中,該疏水性化合物係以一相較於 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(21Q x 297公爱)- -34- 8888 ABCD 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 六、申請專利範圍 不具有該疏水性化合物之微粒子的回聲作用更為有效 於增進微粒子之回聲作用的用量,與該聚合物相混 合;以及 其中該疏水性化合物係選自於由脂肪酸、脂肪酸 醇、脂肪酸酐、羥基脂肪酸、前列腺素、填脂質、神 經鞘脂質、類固醇與類固醇衍生物、脂溶性維生素、 枯婦、色胺酸、絡胺酸、異白胺酸、白胺酸、顯胺酸、 烷基對羥苯甲酸酯與苯甲酸所構成之群中。 一 i4·如申請專利範圍第13項之組成物,其中該疏水性化合 物係以一疏水性化合物對聚合物之重量比係在〇〇 j至 3 0之間的比例而與該聚合物相結合。 15·如申請專利範圍第13項之組成物,其中該疏水性化合 物係為一以脂質對聚合物之重量比係在0·01至3〇之間 的比例而被併入該聚合物的脂質。 16·如申請專利範圍第13項之組成物,其中該疏水性化合 物係選自於下列群中:磷脂酸、具有飽和與不飽和脂 質之磷脂醯基膽鹼、磷脂醯基乙醇胺、磷脂醯基甘油、 磷脂醯基絲胺酸、磷脂醯基肌醇、溶血磷脂醯衍生物、 心肌構脂(cardiolipin)與/5 -醯基-烷基填脂。 17·如申請專利範圍第16項之組成物,其中該磷脂質係選 自於下列群中··二油醯基磷脂醯基膽鹼、二肉豆蔻醯 基填脂醯基膽鹼、二-十五醯基填脂醯基膽鹼、二月 桂醯基磷脂醯基膽鹼、二棕櫚醯基磷脂醯基膽鹼、二 硬脂醯基磷脂醯基膽鹼、二花生四烯醯基磷脂醯基贍 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公爱) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) - n ϋ ϋ an ϋ t§ 一 Mm -ϋ n n ·ϋ -線. -35 - 480176 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 鹼、二正二十二烷醯基磷脂醯基膽鹼、二_二十三烧 醯基麟脂醯基膽驗、二-二十四烧醯基蹲脂醯基膽鹼 以及磷脂醯基乙醇胺。 18·如申請專利範圍第13項之組成物’其中該氣體係為一 選自於下列群中之氣體:氟化氣體、氧氣、氙氣、氬 氣、氦氣及空氣。 19.如申請專利範圍第18項之組成物,其中該氣體係擇自 於下列群中:CF4、C2F6、C3F8、C4F8、C4F1()、SF6、 C2F4與 C3F6。 20·如申請專利範圍第19項之組成物,其中該氣體係為八 氟丙烧。 21·如申請專利範圍第13項之組成物,其中該微粒子係由 一合成聚合物所形成。 22·如申請專利範圍第21項之組成物,其中該微粒子係由 一選自於下列之合成聚合物所形成:聚(羥基酸)、 聚酸酐、聚原酸酯、聚醯胺、聚碳酸酯、聚烷烯、聚 烷撐二醇、聚環氧烷基、聚烷撐基對酚酞酸酯、聚乙 烯醇、聚乙稀謎、聚乙稀S旨、聚乙婦南化物、聚乙婦 °比咯酮、聚矽氧烷、聚(乙烯醇)、聚(乙酸乙烯酯)、 聚苯乙烯、聚胺基甲酸酯及此等之共聚物、合成纖維 素、聚丙烯酸、聚(丁酸)、聚(戊酸)及聚(丙交酯-共-己内酯)、乙撐基乙烯基乙酸酯,此等之共聚物與此 等之掺合物。 23·如申請專利範圍第15項之組成物,其中該脂質與該聚 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -------訂·--------線 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -36 - 480176 Α8Cl _ D8六、申請專利範圍 合物一起被液化,以形成該微粒子。 24·如申明專利範圍第23項之組成物,其中該脂質與該聚 合物被溶解於一供該二者用之溶劑内,而後再被形成 一微粒子。 25·如申讀專利範圍第23項之組成物,其中該氣體係在該 聚合物與該脂質固化後被併入至該微粒子内。 26.如申請專利範圍第13項之組成物,其中該聚合物係為 一選自於由蛋白質與多醋所構成之群中的天然聚合 物0 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印制衣 27· —種用以增進微粒子之疏水性的方法,該等微粒子係 由一生物上可相容之疏水性聚合物所構成,且併有一 氣體顯像劑,該方法之特徵在於, 在形成該4微粒子之前,將該聚合物與一疏水性化 合物溶解於一有機溶劑中,或令該聚合物熔化於該疏 水性化合物中; 藉由移除該溶劑或冷卻該聚合物來形成該等微粒 子; 其中在該微粒子中,該疏水性化合物係以一相較於 不具有該疏水性化合物之微粒子的回聲作用更為有效 於增進微粒子之回聲作用的用量,與該聚合物相混 合。 如申吻專利犯圍第27項之方法’其中該疏水性化合物 係選自於由脂肪酸、脂肪酸醇、脂肪酸肝、經基脂肪 酸、前列腺素、磷脂質、神經鞘脂質、類固醇與類固(210 X 297 公釐) ------------—訂· 線丨 -37- 480176 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 醇衍生物、脂溶性維生素、萜烯、色胺酸、酪胺酸、 異白胺酸、白胺酸、纈胺酸、烷基對羥苯甲酸酯與苯 曱酸所構成之群中。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) -38-
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/681,710 US5837221A (en) | 1996-07-29 | 1996-07-29 | Polymer-lipid microencapsulated gases for use as imaging agents |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW480176B true TW480176B (en) | 2002-03-21 |
Family
ID=24736442
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW086102919A TW480176B (en) | 1996-07-29 | 1997-03-10 | Polymer-lipid microencapsulated gases for use as imaging agents |
Country Status (25)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5837221A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0957942B2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2987212B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100477876B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1092989C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE269107T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU720727B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9711109B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2260938C (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ32899A3 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69729579T3 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0957942T4 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2223080T5 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1023939A1 (zh) |
HU (1) | HU226584B1 (zh) |
ID (1) | ID17646A (zh) |
IL (1) | IL128163A (zh) |
MY (1) | MY130324A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO318460B1 (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ333864A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL188011B1 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT957942E (zh) |
TW (1) | TW480176B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1998004292A2 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA971813B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (73)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20010024638A1 (en) * | 1992-11-02 | 2001-09-27 | Michel Schneider | Stable microbubble suspensions as enhancement agents for ultrasound echography and dry formulations thereof |
US5205290A (en) * | 1991-04-05 | 1993-04-27 | Unger Evan C | Low density microspheres and their use as contrast agents for computed tomography |
DE19510690A1 (de) * | 1995-03-14 | 1996-09-19 | Schering Ag | Polymere Nano- und/oder Mikropartikel, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung, sowie Verwendung in medizinischen Diagnostik und Therapie |
JP3634869B2 (ja) * | 1996-08-02 | 2005-03-30 | アメルシャム ヘルス アクスイェ セルスカプ | 造影剤における又はこれに関する改良 |
US6284375B1 (en) * | 1996-10-18 | 2001-09-04 | Tuo Jin | Lipid vesicle system |
WO1998023298A1 (en) * | 1996-11-25 | 1998-06-04 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Perfluorinated-ether compositions as diagnostic contrast agents |
DE19758157A1 (de) * | 1997-03-27 | 1998-10-01 | Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff | Homogene, Glycerophospholipide und polare oder lipophile Substanzen enthaltende, wasserfreie Formulierungen und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
DE69838669T2 (de) * | 1997-04-30 | 2008-10-30 | Point Biomedical Corp., San Carlos | Mikropartikel, geeignet als kontrastmittel im ultraschall und zur wirkstoffgabe in den blutkreislauf |
US6867248B1 (en) | 1997-05-12 | 2005-03-15 | Metabolix, Inc. | Polyhydroxyalkanoate compositions having controlled degradation rates |
US6610764B1 (en) | 1997-05-12 | 2003-08-26 | Metabolix, Inc. | Polyhydroxyalkanoate compositions having controlled degradation rates |
ES2218685T3 (es) * | 1997-06-13 | 2004-11-16 | Nanodel Technologies Gmbh | Sistema para direccion de farmaco, procedimiento para su preparacion y su utilizacion. |
US6828357B1 (en) | 1997-07-31 | 2004-12-07 | Metabolix, Inc. | Polyhydroxyalkanoate compositions having controlled degradation rates |
US20010003580A1 (en) | 1998-01-14 | 2001-06-14 | Poh K. Hui | Preparation of a lipid blend and a phospholipid suspension containing the lipid blend |
US6730322B1 (en) | 1998-04-30 | 2004-05-04 | Acusphere, Inc. | Matrices formed of polymer and hydrophobic compounds for use in drug delivery |
US6423345B2 (en) | 1998-04-30 | 2002-07-23 | Acusphere, Inc. | Matrices formed of polymer and hydrophobic compounds for use in drug delivery |
US20030059465A1 (en) * | 1998-05-11 | 2003-03-27 | Unger Evan C. | Stabilized nanoparticle formulations of camptotheca derivatives |
US6444192B1 (en) | 1999-02-05 | 2002-09-03 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Diagnostic imaging of lymph structures |
EP1159015A1 (en) | 1999-03-04 | 2001-12-05 | Tepha, Inc. | Bioabsorbable, biocompatible polymers for tissue engineering |
EP1202670A4 (en) * | 1999-08-13 | 2004-11-10 | Point Biomedical Corp | HOLLOW MICROSPHERES WITH CONTROLLED FRAGILITY FOR MEDICAL USE |
AU6635900A (en) * | 1999-08-13 | 2001-03-13 | Point Biomedical Corporation | Microparticles useful as ultrasonic contrast agents and for lymphatic system |
US6689062B1 (en) | 1999-11-23 | 2004-02-10 | Microaccess Medical Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for transesophageal cardiovascular procedures |
US20040009229A1 (en) * | 2000-01-05 | 2004-01-15 | Unger Evan Charles | Stabilized nanoparticle formulations of camptotheca derivatives |
US20020041898A1 (en) * | 2000-01-05 | 2002-04-11 | Unger Evan C. | Novel targeted delivery systems for bioactive agents |
US20030152636A1 (en) * | 2000-02-23 | 2003-08-14 | Nanopharm Ag | Method of treating cancer |
US6762566B1 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2004-07-13 | Science Applications International Corporation | Micro-component for use in a light-emitting panel |
US6545422B1 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2003-04-08 | Science Applications International Corporation | Socket for use with a micro-component in a light-emitting panel |
US6801001B2 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2004-10-05 | Science Applications International Corporation | Method and apparatus for addressing micro-components in a plasma display panel |
US6796867B2 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2004-09-28 | Science Applications International Corporation | Use of printing and other technology for micro-component placement |
US6764367B2 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2004-07-20 | Science Applications International Corporation | Liquid manufacturing processes for panel layer fabrication |
US6935913B2 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2005-08-30 | Science Applications International Corporation | Method for on-line testing of a light emitting panel |
US7288014B1 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2007-10-30 | Science Applications International Corporation | Design, fabrication, testing, and conditioning of micro-components for use in a light-emitting panel |
US6612889B1 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2003-09-02 | Science Applications International Corporation | Method for making a light-emitting panel |
US6822626B2 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2004-11-23 | Science Applications International Corporation | Design, fabrication, testing, and conditioning of micro-components for use in a light-emitting panel |
US6620012B1 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2003-09-16 | Science Applications International Corporation | Method for testing a light-emitting panel and the components therein |
US6570335B1 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2003-05-27 | Science Applications International Corporation | Method and system for energizing a micro-component in a light-emitting panel |
US7897141B2 (en) * | 2002-04-01 | 2011-03-01 | Drexel University | Echogenic polymer microcapsules and nanocapsules and methods for production and use thereof |
JP2004532207A (ja) † | 2001-03-30 | 2004-10-21 | ドレクセル ユニバーシティー | エコー源性ポリマーのマイクロカプセルおよびナノカプセル、ならびにその製造方法およびその使用 |
US20030215394A1 (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2003-11-20 | Short Robert E. | Microparticles having a matrix interior useful for ultrasound triggered delivery of drugs into the bloodstream |
US6919068B2 (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2005-07-19 | Point Biomedical Corporation | Method of preparing gas-filled polymer matrix microparticles useful for echographic imaging |
CA2486967A1 (en) * | 2002-05-24 | 2003-12-04 | Neopharm, Inc. | Cardiolipin compositions their methods of preparation and use |
EA200401565A1 (ru) * | 2002-05-24 | 2005-04-28 | Неофарм, Инк. | Способ получения кардиолипина или аналога кардиолипина (варианты), способ получения липосомы и композиция кардиолипина для лечения заболеваний (варианты) |
US20050277611A1 (en) * | 2002-10-16 | 2005-12-15 | Neopharm, Inc. | Cationic cardiolipin analoges and its use thereof |
US20040185108A1 (en) * | 2003-03-18 | 2004-09-23 | Short Robert E. | Method of preparing gas-filled polymer matrix microparticles useful for delivering drug |
CA2525132C (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2011-06-28 | Tepha, Inc. | Polyhydroxyalkanoate medical textiles and fibers |
US20060078560A1 (en) * | 2003-06-23 | 2006-04-13 | Neopharm, Inc. | Method of inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cardiolipin synthesis |
US20050171425A1 (en) * | 2004-01-16 | 2005-08-04 | Phantoms-By-Design | Medical devices having MRI-enhancing encapsulated fluids |
CN102600485B (zh) * | 2004-06-04 | 2014-10-22 | 阿库斯菲尔公司 | 超声对比剂剂量配方 |
CA2569134C (en) * | 2004-06-04 | 2010-11-23 | Acusphere, Inc. | Ultrasound contrast agent dosage formulation |
EP1609483B1 (en) * | 2004-06-04 | 2010-03-24 | Acusphere, Inc. | Ultrasound contrast agent dosage formulation |
US8012457B2 (en) * | 2004-06-04 | 2011-09-06 | Acusphere, Inc. | Ultrasound contrast agent dosage formulation |
WO2006051732A1 (ja) * | 2004-11-10 | 2006-05-18 | Konica Minolta Medical & Graphic, Inc. | 被覆磁性粒子含有製剤およびその製造方法、並びに診断治療システム |
EP1714642A1 (en) * | 2005-04-18 | 2006-10-25 | Bracco Research S.A. | Pharmaceutical composition comprising gas-filled microcapsules for ultrasound mediated delivery |
JP2009517463A (ja) * | 2005-12-02 | 2009-04-30 | インダストリー−アカデミック コーペレイション ファウンデイション, ヨンセイ ユニバーシティ | 水溶性マンガン酸化物ナノ粒子を含むmri造影剤 |
WO2007127231A2 (en) * | 2006-04-24 | 2007-11-08 | The Johns Hopkins University | Magnetic resonance-detectable, ultrasound-detectable and/or radiopaque microcapsules and uses thereof |
WO2009091927A1 (en) * | 2008-01-15 | 2009-07-23 | Eugene Tu | Ultrasonically active microparticles and method of use |
US8697098B2 (en) | 2011-02-25 | 2014-04-15 | South Dakota State University | Polymer conjugated protein micelles |
JP5681626B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-14 | 2015-03-11 | ポリーペイド リミテッドPolypid Ltd. | 徐放性薬剤キャリア組成物 |
US8771170B2 (en) * | 2008-08-01 | 2014-07-08 | Microaccess, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for transesophageal microaccess surgery |
WO2011007353A1 (en) | 2009-07-14 | 2011-01-20 | Polypid Ltd. | Sustained-release drug carrier composition |
EP2525778B1 (en) | 2010-01-19 | 2018-08-01 | Polypid Ltd. | Sustained-release nucleic acid matrix compositions |
BR112013021732B1 (pt) | 2011-02-25 | 2021-11-30 | South Dakota State University | Micela estável e utilização da micela estável |
JP2011140527A (ja) * | 2011-04-20 | 2011-07-21 | Acusphere Inc | 超音波造影剤の投薬処方物 |
EP2968825A4 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-09-07 | Childrens Medical Center | GAS STABILIZED PARTICLES AND METHODS OF USE |
WO2016025329A1 (en) | 2014-08-15 | 2016-02-18 | Tepha, Inc. | Self-retaining sutures of poly-4-hydroxybutyrate and copolymers thereof |
US10456483B2 (en) | 2014-12-03 | 2019-10-29 | University Of Cincinnati | Gas-encapsulated acoustically responsive stabilized microbubbles and methods for treating cardiovascular disease |
US10500227B2 (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2019-12-10 | University Of Cincinnati | Bioactive gas-encapsulated echogenic liposomes and methods for treating cardiovascular disease |
US10626521B2 (en) | 2014-12-11 | 2020-04-21 | Tepha, Inc. | Methods of manufacturing mesh sutures from poly-4-hydroxybutyrate and copolymers thereof |
WO2016094669A1 (en) | 2014-12-11 | 2016-06-16 | Tepha, Inc. | Methods of orienting multifilament yarn and monofilaments of poly-4-hydroxybutyrate and copolymers thereof |
CN113289034A (zh) | 2014-12-31 | 2021-08-24 | 蓝瑟斯医学影像公司 | 脂质封装的气体微球组合物及相关方法 |
KR101669647B1 (ko) * | 2015-01-22 | 2016-10-26 | 주식회사 바이오알파 | 생체 흡수용 방사선 불투과성 마커 조성물 및 이를 포함하는 수술용 물품 |
IL262647B2 (en) | 2016-05-04 | 2023-03-01 | Lantheus Medical Imaging Inc | Methods and devices for preparing sharpness factors for ultrasound |
US9789210B1 (en) | 2016-07-06 | 2017-10-17 | Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. | Methods for making ultrasound contrast agents |
CN113499454A (zh) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-10-15 | 上海市东方医院(同济大学附属东方医院) | 一种超声纳米诊疗剂及其制备方法和应用 |
Family Cites Families (91)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE410470C (de) | 1921-02-15 | 1925-03-10 | Hermann Oehme Dr | Verfahren zur Extraktion des Nitrierungsproduktes des AEthylens aus Abfallsaeure |
US3044942A (en) * | 1960-09-27 | 1962-07-17 | Grace W R & Co | Process for preparing poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid |
US4276885A (en) * | 1979-05-04 | 1981-07-07 | Rasor Associates, Inc | Ultrasonic image enhancement |
US4265251A (en) * | 1979-06-28 | 1981-05-05 | Rasor Associates, Inc. | Method of determining pressure within liquid containing vessel |
US4657756A (en) * | 1980-11-17 | 1987-04-14 | Schering Aktiengesellschaft | Microbubble precursors and apparatus for their production and use |
US4442843A (en) * | 1980-11-17 | 1984-04-17 | Schering, Ag | Microbubble precursors and methods for their production and use |
US4681119A (en) * | 1980-11-17 | 1987-07-21 | Schering Aktiengesellschaft | Method of production and use of microbubble precursors |
US4533254A (en) * | 1981-04-17 | 1985-08-06 | Biotechnology Development Corporation | Apparatus for forming emulsions |
DE3141641A1 (de) * | 1981-10-16 | 1983-04-28 | Schering Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 4619 Bergkamen | Ultraschall-kontrastmittel und dessen herstellung |
US4637905A (en) * | 1982-03-04 | 1987-01-20 | Batelle Development Corporation | Process of preparing microcapsules of lactides or lactide copolymers with glycolides and/or ε-caprolactones |
ATE37983T1 (de) * | 1982-04-22 | 1988-11-15 | Ici Plc | Mittel mit verzoegerter freigabe. |
US4718433A (en) * | 1983-01-27 | 1988-01-12 | Feinstein Steven B | Contrast agents for ultrasonic imaging |
US4572203A (en) * | 1983-01-27 | 1986-02-25 | Feinstein Steven B | Contact agents for ultrasonic imaging |
US4888176A (en) * | 1984-05-21 | 1989-12-19 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Controlled drug delivery high molecular weight polyanhydrides |
US4757128A (en) * | 1986-08-01 | 1988-07-12 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | High molecular weight polyanhydride and preparation thereof |
US5141738A (en) * | 1983-04-15 | 1992-08-25 | Schering Aktiengesellschaft | Ultrasonic contrast medium comprising gas bubbles and solid lipophilic surfactant-containing microparticles and use thereof |
US4900540A (en) * | 1983-06-20 | 1990-02-13 | Trustees Of The University Of Massachusetts | Lipisomes containing gas for ultrasound detection |
US4544545A (en) * | 1983-06-20 | 1985-10-01 | Trustees University Of Massachusetts | Liposomes containing modified cholesterol for organ targeting |
US5618514A (en) * | 1983-12-21 | 1997-04-08 | Nycomed Imaging As | Diagnostic and contrast agent |
GB8416234D0 (en) * | 1984-06-26 | 1984-08-01 | Ici Plc | Biodegradable amphipathic copolymers |
US4767610A (en) * | 1984-10-19 | 1988-08-30 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Method for detecting abnormal cell masses in animals |
GB8504916D0 (en) * | 1985-02-26 | 1985-03-27 | Isc Chemicals Ltd | Emulsions of perfluorocarbons in aqueous media |
US4684479A (en) * | 1985-08-14 | 1987-08-04 | Arrigo Joseph S D | Surfactant mixtures, stable gas-in-liquid emulsions, and methods for the production of such emulsions from said mixtures |
DE3529195A1 (de) * | 1985-08-14 | 1987-02-26 | Max Planck Gesellschaft | Kontrastmittel fuer ultraschalluntersuchungen und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
AU6621586A (en) * | 1985-11-18 | 1987-06-02 | University Of Texas System, The | Polychelating agents for image and spectral enhancement (and spectral shift) |
US4987154A (en) * | 1986-01-14 | 1991-01-22 | Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp. | Biocompatible, stable and concentrated fluorocarbon emulsions for contrast enhancement and oxygen transport in internal animal use |
US4927623A (en) * | 1986-01-14 | 1990-05-22 | Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp. | Dissolution of gas in a fluorocarbon liquid |
US5077036A (en) * | 1986-01-14 | 1991-12-31 | Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp. | Biocompatible stable fluorocarbon emulsions for contrast enhancement and oxygen transport comprising 40-125% wt./volume fluorocarbon combined with a phospholipid |
US5284645A (en) * | 1987-08-05 | 1994-02-08 | Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp. | Fluorocarbon emulsions containing amino acid based anti-inflamatory agents and buffer systems |
US5080885A (en) * | 1986-01-14 | 1992-01-14 | Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp. | Brominated perfluorocarbon emulsions for internal animal use for contrast enhancement and oxygen transport |
US4865836A (en) * | 1986-01-14 | 1989-09-12 | Fluoromed Pharmaceutical, Inc. | Brominated perfluorocarbon emulsions for internal animal use for contrast enhancement and oxygen transport |
EP0231091B1 (en) * | 1986-01-24 | 1993-03-31 | Children's Hospital Medical Center | Stable emulsions of highly fluorinated organic compound |
EP0245019A3 (en) * | 1986-04-30 | 1989-05-10 | Michael A. Davis | Low density contrast medium for diagnosis of pathologic conditions |
FR2602774B1 (fr) * | 1986-07-29 | 1990-10-19 | Atta | Nouvelles molecules amphiphiles polyhydroxylees et perfluoroalkylees ayant des proprietes tensioactives |
US4789724A (en) * | 1986-10-17 | 1988-12-06 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Preparation of anhydride copolymers |
US4895876A (en) * | 1987-03-20 | 1990-01-23 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Concentrated stable fluorochemical aqueous emulsions containing triglycerides |
IL82834A (en) * | 1987-06-09 | 1990-11-05 | Yissum Res Dev Co | Biodegradable polymeric materials based on polyether glycols,processes for the preparation thereof and surgical artiicles made therefrom |
US5354549A (en) * | 1987-07-24 | 1994-10-11 | Nycomed Imaging As | Iodinated esters |
US4857311A (en) * | 1987-07-31 | 1989-08-15 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Polyanhydrides with improved hydrolytic degradation properties |
CN1013830B (zh) * | 1987-08-26 | 1991-09-11 | 宋振才 | B超胃肠造影剂的制造工艺 |
IE61591B1 (en) * | 1987-12-29 | 1994-11-16 | Molecular Biosystems Inc | Concentrated stabilized microbubble-type ultrasonic imaging agent and method of production |
US4844882A (en) * | 1987-12-29 | 1989-07-04 | Molecular Biosystems, Inc. | Concentrated stabilized microbubble-type ultrasonic imaging agent |
AU635200B2 (en) * | 1988-02-05 | 1993-03-18 | Schering Aktiengesellschaft Berlin Und Bergkamen | Ultrasonic contrast agents, process for producing them and their use as diagnostic and therapeutic agents |
US5171755A (en) * | 1988-04-29 | 1992-12-15 | Hemagen/Pfc | Emulsions of highly fluorinated organic compounds |
US4993415A (en) * | 1988-08-19 | 1991-02-19 | Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp. | Magnetic resonance imaging with perfluorocarbon hydrides |
US4957656A (en) * | 1988-09-14 | 1990-09-18 | Molecular Biosystems, Inc. | Continuous sonication method for preparing protein encapsulated microbubbles |
US5114703A (en) * | 1989-05-30 | 1992-05-19 | Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp. | Percutaneous lymphography using particulate fluorocarbon emulsions |
WO1991003442A2 (de) * | 1989-08-30 | 1991-03-21 | Kali-Chemie Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur auftrennung von gemischen partiell fluorierter oder perfluorierter kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen |
JPH062134B2 (ja) * | 1989-09-08 | 1994-01-12 | 株式会社東芝 | 超音波診断装置 |
US5271961A (en) * | 1989-11-06 | 1993-12-21 | Alkermes Controlled Therapeutics, Inc. | Method for producing protein microspheres |
US5585112A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1996-12-17 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Method of preparing gas and gaseous precursor-filled microspheres |
US5352435A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1994-10-04 | Unger Evan C | Ionophore containing liposomes for ultrasound imaging |
US5230882A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1993-07-27 | Unger Evan C | Liposomes as contrast agents for ultrasonic imaging and methods for preparing the same |
US5542935A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1996-08-06 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Therapeutic delivery systems related applications |
US5334381A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1994-08-02 | Unger Evan C | Liposomes as contrast agents for ultrasonic imaging and methods for preparing the same |
US5705187A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1998-01-06 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Compositions of lipids and stabilizing materials |
US5123414A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1992-06-23 | Unger Evan C | Liposomes as contrast agents for ultrasonic imaging and methods for preparing the same |
US5149319A (en) * | 1990-09-11 | 1992-09-22 | Unger Evan C | Methods for providing localized therapeutic heat to biological tissues and fluids |
US5209720A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1993-05-11 | Unger Evan C | Methods for providing localized therapeutic heat to biological tissues and fluids using gas filled liposomes |
US5088499A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1992-02-18 | Unger Evan C | Liposomes as contrast agents for ultrasonic imaging and methods for preparing the same |
DE4004430A1 (de) * | 1990-02-09 | 1991-08-14 | Schering Ag | Aus polyaldehyden aufgebaute kontrastmittel |
US5556610A (en) * | 1992-01-24 | 1996-09-17 | Bracco Research S.A. | Gas mixtures useful as ultrasound contrast media, contrast agents containing the media and method |
US5578292A (en) * | 1991-11-20 | 1996-11-26 | Bracco International B.V. | Long-lasting aqueous dispersions or suspensions of pressure-resistant gas-filled microvesicles and methods for the preparation thereof |
IN172208B (zh) * | 1990-04-02 | 1993-05-01 | Sint Sa | |
US5445813A (en) * | 1992-11-02 | 1995-08-29 | Bracco International B.V. | Stable microbubble suspensions as enhancement agents for ultrasound echography |
US5137928A (en) * | 1990-04-26 | 1992-08-11 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Ultrasonic contrast agents, processes for their preparation and the use thereof as diagnostic and therapeutic agents |
AU636481B2 (en) * | 1990-05-18 | 1993-04-29 | Bracco International B.V. | Polymeric gas or air filled microballoons usable as suspensions in liquid carriers for ultrasonic echography |
US5145684A (en) * | 1991-01-25 | 1992-09-08 | Sterling Drug Inc. | Surface modified drug nanoparticles |
US5107842A (en) * | 1991-02-22 | 1992-04-28 | Molecular Biosystems, Inc. | Method of ultrasound imaging of the gastrointestinal tract |
GB9106673D0 (en) * | 1991-03-28 | 1991-05-15 | Hafslund Nycomed As | Improvements in or relating to contrast agents |
GB9106686D0 (en) * | 1991-03-28 | 1991-05-15 | Hafslund Nycomed As | Improvements in or relating to contrast agents |
US5205290A (en) * | 1991-04-05 | 1993-04-27 | Unger Evan C | Low density microspheres and their use as contrast agents for computed tomography |
GB9107628D0 (en) * | 1991-04-10 | 1991-05-29 | Moonbrook Limited | Preparation of diagnostic agents |
US5496535A (en) * | 1991-04-12 | 1996-03-05 | Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp. | Fluorocarbon contrast media for use with MRI and radiographic imaging |
US5147631A (en) * | 1991-04-30 | 1992-09-15 | Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Company | Porous inorganic ultrasound contrast agents |
NZ244147A (en) | 1991-09-03 | 1994-09-27 | Hoechst Ag | Echogenic particles which comprise a gas and at least one shaping substance, and their use as diagnostic agents |
US5409688A (en) * | 1991-09-17 | 1995-04-25 | Sonus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Gaseous ultrasound contrast media |
MX9205298A (es) * | 1991-09-17 | 1993-05-01 | Steven Carl Quay | Medios gaseosos de contraste de ultrasonido y metodo para seleccionar gases para usarse como medios de contraste de ultrasonido |
US5648062A (en) * | 1992-01-09 | 1997-07-15 | Nycomed Imaging As | Contrast agents consisting of galactose particles |
GB9200388D0 (en) * | 1992-01-09 | 1992-02-26 | Nycomed As | Improvements in or relating to contrast agents |
IL104084A (en) * | 1992-01-24 | 1996-09-12 | Bracco Int Bv | Sustainable aqueous suspensions of pressure-resistant and gas-filled blisters, their preparation, and contrast agents containing them |
US5344393A (en) * | 1992-02-28 | 1994-09-06 | Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp. | Use of synthetic oxygen carriers to facilitate oxygen delivery |
US5498421A (en) * | 1993-02-22 | 1996-03-12 | Vivorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Composition useful for in vivo delivery of biologics and methods employing same |
US5362478A (en) * | 1993-03-26 | 1994-11-08 | Vivorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Magnetic resonance imaging with fluorocarbons encapsulated in a cross-linked polymeric shell |
WO1995003356A1 (en) * | 1993-07-23 | 1995-02-02 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Nanoparticles and microparticles of non-linear hydrophilic-hydrophobic multiblock copolymers |
US5565215A (en) * | 1993-07-23 | 1996-10-15 | Massachusettes Institute Of Technology | Biodegradable injectable particles for imaging |
US5562893A (en) * | 1994-08-02 | 1996-10-08 | Molecular Biosystems, Inc. | Gas-filled microspheres with fluorine-containing shells |
IL116328A (en) * | 1994-12-16 | 1999-09-22 | Bracco Research Sa | Frozen suspension of gas microbubbles in frozen aqueous carrier for use as contrast agent in ultrasonic imaging |
DE19510690A1 (de) | 1995-03-14 | 1996-09-19 | Schering Ag | Polymere Nano- und/oder Mikropartikel, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung, sowie Verwendung in medizinischen Diagnostik und Therapie |
GB9511488D0 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1995-08-02 | Nycomed Imaging As | Improvements in or relating to contrast agents |
NZ331460A (en) * | 1996-03-05 | 1998-12-23 | Acusphere Inc | Microencapsulated fluorinated gases for use as imaging agents |
-
1996
- 1996-07-29 US US08/681,710 patent/US5837221A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-02-27 CA CA002260938A patent/CA2260938C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-02-27 JP JP10508764A patent/JP2987212B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-02-27 AT AT97929669T patent/ATE269107T1/de active
- 1997-02-27 PT PT97929669T patent/PT957942E/pt unknown
- 1997-02-27 EP EP97929669A patent/EP0957942B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-27 WO PCT/US1997/003007 patent/WO1998004292A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-02-27 IL IL12816397A patent/IL128163A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-02-27 AU AU33672/97A patent/AU720727B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-02-27 NZ NZ333864A patent/NZ333864A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-02-27 HU HU0000392A patent/HU226584B1/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-02-27 CZ CZ99328A patent/CZ32899A3/cs unknown
- 1997-02-27 DE DE69729579T patent/DE69729579T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-27 KR KR10-1999-7000708A patent/KR100477876B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-02-27 BR BRPI9711109-0A patent/BR9711109B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 1997-02-27 CN CN97196876A patent/CN1092989C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-02-27 PL PL33148797A patent/PL188011B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-02-27 DK DK97929669T patent/DK0957942T4/da active
- 1997-02-27 ES ES97929669T patent/ES2223080T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-03 ZA ZA9701813A patent/ZA971813B/xx unknown
- 1997-03-05 ID IDP970682A patent/ID17646A/id unknown
- 1997-03-05 MY MYPI97000890A patent/MY130324A/en unknown
- 1997-03-10 TW TW086102919A patent/TW480176B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-01-28 NO NO19990402A patent/NO318460B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-05-22 HK HK00103029A patent/HK1023939A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TW480176B (en) | Polymer-lipid microencapsulated gases for use as imaging agents | |
EP0996470B1 (en) | Method for enhancing the echogenicity and decreasing the attenuation of microencapsulated gases | |
KR100477857B1 (ko) | 이미지형성제로사용되는마이크로캡슐화된불소첨가가스 | |
AU721209B2 (en) | Microencapsulated fluorinated gases for use as imaging agents | |
WO1996040277A2 (en) | Spray dried polymeric microparticles containing imaging agents | |
AU2004320514B2 (en) | Ultrasound contrast agent dosage formulation | |
EP1609483B1 (en) | Ultrasound contrast agent dosage formulation | |
PL190452B1 (pl) | Sposób zwiększenia echogeniczności mikrocząstek do ultradźwiękowego obrazowania diagnostycznego, kompozycja do ultradźwiękowego obrazowania diagnostycznego i sposób wytwarzania mikrocząstek do ultradźwiękowego obrazowania diagnostycznego | |
MXPA99011840A (en) | Method for enhancing the echogenicity and decreasing the attenuation of microencapsulated gases |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
GD4A | Issue of patent certificate for granted invention patent | ||
MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |