TW202000309A - 用於從廢料中分離有機物和無機物的改進方法和裝置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一種用於從廢料中分離有機物和無機物的改進方法和裝置,具體目的是在生質氣體的生產作業或其他處理方法中分離有機成分,而自垃圾掩埋場中分離出有機物,都市固體廢物或源頭分離有機廢物等廢料將進行初次分離處理,以分離有機廢料成分與無機廢料成分。本裝置包含一用以接收不同來源的廢料的料斗,及一在一固定的篩筒中產生渦流效應而將固體污染物螺旋向上吹動並自頂部吹出,且將有機成分自底部移出而使無機物與有機物分離的直立式分離器。藉由此改進方法,能減少或消除堵塞及因堵塞所引起的作業停止時間,並提高分離作業的效率。
Description
本發明是有關於一種用於處理及分離廢料的改進方法和裝置,將例如都市固體廢物(Municipal solid waste,MSW)及含有源頭分離有機廢物(Source separated organics,SSO)的廚餘等廢料,在進行進階處理前,例如在厭氧消化槽中轉化為生質氣體而轉化為可再生燃料,或轉化為動物飼料添加劑、有機肥料或堆肥,以及自液體中去除輕質材料等,先執行額外的預處理。
都市固體廢物及廚餘的處理方式已成為一種全球性的問題,在新的法規中規定有機物須垃圾掩埋場中分離出來,或是完全禁止垃圾掩埋場及焚化爐中含有有機物。然而,有機廢料通常混合有包裝材料(塑膠包裝、木棧板的一部份,或長型纖維包裝材料)、無機廢棄物及其他無用廢料,而塑膠及纖維包裝材料會對於用以將有用的有機成分自其他廢料中分離的分離設備造成顯著的操作問題。
在以下的代表性專利文獻中描述了將有用的有機成分從都市固體廢物和廚餘中分離的現有技術:
GB2354720A(伊恩•霍頓,2001年4月4日)。
EP2006034B1(朱利亞諾•托尼內利,2006年)。
US20110146639A1(馬蒂奈戈•赫夫,2011年)。
US20160207806A1(歐德•歌洛特比佛斯波格、威廉•揚, 2016年)。
US6672461B2(米勒、勞倫斯,2016年)。
US3973735A(伊藤、加內奇,2004年)。
在這些代表性的專利文獻中,所描述的裝置都具有操作方面的重大缺點,藉由在以下內容中描述的新穎改進,可避免這些缺點。
本發明旨在提供一種用於在進行堆肥、厭氧消化器處理、營養轉換處理,或是在液體廢料或沖洗液中去除污染物或輕質材料前,自混合有機物及無機物的廢料或過期的預包裝食品中分離出有機物的改進裝置及方法。
1. 以鏈條針對所進入的廢料進行預處理,並切碎堵塞現有分離設備的塑膠包裝,且以鏈條來研磨積聚在篩網底部的纖維狀有機物。
2. 在一用以自廢料中分離出有用的有機成分的篩筒上開設有多個間隔緊密的正方形或矩形的篩孔,而不是常規式地使用圓形篩孔,此項改進顯著提高分離作業的效率和產量。
3. 相對於自中心排放,在該篩筒的頂部採用切向排放,此項改進減少了排出到分離設備的阻塞,並提高生產能力。
4. 在槳軸上採用速度調節,以適用於不同原料的分離作業。
5. 採用可現場更換的組合式篩板,以適用於不同原料的分離作業。
6. 採用可現場更換的槳葉。
本發明用於從廢料中分離有機物和無機物的改進方法和裝置,為一種針對生物廢料回收工業中所涉及的現有技術之技術改進,本實施例包含一用以接收一不同來源且污染有機的廢料1的料斗2,及一在一固定的篩筒7中產生渦流效應而將固體污染物(紙、塑膠和金屬)螺旋向上吹動並自頂部吹出,且使有機成分通過該篩筒7並自底部移出,而使無機物自有機物中分離出來的直立式分離器。本實施例能以一砂礫去除系統進行輔助,該砂礫去除系統能在該廢料1進入厭氧消化器前去除所有的沙子和砂礫。
本裝置的另一個應用為適用於清潔工業裝置中的稀釋廢料或沖洗水。
現有裝置的主要操作問題是:進入該篩筒7的該廢料1可能含有將纏繞在該直立式分離器的多個槳葉11和一槳軸10的軸附近的大型塑膠包裝膜,及/或長型纖維材料,並堵塞該現有的裝置,需要停止分離作業並以手動排除堵塞,極耗費人力和時間成本。本裝置的發明人發現,將至少二個鏈條8連接到該槳軸10的外表面鄰近該直立式分離器的一入口5處,即能防止這種類型的槳葉污垢及堵塞。該等鏈條8的長度應大於該等槳葉11的長度,而對於本發明來說,邊緣撕裂的大型塑膠包裝膜及/或長型纖維材料並不是必需的,因為該等鏈條8的主要功能是將這些大型材料向外拋出,使得大型材料不會纏繞在該等槳葉11上。因此,輕質材料將自渦流的外部位置開始向上運動,而不是在中心軸處。於是,本發明藉由在該槳軸10的底部增設該等鏈條8,解決了如長型纖維材料累積在過濾篩底部的現有分離技術的主要操作問題,位於本裝置底部的該等鏈條8可使大型塑膠包裝膜及/或長型纖維材料變得破碎,並使大型塑膠包裝膜及/或長型纖維材料能與其它有機物一起通過。
現有裝置的另一個問題是有機成分的分離效率,現有裝置的篩筒開設有多個圓形的篩孔,使得處理效率受到限制。本發明採用多個正方形或矩形的篩孔,就正方形的該等篩孔而言,明顯能提供比現有的圓形篩孔更大的開口面積,而所增加的面積將使有機成分的產量更大,或能使有機的該廢料1更容易地與其它廢棄物分離。以正方形或矩形的該等篩孔取代圓形篩孔將能增加液體的排出量,同時,具有位於垂直位置的縱向部分及適當寬度的矩形篩孔,可減少所分離的有機成分受到污染。
本發明的另一個及第三個新穎的改進,是將高度流動的該廢料1藉由增設一入口法蘭16輸送至該直立式分離器中,而非藉由二個螺旋輸送器3、4輸送,能將含有輕質懸浮固體鋁塊、塑膠等的沼渣、廢水及工業用水等送入該直立式分離器。
本裝置還具有在進行脫水前用以去除無機固體的區域。
由於進行反洗的需要,現有的過濾器在用於去除該廢料1中的固體時為間歇性地運作。而本發明中所描述的裝置之所以可成為連續式的過濾器,即是由於不需要進行反洗,並具有本來能存在於反洗式的過濾器中,但被過濾乾燥器移除的元件。
當該廢料1含有非常少量的包裝材料時,使用液位感測器將使液體能連續地流動,但固體將在該槳軸10未轉動時累積於該篩筒7內,並堵塞該篩筒7,且液位的升高將啟動一槳葉式混合器,使該槳葉式混合器能在運作幾分鐘後回到閒置狀態,並在液位再次升高時再次啟動。本裝置將可採用非常精細的過濾器,甚至可達微過濾等級,此將提高分離效率。
第四個新穎的改進是在固定的該篩筒7中採用多個可更換的篩板17(圖4),以改善含有源頭分離有機廢物的廚餘處理裝置的品質,並藉由針對處理過的廢棄物使用正確的該等篩孔,以及使用模組化且可更換的該等篩板17,能更有效地將有機物與其他廢棄物分離。目前已知根據不同種類的該廢料1需要採用不同型態的該等篩孔,以減少污染及/或增加產量,因此可優化生產過程、使產量最大化,以及去除其它裝置對進一步過濾的需求。
本發明的另一個目的是提供一種具有模組化元件的該篩筒7,即能拆卸一部分的該等篩板17以進行清潔、維護和更換,並能在不拆卸該直立式分離器的情況下改變該等篩板17的尺寸。
首先參閱圖4,為本發明較佳實施例的其中一個篩板17的示意圖。
關於本發明的該篩筒7,如果在操作期間希望能更改或替換其中一個篩板17,可很容易地藉由移除原有的該篩板17,並以另一個類似的篩板17替換原有的該篩板17而達成。藉由額外且模組化的該等篩板17,在該等篩板17可能損壞或引發更高的污染,以及/或降低產量時,移除其中一個篩板17並以另一個篩板17替換是相對簡單的。該篩筒7的結構為該等篩板17提供了簡單且便宜的結構,且不會犧牲過濾品質。
雖然本發明已選用較佳的實施例進行描述,但本發明的實施範圍並不以此為限,本領域技術人員理當可聯想到本發明具有多種等效的變化和修飾。
在現有技術中,更換該等篩板的尺寸需要先拆卸分離設備,因此減少了能進行分離作業的時間。
模組化結構還使得能根據在該篩筒7上的高度位置,及不同的頂部與底部間的間距,或由旋轉的該等槳葉11所產生的單一氣流間的不同,而選用不同的該等篩孔。
該等篩板17能以固定在該等篩孔外圍的螺栓或螺絲連接到該篩筒7上,使得該等篩板17能在不拆卸該直立式分離器的情況下進行更換,或者,該等篩板17可被插進一供該等篩板17滑動到位,並能使該等篩板17回復到原有位置的鉸接開槽傾斜支撐件中。然而,本領域技術人員理當可聯想到本發明具有多種等效的變化和修飾。
因此,即可快速地更換該等篩板17,並能增加產量(藉由更大的該等篩孔或以更精細的該等篩板17減少污染)。
然而,重要的是,該等篩板17具有足夠的強度來承受龍捲風效應所造成的風壓,以及重量較重的污染物(例如玻璃和金屬碎片)所造成的衝擊。
本發明的第五個新穎的改進是可現場替換的該等槳葉11,更具體地說,是該等槳葉11的設計。
特別是對於源頭分離有機廢物的分離而言,位在下側的該等槳葉11將有很大的磨損。焊接到該槳軸10上的可現場替換的該槳葉11A提供了不需要更換整個槳葉式混合器的優勢,不僅可降低維護成本,並延長能進行分離作業的時間,進一步提高有機物的產量。
該等槳葉11A揭示了悍達鋼(Hardox)或硬表面板附接在支撐板上的一種基本設計。
已知分別簡單連接多個安裝在該槳軸10上的支架的該等槳葉11A對該等支架施加了極大的壓力,使得該等支架分別向上或向下彎曲。
具強抗彎性的該等槳葉11B,其中一個例子為該等槳葉11B能吸收和分散施加到該等槳葉11B上的壓力,以提供該等支架額外的強度,該等槳葉11B可以由複合材料金屬,及/或覆蓋有碳化鎢或環氧樹脂等保護層的金屬所製成。為了將支撐件完美地定位在裂縫中(圖5),該等槳葉11B被設計為底部有雕刻且厚度足夠,而能避免該等支架受到磨損,同時能支撐該等支架,使該等支架的強度幾乎等同於直接焊接到該槳軸10上的強度。應用於混合的該廢料1時,該等槳葉11B可被用於該槳葉式混合器的整個長度上,但為了控制包裝的乾燥度和清潔度,可以考慮採用多個槳葉11C。
該等槳葉11C是可調整方向的槳葉11的其中一例,能以360度進行調整,有許多方法可以達成此種附加功能,所屬技術領域的具通常知識者能進行變化。其中一個例子為在該槳軸10的中心線上沿螺旋路徑開設多個圓形的踏板式開口,安裝在該支架上的螺栓被插進踏板式開口的軸,二個螺母可以將該支架鎖定到位,且該槳葉11C即能被安裝在直角位置。也可以採用一種機構,使得能在不打開該篩筒7的情況下調節該等槳葉11C,或者,可採用一種機構來進行遠端調整。
該等槳葉11的數量可根據實際應用而增加或減少,而該等槳葉11的尺寸及形狀也能根據實際應用進行調整。
該等槳葉11B建議安裝在用以輸入該廢料1的該篩筒7的底部,在包裝材料或塑膠自該廢料1中分離並開始沿軌跡向上移動後,以適當數量安裝的該等槳葉11C,藉由在該篩筒7中的不同高度上改變傾斜度,或增加額外的該等槳葉11來產生額外的擾動,因此可間歇性地加快或破壞包裝材料的向外流動,可產生在氣流中的額外擾動及/或停留時間,不僅具有額外的乾燥度,並能去除殘留的水分,更去除了更多包裝材料上的污染物,而能改善分離的品質。
不同尺寸的該等篩板17的組合可藉由該篩筒7的模組化設計而達成,且採用可進行360度調整的該等槳葉11C,使得能設置可進行乾濕分離的任何組合,並能提升生產效率和分離效率。
第六個新穎的改進,是採用一可調整速度的馬達12,能根據所處理的原料種類(源頭分離有機廢物、脫水食品、包裝蔬菜、肉類、罐頭或水果等),以不同的速度驅動該槳軸10。
1‧‧‧廢料
2‧‧‧料斗
3、4‧‧‧螺旋輸送器
5‧‧‧入口
6‧‧‧殼體
7‧‧‧篩筒
7a‧‧‧過濾區
8‧‧‧鏈條
10‧‧‧槳軸
11、11A、11B、11C‧‧‧槳葉
12‧‧‧馬達
13‧‧‧排放口
14‧‧‧排放方向
15‧‧‧出料口
16‧‧‧入口法蘭
17‧‧‧篩板
本發明之其他的特徵及功效,將於參照圖式的實施方式中清楚地呈現,其中:
圖1是一側視示意圖,說明一種用於從混合有機物及無機物的廢料或過期的預包裝食物中分離出有機物的裝置。該廢料1是被倒入一料斗2中,二個位於該料斗2底部的螺旋輸送器3、4以反向進行旋轉,以防止位在該料斗2內的該廢料1發生架橋現象。該螺旋輸送器4將破碎的該廢料1及相關的空氣流經由一入口5移入一直立式分離器的底部。
該直立式分離器包括一橫截面可以是圓柱形或矩形的殼體6、該篩筒7、一附帶有一馬達12且在內部旋轉的槳軸10,及一切向排放的排放口13。固定在該槳軸10外部的是至少二個由堅固的耐磨金屬或塑膠材料製成,且橫截面為正方形或以其它方式製造以提供鋒利邊緣便於切碎的鏈條8,及多個可現場更換的槳葉11。該等槳葉11可以是固定式的,也可以是可調整的,使其角度能根據分離作業的需要而變化,該等槳葉11的轉子速度能藉由調節滑輪或變頻器(VFD)來進行調整。
該廢料1經由該入口5或一入口法蘭16進入該直立式分離器的底部,並被快速旋轉的該等鏈條8進一步弄碎,再進入固定的該篩筒7內部,該廢料1可自側邊或沿切線方向經由該入口5或該入口法蘭16進入該直立式分離器。連接在內部旋轉的該槳軸10的該等槳葉11是以一定的角度傾斜,因此可作為推進器而將空氣和廢棄物固體的混合物螺旋向上推入該篩筒7及該槳軸10間的環狀空間內。向上的螺旋或渦旋相當於龍捲風或水龍捲的作動,藉由作用在固體顆粒上的離心力而徑向及切向地拋出廢棄物固體。體積較小及密度較大的有機成分可通過固定的該篩筒7,並在該篩筒7及該殼體6間的空間中沉降下來,再經由一出料口15排出以進行進一步處理。
體積較大且在空氣動力學上密度較小的殘餘廢棄物(塑膠薄膜和木片等),則繼續螺旋上升到該直立式分離器的頂部,殘餘廢棄物位在該直立式分離器的頂部時能根據其空氣動力速率而自由地排出,並以一排放方向14遠離該直立式分離器。
圖2是一示意圖,說明一篩筒(7)的多個正方形或矩形的過濾區(7a);
圖3是一側視示意圖,說明一種用於從混合有機物及無機物的廢料或過期的預包裝食物中分離出有機物的裝置,液狀的該廢料(1)是經由一入口法蘭(16)進入一直立式分離器的底部;
圖4是一示意圖,說明一可更換的篩板;及
圖5是一立體圖,說明多種可現場更換的槳葉。
1‧‧‧廢料
2‧‧‧料斗
3、4‧‧‧螺旋輸送器
5‧‧‧入口
6‧‧‧殼體
7‧‧‧篩筒
8‧‧‧鏈條
10‧‧‧槳軸
11、11A、11B、11C‧‧‧槳葉
12‧‧‧馬達
13‧‧‧排放口
14‧‧‧排放方向
15‧‧‧出料口
Claims (10)
- 一種用於從廢料中分離有機物和無機物的改進裝置,包含: 一料斗(2),用以接收不同來源且混合有機物及無機物的該廢料;及 一螺旋輸送器(4),用以供給原料給一直立式分離器,該直立式分離器藉由在一篩筒(7)內產生渦流效應而將無機物與有機物分離,藉由空氣將含有紙、塑膠及/或金屬的固體污染物螺旋向上吹動並自該直立式分離器的頂部吹出,且有機物是自該直立式分離器的底部移出,空氣動力是受到一在內部旋轉且外表面連接有多個用以產生龍捲風效應且傾斜的槳葉(11)的槳軸(10)影響,在原料入口的高度設有至少二連接旋轉的該槳軸(10)的鏈條(8)以避免塑膠包裝材料或長型纖維材料汙損該等槳葉,該等鏈條(8)的長度大於該等槳葉(11)的徑向尺寸,但小於該槳軸(10)與該篩筒(7)間的徑向距離。
- 一種用於從廢料中分離有機物和無機物的改進裝置,包含: 一料斗(2),用以接收不同來源且混合有機物及無機物的該廢料;及 一螺旋輸送器(4),用以供給原料給一直立式分離器,該直立式分離器藉由在一篩筒(7)內產生渦流效應而將無機物與有機物分離,藉由空氣將含有紙、塑膠及/或金屬的固體污染物螺旋向上吹動並自該直立式分離器的頂部吹出,且有機物是自該直立式分離器的底部移出,空氣動力是受到一在內部旋轉且支架上以螺栓固定有多個傾斜且可現場替換槳葉(11)的槳軸(10)影響。
- 一種用於從廢料中分離有機物和無機物的改進裝置,包含: 一料斗(2),用以接收不同來源且混合有機物及無機物的該廢料;及 一螺旋輸送器(4),用以供給原料給一直立式分離器,該直立式分離器藉由在一篩筒(7)內產生渦流效應而將無機物與有機物分離,藉由空氣將含有紙、塑膠及/或金屬的固體污染物螺旋向上吹動並自該直立式分離器的頂部吹出,而將有機物自該直立式分離器的底部移出,空氣動力是受到一在內部旋轉且外表面連接有多個用以產生龍捲風效應且傾斜的槳葉(11)的槳軸(10)影響,該篩筒(7)形成有多個正方形或矩形的篩孔。
- 一種用於從廢料中分離有機物和無機物的改進裝置,包含: 一料斗(2),用以接收不同來源且混合有機物及無機物的該廢料;及 一螺旋輸送器(4),用以供給原料給一直立式分離器,該直立式分離器藉由在一篩筒(7)內產生渦流效應而將無機物與有機物分離,藉由空氣將含有紙、塑膠及/或金屬的固體污染物螺旋向上吹動並自該直立式分離器的頂部吹出,而將有機物自該直立式分離器的底部移出,空氣動力是受到一在內部旋轉且外表面連接有多個用以產生龍捲風效應且傾斜的槳葉(11)的槳軸(10)影響,該篩筒由多個可單獨更換的篩板組成,該等篩板形成有多個圓形、橢圓形、菱形、開槽形、六邊形、正方形、矩形或其它形狀的篩孔,在連續的分離作業中採用相同或不同篩孔尺寸的該等篩板是取決於所使用的原料。
- 一種以請求項2所述的裝置執行的用於從廢料中分離有機物和無機物的改進方法,其中,該廢料含有紙、塑膠及/或金屬的固體污染物,且該廢料可選地含有液體,該廢料以一入口法蘭作為入口,且沒有該料斗。
- 如請求項2所述的用於從廢料中分離有機物和無機物的改進裝置,其中,所有的槳葉或多個槳葉能夠進行360度旋轉,以便改變及控制在該直立式分離器內的渦流中的氣流。
- 如請求項4所述的用於從廢料中分離有機物和無機物的改進裝置,其中,每一篩板是以螺栓固定在該篩筒上。
- 如請求項4所述的用於從廢料中分離有機物和無機物的改進裝置,其中,每一篩板是被放入在一開槽的支撐架中,且可藉由在該支撐架中滑動而替換該等篩板。
- 如請求項1至4任一項所述的用於從廢料中分離有機物和無機物的改進裝置,其中,該槳軸的旋轉速度是可調整的,以適用於不同種類的原料。
- 如請求項1或2所述的用於從廢料中分離有機物和無機物的改進裝置,其中,該等鏈條(8)是由堅固的耐磨金屬或塑料材料所製成,該金屬或塑料材料是選自於由金屬、塑膠、碳鋼鏈、不鏽鋼鏈、以凱芙拉(Kevlar)包覆及連接的金屬重物,及此等的組合所組成的群體,且橫截面為正方形或以其它方式製造以提供鋒利邊緣便於切碎聚集在該篩筒底部的纖維材料。
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US20180369828A1 (en) | 2017-06-22 | 2018-12-27 | Marc Vanderbeken | Method and Apparatus for separating organics from a contaminated organics-inorganics waste stream |
CN109821740A (zh) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-05-31 | 浙江新时代中能循环科技有限公司 | 一种废旧锂电池碎片风力分离设备 |
IT202000014704A1 (it) * | 2020-06-19 | 2021-12-19 | A Vi M A R S R L | Macchinario ad aria di smistamento di rifiuti |
CN113455680B (zh) * | 2021-05-26 | 2023-01-17 | 河南广安生物科技股份有限公司 | 一种高效饲料生产线 |
IT202100031430A1 (it) * | 2021-12-15 | 2023-06-15 | Tecnofer Ecoimpianti S R L | Apparecchiatura per lo sconfezionamento di prodotti imballati |
CN114769291B (zh) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-11-04 | 杭州未名信科科技有限公司 | 一种光伏组件回收方法和系统 |
CN115847610B (zh) * | 2022-10-12 | 2023-07-11 | 中建材科创新技术研究院(山东)有限公司 | 一种高温窑炉用气凝胶保温砂浆制备设备及其方法 |
CN115999738B (zh) * | 2023-03-28 | 2023-09-29 | 山东中医药大学附属医院 | 一种皮肤用药物研究实验室设备 |
CN116511040B (zh) * | 2023-06-30 | 2023-09-08 | 泸州聚购科技发展有限公司 | 一种钛酸钡钡盐原料细粉分离装置 |
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CA3104945C (en) | 2022-08-16 |
AU2018428823B2 (en) | 2022-02-03 |
NZ771666A (en) | 2022-01-28 |
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