TW202030020A - 微孔分子篩觸媒之第1族金屬離子含量 - Google Patents
微孔分子篩觸媒之第1族金屬離子含量 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW202030020A TW202030020A TW108137455A TW108137455A TW202030020A TW 202030020 A TW202030020 A TW 202030020A TW 108137455 A TW108137455 A TW 108137455A TW 108137455 A TW108137455 A TW 108137455A TW 202030020 A TW202030020 A TW 202030020A
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- group
- catalyst
- zsm
- metals
- metal
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 title description 14
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 14
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052914 metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- LPIQUOYDBNQMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentene Chemical compound C1CC=CC1 LPIQUOYDBNQMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 platinum amine compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NOWPEMKUZKNSGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;platinum(2+) Chemical compound N.N.N.N.[Pt+2] NOWPEMKUZKNSGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005698 Diels-Alder reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012013 faujasite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002848 norbornenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XEFUJGURFLOFAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5-isocyanatobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=CC(N=C=O)=C1 XEFUJGURFLOFAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021482 group 13 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OJOWICOBYCXEKR-KRXBUXKQSA-N (5e)-5-ethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical compound C1C2C(=C/C)/CC1C=C2 OJOWICOBYCXEKR-KRXBUXKQSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZXSQEZNORDWBGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-one Chemical compound C1=CN=C2NC(=O)CC2=C1 ZXSQEZNORDWBGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2] JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005750 Copper hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001153 Polydicyclopentadiene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- RAOSIAYCXKBGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Cu+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [Cu+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RAOSIAYCXKBGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940116318 copper carbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001956 copper hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical group [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- DYROSKSLMAPFBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O DYROSKSLMAPFBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;carbonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C([O-])=O GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- XNEQAVYOCNWYNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;dinitrite Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O XNEQAVYOCNWYNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006270 hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt]Cl CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Pt+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- JUADHDHZVNYPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-one;silver Chemical compound [Ag].CC(C)=O JUADHDHZVNYPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver acetate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC([O-])=O CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940071536 silver acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001958 silver carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver carbonate Substances [Ag].[O-]C([O-])=O LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KKKDGYXNGYJJRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver nitrite Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N=O KKKDGYXNGYJJRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K silver phosphate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940019931 silver phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000161 silver phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver sulfate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000367 silver sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LMEWRZSPCQHBOB-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC(O)C([O-])=O LMEWRZSPCQHBOB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- UKHWJBVVWVYFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Ag+] UKHWJBVVWVYFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- VONRZRFDZJRSNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(=O)C.[Cu].C(C)(=O)OCC Chemical compound CC(=O)C.[Cu].C(C)(=O)OCC VONRZRFDZJRSNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 21
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- PFEOZHBOMNWTJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpentane Chemical compound CCC(C)CC PFEOZHBOMNWTJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012066 reaction slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012494 Quartz wool Substances 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N (E)-1,3-pentadiene Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- GEBVYLHOCNKBAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;propan-2-one Chemical compound [Cu].CC(C)=O GEBVYLHOCNKBAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013847 iso-butane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003498 natural gas condensate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanol Chemical compound [SiH3]O SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XBFJAVXCNXDMBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyclo[6.2.1.1(3,6).0(2,7)]dodec-4-ene Chemical compound C1C(C23)C=CC1C3C1CC2CC1 XBFJAVXCNXDMBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C37/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C37/08—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by decomposition of hydroperoxides, e.g. cumene hydroperoxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
- B01J29/42—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/44—Noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/08—Silica
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
- B01J29/42—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/46—Iron group metals or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
- B01J29/48—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/90—Regeneration or reactivation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0027—Powdering
- B01J37/0045—Drying a slurry, e.g. spray drying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
- B01J8/067—Heating or cooling the reactor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
- B01J8/26—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with two or more fluidised beds, e.g. reactor and regeneration installations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C13/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing rings other than, or in addition to, six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C13/02—Monocyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof
- C07C13/08—Monocyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with a five-membered ring
- C07C13/15—Monocyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with a five-membered ring with a cyclopentadiene ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C07C2/42—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons homo- or co-oligomerisation with ring formation, not being a Diels-Alder conversion
- C07C2/44—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons homo- or co-oligomerisation with ring formation, not being a Diels-Alder conversion of conjugated dienes only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation
- C07C5/03—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/32—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen
- C07C5/373—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen with simultaneous isomerisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00389—Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/06—Details of tube reactors containing solid particles
- B01J2208/065—Heating or cooling the reactor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/18—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself
- B01J2229/183—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself in framework positions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C07C2521/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- C07C2521/08—Silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
- C07C2529/42—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- C07C2529/44—Noble metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/06—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring
- C07C2601/10—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring the ring being unsaturated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/32—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen
- C07C5/327—Formation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds only
- C07C5/333—Catalytic processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
一種觸媒,其包含具有少於或等於12之限制指數(Constraint index)的微孔結晶性鋁矽酸鹽、第1族鹼金屬或其化合物及/或第2族鹼土金屬或其化合物、第10族金屬或其化合物、及隨意地第11族金屬或其化合物;其中第1族及/或第2族金屬之總含量係在使所需之化學轉化製程最佳化的比率下。
Description
本發明係關於微孔分子篩製備且特別地關於此等分子篩之第1族金屬含量。
相關申請案
本申請案主張在2018年10月30日提出之臨時申請案62/752,553的優先權,其揭示內容藉由引用方式被併入本文中。
環戊二烯(CPD)如今是經液態進料的蒸汽裂解(亦即石腦油和較重質進料)的小量副產物。隨著蒸氣裂解更加變動至較輕質進料(現存設施和新構造的進料變動),CPD較少被製造,但需求逐漸提升。由於供應短缺所致之高的CPD價格限制潛在的聚合物成品。若能在不受限之速率下及潛在地在比從蒸汽裂解所回收者低的成本下製造另外的CPD,則能製造另外的聚合物產物。
已經發現含金屬之微孔分子篩諸如以ZSM-5晶體為底質之觸媒會進行非環狀C5的環化。此製程所需之觸媒是使環狀C5產率最大化且使進料分子變為無用副產物的損失最小化者。然而需要優化此類觸媒,且已發現:第1族金屬離子(尤其是鈉及/或鉀)的水平是重要的。本發明人已發現所需之微孔分子篩的某些最優水平。
本申請案係關於在2017年5月3日提出之U.S.S.N. 62/500,814,其藉由引用方式被併入本文中。
概要
本文中描述一種包含下列(或由下列所組成,或實質由下列所組成)的觸媒:(i)具有少於或等於12之限制指數(Constraint index)的微孔結晶性鋁矽酸鹽,(ii)第1族鹼金屬或其化合物及/或第2族鹼土金屬或其化合物,(iii)第10族金屬或其化合物,及隨意地(iv)第11族金屬或其化合物;其中第1族及/或第2族金屬之總含量比率係為在該鋁矽酸鹽中每莫耳鋁至少1.5莫耳。在任何具體例中,該第1族/第2族的比率是至少1.6、或1.8、或2.0、或3.0;或在1.5、或1.6、或1.8、或2.0、或3.0至5.0、或6.0、或8.0、或10.0之範圍內。
也描述一種包含下列(或由下列所組成,或實質由下列所組成)的觸媒:(i)具有少於或等於12之限制指數的微孔結晶性金屬矽酸鹽,(ii)第1族鹼金屬或其化合物及/或第2族鹼土金屬或其化合物,(iii)第10族金屬或其化合物,及隨意地(iv)第11族金屬或其化合物;其中第1族及/或第2族金屬在該觸媒中之總含量是在該金屬矽酸鹽中每莫耳矽石至少0.005莫耳。在任何具體例中,第1族及/或第2族金屬的總含量是每莫耳矽石至少0.006、或0.008、或0.010、或0.015、或0.020莫耳;或在每莫耳矽石0.005、或0.006、或0.008、或0.010、或0.015、或0.020莫耳至每莫耳矽石0.05、或0.06、或0.07、或0.08、或0.09、或0.10莫耳之範圍內。
詳細說明
用以製造CPD之方法常使用用以製造CPD之觸媒系統由豐富的C5原料製造CPD作為主要產物,同時製造最少量的輕質(C1至C4)副產物。C5原料可以是原生的(virgin)C5(飽和物,主要是正戊烷和異戊烷,及/或甲基丁烷,與較少量的環戊烷和新戊烷、及/或2,2-甲基丙烷,來自原油或天然氣冷凝物)或可以是藉由下述精煉方法和化學方法製造之經裂解的C5(上面的主幹結構,但呈不同飽和度:烷、烯、二烯、炔):FCC、重組、加氫裂解、加氫處理、煉焦、及蒸汽裂解。較低氫含量(亦即環狀的、烯、二烯)是較佳的,因為該反應之吸熱被減少且對轉化之熱力學限制被改良,但不飽和物比飽和的原料更貴。因此,最期望將飽和C5轉化成CPD的方法。
將飽和C5轉化成CPD之方法需要在該分子篩觸媒上有金屬官能度以影響該脫氫和環化活性。這金屬官能度較佳與鋁矽酸鹽晶體(較佳是ZSM-5)有關聯。在此觸媒中使用之該ZSM-5晶體係合成呈鈉形式,而在該晶體上之最後鈉水平為結晶條件和晶體回收步驟(例如洗滌)的函數。
已發現:在該以ZSM-5為底質之觸媒上該第1族金屬(尤其是鈉)的濃度影響在將非環狀C5環化的方法中使用的完成的觸媒的效能。雖然不希望侷限於理論,我們相信:相對鋁量需要過量的鈉;這可能是由於滴定該鋁位址之鈉不足,需要鈉以與矽醇交互作用,及/或需要鈉以形成秦特(zintl)離子來幫助提供高度分散之Pt。其他第1族及/或第2族金屬能與鈉一同被包括或代替鈉被包括。
因此,在任何具體例中的是一種觸媒,其中包含(i)具有少於或等於12之限制指數的微孔結晶性鋁矽酸鹽,(ii)第1族鹼金屬或其化合物及/或第2族鹼土金屬或其化合物,(iii)第10族金屬或其化合物,及隨意地(iv)第11族金屬或其化合物;其中第1族及/或第2族金屬之總含量比率係為在該鋁矽酸鹽中每莫耳鋁至少1.5莫耳。在任何具體例中,該第1族/第2族的比率是至少1.6、或1.8、或2.0、或3.0;或在1.5、或1.6、或1.8、或2.0、或3.0至5.0、或6.0、或8.0、或10.0之範圍內。
換言之,在任何具體例中的是一種觸媒,其包含(i)具有少於或等於12之限制指數的微孔結晶性金屬矽酸鹽,(ii)第1族鹼金屬或其化合物及/或第2族鹼土金屬或其化合物,(iii)第10族金屬或其化合物,及隨意地(iv)第11族金屬或其化合物;其中第1族及/或第2族金屬在該觸媒中之總含量是在該金屬矽酸鹽中每莫耳矽石至少0.005莫耳。在任何具體例中,第1族及/或第2族金屬之總含量是每莫耳矽石至少0.006、或0.008、或0.010、或0.015、或0.020莫耳;或在每莫耳矽石從0.005、或0.006、或0.008、或0.010、或0.015、或0.020莫耳至每莫耳矽石0.05、或0.06、或0.07、或0.08、或0.09、或0.10莫耳之範圍內。
換言之,該觸媒之第1族及/或第2族的含量為至少0.1 wt%、或0.2 wt%,或在0.1、或0.2至0.5、或0.8、或1 wt%的範圍內。
在本文中使用的,“觸媒”是一種能催化化學反應(較佳是將非環狀烴轉化成環狀烴)的固態及/或液態組成物,且包含至少一種微孔分子篩,尤其是微孔結晶性金屬矽酸鹽。該觸媒也可包括一或多種黏合劑。為要作為商業上可行的觸媒,該微孔金屬矽酸鹽與一些黏合劑(較佳是一種抵抗化學反應及由於熱所致之物理改變且進一步能將剛性結構提供給該微孔金屬矽酸鹽的材料)組合。因此,在任何具體例中,該黏合劑係選自矽石、氧化鈦、氧化鋯、鹼金屬矽酸鹽、第13族金屬矽酸鹽、碳化物、氮化物、磷酸鋁、鉬酸鋁、鋁酸鹽、表面鈍化的氧化鋁、及其混合物。在任何具體例中,該觸媒形成為擠出體形狀(圓柱形、分葉形、不對稱分葉形、螺旋分葉形)、噴霧乾燥的粒子、油滴粒子、混磨粒子(mulled particles)、球形粒子、及/或洗塗(wash coated)基材之一或多者;其中該基材可為擠出體、球形粒子、泡體、微晶及/或獨塊體。
在本文中使用的,“族"是指在HAWLEY’S CONDENSED CHEMICAL DICTIONARY, Thirteenth Edition (1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)中的元素週期表的族。
在本文中使用的,該“限制指數”是微孔分子篩(例如沸石、鋁矽酸鹽)將到達其內部結構之經控制的通道提供給不同尺寸之分子的程度的量度。例如,提供高度限制之進出其內部結構的通道的分子篩具有高的限制指數值,且此類分子篩經常具有小尺寸(例如小於5埃)的孔。另一方面,提供相對自由之通道至該分子篩內部結構的分子篩具有低的限制指數值及經常為大尺寸之孔。
該限制指數之測定係藉由在大氣壓下使等重量之正己烷和3-甲基戊烷之混合物連續通過小分子篩觸媒樣本(約1克或更少之觸媒)上而實施。呈丸粒或擠出體形之該觸媒樣本被壓碎成約粗砂的粒子尺寸且放置在玻璃管中。在試驗之前,該觸媒以在1000℉(538℃)的氣流處理至少15分鐘。該觸媒然後以氦沖洗且將溫度調節在550℉(288℃)與950℉(510℃)之間以獲得在10%與60%之間的整體轉化率。烴混合物在氦稀釋下以1之每小時液體空間速度(亦即每小時每體積觸媒通過1體積的液體烴)通過該觸媒上以產生4:1之氦對全部烴的莫耳比率。在流上20分鐘後,該流出物之樣本被取得且分析(最方便地是藉由氣體層析法),以測定殘留未改變之該二烴之每一者的分率。然後使用以下等式計算該限制指數:限制指數=Log10
(正己烷之殘留分率)/Log10
(3-甲基戊烷之殘留分率)。
該限制指數接近該二烴之裂解速率常數的比率。適合本發明之觸媒是那些具有在1至12之大略範圍中的限制指數者。關於一些一般觸媒之限制指數(CI)值是:Erinotite(38);ZSM-5(8.3);ZSM-11(8.7);ZSM-12(2);ZSM-38(2);ZSM-38(4.5);合成的絲光沸石(0.5);REY (0.4);非結晶型鋁矽酸鹽(0.6)。
在本文中使用的,分子篩觸媒之該“α值"是該觸媒之裂解活性的量度。催化裂解活性一般係藉由己烷至較低沸點的C1至C5烴的重量百分率轉化來指明,而異構化活性係藉由異構化成己烷之重量百分率轉化指明。該“α值"大略指明與藉由共膠化獲得之具有10%氧化鋁、420 m2
/g之表面積、及在鹼性交換溶液中無陽離子之標準的非結晶型鋁矽酸鹽觸媒相比之該觸媒的催化裂解活性。該裂解活性以相對速率常數形式被獲得,亦即每單位體積之氧化物組成物每單位時間的正己烷轉化速率。此高活性鋁矽酸鹽觸媒具有被視為1之α值。該試驗之實驗條件包括將該觸媒加熱至538℃之固定溫度,且在該溫度下以可變動之流速使該己烷通過該固態觸媒上以獲得在10與10-3
秒之間的接觸時間。該試驗的粒子尺寸應小於30網目(mesh),較佳12至28網目。關於一些一般觸媒的α值是:沒有陽離子交換之ZSM-5(38)、及具有H+
交換(450)之ZSM-5;在鈣離子中交換之合成八面沸石(1.1)、及在H(NH4
)中交換之合成八面沸石(6,400)。
因此,本發明之觸媒和彼之形成方法能藉由很多特徵來進一步描述。例如,在任何具體例中,該第1族及/或第2族金屬在鋁矽酸鹽合成(結晶)期間被合併。並且,在任何具體例中,該第1族及/或第2族金屬水平係在合成該鋁矽酸鹽後藉由該洗滌水平來控制。如在此技術中已知的進行此控制,諸如透過洗滌以水沖洗在濾器上之該結晶固體,及/或形成漿料且傾析該溶解物(dissolvate),及任何其他已知措施,藉由更長或更短時間地且利用更多或更少體積之水或水溶液進行這些步驟。例如,在任何具體例中,該第1族及/或第2族金屬水平藉由在該鋁矽酸鹽合成後該第1族及/或第2族鹽在該洗液中之濃度來控制。
在任何具體例中,該第1族及/或第2族金屬係藉由在鋁矽酸鹽合成後直接或連續的離子交換來合併。
在任何具體例中,含第1族及/或第2族之觸媒組成物的α值小於25、或22、或20、或18、或16、或12、或10(在添加該第10族金屬之前,及/或在添加該第11族金屬之前)。
能催化非環狀烴(尤其是C4至C10烴)轉化成C4至C10環狀烴的大部分之任何類型的微孔結晶性金屬矽酸鹽在本文中是合宜的。在任何具體例中,在本文中描述之該微孔結晶性金屬矽酸鹽包含選自由下列所組成之群組的金屬矽酸鹽架構類型:MWW、MFI、LTL、MOR、BEA、TON、MTW、MTT、FER、MRE、MFS、MEL、DDR、EUO、及FAU。
在任何具體例中,該微孔結晶性金屬矽酸鹽是選自由下列所組成之群組的鋁矽酸鹽:沸石β、絲光沸石、八面沸石、沸石L、ZSM-5、ZSM-11、ZSM-30、ZSM-22、ZSM-23、ZSM-35、ZSM-48、ZSM-50、ZSM-57、ZSM-58、MCM-22系材料、及其組合。
在一或多個具體例中,該多孔結晶性金屬矽酸鹽是結晶性鋁矽酸鹽,其SiO2
/Al2
O3
的莫耳比是大於25、或大於50、或大於100、或大於400、或大於1,000、或在25至2,000、或在50至1,500、或在100至1,200、或在200至1000、或在300至1000、或在400至800之範圍中。
在整個本說明書和申請專利範圍中引用第1族、第2族、及第10和11族元素。在任何具體例中,該第1族鹼金屬係選自由下列所組成之群組:鋰、鈉、鉀、銣、銫、及其組合;且/或該第2族鹼土金屬係選自下列所組成之群組:鈹、鎂、鈣、鍶、鋇、及其組合。
在任何具體例中,該第10族金屬是鉑且鉑來源係選自由下列所組成之群組:硝酸鉑、氯鉑酸、二氯化鉑、鉑胺化合物、四胺鉑氫氧化物、及其組合。
在任何具體例中,該第11族金屬是銅且銅來源係選自由下列所組成之群組:硝酸銅、亞硝酸銅、乙酸銅、氫氧化銅、乙醯丙酮銅、碳酸銅、乳酸銅、硫酸銅、磷酸銅、氯化銅、及其組合;且/或該第11族金屬是銀;及/或銀來源係選自由下列所組成之群組:硝酸銀、亞硝酸銀、乙酸銀、氫氧化銀、乙醯丙酮銀、碳酸銀、乳酸銀、硫酸銀、磷酸銀、及其組合。
如所提及的,本發明之觸媒也可包含黏合劑。在任何具體例中,該黏合劑係選自矽石、氧化鈦、氧化鋯、鹼金屬矽酸鹽、第13族金屬矽酸鹽、碳化物、氮化物、磷酸鋁、鉬酸鋁、鋁酸鹽、表面鈍化的氧化鋁、及其組合。在任何具體例中,將該觸媒形成為擠出體形狀(圓柱形、分葉形、不對稱分葉形、螺旋分葉形)、噴霧乾燥的粒子、油滴粒子、混磨粒子(mulled particles)、球形粒子、及/或洗塗(wash coated)基材之一或多者;其中該基材可為擠出體、球形粒子、泡體、微晶及/或獨塊體。
本發明之觸媒對很多催化類型諸如非環狀烴(尤其是C4至C10烴)轉化成C4至C10環狀烴是有用的。在任何具體例中,本文中描述之觸媒係與非環狀C5組合以形成包括環戊二烯的環狀C5化合物。在任何具體例中,該非環狀C5轉化條件包括至少450℃至650℃之溫度,隨意之H2
輔進料對該非環狀C5原料之莫耳比率是在0.01至3之範圍中,隨意之輕烴輔進料對該非環狀C5原料的莫耳比率是在0.01至5之範圍中,該非環狀C5原料在該反應器入口之分壓是在3 psia至100 psia(21至689 kPa-a)範圍中,且該非環狀C5原料之每小時重量空間速度是在1 hr-1
至50 hr-1
範圍中。
在任何具體例中,該非環狀C5轉化係在選自下列多個反應器之一者內進行:輻射加熱管式反應器、對流加熱管式反應器、週期性再加熱固定床反應器、循環流體床反應器、輻射加熱流體床反應器、對流加熱流體床反應器、絕熱反應器及/或電熱反應器。
在任何具體例中,該觸媒是經週期性更生(rejuvenated)且/或再生。這是在與該觸媒之催化功能不同之槽中完成,或在與該觸媒之主要催化功能(諸如非環狀C5轉化成環狀C5化合物之轉化)相同之槽中完成。
因此,更生循環被有利地進行以製造具有恢復的或實質恢復的觸媒活性的經更生觸媒,此一般係藉由從該觸媒組成物移除至少一部分之該逐漸沉積之焦炭材料。較佳地,經更生之觸媒的活性恢復到在鈍化前該觸媒活性的至少50%,更佳地至少60%,更佳地至少80%。經更生之觸媒較佳也具有恢復的或實質恢復的觸媒選擇率,例如選擇率恢復到在鈍化前該觸媒之選擇率的至少50%,更佳地至少60%,更佳地至少80%。在本文中使用的,“逐漸沉積之焦炭"是指在轉化循環期間沉積在該觸媒上之焦炭的量。一般,當該觸媒組成物包含>1 wt%之逐漸沉積的焦炭,諸如>5 wt%之逐漸沉積的焦炭,或>10 wt%之逐漸沉積的焦炭時,利用更生循環。這在2017年5月2日提出之U.S.S.N. 62/500,795中更詳細被描述,其藉由引用方式被併入。
物件可由本文中描述之環狀C5化合物(或者與戊烯及/或戊二烯組合)所形成。在任何具體例中,該物件係衍生自該環狀C5化合物與含雙鍵之化合物的狄耳士-阿德爾(Diels-Alder)反應。在任何具體例中,該環狀C5化合物係選自由下列所組成之群組:環戊二烯、二環戊二烯、環戊烯、環戊烷、降莰烯、四環十二烯(tetracyclodocene)、經取代之降莰烯、環戊二烯之狄耳士-阿德爾反應衍生物、環烯烴共聚物、環烯烴聚合物、聚環戊烯、不飽和聚酯樹脂、烴樹脂膠黏劑、調和之環氧樹脂、聚二環戊二烯、降莰烯或經取代之降莰烯或二環戊二烯的複分解聚合物、及其組合。在任何具體例中,該物件係選自由下列所組成之群組:風機葉片、含有玻璃或碳纖維、經調和之黏合劑、亞乙基降莰烯、EPDM橡膠、醇、塑化劑、發泡劑、溶劑、辛烷強化劑、汽油、及其混合物的複合材料。
實例1:合成ZSM-5
具有22%固體之混合物係由52,800 g之DI水、3,600 g之50%NaOH溶液、156 g之43%鋁酸鈉溶液、4,380 g之100%正丙胺溶液、120 g之ZSM-5種晶、及19,140 g之UltrasilTM
矽石製備,在30加侖之桶容器中混合,然後在混合後填充於30加侖之高壓釜中。該混合物具有以下之莫耳組成(所測量之每一成分±5%或更低):
SiO2
/Al2
O3
470
H2
O/SiO2
10.73
OH/SiO2
0.16
Na/SiO2
0.16
n-PA/Si 0.25
將該混合物在210℉(99℃)下以150 rpm混合且反應48小時。所得反應漿料被排出且儲存在30加侖之桶容器中。沒有進行驟沸(flashing)以移除過多的正丙胺。然後該反應漿料被凝聚(flocced)、洗滌/過濾、且乾燥備用。所合成之材料的XRD圖案顯示ZSM-5拓樸的一般純相。所合成之材料的SEM顯示:該材料係由具有0.5至1.5微米之混合尺寸的不同晶體的混合物構成。所得之ZSM-5晶體具有0.57 wt%的Na含量(在校正%固體後為0.66wt%)及3.67之Na/Al比率。該沸石具有5至10之α值,及3至5之限制指數。
實例2:合成ZSM-5
具有22%固體之混合物係由8,800 g之DI水、600 g之50%NaOH溶液、26 g之43%鋁酸鈉溶液、730 g之100%正丙胺溶液、40 g之ZSM-5種晶、及3,190 g之Ultrasil矽石製備,在5加侖之桶容器中混合,然後在混合後填充於5加侖之高壓釜中。該混合物具有以下之莫耳組成(所測量之每一成分±5%或更低):
SiO2
/Al2
O3
470
H2
O/SiO2
10.73
OH/SiO2
0.16
Na/SiO2
0.16
n-PA/Si 0.25
將該混合物在230℉(110℃)下以350rpm混合且反應48小時。所得反應漿料被排出且儲存在5加侖之桶容器中。沒有進行驟沸以移除過多正丙胺。然後該反應漿料被凝聚、洗滌/過濾、且乾燥備用。所合成之材料的XRD圖案顯示ZSM-5拓樸的一般純相。所合成之材料的SEM顯示:該材料係由具有0.3微米尺寸的不同晶體的混合物構成。所得之ZSM-5晶體具有0.18 wt%的Na含量(在校正%固體後為0.2)及1.03之Na/Al比率。該沸石具有5至10之α值,及3至5之限制指數。
實例3:合成ZSM-5
將含有DI水、50%NaOH溶液、43%鋁酸鈉溶液、100%正丙胺溶液、ZSM-5種晶、及Ultrasil矽石之20%固體的混合物填充至高壓釜。該反應混合物具有以下之莫耳組成(所測量之每一成分±5%或更低):
SiO2
/Al2
O3
470
H2
O/SiO2
12.3
OH/SiO2
0.16
Na/SiO2
0.16
n-PA/Si 0.25
將該混合物在220℉(110℃)下以75rpm混合且反應約40小時。在結晶完成後,在該母液中之殘餘正丙胺係藉由在240℉驟沸而移除。然後將所得漿料轉移到傾析器以備凝聚和傾析。然後將該經凝聚之漿料過濾、洗滌及乾燥。所合成之材料的XRD圖案顯示ZSM-5拓樸的一般純相。所合成之材料的SEM顯示:該材料係由具有0.5微米尺寸的不同晶體的混合物構成。所得之ZSM-5晶體具有在校正%固體下約0.49 wt%的Na含量、約2.54之Na/Al(莫耳比率)、及1.84wt%之碳含量。該沸石具有5至10之α值,及3至5之限制指數。
實例4:浸漬Pt在ZSM-5上
將在實例1中製備之該ZSM-5晶體的樣本在氮氣中900℉下鍛燒9小時。然後該氣體環境在四次逐步提升中逐漸改變成1.1、2.1、4.2、及8.4%的氧。每一步驟之後接著保持30分鐘。將溫度提高至1000℉,將氧含量提高至16.8%,且將該材料保持在1000℉下6小時。該經浸漬之擠出體成為該觸媒。在冷卻後,藉由XRF測量之0.50 wt% Pt係經由使用硝酸四胺鉑的水溶液之初期潤濕浸漬來添加。該觸媒在121℃(250℉)之空氣中乾燥,然後在350℃(660℉)之空氣中鍛燒3小時。
實例5:浸漬Pt在ZSM-5上
將在實例2中製備之該ZSM-5晶體的樣本在氮氣中900℉下鍛燒9小時。然後該氣體環境在四次逐步提升中逐漸改變成1.1、2.1、4.2、及8.4%的氧。每一步驟之後接著保持30分鐘。將溫度提高至1000℉,將氧含量提高至16.8%,且將該材料保持在1000℉下6小時。該經浸漬之擠出體成為該觸媒。在冷卻後,藉由XRF測量之0.49 wt% Pt係藉由使用硝酸四胺鉑的水溶液之初期潤濕浸漬來添加。該觸媒在121℃(250℉)之空氣中乾燥,然後在350℃(660℉)之空氣中鍛燒3小時。
實例6:製備40:60之ZSM-5:SiO2
的擠出體
使用在實例3中製備之ZSM-5晶體的樣本以製備40 wt% ZSM-5:60 wt%矽石擠出體。將40重量分之沸石與60重量分之矽石混磨。該矽石由Ultrasil矽石及由Ludox HS-40等同地供應。添加足夠的水以製造58%固體之混磨的混合物。該材料被擠壓成1/20”圓柱體,然後在121℃(250℉)下乾燥過夜。在乾燥後,該擠出體係在650℃之空氣中鍛燒45分鐘。
實例7:製備低鈉之ZSM-5:SiO2
擠出體
將在實例6中製備之該擠出體的樣本與不同濃度之硝酸銨在室溫下交換1小時,接著以DI水洗滌,在121℃(250℉)下乾燥,然後在空氣中以538℃(1000℉)鍛燒1小時。使用ICP分析經鍛燒之樣本的鈉含量。表1摘述本文中之實例。
實例8:浸漬Pt在40:60之ZSM-5:SiO2
擠出體上
使用四胺鉑氫氧化物,以Pt浸漬在實例6和7中製備之擠出體樣本至以ZSM-5晶體重量計0.5% Pt的目標(以擠出體重量計0.2% Pt)。此經浸漬之擠出體成為該觸媒。在浸漬後,樣本在121℃(250℉)下乾燥,然後在475℃下鍛燒4小時。
實例9:轉化正戊烷
評估在實例4和5中製備之該觸媒樣本對正戊烷轉化成CPD的效能。該觸媒(0.25 g壓碎並過篩至20-40網目)與SiC(8g,40-60網目)物理性混合且裝填於0.28”ID及18”長之不鏽鋼反應器中。用石英絨(quartz wool)將該觸媒床固定住且該反應器之空隙空間被裝填金屬插置物。該反應器被裝載在該單元上且測試壓力以確保無滲漏。該觸媒在氦氣下(200 mL/min,3045 psig,250℃)乾燥1小時,然後在H2
下(200 mL/min,45 psig,500℃)還原4小時。然後試驗該觸媒對正戊烷、H2
、及平衡量之氦的進料(5.0 psia C5
H12
,1.0莫耳之H2
:C5
H12
,及45 psig之總進料)的效能。該觸媒起初在550℃下以WHSV=15 h-1
去邊角(de-edged)8小時,然後在575℃下以WHSV=30 h-1
試驗。
在流上15小時(在去邊角結束後7小時)測量之環狀C5產物(CPD、環戊烯及環戊烷)的平均產(C%)率對實例4(Na/Al=3.65)和實例5(Na/Al=1.03)的觸媒分別是32%和19%。
實例10:轉化正戊烷
評估在實例6和7中製備之該觸媒樣本對正戊烷轉化成CPD的效能。該觸媒(0.625 g壓碎並過篩至20-40網目)與高純度SiC(40-60網目)物理性混合且裝填於9 mm ID、13mm OD及19”長之石英反應器中。調整SiC之量以致該觸媒床全長是6 in。用石英絨將觸媒床固定住且該反應器空隙空間被裝填粗SiC粒子。該反應器被裝載在該單元上且測試壓力以確保無滲漏。該觸媒在氦氣下(145 mL/min,30 psig,250℃)乾燥1小時,然後在H2
下(270 mL/min,30 psig,500℃)還原4小時。然後試驗該觸媒對正戊烷、H2
、及平衡量之氦的進料(3.3 psia C5
H12
,1.0莫耳之H2
:C5
H12
,及30 psig之總進料)的效能。該觸媒在575℃下以正戊烷之WHSV=15 h-1
試驗。在流上16小時所測量之環狀C5產物(CPD、環戊烯及環戊烷)的平均產率係在表2中顯示。
可流化粒子
該沸石晶體諸如但不限於那些在以上討論者預期能形成為可流化粒子。此種材料能藉由使該鈉沸石晶體去黏聚而形成。然後該鈉沸石晶體能與基質材料混合,該基質材料能為無機材料(諸如矽石、氧化鋁、氧化鈦或氧化鋯)和黏土(諸如高嶺土和皂土)之混合物,以形成水性漿料。該基質能被解膠(peptized)。在該黏合劑中之氧化鋁的任何表面酸性透過添加鹼金屬、鹼土金屬或磷源至噴霧乾燥的漿料而得以最小化或控制。該漿料能諸如藉由噴霧乾燥而乾燥,然後鍛燒以形成例如具有小於200微米直徑的流體粉末。隨意地,該氧化鋁之酸性能藉由以鹼金屬或鹼土金屬來源的後處理諸如藉由浸漬得以控制。該可流化粒子然後能以所需金屬之來源(諸如鉑、鉑和銀或鉑和銅)處理,以形成含金屬之經調和的鈉ZSM-5。
在本文中使用的,對於該觸媒之“實質上由…所組成"意指該觸媒可包括少量之未指名的成分,但不包括任何其他成分,或由任何其他未指名之必要鍛燒步驟所製成,該必要鍛燒步驟會在分析有意義程度上(諸如成品或總速率之±1、2、或5 wt%)影響其將非環狀烷轉化成環狀烷的催化活性。
在本文中描述之所有文件均出於在其中允許此種施作之所有司法管轄區之目的,而在與本文沒有不一致的程度上藉由引用被併入本文中,包括任何優先權文件及/或試驗程序。從先前之一般說明和該等特定具體例中顯而易知的,雖然本發明之形式已經證明並描述,可以在不偏離本發明之精神和範圍下進行不同改良。
Claims (25)
- 一種觸媒,其包含(i)具有少於或等於12之限制指數(Constraint Index)的微孔結晶性鋁矽酸鹽,(ii)第1族鹼金屬或其化合物及/或第2族鹼土金屬或其化合物,(iii)第10族金屬或其化合物,及隨意地(iv)第11族金屬或其化合物;其中第1族及/或第2族金屬之總含量比率係為在該鋁矽酸鹽中每莫耳鋁至少1.5莫耳。
- 如請求項1之觸媒,其中該第1族/第2族之比率是至少1.6。
- 一種觸媒,其包含(i)具有少於或等於12之限制指數的微孔結晶性金屬矽酸鹽,(ii)第1族鹼金屬或其化合物及/或第2族鹼土金屬或其化合物,(iii)第10族金屬或其化合物,及隨意地(iv)第11族金屬或其化合物;其中第1族及/或第2族金屬在該觸媒中之總含量是在該金屬矽酸鹽中每莫耳矽石至少0.005莫耳。
- 如請求項3之觸媒,其中第1族及/或第2族金屬之總含量是每莫耳矽石至少0.006莫耳。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之觸媒,其中第1族及/或第2族金屬係在鋁矽酸鹽合成(結晶化)期間被併入。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之觸媒,其中第1族及/或第2族金屬水平係在合成該鋁矽酸鹽後藉由該洗滌水平控制。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之觸媒,其中第1族及/或第2族金屬水平係在合成該鋁矽酸鹽後藉由在該洗液中該第1族及/或第2族之鹽濃度而控制。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之觸媒,其中第1族及/或第2族金屬係在合成該鋁矽酸鹽後藉由直接或連續的離子交換而合併。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之觸媒,其中含第1族及/或第2族之該觸媒組成物具有少於25之α值(在添加該第10族金屬之前,及/或在添加該第11族金屬之前測得的)。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之觸媒,其中該微孔結晶性金屬矽酸鹽包含選自由下列所組成之群組的金屬矽酸鹽架構類型:MWW、MFI、LTL、MOR、BEA、TON、MTW、MTT、FER、MRE、MFS、MEL、DDR、EUO、及FAU。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之觸媒,其中該微孔結晶性金屬矽酸鹽是選自由下列所組成之群組的鋁矽酸鹽:沸石β、絲光沸石、八面沸石、沸石L、ZSM-5、ZSM-11、ZSM-30、ZSM-22、ZSM-23、ZSM-35、ZSM-48、ZSM-50、ZSM-57、ZSM-58、MCM-22系材料、及其組合。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之觸媒,其中該第1族鹼金屬係選自由下列所組成之群組:鋰、鈉、鉀、銣、銫、及其組合;且/或該第2族鹼土金屬係選自由下列所組成之群組:鈹、鎂、鈣、鍶、鋇、及其組合。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之觸媒,其中該第10族金屬是鉑且鉑來源係選自由下列所組成之群組:硝酸鉑、氯鉑酸、二氯化鉑、鉑胺化合物、四胺鉑氫氧化物、及其組合。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之觸媒,其中該第11族金屬是銅且銅來源係選自由下列所組成之群組:硝酸銅、亞硝酸銅、乙酸銅、氫氧化銅、乙醯丙酮銅、碳酸銅、乳酸銅、硫酸銅、磷酸銅、氯化銅、及其組合;且/或該第11族金屬是銀;及/或銀來源係選自由下列所組成之群組:硝酸銀、亞硝酸銀、乙酸銀、氫氧化銀、乙醯丙酮銀、碳酸銀、乳酸銀、硫酸銀、磷酸銀、及其組合。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之觸媒,其也包含黏合劑。
- 如請求項15之觸媒,其中該黏合劑係選自矽石、氧化鈦、氧化鋯、鹼金屬矽酸鹽、第13族金屬矽酸鹽、碳化物、氮化物、磷酸鋁、鉬酸鋁、鋁酸鹽、表面鈍化的氧化鋁、及其組合。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之觸媒,其中將該觸媒形成為擠出體形狀(圓柱形、分葉形、不對稱分葉形、螺旋分葉形)、噴霧乾燥的粒子、油滴粒子、混磨粒子(mulled particles)、球形粒子、及/或洗塗(wash coated)基材之一或多者;其中該基材可為擠出體、球形粒子、泡體、微晶及/或獨塊體。
- 如請求項17之觸媒,其中該觸媒具有至少0.1 wt%之第1族及/或第2族含量。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之觸媒,其中該觸媒係與非環狀C5組合以形成包括環戊二烯之環狀C5化合物。
- 如請求項19之方法,其中該非環狀C5轉化條件包括至少450℃至650℃之溫度,隨意之H2 輔進料對該非環狀C5原料之莫耳比率是在0.01至3之範圍中,隨意之輕烴輔進料對該非環狀C5原料之莫耳比率是在0.01至5之範圍中,在該反應器入口該非環狀C5原料具有在3 psia至100 psia(21至689 kPa-a)之範圍中的分壓,且該非環狀C5原料具有在1 hr-1 至50 hr-1 範圍中之每小時重量空間速率。
- 如請求項19之方法,其中該非環狀C5轉化在選自由下列所組成之多個反應器之一者內進行:輻射加熱管式反應器、對流加熱管式反應器、週期性再加熱固定床反應器、循環流體床反應器、輻射加熱流體床反應器、對流加熱流體床反應器、絕熱反應器及/或電熱反應器。
- 如請求項19之方法,其中該觸媒是經週期性更生(rejuvenated)且/或再生。
- 一種由請求項21中之環狀C5化合物所形成之物件,其中該物件係衍生自該環狀C5化合物與含雙鍵之化合物的狄耳士-阿德爾(Diels-Alder)反應。
- 如請求項23之物件,其中該環狀C5化合物係選自下列群組:環戊二烯、二環戊二烯、環戊烯、環戊烷、降莰烯、四環十二烯(tetracyclodocene)、經取代之降莰烯、環戊二烯之狄耳士-阿德爾反應衍生物、環烯烴共聚物、環烯烴聚合物、聚環戊烯、不飽和聚酯樹脂、烴樹脂膠黏劑、經調和之環氧樹脂、聚二環戊二烯、降莰烯或經取代之降莰烯或二環戊二烯的複分解聚合物、及其組合。
- 如請求項23之物件,其中該物件係選自下列群組:風機葉片、含有玻璃或碳纖維、經調和之黏合劑、亞乙基降莰烯、EPDM橡膠、醇、塑化劑、發泡劑、溶劑、辛烷強化劑、汽油、及其組合的複合材料。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201862752553P | 2018-10-30 | 2018-10-30 | |
US62/752,553 | 2018-10-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW202030020A true TW202030020A (zh) | 2020-08-16 |
TWI735977B TWI735977B (zh) | 2021-08-11 |
Family
ID=70461906
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW108137455A TWI735977B (zh) | 2018-10-30 | 2019-10-17 | 微孔分子篩觸媒之第1族金屬離子含量 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20210370276A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3873878A4 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2022513397A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20210068595A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN112996765A (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI735977B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2020091969A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2020091968A1 (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2020-05-07 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Calcination of microporous molecular sieve catalysts |
WO2024101384A1 (ja) * | 2022-11-09 | 2024-05-16 | 千代田化工建設株式会社 | ゼオライト複合触媒およびそれを用いた五員環構造を有する環式化合物の水素化分解方法 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4808295A (en) * | 1987-08-25 | 1989-02-28 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Two stage process for the production of a high benzene aromatic product |
WO1996007715A1 (en) * | 1994-09-08 | 1996-03-14 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Wax hydroisomerization process |
AU2003212993A1 (en) * | 2002-02-28 | 2003-09-16 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Catalyst compositions comprising molecular sieves, their preparation and use in conversion processes |
EP1742737A1 (en) * | 2004-04-20 | 2007-01-17 | Uop Llc | Catalyst for selective opening of cyclic paraffins and process for using the catalyst |
JP5072953B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-20 | 2012-11-14 | 三井化学株式会社 | ゼオライト成形触媒を用いる炭化水素の変換方法 |
US8993468B2 (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2015-03-31 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Catalyst for conversion of hydrocarbons, process of making and process of using thereof—Ge zeolites |
EP2220013A1 (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2010-08-25 | BP p.l.c. | Process for producing triptane |
WO2010006386A2 (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2010-01-21 | Universite Catholique De Louvain | Catalytic co2 methanation process |
CN101884935B (zh) * | 2009-05-13 | 2012-05-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 催化剂材料及其制备方法 |
US10118165B2 (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2018-11-06 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Catalyst compositions and use in heavy aromatics conversion processes |
US9856187B2 (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2018-01-02 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Process for conversion of acyclic C5 compounds to cyclic C5 compounds and catalyst composition for use therein |
CN108349838B (zh) * | 2015-11-04 | 2021-03-16 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | 将无环c5化合物转化为环状c5化合物的方法及用于其中的催化剂组合物 |
EP3371141B1 (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2021-03-17 | ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Production of cyclic c5 compounds |
-
2019
- 2019-10-10 KR KR1020217016476A patent/KR20210068595A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2019-10-10 EP EP19879034.7A patent/EP3873878A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-10-10 US US17/285,350 patent/US20210370276A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-10-10 CN CN201980072182.4A patent/CN112996765A/zh active Pending
- 2019-10-10 WO PCT/US2019/055544 patent/WO2020091969A1/en unknown
- 2019-10-10 JP JP2021548512A patent/JP2022513397A/ja active Pending
- 2019-10-17 TW TW108137455A patent/TWI735977B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN112996765A (zh) | 2021-06-18 |
KR20210068595A (ko) | 2021-06-09 |
EP3873878A4 (en) | 2022-08-03 |
US20210370276A1 (en) | 2021-12-02 |
TWI735977B (zh) | 2021-08-11 |
EP3873878A1 (en) | 2021-09-08 |
WO2020091969A1 (en) | 2020-05-07 |
JP2022513397A (ja) | 2022-02-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2955284C (en) | Apparatus and process for producing gasoline, olefins and aromatics from oxygenates | |
RU2470705C2 (ru) | Катализатор изомеризации ароматических углеводородов и способ его применения | |
JPS5940138B2 (ja) | オレフインの製造法 | |
TWI735977B (zh) | 微孔分子篩觸媒之第1族金屬離子含量 | |
KR101615462B1 (ko) | 탄화수소 전환을 위한 촉매 및 방법 | |
US8835705B2 (en) | Production of paraxylene | |
JP6733501B2 (ja) | 芳香族化合物製造触媒及び芳香族化合物の製造方法 | |
JP2023535309A (ja) | 改質usyゼオライト脱水素触媒によるパラフィン系ナフサの処理 | |
JP6404352B2 (ja) | 複合体触媒、複合体触媒の製造方法、低級オレフィンの製造方法および複合体触媒の再生方法 | |
US9433935B2 (en) | Synthesis of framework modified ZSM-48 crystals | |
CN113646081B (zh) | 中孔催化剂化合物及其用途 | |
JPH03504737A (ja) | C↓2〜c↓1↓2パラフィン系炭化水素を石油化学原料に転化する方法 | |
KR102678059B1 (ko) | 미세다공성 분자체 촉매의 하소 | |
Abrevaya | Cracking of naphtha range alkanes and naphthenes over zeolites | |
US10611705B2 (en) | Process for conversion of acyclic C5 compounds to cyclic C5 compounds and formulated catalyst compositions used therein | |
SG188173A1 (en) | Large crystal molecular sieves and their manufacture | |
KR20200128422A (ko) | 혼합 크실렌 및 고옥탄가 c9+ 방향족의 공생산 방법 | |
Flego et al. | High quality diesel by olefin oligomerisation: new tailored catalysts | |
WO2022186010A1 (ja) | 複合体触媒、複合体触媒の製造方法および低級オレフィンの製造方法 | |
CN116829682A (zh) | Ynu-5沸石、其制备方法和使用方法 | |
CZ306410B6 (cs) | Nízkoteplotní hydroizomerizace lehkých parafínů s použitím vysoce účinného katalyzátoru na bázi zeolitu |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |