TW202204925A - 電力轉換裝置及遠距監視系統 - Google Patents
電力轉換裝置及遠距監視系統 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0009—Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/325—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
- H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
- H02M7/5395—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/60—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive
- H02P29/68—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive based on the temperature of a drive component or a semiconductor component
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/327—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection against abnormal temperatures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
- H02M5/443—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M5/45—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
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Abstract
本發明之課題在於提供一種可高精度運算功率半導體器件之壽命的電力轉換裝置及遠距監視系統。
本發明係一種以具有功率半導體器件之逆變器控制電流之流通或切斷進行期望之電力轉換的電力轉換裝置,且具備:馬達控制器,其基於由電流感測器檢測出之電流值、速度指令及載波頻率算出閘極信號控制逆變器;溫度歷程運算器,其推定功率半導體器件之損耗且運算溫度歷程;溫度歷程記憶裝置,其保存溫度歷程之運算結果;損傷運算器,其根據自溫度歷程記憶裝置讀出之溫度歷程運算功率半導體器件之損傷。
Description
本發明係關於一種具備功率半導體器件之電力轉換裝置。
通用逆變器所代表之電力轉換裝置於工業界中廣泛用作製造裝置、升降裝置、搬送裝置等之馬達驅動裝置。於此等各種用途中,通用逆變器尋求穩定運轉。萬一,於通用逆變器停止之情形,會導致工廠停止生產或設備停止運轉,而造成非常大之影響。
通用逆變器以IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor:絕緣閘雙極電晶體)或二極體等功率半導體器件控制電流之流通、切斷,進行期望之電力轉換。功率半導體器件以打線接合、或以焊料與形成於絕緣基板上之銅箔圖案等接合,藉此與功率半導體器件外部的電路電性連接。絕緣基板安裝於金屬基底上,功率半導體器件經由金屬基底冷卻。將如此於具備與外部電路之電性連接構造或冷卻構造之外殼內置有功率半導體器件的零件稱為功率模組。
於功率半導體器件中流通、切斷電流時,功率半導體器件發熱,於接面與散熱片(具備冷卻構造之金屬基底)間產生溫度差(以下稱為△T)。於逆變器停止時,發熱消散,△T減小。上述功率半導體器件之接合部(打線接合、與銅箔圖案之接合部)一般使用熱膨脹率不同之材料,故因△T之變動,對接合部施加熱應用。當△T之變動反復時,接合部中發生剝離或龜裂而導致故障。導致此種故障之時間因△T之程度或頻率而異。△T之程度或頻率因電力轉換裝置之使用方法、由電力轉換裝置驅動之裝置而各異。又,因裝置之使用狀況,施加於IGBT與二極體之負載之比例亦不同。因此,為了預防此種故障,需要用以根據電力轉換裝置之使用狀況,掌握施加於IGBT與二極體之負載程度的處置。
本技術領域中,作為先前技術,有專利文獻1。專利文獻1中,提案有以下之電動機控制裝置,其由溫度變化推定部,基於根據流過開關電路之半導體元件之電流運算出之輸出電流信號、運轉頻率信號、及載波頻率信號,推定半導體元件之溫度變化,運算溫度變化振幅,且由熱應力運算部,根據儲存於功率循環曲線資料記憶部之功率循環區域資料換算成與溫度變化振幅對應之功率循環數,運算熱應力信號,並由壽命推定部,基於熱應力信號進行半導體元件之壽命推定,作為壽命推定結果信號輸出於顯示部。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]國際公開第2004/082114號
[發明所欲解決之問題]
專利文獻1中,溫度變化推定部之運算、熱應力運算部之運算、壽命推定部之運算同時進行。此種構成中,施加於進行該等運算之運算裝置之負載較大,有難以實現高精度運算之問題。又,於說明書中之式(1),例示運算半導體元件之發熱量作為輸出電流I之函數之方法,但因動力運轉、再生狀態,功率電晶體與二極體中流通之實效電流不同,故有無法高精度地運算各者之損耗之問題。
[解決問題之技術手段]
若舉本發明之一例,則為一種以具有功率半導體器件之逆變器控制電流之流通或切斷而進行期望之電力轉換的電力轉換裝置,且具備:馬達控制器,其基於由電流感測器檢測出之電流值、速度指令及載波頻率算出閘極信號控制逆變器;溫度歷程運算器,其推定功率半導體器件之損耗運算溫度歷程;溫度歷程記憶裝置,其保存溫度歷程之運算結果;及損傷運算器,其根據自溫度歷程記憶裝置讀出之溫度歷程運算功率半導體器件之損傷。
根據本發明,可高精度地運算功率半導體器件之壽命。
以下,對本發明的實施例,使用圖式進行說明。
圖1係本實施例之電力轉換裝置之構成圖。圖1中,電力轉換裝置100具備主電路200、壽命推定裝置300及介面裝置400。
首先,對主電路200進行說明。主電路200由將自交流電源101送出之交流電力整流之二極體整流器201、平滑電容器202、及具備功率半導體開關元件即IGBT203、及反向並聯連接於IGBT203之二極體204的逆變器205構成。本實施例中,逆變器205作為圖2所示之三相2位準方式之逆變器進行說明。
逆變器205由馬達控制器206控制。具體而言,馬達控制器206根據由電流感測器207a、207b檢測出之電流值、速度指令、設定之載波頻率fc算出閘極信號。將算出之閘極信號由閘極驅動器208放大,作為閘極電壓輸入至IGBT203(a、b、c、d、e、f)。將閘極之接通期間相對於載波週期之比稱為導通工作比D。藉此,以使馬達102成為指令之速度之方式輸出電壓。IGBT203、二極體204皆因接通時之焦耳損耗或流通切斷切換時之開關損耗、恢復損耗,而使接面溫度上升,於斷開時,使接面溫度降低。
於圖3顯示內置IGBT203、二極體204之功率模組220之立體圖,於圖4顯示圖3內之A-A'剖視圖。
圖3中,於外殼221之內部,將IGBT203、二極體204等複數個功率半導體元件222、溫度感測器223配置於面上(圖3、圖4中僅明示1個半導體元件)。
圖4中,功率模組220依序積層功率半導體元件222、晶片下焊料224、銅箔225、絕緣基板226、基板下焊料227、金屬基底228,晶片下焊料224、基板下焊料227將相鄰之層接合。半導體元件面之另一面由金屬導線229接合。
因功率半導體元件222由具備不同之熱膨脹係數之物質接合,故於功率半導體元件之溫度上升下降時,對接合部施加應力。將對該應力之耐量稱為功率循環耐量,由稱為壽命週期之特定溫度振幅下可使用之反復數表示。因此,若知曉半導體元件之溫度歷程,則可推定壽命。
接著,對壽命推定裝置300進行說明。圖1中,本實施例之壽命推定裝置300以運算指令A為觸發,溫度歷程運算器301根據自馬達控制器206獲得之載波頻率fc與導通工作比D、由電壓感測器209檢測出之直流電壓Vd、由電流感測器207檢測出之電流I、IGBT及二極體之熱特性表303、電特性表302、推定IGBT與二極體各者之半導體元件損耗。以下,詳細地進行說明。
首先,例如圖5所示,將直流電壓321低於基準電壓322之情形判定為動力運轉,將直流電壓高於基準電壓之情形判定為再生。或自馬達控制器具有之控制資訊,推定馬達功率因數,判定動力運轉與再生。且,上臂之IGBT之損耗Pq於電流為正向時,例如於動力運轉時,由下述式(1)運算,於再生時由下述式(2)運算。
此處,rq、vq為圖6所示之IGBT之集極射極間電壓-集電流特性331之線性近似曲線332之斜率與截距。又,aq、bq為圖7所示之直流電壓為vdb時之IGBT之每單脈衝之開關損耗-集電流特性336之線性近似曲線337的斜率與截距。圖1中,該等變數保存於電特性表302。
又,下臂二極體之損耗pd於電流為正向時,例如於動力運轉時由下述式(3)運算,於再生時由下述式(4)運算。
此處,rd、vd為圖8所示之二極體之順向電壓-順向電流特性341之線性近似曲線342之斜率與截距。又,ad、bd為圖9所示之直流電壓為vdb時之二極體之每單脈衝之恢復損耗-順向電流特性346之線性近似曲線347的斜率與截距。圖1中,該等變數保存於電特性表302。
接著,算出IGBT與二極體各者之半導體元件之溫度歷程。以下,詳細地進行說明。
首先,IGBT之接面與散熱片間之溫度差△Tq例如由下述式(5)運算。
此處,τthq、rthq為圖10所示之IGBT之熱阻抗-時間特性351之近似曲線352之變數。圖1中,該等變數保存於熱特性表303。
損耗Pq之運算及△Tq之運算於可任意設定之△t之週期內進行,第i個△Tq為△Tq[i]。圖1中,△Tq[i]之運算結果送出、保存於溫度歷程記憶裝置304。於式(5)之運算時,自溫度歷程記憶裝置304讀入△Tq[i-1]。
△Tq[0]可設定適於發行運算指令A之時點之任意值。例如,於判斷為逆變器之停止時間較τthq充分大之情形時,藉由將Tq[0]設為0,可進行更高精度之運算。又,藉由將△t設定為小,可提高溫度歷程運算之精度。為獲得特定精度,較佳為設定較功率模組之熱時間常數之1/10更小之△t。另一方面,若將△t設定為大,則因可削減每單位時間之溫度歷程之資料量,故有可節約記憶容量,且可記憶更長時間之溫度歷程之優點。
接著,二極體之接面與散熱片間之溫度差△Td例如由式(6)運算。
此處,τthd、rthd為圖11所示之二極體之熱阻抗-時間特性356之近似曲線357之變數。圖1中,該等變數保存於熱特性表303。
於圖12顯示動力運轉、加速運轉時,上臂IBGT與二極體之溫度歷程之運算結果之一例。圖12自上段起依序為圖1中馬達控制器206具有之輸出頻率f0之波形,接著為運算結果即△Tq、△Td之波形。該例中,△Tq之第2個峰值最大,△Td之第3個峰值最大。藉由保存溫度歷程,可檢測對高精度之壽命預測重要之損傷最大之溫度峰值。
接著,對使用上述溫度歷程,推定劣化度(損傷)之處理進行說明。另,以下省略區分IGBT與二極體。圖1所示之損傷運算器305自溫度歷程記憶裝置304讀入溫度歷程,如圖13所示,擷取△T之極小點、極大點(以下,將極小點、極大點總稱為反轉點)。自擷取之反轉點之排列△T',以雨流法等計數方法數出△T'之產生振幅R之次數。根據該結果,溫度歷程全體之損傷d[1]例如由式(7)運算。
此處,R[j]表示第j個R,n[j]表示R[j]之產生次數。alx、blx為圖14所示之壽命週期-Tjc特性曲線361之近似曲線362之係數,於圖1中,保存於耐量特性表306。
本實施例中,以進行線性近似時之係數顯示耐量特性曲線之例,亦可以其他方法進行近似、或將特性表格化等。擷取反轉點之處理亦可由溫度歷程運算器301進行。若由溫度歷程運算器301進行本處理,則無需保存反轉點以外之資訊,可節減記憶量。
將本運算結果d[1]送出至圖1所示之累積損傷運算器307,加到自累積損傷記憶裝置308讀入之過去之累積損傷d[0]中。即,由式(8)運算新的累積損傷d[0]。
d[0]最初為0,隨著損傷蓄積而增大,達到1後判定為壽命。
將本運算結果d[0]送出、保存於損傷累積記憶裝置308。接著,自累積損傷記憶裝置308將d[0]送出至壽命推定器309,由式(9)運算壽命L。
L最初為100,隨著損傷累積而減小,達到0後即為壽命。
藉由以上構成,壽命推定裝置300可運算IGBT203及二極體204之伴隨功率循環之壽命。
另,上述損耗之推定及溫度歷程之算出處理需要於逆變器運轉時根據瞬時電流與控制資訊求得。另一方面,因溫度歷程保存於記憶裝置,故上述損耗之運算可於逆變器之處理能力尚有餘裕時進行。例如,為將運算負載平滑化,可於無PWM(Pulse Width Modulation:脈衝寬度調變)之運算等運算裝置之負載較小之逆變器待機時進行處理。或可於進行複數次溫度算出處理之期間,進行1次損傷運算。
接著,對介面裝置400進行說明。於圖1中,壽命推定器309將壽命推定結果421送出至警報判定器401。
圖15係說明本實施例之電力轉換裝置之壽命運算結果與基準值之比較方法之圖。於圖15中,警報判定器401比較壽命推定結果421與可任意設定之基準值422。將壽命推定結果421為基準值422以上之情形稱為非警報期間,將未達基準值422之情形稱為警報期間。於非警報期間,將壽命推定結果送出至圖1之顯示器402,例如,如圖16所示,以知曉壽命之方式明示。於圖16中,於顯示器402顯示壽命餘36%。
又,於警報期間,如圖17所示,將低於基準值且與正常時不同之情況,以令使用者知曉方式顯示。圖17中,於顯示器402以“EEE”顯示低於基準值之情形。
如此,藉由明示壽命及警報,例如,可在達到壽命之前更換功率模組,又,可以延長逆變器之加減速時間等縮退處置延長功率模組之壽命,可研究突發故障之預防處置,且可防範突發故障於未然。
如以上所示,根據本實施例,可高精度地運算IGBT及二極體之壽命。又,藉由將壽命及警報明示化,可防範突發故障於未然。
[實施例2]
圖18係本實施例之具有電力轉換裝置之遠距監視系統之構成圖。圖18中,對與圖1相同之構成標註相同符號,省略其之說明。圖18中與圖1不同之點在於,電力轉換裝置100除圖1之構成外,具備通信器501,且經由通信網路網502連接於監視複數個電力轉換裝置之監視裝置503。
圖18中,溫度歷程運算器301將溫度歷程運算結果及警報判定結果送出至通信器501。通信器501經由通信網路網502將該等資訊送出至監視裝置503。
圖19係本實施例之將複數個電力轉換裝置經由通信網路網連接於監視裝置的遠距監視系統之影像圖。圖19中,各個電力轉換裝置100經由通信器501連接於通信網路網502。又,監視裝置503連接於通信網路網502,監視複數個電力轉換裝置100。
藉由以上構成,可由監視裝置503監視複數個電力轉換裝置100。再者,於監視裝置503,搭載詳細之顯示器等顯示裝置、高性能之運算裝置,藉此能夠綜合管理、分析複數台電力轉換裝置100之運轉狀況比較、或異常運轉之檢測等。例如,即使於事務所等離開電力轉換裝置之場所,亦可管理每日之運轉狀況,可使管理業務效率化。再者,藉由資料之積累,可逐次更新籌劃維護計劃或運轉計劃所需之資訊。又,發生異常時,由於可於關係部門間共用客觀之運轉狀況,故可縮短不運轉時間。
[實施例3]
本實施例中對利用再生轉換器之電力轉換裝置進行說明。圖20係本實施例之電力轉換裝置之構成圖。圖20中,對與圖1相同之構成標註相同符號,省略其說明。圖20中與圖1之不同點在於,具有利用再生轉換器之主電路600。
圖20中,主電路600係取代圖1之二極體整流器201,而具備再生轉換器601者,該再生轉換器601具備功率半導體開關元件即IGBT203、及與IGBT反向並聯連接之二極體204。又,具備再生轉換器606。再生轉換器601可藉由IGBT203之開關而調整輸入電力之功率因數,故有可抑制直流電壓之變動之優點。
以上雖對實施例進行說明,但本發明並非限定於上述實施例者,包含各種變化例。例如,上述實施例係為易於理解本發明而詳細說明者,未必限定於具備說明之所有構成者。又,對各實施例之構成之一部分,可追加、刪除、置換其他構成。又,上述各構成、功能、其等之一部分或全部可由解釋執行使處理器實現各功能之程式之軟體實現,亦可藉由例如於積體電路中進行設計等而以硬體實現。
100:電力轉換裝置
101:交流電源
102:馬達
200:主電路
201:二極體整流器
202:平滑電容器
203:IGBT
203a~203f:IGBT
204:二極體
204a~204f:二極體
205:逆變器
206:馬達控制器
207:電流感測器
207a:電流感測器
207b:電流感測器
208:閘極驅動器
209:電壓感測器
220:功率模組
221:外殼
222:功率半導體元件
223:溫度感測器
224:晶片下焊料
225:銅箔
226:絕緣基板
227:基板下焊料
228:金屬基底
229:金屬導線
300:壽命推定裝置
301:溫度歷程運算器
302:電特性表
303:熱特性表
304:溫度歷程記憶裝置
305:損傷運算器
306:耐量特性表
307:累積損傷運算器
308:累積損傷記憶裝置
309:壽命推定器
321:直流電壓
322:基準電壓
331:集極射極間電壓-集電流特性
332:線性近似曲線
336:開關損耗-集電流特性
337:線性近似曲線
341:順向電壓-順向電流特性
342:線性近似曲線
346:恢復損耗-順向電流特性
347:線性近似曲線
351:熱阻抗-時間特性
352:近似曲線
356:熱阻抗-時間特性
357:近似曲線
361:特性曲線
362:近似曲線
400:介面裝置
401:警報判定器
402:顯示器
421:壽命推定結果
422:基準值
501:通信器
502:通信網路網
503:監視裝置
600:主電路
601:再生轉換器
606:再生轉換器
A:運算指令
D:導通工作比
d[0]:累積損傷
d[1]:損傷
F0:輸出頻率
fc:載波頻率
I:電流
L:壽命
vd:直流電壓
△T'[1]~△T'[5]:反轉點排列
△T:溫度差
△Td:溫度差
△Tq:溫度差
圖1係實施例1之電力轉換裝置之構成圖。
圖2係實施例1之電力轉換裝置之逆變器之電路圖。
圖3係實施例1之電力轉換裝置之功率模組之立體圖。
圖4係實施例1之電力轉換裝置之功率模組之剖視圖。
圖5係顯示實施例1之電力轉換裝置之直流電壓之時間推移之圖。
圖6係顯示實施例1之電力轉換裝置之IGBT之集極射極間電壓-集電流特性之圖。
圖7係顯示實施例1之電力轉換裝置之IGBT之單脈衝開關損耗-集電流特性之圖。
圖8係顯示實施例1之電力轉換裝置之二極體之順向電壓-順向電流特性之圖。
圖9係顯示實施例1之電力轉換裝置之IGBT之單脈衝開關損耗-順向電流特性之圖。
圖10係顯示實施例1之電力轉換裝置之IGBT之熱阻抗-時間特性之圖。
圖11係顯示實施例1之電力轉換裝置之二極體之熱阻抗-時間特性之圖。
圖12係顯示實施例1之電力轉換裝置之溫度歷程之運算結果例之圖。
圖13係顯示實施例1之電力轉換裝置之溫度歷程之反轉點之圖。
圖14係顯示實施例1之電力轉換裝置之功率半導體元件之壽命週期-Tjc特性之圖。
圖15係說明實施例1之電力轉換裝置之壽命運算結果與基準值之比較方法之圖。
圖16係顯示實施例1之電力轉換裝置之壽命運算結果之壽命顯示之圖。
圖17係顯示實施例1之電力轉換裝置之壽命運算結果之警報顯示之圖。
圖18係顯示實施例2之具有電力轉換裝置之遠距監視系統之構成圖。
圖19係實施例2之將複數個電力轉換裝置經由通信網路網連接於監視裝置之遠距監視系統的影像圖。
圖20係實施例3之電力轉換裝置之構成圖。
100:電力轉換裝置
101:交流電源
102:馬達
200:主電路
201:二極體整流器
202:平滑電容器
203:IGBT
204:二極體
205:逆變器
206:馬達控制器
207a:電流感測器
207b:電流感測器
208:閘極驅動器
209:電壓感測器
223:溫度感測器
300:壽命推定裝置
301:溫度歷程運算器
302:電特性表
303:熱特性表
304:溫度歷程記憶裝置
305:損傷運算器
306:耐量特性表
307:累積損傷運算器
308:累積損傷記憶裝置
309:壽命推定器
400:介面裝置
401:警報判定器
402:顯示器
A:運算指令
D:導通工作比
d[0]:累積損傷
d[1]:損傷
fc:載波頻率
I:電流
L:壽命
vd:直流電壓
Claims (9)
- 一種電力轉換裝置,其係以具有功率半導體器件之逆變器控制電流之流通或切斷進行期望之電力轉換者,且具備: 馬達控制器,其基於由電流感測器檢測出之電流值、速度指令及載波頻率算出閘極信號,控制上述逆變器; 溫度歷程運算器,其推定上述功率半導體器件之損耗運算溫度歷程; 溫度歷程記憶裝置,其保存上述溫度歷程之運算結果;及 損傷運算器,其根據自上述溫度歷程記憶裝置讀出之溫度歷程運算上述功率半導體器件之損傷。
- 如請求項1之電力轉換裝置,其中 上述溫度歷程運算器根據上述載波頻率、導通工作比、直流電壓、上述電流及上述功率半導體器件之電特性,推定上述功率半導體器件之損耗,且根據該推定出之損耗與上述功率半導體器件之熱特性,運算上述功率半導體器件之溫度歷程。
- 如請求項1之電力轉換裝置,其中 上述溫度歷程運算器之處理於上述逆變器運轉時進行; 上述損傷運算器之處理於上述逆變器之處理能力尚有餘裕時進行。
- 如請求項2之電力轉換裝置,其中 上述功率半導體器件為IGBT與二極體;且 上述溫度歷程運算器對上述IGBT與上述二極體各者個別運算溫度歷程; 上述損傷運算器對上述IGBT與上述二極體各者個別運算損傷。
- 如請求項2之電力轉換裝置,其中 上述溫度歷程運算器自上述直流電壓之監視推定逆變器之動力運轉、再生資訊; 根據該動力運轉、再生資訊,於動力運轉時與再生時分別個別推定上述功率半導體器件之損耗; 自該推定出之損耗與上述功率半導體器件之熱特性,於動力運轉時與再生時,分別個別運算上述功率半導體器件之溫度歷程。
- 如請求項2之電力轉換裝置,其中 上述溫度歷程運算器自功率因數之監視推定逆變器之動力運轉、再生資訊; 根據該動力運轉、再生資訊,於動力運轉時與再生時分別個別推定上述功率半導體器件之損耗; 自該推定出之損耗與上述功率半導體器件之熱特性,於動力運轉時與再生時,分別個別運算上述功率半導體器件之溫度歷程。
- 如請求項1之電力轉換裝置,其具備: 累積損傷運算器,其將由上述損傷運算器運算出之上述功率半導體器件之損傷結果累積; 累積損傷記憶裝置,其保存上述累積之損傷結果;及 壽命推定器,其根據自上述累積損傷記憶裝置讀出之累積之損傷結果,推定上述功率半導體器件之壽命。
- 如請求項7之電力轉換裝置,其具備: 警報判定器,其比較來自上述壽命推定器之壽命推定結果與基準值,於該壽命推定結果為上述基準值以上之情形時作為非警報期間,將該壽命推定結果顯示於顯示器,於上述壽命推定結果未達上述基準值之情形時作為警報期間,於顯示器顯示低於基準值且與正常時不同之情況。
- 一種遠距監視系統,其係具備如請求項8之電力轉換裝置者, 上述電力轉換裝置具備通信器,經由通信網路網,連接於監視該電力轉換裝置之監視裝置; 上述電力轉換裝置將上述溫度歷程運算器之溫度歷程運算結果及上述警報判定器之警報判定結果送出至上述通信器,該通信器經由上述通信網路網將上述溫度歷程運算結果及上述警報判定結果送出至上述監視裝置。
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