TW202405277A - 纖維塗佈方法 - Google Patents

纖維塗佈方法 Download PDF

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TW202405277A
TW202405277A TW112127837A TW112127837A TW202405277A TW 202405277 A TW202405277 A TW 202405277A TW 112127837 A TW112127837 A TW 112127837A TW 112127837 A TW112127837 A TW 112127837A TW 202405277 A TW202405277 A TW 202405277A
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prepare
particles
mixing
fabric
grinding
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TWI837042B (zh
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郭成根
郭多恩
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南韓商麥閃石Ｇ Ｍ 股份有限公司
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Abstract

本發明涉及一種將麥閃石或黏土礦物塗佈於纖維的方法，將麥閃石或黏土礦物、矽酸鋯、奈米銀、絲蘭提取物等作為原料進行濕式混合粉碎，並透過乾式法製備顆粒之後，進行乾式粉碎，然後與溶劑混合以對布料進行塗佈處理，從而即使使用次數增加，塗層也不易分離，並可以保持除臭性能。

Description

纖維塗佈方法
本發明涉及一種將麥閃石或黏土礦物塗佈於纖維的方法。
用於製造墊子、被子、護墊、衣服（登山服）等的紡織品與使用者的身體接觸，因此除了以往簡單地保護使用者的身體免受外部侵害的功能外，近年來需要應用絕緣、透氣、防水、撥水等更加多樣化的功能。
本發明的發明人作為主要處理麥閃石的技術人員，對利用符合上述需求的麥閃石進行了大量的研究。
麥閃石（Macsumsuk）由下表1所示的成分組成。麥閃石為火成岩中屬於石英斑岩的岩石，一般具有容易被風化及破碎的特點，尤其是白長石常被高嶺土化，黑雲母也幾乎都被氧化並以氧化鐵的形式分散存在。其特點是含有大量角閃石，已知存在α射線，而α射線對生物有正面作用。麥閃石產生的波長在8 μm至14 μm的範圍內，已知其為對活體最有益的波長範圍的遠紅外線。
表1
成分名稱 含量（重量百分比）
二氧化矽（SiO 2） 68.80
氧化鋁（Al 2O 3） 12.99
氧化鐵（Fe 2O 3） 2.47
氧化鈣（CaO） 1.99
氧化鎂（MgO） 0.56
氧化鉀（K 2O） 4.53
氧化鈉（Na 2O） 6.25
二氧化鈦（TiO 2） 0.23
五氧化二磷（P 2O 5） 0.06
氧化錳（MnO） 0.06
其他 餘量
圖1是顯示韓國遠紅外線應用評估研究院測量的麥閃石的遠紅外線放射量。圖1中的放射量單位是基於70℃下測量的W/m 2․μm，可以確認表現出與黑體類似的高遠紅外線放射量。
作為將上述麥閃石的功能應用於纖維布料產品的相關技術，「具有遠紅外線放射麥閃石床墊的睡眠床」（韓國授權專利公報第10-1034698號，專利文獻1）中提出了透過將具有遠紅外線的放射、抗菌、除臭等功能的麥閃石應用於陶瓷件上，使得麥閃石的有益功能能夠應用於寢具。
並且，「使用麥閃石粉末混合物和銀的不織布及其製造方法」（韓國授權專利公報第10-0933138號，專利文獻2）提供了一種將麥閃石粉末塗佈於不織布纖維的技術。
在上述專利文獻1中，透過對麥閃石粉末進行精細加工以應用於布料。
然而，近年來有報導稱奈米粒子對肺部健康產生不利影響等，並且由於加工時粒子分佈的均勻性等的影響等諸多因素，許多觀點認為，尺寸更大的粒子的應用優於微細奈米粒子。
由此，本發明的發明人在「利用麥閃石顆粒的放射遠紅外線及陰離子的矽橡膠組合物及其製備方法」（韓國授權專利公報第10-2097714號，專利文獻3）、「麥閃石顆粒抗菌塑料母料的製備方法」（韓國授權專利公報第10-1975955號，專利文獻4）中提出了一種在橡膠及塑料加工過程中應用基於麥閃石的顆粒的技術。
上述橡膠或塑料容易將顆粒化的麥閃石應用於製備過程中，但在織物的情況下，不僅長絲的粗度多種多樣，而且近年來，由於提供粗度非常細的長絲，因此很難像專利文獻3、4那樣將麥閃石顆粒直接應用於形成纖維布料的紗線的製造。
因此，需要對纖維布料進行塗佈，但尚未開發出將顆粒化的麥閃石塗佈於布料的技術。
《現有技術文獻》 專利文獻1：KR 10-1034698（2011年05月04日） 專利文獻2：KR 10-0933138（2009年12月11日） 專利文獻3：KR 10-2097714（2020年03月31日） 專利文獻4：KR 10-1975955（2019年04月30日）
《發明所欲解決之問題》
本發明之將麥閃石或黏土礦物塗佈於纖維的方法用於解決上述現有技術中發生的問題，其目的在於，提供一種能夠將麥閃石或黏土礦物順利應用於纖維布料（紡織品）的塗佈方法。
更具體地，本發明的目的在於，以麥閃石、黏土礦物、矽酸鋯、絲蘭提取物、奈米銀等作為原料製備顆粒後，對該顆粒進行乾式粉碎，然後在纖維布料進行塗佈處理，從而可以容易地應用於纖維布料。 《解決問題之技術手段》
為了解決上述問題，本發明的將麥閃石或黏土礦物塗佈於纖維的方法包括：1）煅燒礦物粒子製備步驟，在準備麥閃石或黏土礦物之後，將其粉碎至0.1～5 m/m的尺寸，並在800～1100℃的溫度下進行煅燒以製備煅燒礦物粒子；2）混合步驟，準備矽酸鋯（ZrSiO 3）、奈米銀和絲蘭提取物，並將他們與上述煅燒礦物粒子混合以製備混合物；3）濕式粉碎步驟，在上述混合物中添加水之後，利用球磨機進行濕式混合粉碎以製備漿料；4）顆粒製備步驟，利用造粒機以噴霧乾燥法對上述漿料進行加工以製備顆粒；5）乾式粉碎步驟，將所製備的顆粒乾式粉碎至0.1～50 μm的尺寸以製備顆粒粉末；6）將上述顆粒粉末與氨基甲酸乙酯類溶劑混合並塗佈於纖維的步驟；7）表面處理步驟，使完成塗佈處理的上述纖維的表面通過凹版輥以進行表面處理；以及8）層壓步驟，將熱塑性聚氨酯（TPU）層壓並黏合於完成上述表面處理的布料的表面。
上述結構的特徵在於，在上述混合步驟中，將90～98.8重量百分比的煅燒礦物粒子、0.1～5重量百分比的矽酸鋯、0.1～1重量百分比的奈米銀與1～4重量百分比的絲蘭提取物混合。
上述結構的特徵在於，在上述濕式粉碎步驟中，基於100重量份的混合物，水的添加量為20～50重量份。 《對照先前技術之功效》
根據本發明，提供一種能夠將麥閃石或黏土礦物順利應用於纖維布料（紡織品）的塗佈方法。
更具體地，以麥閃石、黏土礦物、矽酸鋯、絲蘭提取物、奈米銀等作為原料製備顆粒後，對該顆粒進行乾式粉碎，然後在纖維布料進行塗佈處理，從而可以容易地應用於纖維布料。
以下，對本發明的將麥閃石或黏土礦物塗佈於纖維的方法進行詳細說明。 1 ）煅燒礦物粒子製備步驟
在準備麥閃石或黏土礦物之後，將其粉碎至0.1～5 m/m的尺寸，然後在800～1100℃的溫度下煅燒。
麥閃石（Macsumsuk）由如上所述的成分組成，麥閃石為火成岩中屬於石英斑岩的岩石，一般具有容易被風化及破碎的特點，尤其是白長石常被高嶺土化，黑雲母也幾乎都被氧化並以氧化鐵的形式分散存在。
其特點是含有大量角閃石，已知由於含有大量的氧化鋁，因此存在α射線，而α射線對生物有正面作用。
麥閃石產生的波長在8 μm至14 μm的範圍內，已知其為對活體最有益的波長範圍的遠紅外線。
已知該波長範圍的遠紅外線可以活化活體細胞並促進新陳代謝。
由於麥閃石在微粉碎時產生的遠紅外線的放射率高於麥閃石在岩石狀態下產生的遠紅外線的放射率，故將麥閃石粉碎。
另外，除了麥閃石之外，黏土礦物也以相同的方式進行。
即，麥閃石和黏土礦物可以單獨準備，也能夠以它們的混合物的形式準備，它們的混合比可以為麥閃石：黏土礦物為1：0.1～5的重量比。 2 ）混合步驟
準備矽酸鋯（ZrSiO 3）、奈米銀、絲蘭提取物並與上述煅燒礦物粒子混合以製備混合物。
矽酸鋯由約10～100 μm的粒子組成，其可滲透到其他原料之間的微細孔隙內部或固著於不規則表面的凹槽中，從而防止顆粒表面變得凹凸不平並使其光滑，進一步增加強度。
奈米銀是一種抗菌物質，其能夠在顆粒中發揮抗菌特性。
絲蘭是一種仙人掌，野生生長在從美國南部到中美洲的沙漠地區，美洲印第安人長期以來將絲蘭用於治療和保健目的。它們還以各種方式烹調絲蘭，包括花、果實、種子、莖和根等，並將其用作食物。在醫療用途上，絲蘭已被有效地用於治療風濕病和關節炎等，其利用方法為將絲蘭的莖切下並用水煮沸製成濃縮物，供關節炎患者使用或塗在關節上等。這些方法已在現代科學中得到證實，因而仍在世界許多國家用作關節炎治療劑。
已存在將絲蘭提取物應用於家畜飼料的案例，但尚未有應用於纖維塗佈的案例，在本發明中，絲蘭提取物起到去除纖維布料本身的氣味、汗或排泄物等與布料接觸後產生的氣味等的作用。
為此目的，原料較佳以90～98.8重量百分比的煅燒礦物粒子、0.1～5重量百分比的矽酸鋯（ZrSiO 3）、0.1～1重量百分比的奈米銀、1～4重量百分比的絲蘭提取物的混合比組成。
表2
分類 成分（重量百分比）
煅燒礦物粒子 98.8 90
矽酸鋯（ZrSiO 3） 0.1 5
奈米銀 0.1 1
絲蘭提取物 1 4
合計 100 100
在上述組成中，當矽酸鋯（ZrSiO 3）的含量小於上述最低含量時，纖維布料的質地不光滑；而當含量超過最高含量時，布料價格變得太高。
當奈米銀的含量同樣地也小於最低含量時，抗菌功能降低；而當含量超過最高含量時，布料價格變高。
當絲蘭提取物的含量小於上述最低含量時，除臭效果降低；而當含量過高時，由於具有特殊氣味而不適合。
根據如上所述的混合步驟的原料混合如下表3所示。 3 ）濕式粉碎步驟
在上述混合物中添加水之後，利用球磨機進行濕式混合粉碎以製備漿料。
在此情況下，基於100重量份的混合物，水的添加量可以為20～50重量份。 4 ）顆粒製備步驟
利用造粒機以噴霧乾燥法對上述漿料進行加工以製備顆粒。
更具體地，顆粒製備方法如下：點燃造粒機的熱風爐燃燒器使其升溫，在爐內部溫度升溫至150～500℃的狀態下，運轉鼓風機將熱量移至旋風分離器內部，當內部溫度達到一定溫度時，將噴嘴投入旋風分離器的下端部，並利用高壓泵將漿料提升到上部。
在此情況下，紡絲的液體透過從旋風分離器上部側面引入的熱風而產生渦流並下降，並且，原料中所含的水分由於內部熱量而蒸發，從而獲得形成有孔隙的顆粒。
圖2是顯示以如上所述的方式製備的顆粒的顯微鏡照片。
從圖中可知，由於顆粒粒子內所含的水分在內部急劇汽化，壓力因此時形成的氣泡的溫度膨脹而增加，當壓力達到一定壓力以上時，就會穿透球形表面，形成如圖所示的環形顆粒形態。
水蒸氣逸出後的環形顆粒在水分子曾經所在的位置形成小孔隙。 5 ）乾式粉碎步驟
將所製備的顆粒乾式粉碎至0.1～50 μm的尺寸以製備顆粒粉末。
粉碎可以利用棒磨機或乾式球磨機等來進行，粉碎後透過篩分僅篩選出尺寸在上述範圍內的顆粒粉末。
進行乾式粉碎製程的原因是為了減小尺寸，因為若將成型的顆粒直接應用於布料時，布料表面的異物感會增加，並且可能發生它們容易從布料分離的現象。 6 ）塗佈步驟
將上述顆粒粉末與氨基甲酸乙酯類溶劑混合並塗佈（印染）於纖維。
作為氨基甲酸乙酯類溶劑，包括熱塑性聚氨酯（TPU）等。
作為塗佈方式，可以應用以往公知的塗佈方式，也可以應用印染方式。 7 ）表面處理步驟
使完成塗佈處理的纖維表面通過凹版輥來進行表面處理。
當通過凹版輥時，表面變得光滑，提高撥水效果。 8 ）層壓步驟
將熱塑性聚氨酯（TPU）層壓並黏合於完成上述表面處理的布料表面。
在此情況下，可以獲得防水效果。
在層壓步驟中，還可以透過在布料中添加棉或網布後，進行部分層壓來獲得所需的圖案和層次感。
以下，對本發明的實施例以及用於與實施例進行比較的比較例進行說明。 實施例及比較例的布料塗佈
在將麥閃石粉碎為0.1～5 m/m的尺寸後，在1000℃的溫度下進行煅燒以製備粒子，準備以10～100 μm的尺寸篩選出的矽酸鋯、奈米銀及液體絲蘭提取物。
然後，按照下表的混合比混合原料來製備混合物。
表3
分類 A B C D 合計
實施例 1 98.8 0.1 0.1 1 100
2 90 5 1 4 100
3 97.42 0.08 0.5 2 100
4 92.3 5.2 0.5 2 100
5 94.92 3 0.08 2 100
6 93.8 3 1.2 2 100
7 95.7 3 0.5 0.8 100
8 92.3 3 0.5 4.2 100
比較例 1 97.5 0 0.5 2 100
2 95 3 0 2 100
3 96.5 3 0.5 0 100
（A：煅燒礦物粒子，B：矽酸鋯，C：奈米銀，D：絲蘭提取物）
隨後，將100重量份的混合物與基於100重量份混合物的30～50重量份的水混合之後，利用球磨機進行濕式混合粉碎以製備漿料。
然後，將漿料投入應用噴霧乾燥法的造粒機並進行加工來製備顆粒。
隨後，利用乾式球磨機對所製備的顆粒進行粉碎，並以0.1～50 μm的尺寸進行篩選來製備顆粒粉末。
隨後，準備熱塑性聚氨酯（TPU）並與顆粒粉末混合之後，分別塗佈於麂皮絨布料、純棉、50%棉滌混紡布料。
隨後，使完成塗佈的布料通過凹版輥來進行表面處理後，在完成表面處理的布料表面層壓並黏合熱塑性聚氨酯（TPU）。 實驗例 1 ：抗菌實驗
將實施例1之經塗佈的麂皮絨布料委託給韓國建設和生活環境試驗研究院進行抗菌實驗。
實驗方法依據KCL-FIR-1003：2018，實驗結果如下：接種大腸桿菌及金黃色葡萄球菌，並在37℃左右的環境中經過24小時，結果大腸桿菌減少了99.1%，金黃色葡萄球菌減少了96.6%。
圖3是顯示試驗報告，圖4以照片的形式示出試驗結果的結果物。 實驗例 2 ：除臭試驗
將實施例1之製備過程中的顆粒粉末作為樣品委託給韓國建設生活環境試驗研究院進行除臭實驗。
實驗方法如下：將20 g的試樣放入5升反應釜中並密封之後，以50 μmol/mol的初始濃度注入氣體，在0分鐘、30分鐘、60分鐘、90分鐘、120分鐘時測量試驗氣體的濃度，並將其設為樣品濃度，在氣體檢測管（SPS-KCL12218-6218）中測量了試驗氣體的濃度。在試驗過程中，溫度保持在23.0℃，濕度保持在50%的相對濕度。另外，在無試樣的狀態下，以同樣的方法進行測量，並將其設為空白。
透過下式計算每個時間段的試驗氣體濃度降低率。 試驗氣體的濃度降低率（%）＝ {（空白濃度－樣品濃度）/ 空白濃度} × 100
試驗項目為氨及硫化氫，實驗結果如圖5及圖6所示。
從實驗結果可知，在氨氣的情況下，從經過30分鐘開始，樣品濃度就表現出99.5%的降低率；在硫化氫情況下，濃度也降低。 實驗例 3 ：根據洗滌次數的塗層剝離程度的測量
將實施例及比較例中的每種各10片布料重複進行洗滌和乾燥，測量塗層開始剝離時的洗滌次數，計算其平均值並示於下表4中。
表4
分類 麂皮絨布料 純棉 50%棉滌混紡
實施例 1 327 524 617
2 352 547 662
3 283 422 511
4 252 417 499
5 262 431 524
6 277 452 522
7 263 414 485
8 284 469 517
比較例 1 52 102 145
2 43 89 132
3 61 115 162
如上表4所示，可知當重複進行洗滌和乾燥時，實施例中的塗層的維持時間顯著長於比較例。 實驗例 4 ：對觸感（光滑度）的感官評估
選擇10位專家對上述實施例及比較例的每種塗佈布料的觸感進行評估，計算其觸感的平均值並示於下表5中。
表5
分類 麂皮絨布料 純棉 50%棉滌混紡
實施例 1 ◎ ◎ ◎
2 ◎ ◎ ◎
3 ○ ○ ○
4 ○ ○ ○
5 ○ ○ ○
6 ○ ○ ○
7 ○ ○ ○
8 ○ ○ ○
比較例 1 × △ ×
2 × × ×
3 × × △
* 評估標準：（◎：非常光滑，○：稍光滑，△：一般，×：粗糙）
如上表5所示，可知實施例的布料的觸感更優於比較例。 實驗例 5 ：對洗滌後觸感的感官評估
選擇10位專家對上述實施例及比較例的每種塗佈布料在剛製備後的觸感及20次洗滌後的觸感進行了比較。
評估觸感，計算觸感的平均值並示於下表6至8中。
表6　　　　　　麂皮絨布料
分類 第一次觸感 20次洗滌後的觸感
實施例 1 4.75 4.63
2 4.77 4.65
3 4.23 3.45
4 4.11 3.32
5 3.98 3.11
6 4.21 3.54
7 4.11 3.45
8 3.95 3.23
比較例 1 2.7 1.2
2 2.5 1.1
3 2.4 1.3
表7　　　　　　純棉布料
分類 第一次觸感 20次洗滌後的觸感
實施例 1 4.51 4.4
2 4.62 4.51
3 4.17 3.51
4 4.05 3.40
5 3.77 3.23
6 4.10 3.47
7 4.01 3.35
8 3.55 3.0
比較例 1 2.6 1.0
2 2.7 1.1
3 2.5 1.2
表8　　　　50%棉滌混紡布料
分類 第一次觸感 20次洗滌後的觸感
實施例 1 4.78 4.62
2 4.69 4.51
3 4.21 3.57
4 4.15 3.65
5 4.21 3.62
6 4.08 3.48
7 4.19 3.57
8 4.12 3.61
比較例 1 2.9 1.1
2 2.9 1.2
3 2.8 1.2
*評估標準：（5：非常好，4：好，3：一般，2：差，1：非常差）
如上表6至8所示，可知實施例的布料在第一次和20次洗滌後的觸感幾乎沒有差異，而比較例的觸感則差很多。 實驗例 6 ：洗滌前後的除臭性能變化測量實驗
將28%體積濃度的氨水用4倍體積的水稀釋來製備稀釋液，將0.15 cc的稀釋液放入300 cc的錐形瓶中，使氨濃度達到160 ppm之後，裁剪實施例及比較例的布料（麂皮絨布料），分別加入20 g的試樣，添加5 cc的試驗溶液後密封、放置，在60分鐘後測量3分鐘及60分鐘後的臭味源濃度，並計算偏差。
在此情況下，剛製造後的樣品及重複20次洗滌並乾燥的樣品各自的偏差示於下表9至11中。
濃度偏差＝3分鐘後的濃度－60分鐘後的濃度
表9
分類 剛製造後的布料 洗滌並乾燥20次後的布料
3分鐘後的濃度 （ppm） 60分鐘後的濃度 （ppm） 濃度偏差 3分鐘後的濃度 （ppm） 60分鐘後的濃度 （ppm） 濃度偏差
實施例 1 89 24 65 90 28 62
2 91 27 64 92 29 63
3 91 35 56 92 43 49
4 90 37 53 91 44 47
5 89 34 55 92 43 49
6 90 33 57 91 45 46
7 91 33 58 90 43 47
8 88 34 54 89 44 45
比較例 1 92 62 30 92 78 14
2 91 61 30 91 82 9
3 92 59 33 93 85 8
如上表9所示，實施例的布料在剛製備後或洗滌並乾燥20次後的布料均具有較大的濃度偏差，並且彼此相似；但在比較例的情況下，剛製造後的濃度偏差小於實施例的濃度偏差，並且當洗滌並乾燥20次時，濃度偏差僅為8，顯示幾乎失去了除臭能力。
無
圖1是顯示麥閃石的遠紅外線放射量的曲線圖； 圖2是顯示本發明進行過程中所製備的顆粒的電子顯微鏡測量照片； 圖3為實驗例1的試驗報告； 圖4是顯示實驗例1的試驗結果的照片；以及 圖5及圖6是顯示實驗例2的試驗結果的試驗報告。

Claims (3)

  1. 一種纖維塗佈方法，包括： 1）煅燒礦物粒子製備步驟，在準備麥閃石或黏土礦物之後，將其粉碎至0.1～5 m/m的尺寸，並在800～1100℃的溫度下進行煅燒以製備煅燒礦物粒子； 2）混合步驟，準備矽酸鋯、奈米銀和絲蘭提取物，並將他們與上述煅燒礦物粒子混合以製備混合物； 3）濕式粉碎步驟，在上述混合物中添加水之後，利用球磨機進行濕式混合粉碎以製備漿料； 4）顆粒製備步驟，利用造粒機以噴霧乾燥法對上述漿料進行加工以製備顆粒； 5）乾式粉碎步驟，將所製備的顆粒乾式粉碎至0.1～50 μm的尺寸以製備顆粒粉末； 6）將上述顆粒粉末與氨基甲酸乙酯類溶劑混合並塗佈於纖維的步驟； 7）表面處理步驟，使完成塗佈處理的上述纖維的表面通過凹版輥以進行表面處理；以及 8）層壓步驟，將熱塑性聚氨酯層壓並黏合於完成上述表面處理的布料的表面。
  2. 如請求項1所述之纖維塗佈方法，其中，在上述混合步驟中，將90～98.8重量百分比的上述煅燒礦物粒子、0.1～5重量百分比的上述矽酸鋯、0.1～1重量百分比的上述奈米銀與1～4重量百分比的上述絲蘭提取物混合。
  3. 如請求項2所述之纖維塗佈方法，其中，在上述濕式粉碎步驟中，基於100重量份的上述混合物，上述水的添加量為20～50重量份。
TW112127837A 2022-07-27 2023-07-25 纖維塗佈方法 TWI837042B (zh)

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