TW449617B - Fuel oil compositions - Google Patents

Fuel oil compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
TW449617B
TW449617B TW086109304A TW86109304A TW449617B TW 449617 B TW449617 B TW 449617B TW 086109304 A TW086109304 A TW 086109304A TW 86109304 A TW86109304 A TW 86109304A TW 449617 B TW449617 B TW 449617B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
alkyl
fuel oil
fuel
patent application
composition
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TW086109304A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jian Lin
Struan Douglas Robertson
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Shell Int Research
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • C10L1/189—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof having at least one carboxyl group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
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    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
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    • C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
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    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10L1/183—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
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    • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
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    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • C10L1/189—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof having at least one carboxyl group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
    • C10L1/1895—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof having at least one carboxyl group bound to an aromatic carbon atom polycarboxylic acid
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    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
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    • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
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    • C10L1/1966—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof poly-carboxylic
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
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經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印| 449 6 t 7 、發明説明（. 本發明是關於燃料油組合物，其製備之製程，及其於壓 縮點火引擎中的使用。 、、 如世界專利9533805(艾克松’ Exxon)中所述，減低硫含 量的燃料已成一種關心環境的需要，特別是柴油及煤油。 然而，煉油製程產生之低硫含量的燃料，也造成低黏度及 燃料中關於其潤滑度之其它組份的含量降低的產物，例 如：聚環芳香類及極性化合物。更進一步，含硫化合物一 般被認爲是提供抗磨損性質的，且其比例降低、並與提供 潤滑度的其它組份一起成比例降低的結果是，使用低硫燃 料之柴油引擎的燃料幫浦的故障報告增加，故障是因爲其 中磨損，例如：凸輪板'滾軸、轉軸及主動軸。 此問題可預期在未來變的更糟，因爲爲了符合排氣之更 嚴格排放要求’通常引進高壓燃料幫浦，例如：迴轉及單 位燃料噴射裝置，這些預期有比現在的設備更嚴格的潤滑 度要求’同時燃料中的較低硫含量變得更廣泛需要。 目前，柴油燃料中典型的硫含量是約0.25重量百分比 (2500 ppmw)。在歐洲最大硫含量已降低至〇〇5百分比（5〇〇 PPmw);在瑞典已引進燃料等級的含量低於〇〇〇5百分比（5〇 ppmw)(等級2 )及0.001百分比（1〇 ppmw)(等級I)。硫含量低 於0.20重量百分比（2〇〇〇 ppinw)的燃料油可被視爲低硫燃 料。 世界專利95 33805(艾克松，Exxon)中敘述使用冷流改善 劑以增進低硫燃料的潤滑度。 世界專利94 17160(艾克松，Exxon)中敘述使用某些瘦酸 -4 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 丨 I I n n ^ II —訂 i ----— I i 泉 (讀先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁〕 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明（2 ) 及醇的酯類做爲燃料的添加物，其中酸有2至50個碳原子 且醇有一或多個碳原子，特別是甘油單油酸酯及己二酸二 -異癸酯’使壓縮點火引擎中的注射系統之磨損減低。 美國專利5,484,462(泰斯寇，Texaco)提到二聚化亞麻酸 油，爲一種商業化的低硫柴油燃料之潤滑試劑（第1列，第 3 8行）’且其自身提供胺基烷1，4氧氮陸圜做燃料潤滑改善 劑。 美國專利5,490,864(泰斯寇，Texaco)敘述某些二疏磷酸二 酷-二醇做低硫柴油燃料的抗磨損潤滑添加物。 令人驚喜的發現：某些具有至少一個連接至芳香核的幾 基之基或;t完氧基芳香族化合物，當加入燃料油中時，可 有抗磨損潤滑的效果。 因此根據本發明，提供一種燃料油組合物，包含：主要 量的燃料油及少量的添加物，添加物包含至少一種溶於燃 料油的烷基或燒氧基芳香族化合物，其中至少有一個獨立 選自ί至30碳原子的烷基或烷氧基連接至芳香核，及至少 一個羧基’和可選擇地有一或二個羥基連接至芳香核a 燃料油可衍生自石油或自植物性來源或其混合物。傳统 的中段蒸餾物燃料油具有沸點範圍在100。(：至5〇<rc的範 圍’如：1 50 C至400°C。石油衍生之燃料油可包含常蜃蒸 餾物或眞空蒸飽物’或裂解氣態油或任何比例之直顧及熱 和/或觸媒裂解蒸餾物。燃料油包含：煤油、噴射式發動 機燃料、柴油燃料 '加熱油及重燃料油。較佳的燃料油柴 油’且因此本發明的較佳燃料油組合物是柴油組合物。柴 -5- ^^尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（2]0χϋ公釐） -~~- !:--.-----裝------訂 I,------^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 449617 經濟部申央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（3 ) 油燃料典型地具有起始蒸餾溫度約160°C及最終蒸餘溫户 290-360°C，依燃料等級及使用而異。 燃料油，如：柴油，其自身可以是已添加（含添加物的） 油或未添加（無添加物的）油。若燃料油’如：柴油，是已 添加油，其含少量之一或多種添加物，如：選自抗靜電試 劑、管線減阻劑、流動改善劑（如：乙烯/乙缔醋酸酯共聚 物或丙烯酯/順丁烯二酸酐共聚物）及蠟抗沉降試劑（如： 商業化的註册商標"沛拉福婁"（PARAFLOW，如：··沛拉福 婁 M50 ;得自"沛拉明"（Paramins))、"奥投"（OCTEL， 如：”奥投"W 5000 ;得自奥投）及M投迪福婁"（如：投迪 福婁"v 3958 ;得自霍去斯特（Hoechst))等一或多種添加 物0 較佳的燃料油是中段蒸顧油，如：柴油，其具有之硫含 量最多是0.2重量百分比（2000 ppmw)("ppmw"是重量之每百 萬分之一部份），更佳的是最多0.05重量百分比（500 ppmw)。當燃料油的硫含量低於0.005重量百分比（50 ppmw) 或甚至0.001重量百分比（10 ppmw)時，本發明的優勢組合 物也可得到。 雖然烷基或烷氧基芳香族化合物的芳香核可以是單環、 二環或多環，如：苯環或莕環系統，但芳香核以笨環較 佳0 較佳的烷基及烷氧基芳香族化合物是任何具有少於三個 基選自連接至芳香核的烷基及烷氧基，至少一個基選自連 接至該核的2至3 0碳原子的烷基及烷氧基。 -6- 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（2ίΟΧ297公釐） . , —^ 裝— I I I _ —訂I I ί I ^ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7
經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 本發明之一個較佳觀點爲至少一個烷基或烷氧基芳香族 化合物是烷基芳香族化合物，其至少一個ό至3 0碳原子的 基是連接至芳香核。 更佳的，烷基芳香族化合物是包含一或二個有6至3〇碳 原予燒基的烷基苯甲酸或烷基水楊酸。 在規基芳香族化合物中的該或各烷基是以C8 22烷基較 佳’以cs.18烷基最佳。 本發明之燃料油組合物中的烷基或烷氧基芳香族化合物 是已知化合物，或可以製備已知化合物的方法之類似方法 製造，爲習知此藝者所重視的。 幸父佳的烷基水楊酸可容易地以英國專利1,146,925號中的 方法所製備（此專利中，烷基水楊酸是製造用做潤滑组合 物中的分散劑之多價金屬鹽類的中間產物）。 包含至少一個烷基或烷氧基芳香族化合物的添加物是以 基於棘料油組合物的總重量之5 〇至50〇 ppmw範園的量存 在較佳’以50至250 ppmw更佳，150至250 ppmw最佳。 在常溫下不溶解於燃料油中有5〇 ppmw程度的烷基或烷 氧基芳香族化合物在此被定義爲非燃料油溶解性的（它們 因此被認爲是不溶性的）。 根據本發明之燃料油組合物可以其製備的製程而製成， 其製備包含混合了添加劑或一種含於燃料油中之添加劑的 添加劑濃縮物。 適用於燃料油组合物（以柴油燃料组合物較佳）中的添加 劑濃縮物包含了含有至少一種烷基或烷氧基芳香族化合物 本紙張尺度適用中國國家揉準（CNS ) Α4規格（2丨ΟΧ297公釐） —I—.-----裝-----------Λ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本耳) 經濟部中央標準局負工消費合作社印製 44961 7 A7 __________B7 五、發明説明（5 ) ' 及一種燃料相容性的稀釋劑之添加劑，其稀釋可爲一種載 體油（如：礦物油）、經封端或未經封端的多醚、非極性溶 劑，如：甲苯、對二甲苯，白酒及，，荷蘭皇家,，（R〇yai Du响 /蜆殼（Shell)公司團成員所售之註册商標”雪而縮 ”（SHELLSOL)，及/或極性溶劑，如：酿類，及特別是醇 類，如：己醇、2·乙基己醇、癸醇、異十三醇及醇類混合 物，如："荷蘭皇家"（Royal Dutch)/蜆殼（Shell)公司團成員 所售之註册商標"理恩佛，，（LINEV〇L)，特別是，，理恩佛，, 79醇，其爲Cm—級醇的混合物、或c|2M醇的混合物（其 爲一種法國辛旦北新諾瓦（Sidobre Sinnova)的商業化之註 册商標"希波"（SIPOL))。 添加劑濃縮物及從其中製備的燃料油組合物可進一步含 有額外的添加劑，如：無灰的清潔劑或分散劑，例如：直 鍵或支鏈的J5卡’如：規基胺、hydrocarbyl取代的破泊酸亞 胺 '如歐洲專利-A- 147 240中所述的，以聚異丁烯琥珀酸 或酸酐與四已撑五胺的反應產物較佳，其中聚異丁烯取代 基有平均分子量（Μη)數目在500至1200的範圍，及/或如歐 洲專利申請號96302953.3(申請者參考號TS 7030 EPC)中所 述的烷氧基醋酸衍生物；去濁劑，如：烷氧基化的酚曱醛 聚合物’像商業化的"耐可，_(NAlc〇，註册商標）EC5462A (以前的7D07)(得自耐可），及”托雷”（T〇LAD，註册商標） 26 83(得自裴托萊特（1>价〇1如)）；抗泡試劑（如：多醚-改質 的聚矽氧烷，像商業化的"黛工樸能，，（TEGOPREN，註册 商4承）5851 ’ Q 25907(得自道康寧（Dow Corning))或"路道 -8 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準7^7^·格⑺ox297公釐> ----------裝-----Ί訂-------為 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本I ) ^49017 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（6 斯爾”（RHODORSIL)(得自羅普郎克（Rhone poulenc));點火 改善劑（如：硝酸2 -乙己基酯、硝酸環己酯、二第三-芳 丁基過氧化物、及在美國專利號中4,208,190之第2列、第 2 7行到第3列、第2 1行中所述的；抗塵試劑（如：由德國 曼漢（Mannheim)瑞因化學（Rhein Chemie)之商業化販售的 "RC 480 1 "、或琥珀酸衍生物之多氫醇酯、具有至少一個 從20至500個碳原子之未取代或取代的脂肪碳氫基的α原 子之墟轴酸衍生物，如：聚異丁缔取代的琥ϊ6酸之季戊四 醇二酯）' 除臭劑、抗磨損添加物；抗氧化劑（如：酚醛塑 料’像2,6-二第三-丁酚，或苯二胺，像：Ν，Ν，-二-第二-丁基-對·苯二胺）；及金屬減活性劑。 除非另述之，在燃料油組合物中各額外的添加物中之 (活性態）濃度是最好上限至1重量百分比，以5至丨〇〇〇 ppmw(柴油组合物重量的每百萬分之一部份）範圍較佳。 在燃料油組合物中清潔劑或分散劑的（活性態）濃度是3 〇至 1000 ppmw較佳，以 50至 600 ppmw更佳，75 至 300 ppmw 最 佳，如：9 5 至 150 ppmw。 在燃料油組合物中去濁劑中之（活性態）濃度是1至2 〇 ppmw範圍爲佳，以iibppmw較佳，以1至1〇ppmw範圍 更佳，仍以1至5 ppmw最佳。其它添加物（與預期之點火改 善劑）的（活性態）濃度是各以〇至2〇卯爪货範圍較佳，以〇 至10 ppmw更佳。在燃料油组合物中點火改善劑的（活性態） 濃度是以0至600 ppmw範圍較佳，以〇至5〇〇 ppmw更佳。 若點火改善劑是加在燃料油组合物中時，其可方便的使用 --------------裝-------訂 J-----泉 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -9- 44961 7 A7 ______B7 五、發明説明（7 ) 300至 500 ppmw的量。 本發明進一步提供上面定義之燃料油組合物之使用於壓 縮點火引擎中，其中的引擎燃料注射系統之磨損率的控 制，特別是燃料注射幫浦及/或燃料注射器。 本發明之該後者觀點也可以操作壓縮點火引擎的一個方 法表示，其包括提供上面定義之燃料油組合物做爲其中引 擎中的燃料，以控制引擎燃料注射系統之磨損率，特別是 燃料注射幫浦及/或燃料注射器。 本發明將從下列實例進一步去了解，其中基本燃料及添 加物組合物是如下： (讀先閣讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局舅工消费合作社印製 基本燃料1基本燃料2_基本燃料3 某本燃料4 在1 5°C之密度（公斤/公升） 0.821 0.8291 0.8165 0.8165 (ASTM D 4052) 硫（ppmw)(IP 373) 182 145 2 <5 蒸餾，度C(ASTM D 86) IBP 166.5 167 184.5 184.5 1 0百分比 203.5 199 213 206.5 20百分比 216 210.5 218.5 213.5 5 0百分比 256.5 247.5 238 235.5 90百分比 322.5 309.5 269.5 268.5 95百分比 342.5 324.5 278.5 277.5 FBP 355 338.5 292 290 總芳香族含量 20.2 22.1 5.2 3.8 (重量百分比） -10- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4规格（210X 297公釐）
44961 T A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（8 ) ”Μ基水楊酸A "是從C!4·丨8燒基紛以英國專利1，146 925號 中所述的苯化、羧化及水解製備。起始烷基酚是從烯類混 合物（C14:C16:C18重量比率1:2:1)製備，以酚與烯類（莫耳 比率5:1)在存在3重量百分比（基於烯類）的酸活化之蒙脱石 觸媒' 190°C及0.4巴（Bar，4 X 1〇4巴斯卡（pa))壓力下反 應，過量的酚以蒸餾移除。終產物(：14.18烷基水楊酸包含 71.5莫耳百分比的單烷基水楊酸、17.2莫耳百分比的單烷 基酚、及4.7%二烷基酚，及由少量的4 -羥異鄰苯二甲酸、 二烷基水楊酸、2-羥異鄰苯二甲酸及烷基酚醚所平衡。 "載體B ”是聚氧丙二醇半醚（單醚），以C12-|5醇的混合物 做引發劑製備而成，具有Μη範圍在1200至1500、及在4 0 °C時根據ASTM D 445之動力學黏度在每秒72至82平方公 釐、可得自"荷蘭皇家”（Royal Dutch)/蜆殼（Shell)公司成員 之商標命名的"SAP 949"。 ，,c油”是一種清澈且明亮的溶劑精煉之基本油，在l〇〇°C 時具有每秒4.4至4.9平方公釐的黏度、傾點-1 8°C、及閃點 2046c、可得自”荷蘭皇家"（R〇yal Dutch)/蜆殼（she丨丨）公司 團成員之商標命名的"HVI 60"。 M抗塵試劑D "是四丙晞基琥拍酸的輕丙基酿（四丙烯基琥 珀酸的丙醇-1，2-二醇半酯）（參照：英國專利1306,233之實 例 IV)。 "Dehazer E(,是一種烷氧化酚甲醛聚合物去濁劑，可得自 耐可，像”耐可” EC5462A(以前的7D07)(註册商標）。 ”抗泡試劑F ”是一種多醚_改質的聚碎乳燒*，可得自Th _勾 -11 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家榇準（CNS)A4規格（210x297公着） ； I 裝 I •訂—I I I —-^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ^49617 A7 B7 五、發明説明（9 ) 施密德公司（Goldschmidt AG)，如"黛工樸能585 1 " (TEGOPREN)(註册商標）。 "溶劑G "是一種C·?·9 一級醇的混合，可得自”荷蘭皇家 "(Royal Dutch)/蜆殼（Shell)公司團成員，如”理恩佛79_， (LINEVOL 79)(註册商標）。 ”溶劑H ”是一種芳香礙氫溶劑（74百分比的芳香族），沸 點範圍205至207C，且平均分子量156，可得自，，荷蘭皇家 "(Royal Dutch)/蜆殼（Shell)公司图成員，如μ雪而縮Rm (SHELLSOL R，註册商標）。
；：分散劑I" 是2 7重量百分比的聚異丁晞琥珀醯亞胺溶 液，其以具有平均分子量（Μη)數目950之聚異丁烯與順丁 烯二酸酐反應而成’其所產生的聚異丁烯琥珀酸酐產物具 有琥珀酸化（succination)比率（每一個聚異丁埽鏈對琥珀酸 酐部份的比率）1.05:1，接著以酸酐產物與四乙撑五胺 (ΤΕΡΑ)，以莫耳比琥珀酸基：ΤΕΡΑ 1.5:1反應。包含在 nHVI ό(Γ基本油中的4 7重量百分比活性成份之聚異丁烯琥 珀醯亞胺溶液是以"雪而縮R" (SHELLSOL R，註册商標） 溶液稀釋成活性成份濃度2 7重量百分比，以便利處理° 實例I 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 I - - - — -I 二- n I 1 - -. .^1 n ϋ —^1 X 一 、言 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本页) 一種添加劑濃縮物之製備爲：在一個250毫升的密封玻 璃瓶中於室溫（20 °C)、在旋轉混合器上混合於二甲苯（24 克）之69克烷基水楊酸A (45克）溶液' 16克的C油、及15 克的載體B，經一小時產生1 〇〇克完全混合的添加劑濃縮物 -12- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS) A4規格（210><297公楚） 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 49 61 7 A7 ____B7 五、發明説明（1〇 ) 實例11 一種共同添加劑混合物之製備爲：將0.33 19克的抗塵試 劑D、0.3325克的Dehazer E、0.6791克的抗泡試劑F、 6.6739克的溶劑G、12.8809克的溶劑Η，32.44克的分散劑I 及33.66克的硝酸2 -乙己基酯（點火改善劑）混合在一起。 1.0498克的所得共同添加劑混合物然後在一個250毫升的 玻璃燒杯中與實例I中之0.1620克的添加劑濃縮物I混合， 以產生添加劑濃縮物11。 當添加劑濃縮物11用於製備一種配方的柴油燃料時，5 0 毫升的基本燃料1添加入上面的添加劑濃縮物Π樣本中， 且所得的混合物在倒入1升的有漆線之筒中之前攪拌完 全。玻璃燒杯然後以另外5 0毫升的基本燃料1沖洗至同一 筒中。配方燃料的總重以基本燃料1加至801克。筒予搖動 2分鐘以產生一均相的、含有1500 ppmw添加劑濃縮物11之 配方柴油燃料。
實例III 一種添加劑濃縮物之製備爲：以類似於實例I中的步 驟’混合4 5克的烷基水楊酸A與2 4克的溶劑Η、1 6克的C 油及1 5克的載體Β，以產生添加劑濃縮物III。
實例I V 一種添加劑濃縮物之製備爲：以類似於實例ΠΙ中的步 驟’混合4 5克的烷基水楊酸a與3 9克的溶劑A、1 6克的C 油，以產生添加劑濃縮物I V。 燃料測試實例 -13- 本紙張尺度適财關家轉（CNS) Μ規格（21Qx297公瘦） --：--,------^-----—"-------Λ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ^ 49 6 t 7 A7 五、發明説明（11 ) - 配方柴油燃料之製備爲：加入之添知劑濃縮物工、⑴及 IV的量至不同的基本燃料1 '2及3中。所得燃料以高頻率 往複式機床（HFRR)測驗測試潤滑度表現，其根據cec F-06-T-94的步驟預期使用之蜒料値爲2毫升及流體溫度爲60 °C。 測試之配方柴油燃料的細節，及測試之結果’如下列表 1所示： I.——^---------裳------一訂^-------3^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 經濟部中央標準局—工消費合作社印製 準 標 家 國 國 中 一用 一適 I尺一 S|和
N |釐 公 449617 A7 B7 五、發明説明（12 表1 燃料實例 基本燃料 添加物濃度 (AC) 燃料中AC 的濃度 (ppmw) 燃料中虼基水楊酸 A的濃度 (ppmw) 平均磨損痕跡直徑 (微米，m X〗0_6) 比較例A 1 - - - 597 1 1 I 110 50 472 2 1 I 170 75 429 3 1 I 225 100 415 4 1 I 335 150 396 5 1 I 445 200 398 6 1 II 1500 90 483 7 1 IV 225 100 378 比較例B 2 - - 610 8 2 III 110 50 518 9 2 III 170 75 461 10 2 III 225 100 440 11 2 III 335 150 390 12 2 IV 225 100 434 --1--.------裝------^—訂^------，求 (讀先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印策 -15- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 4 496 17 A7 B7 五、發明説明（13 ) 表1 (繼續） 經濟部中央標隼局員工消費合作社印策 燃料實例 基本燃料 添加物濃度 (AC) 燃料中AC 的濃度 (ppmw) 燃料中烷基水楊酸 A的濃度 (ppmw) 平均磨損痕跡直徑 (微米，mxHT6) 比較例C 3 - - - 660 13 3 III 170 75 539 14 3 III 340 150 391 15 3 III 510 230 383 -16- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 4 49 6 I 7 A7 B7 五、發明説明（Μ ) 可容易的從表！中的肖果看出1至在低處理率時驚詩 的增進潤滑度，以磨損降低來做證據，其甚至在燒基水楊 酸A低濃度時可得到。 逢一步之燃料谢丨詰音你丨 進一步<柴油燃料之製備爲：加入不同數量的烷基芳香 化合物至基本燃料丨中使濃度爲1〇〇ppmw。所得燃料以上 述的燃料測試實例測驗潤滑度表現，預期不同但相似的形 式，使用了床機（在基本燃料測試之比較例D相對於上面 的比較例A，這算做小且不重要的差別）。 使用的烷基芳香化合物如下： 實例I 6 -4-辛基苯甲酸 實例1 7 -4-n-丁基苯甲酸 實例1 8 -4-十二炫氧基苯甲酸 -3-十五燒盼 -十二烷酚、可得自”阿迪比斯，，（Adibis)之商 標命名的'’ADX 100"。 比較例G -Cm*烷基酚，上述之烷基水楊酸A的起始 烷基酚。 結果於下列表2中：
比較例E 比較例F (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) i裝-
、1T 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 17- .紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 449617 五 '發明説明（15 A7 B7 經濟部中央樣準局員工消费合作社印製
表 燃料實例
比較D(無添加物） 實例16 實例17 實例1 8 比較例E 比較例F 比較例G 表2中之直接相當之測試是用基本燃料4(比較例η)及 200 ppmw濃度的2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酸（實例19)及4 -乙基苯 甲酸（實例2 0 )。結果於下列表3中： 表 3 燃料實例 平均磨損痕跡直徑 (微米，mx 1〇·6) 比較例Η(無添加物） 622 實例19 387 實例20 3 52 可容易的從表2及3中的結果看出：驚訝的增進潤滑度可 -18- 本紙張尺度適用中國國豕標準（CNS ) A4規格（210x297公髮） --^--.-----裝-----Jn------" (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 4496 1 7 A7 ____ B7 五、發明説明（16 ) 得自燃料包含烷基或烷氧苯甲酸（4 -辛基苯甲酸、4_n. 丁某 笨甲酸、4 -十二烷氧基苯甲酸、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酸及4· 乙基苯甲酸）’其中任何一個烷基酚的情形都沒有發現有正 面的影響。 2,3-二甲基苯甲酸、2,4-二甲基苯甲酸及3,4-二甲基苯甲 酸在燃料油中濃度50 ppmw時各被測試其溶解度，特別的 是基本燃料4，且發現於室溫（20 °C)時不溶。這些二甲基 苯甲酸因此不是可溶於燃料油之燒基芳香化合物。
{諳先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁J ---1--.-----楚---—----—-訂 J— 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（2丨〇 X 297公釐）

Claims (1)

  1. 4> 4 θ@6ΐ〇9"?04號專利申請案 中文申請專利益圊铬,Τ_太车2月、 Α8 Β8 ·)〆·，，
    £! 1- 一種燃料油組合物，其包含主要量的燃料油及少量的添 加物，添加物包含至少一種可溶於燃料油的烷基或燒氧 基芳香族化合物，其中該燃料油為具有硫含量最多 0 · 2 %重量計之中段蒸餾燃料油组合物，及其中至少一 個獨立選自1至30個碳原子的烷基或烷氧基係連接至芳 香核’及至少一個幾基和選用之一或二個經基係連接至 芳香核。 2. 根據申請專利範圍第1項的組合物，其中燃料油是具有 硫含量至多為0.05重量百分比的中段蒸餾物燃料油。 3. 根據申請專利範圍第1項的組合物，當有較少之此等選 自規·基或規氧基之基團連接至芳香核時，則有至少一個 選自2至30個碳原子的烷基或烷氧基連接至該核。 4. 根據申請專利範圍第1，2或3項的组合物，其中至少一 個烷基或烷氧基芳香族化合物是烷基芳香化合物，其中 至少一個具6至3 〇個碳原子的烷基係連接至該芳香核。 5. 根據申請專利範圍第1，2或3項的組合物，其中在該烷 基或燒氧基芳香族化合物中，芳香核是苯環。 6. 根據申請專利範圍第1項的組合物，其中烷基芳香族化 合物是一種含有一或二個具6至30個碳原子的娱基之嫁 基苯甲酸或烷基水揚酸。 7. 根據申請專利範圍第6項的組合物，其中該或各烷基是 C 8.2 2奴基。 8. 根據申請專利範圍第1，2或6項的組合物’其中存在的 添加物量，以燃料組合物之總重量為基準’係在5 0至 本紙伕尺度逋用中國國家棹準（CNS ) A4規格（21〇X297公羞） -----.------^-----------V (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央橾準局貝工消費合作社印裝 ^4961 7 A8 B8 C8 D8 申請專利範圍 500 ppmw的範圍内。 9· 一種製備根據申請專利範圍第1 , 2或6項的燃料油組合 物之万法’纟包括將添加物或包含添加⑯的添加物濃縮 物與燃料油互混。 K). -種操作壓㈣火料之方法，包減用⑼專利範圍 第} γ 2或6項的燃料油組合物作為該引擎之燃料，以控 制引擎的燃料注射系統中之磨損率。 (請先W讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ·’ 經濟部中央棣牟局負工消費合作社印製 本紙涑尺度適用中國國家橾準（CNS > A4規格（210X297公釐） 4> 4 θ@6ΐ〇9"?04號專利申請案 中文申請專利益圊铬,Τ_太车2月、 Α8 Β8 ·)〆·，，
    £! 1- 一種燃料油組合物，其包含主要量的燃料油及少量的添 加物，添加物包含至少一種可溶於燃料油的烷基或燒氧 基芳香族化合物，其中該燃料油為具有硫含量最多 0 · 2 %重量計之中段蒸餾燃料油组合物，及其中至少一 個獨立選自1至30個碳原子的烷基或烷氧基係連接至芳 香核’及至少一個幾基和選用之一或二個經基係連接至 芳香核。 2. 根據申請專利範圍第1項的組合物，其中燃料油是具有 硫含量至多為0.05重量百分比的中段蒸餾物燃料油。 3. 根據申請專利範圍第1項的組合物，當有較少之此等選 自規·基或規氧基之基團連接至芳香核時，則有至少一個 選自2至30個碳原子的烷基或烷氧基連接至該核。 4. 根據申請專利範圍第1，2或3項的组合物，其中至少一 個烷基或烷氧基芳香族化合物是烷基芳香化合物，其中 至少一個具6至3 〇個碳原子的烷基係連接至該芳香核。 5. 根據申請專利範圍第1，2或3項的組合物，其中在該烷 基或燒氧基芳香族化合物中，芳香核是苯環。 6. 根據申請專利範圍第1項的組合物，其中烷基芳香族化 合物是一種含有一或二個具6至30個碳原子的娱基之嫁 基苯甲酸或烷基水揚酸。 7. 根據申請專利範圍第6項的組合物，其中該或各烷基是 C 8.2 2奴基。 8. 根據申請專利範圍第1，2或6項的組合物’其中存在的 添加物量，以燃料組合物之總重量為基準’係在5 0至 本紙伕尺度逋用中國國家棹準（CNS ) A4規格（21〇X297公羞） -----.------^-----------V (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央橾準局貝工消費合作社印裝
TW086109304A 1996-07-05 1997-07-02 Fuel oil compositions TW449617B (en)

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