TW201936982A - 在半導體晶圓的正面上沉積磊晶層的方法及實施該方法的設備 - Google Patents

在半導體晶圓的正面上沉積磊晶層的方法及實施該方法的設備 Download PDF

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TW201936982A
TW201936982A TW107142039A TW107142039A TW201936982A TW 201936982 A TW201936982 A TW 201936982A TW 107142039 A TW107142039 A TW 107142039A TW 107142039 A TW107142039 A TW 107142039A TW 201936982 A TW201936982 A TW 201936982A
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epitaxial layer
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約格 哈布里奇
瑞內 史坦因
史戴分 海音李奇
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德商世創電子材料公司
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Abstract

一種在由單晶材料組成的半導體晶圓的正面上沉積磊晶層的方法及設備。該方法包含: 提供半導體晶圓; 將半導體晶圓佈置在基座上; 利用朝向半導體晶圓之正面及背面的熱輻射將半導體晶圓加熱至沉積溫度; 引導沉積氣體經過半導體晶圓的正面;及 針對性地減小朝向半導體晶圓背面的熱輻射分量的強度,從而較弱地加熱在半導體晶圓的邊緣處的第一部分區域,其中在第一部分區域中磊晶層的生長速度在均一的半導體晶圓溫度下由於單晶材料的取向係大於相鄰的第二部分區域中的生長速度。

Description

在半導體晶圓的正面上沉積磊晶層的方法及實施該方法的設備
本發明係關於一種在由單晶材料組成的半導體晶圓的正面上沉積磊晶層的方法,在此過程中將所提供的半導體晶圓佈置在基座上,並利用熱輻射加熱至沉積溫度,並引導沉積氣體經過半導體晶圓的正面。此外,本發明還關於一種在由單晶材料組成的半導體晶圓的正面上沉積磊晶層的設備。
通常利用CVD(化學氣相沉積)在CVD反應器中(通常在單晶圓反應器中)在半導體晶圓的正面上沉積磊晶層。例如US 2014/0 251 208 A1所述,其中描述了此類CVD反應器。單晶圓反應器在上蓋與下蓋(圓蓋(dome))之間提供反應腔,在該反應腔中基座由基座支撐軸的基座支撐臂保持在基座支撐銷(supporting pin)上。基座及放置在其上的半導體晶圓係透過佈置在蓋上方及下方的燈陣(lamp array)利用熱輻射進行加熱,同時引導沉積氣體經過半導體晶圓的朝向上蓋的正面。
在US 2008/0118712 A1中描述了一種基座,其包含基座環及基座底部。基座環具有用於在半導體晶圓的背面的邊緣區域中放置半導體晶圓的凸緣(ledge)。為了在半導體晶圓的正面上沉積層,將基座環放置在基座底部上。
在US 2007/0227441 A1中指出在經磊晶塗覆的由矽組成的半導體晶圓的邊緣區域中厚度的週期性波動(fluctuation)。原因係生長磊晶層的生長速度不同。不同的生長速度與半導體晶圓正面的晶體取向相關。半導體晶圓的正面係在半導體晶圓上沉積磊晶層的面。為了使邊緣區域中的磊晶層的厚度均勻化,在US 2007/0227441 A1中提出依厚度波動的週期改變基座的結構。
出於相同目的,在US 2015/0184314 A1中提出限制半導體晶圓的邊緣區域的寬度。
所述提議係需要修改所用的基座或半導體晶圓的邊緣區域的形狀。
本發明之目的在於改善具有沉積的磊晶層的半導體晶圓在邊緣區域中的平坦度,不必為此改變基座或半導體晶圓的邊緣區域的形狀。
所述目的係透過一種在由單晶材料組成的半導體晶圓的正面上沉積磊晶層的方法實現,其包含: 提供半導體晶圓; 將半導體晶圓佈置在基座上; 利用朝向半導體晶圓之正面及背面的熱輻射將半導體晶圓加熱至沉積溫度; 引導沉積氣體經過半導體晶圓的正面;及 針對性地減小朝向半導體晶圓背面的熱輻射分量的強度,從而較弱地加熱在半導體晶圓的邊緣處的第一部分區域,其中在第一部分區域中磊晶層的生長速度在均一的半導體晶圓溫度下由於單晶材料的取向係大於相鄰的第二部分區域中的生長速度。
此外,本發明還關於一種在由單晶材料組成的半導體晶圓的正面上沉積磊晶層的設備,其包含: 基座; 用於保持和旋轉具有基座支撐軸及基座支撐臂的基座的裝置;及 環,該環由基座支撐臂加以保持並且具有朝向內的突出部,突出部針對性地減小穿過突出部的熱輻射的強度,從而較弱地加熱放置在基座上的半導體晶圓的邊緣處的第一部分區域,其中在第一部分區域中磊晶層的生長速度在均一的半導體晶圓溫度下由於單晶材料的取向係大於相鄰的第二部分區域中的生長速度。
包含該半導體晶圓表面之半導體晶圓或至少其中一部分係單晶,且較佳由矽、鍺或由該等元素的混合物組成。半導體晶圓可完全由上述之一種材料組成。然而,亦可為SOI晶圓(silicon on insulator,絕緣體上矽)、接合半導體晶圓(bonded semiconductor wafer)、或經塗覆有一或多個磊晶層的基板晶圓。磊晶層較佳由矽、鍺或由該等元素的混合物組成,且視需要包含電活性摻雜劑。
可以自根據FZ法(浮區)或根據CZ法結晶的單晶切割出半導體晶圓。CZ法包含將種晶浸入在坩堝中的熔體中,並自熔體提升種晶及在其上結晶的單晶。
半導體晶圓具有至少200毫米、較佳至少300毫米的直徑。該半導體晶圓的正面較佳為<100>取向或<110>取向。
在正面為<100>取向的情況下,可將半導體晶圓的正面的邊緣區域劃分成各四個相互交替的第一和第二部分區域。在該四個第一部分區域中磊晶層的生長速度大於在邊緣區域的四個第二部分區域中的生長速度。第一部分區域的中心各自具有相對於半導體晶圓之圓周的角位置θ。若取向凹口(notch)表示垂直於半導體晶圓正面<100>取向的<110>方向,且若將270°的角位置θ指定予該方向,則四個第一部分區域的中心分別具有0°、90°、180°及270°的角位置θ,對應於垂直於半導體晶圓正面<100>取向的<110>方向的角位置。
在正面為<110>取向的情況下,可將半導體晶圓的正面的邊緣區域劃分成各二個相互交替的部分區域。在該二個第一部分區域中在半導體晶圓的正面上磊晶層的生長速度大於在邊緣區域的二個第二部分區域中的生長速度。若取向凹口表示垂直於半導體晶圓正面<110>取向的<110>方向,且若將270°的角位置θ指定予該方向,則二個第一部分區域的中心分別具有90°及270°的角位置θ,對應於垂直於半導體晶圓正面<110>取向的<110>方向的角位置。
在半導體晶圓的正面上沉積磊晶層期間,半導體晶圓係位於基座的凸緣上。基座可一體式構成或較佳由基座環及基座底部組成。半導體晶圓係以具有取向的方式放置在基座上,亦即,其取向凹口在基座的凸緣上具有特定的位置。半導體晶圓係以如下方式位於基座上:相較於第二部分區域較不強烈地加熱在半導體晶圓的邊緣處的第一部分區域。溫度越高,則磊晶層的生長速度越大,因此在第一部分區域中低於在第二部分區域中。然而,生長速度不僅取決於溫度,還取決於晶格取向。此外,因為在第一部分區域中磊晶層的生長速度由於晶格取向係大於第二部分區域中的生長速度,整體上實現了在第一及第二部分區域中磊晶層生長速度的相互匹配。換言之,在半導體晶圓的邊緣區域中在半導體晶圓正面上沉積的磊晶層厚度變得更加均勻,此可藉由諸如描述在邊緣區域中經塗覆或未經塗覆的半導體晶圓的平坦度的ESFQR等特徵參數清楚地得知。
根據本發明,較不強烈地加熱第一部分區域,此係因為針對性地減小朝向半導體晶圓背面的熱輻射分量的強度,具體而言係重要地貢獻半導體晶圓第一部分區域之加熱的熱輻射分量。為此目的,環的朝向內的突出部位於熱輻射的射束路徑(beam path)上。該突出部完全或部分地由在光譜的IR範圍內具有低透射率的材料組成,較佳由不透明的石英玻璃組成。基於10毫米的材料厚度,在上述範圍內透射率較佳為不大於20%,特別佳為不大於5%。突出部的厚度較佳為不小於5毫米且不大於10毫米。突出部各自具有在圓周方向上不小於15°且不大於25°、較佳20°的寬度。突出部由環的內圓周沿徑向向內延伸至較佳不小於20毫米且不大於30毫米的長度。一部分上述的熱輻射分量係被防止穿過該突出部。此遮蔽效應足以實現在第一部分區域中以所期望的方式較不強烈地加熱半導體晶圓。合適的由不透明石英玻璃組成的材料例如由Heraeus提供的商品名稱為OM® 100的材料。
具有朝向內的突出部的環較佳被構成為可被插入市售傳統的用於塗覆單個半導體晶圓的CVD反應器中,而不必預先在結構上改變該反應器。在根據本發明的設備中,環由CVD反應器的基座支撐臂加以保持,且為此目的係具有可插入基座支撐銷的穿孔。根據本發明的設備與已知實施態樣的CVD反應器之間的差異因此在於:該環係額外地佈置在基座下方,具體而言,環的突出部與放置在基座上的半導體晶圓的邊緣處第一部分區域彼此佔據相對位置,使得能夠產生上述的遮蔽效應。在插入基座支撐銷之後,突出部的位置被固定,必須由第一結晶區域佔據的位置亦被固定,因為這是根據幾何光學定律得出的。在此意義上該半導體晶圓係以特定的方式放置在基座上。
下面參照附圖進一步闡述本發明。
根據第1圖的佈置方式包含基座底部3及具有凸緣4的基座環2。可將半導體晶圓5放置在半導體晶圓背面的邊緣區域中的凸緣4上。基座底部3及基座環2構成二件式基座1。這對本發明而言是不重要的。根據本發明亦可使用一體式基座。
基座底部3較佳由石墨氈組成、或由塗覆有碳化矽的石墨氈組成、或由塗覆有碳化矽的石墨組成、或由碳化矽組成;基座環2較佳由碳化矽組成、或由塗覆有碳化矽的其他材料組成。該其他材料較佳為石墨或矽。基座環2具有內徑及外徑。與半導體晶圓5的直徑相比,該內徑係更小,該外徑係更大。基座環2的凸緣4由基座環2的內邊緣延伸至增加基座環2的高度的臺階。凸緣4較佳具有由該臺階向內降低的形狀。
第2圖所示為具有取向凹口6的半導體晶圓5。該半導體晶圓5具有<100>取向。取向凹口6標記四個<110>晶向之一,其中該等晶向圍繞半導體晶圓的圓周以90°的距離分佈,指示出在半導體晶圓的邊緣區域中在其上以較高速度生長磊晶層的晶面。虛線箭頭因此指向第一部分區域的中心,其中在第一部分區域中磊晶層的生長速度在均一的半導體晶圓溫度下由於單晶材料的取向係大於相鄰的第二部分區域中的生長速度。在取向凹口的角位置在270°時,第一部分區域的中心具有0°、90°、180°及270°的角位置。
第3圖所示為具有<110>取向的半導體晶圓5的取向特徵。取向凹口6標記二個<110>晶向之一,其中該等晶向圍繞半導體晶圓的圓周以180°的距離分佈,指示出在半導體晶圓的邊緣區域中在其上以較高速度生長磊晶層的晶面。虛線箭頭因此指向第一部分區域的中心,其中在第一部分區域中磊晶層的生長速度在均一的半導體晶圓溫度下由於單晶材料的取向係大於相鄰的第二部分區域中的生長速度。在取向凹口的角位置在270°時,第一部分區域的中心具有90°及270°的角位置。
根據本發明的設備(第4圖)除基座1外還包含用於保持及旋轉具有基座支撐軸7與基座支撐臂8的基座1的裝置。此外,用於保持及旋轉基座1的裝置可包含晶圓抬升軸12及晶圓抬升銷13。該設備的基本特徵在於環9由基座支撐臂8加以保持,且佈置於基座1下方,不與基座1直接接觸。環9由基座支撐臂8加以保持使其不可沿著其圓周方向移動。基座支撐銷10較佳位於基座支撐臂8上,該銷係插入通過環9的穿孔11。環9的上表面與基座1的下表面之間的距離較佳不小於5毫米且不大於10毫米。環9的突出部14的內邊緣17(第5圖、第6圖及第7圖)較佳位於距環9的中心Z不小於140毫米、較佳不小於145毫米、特別佳148 毫米至150毫米的徑向位置。
第5圖在俯視圖中顯示環9,其在所示的實施態樣中具有穿孔11及在圓周上以90°的距離分佈的方式佈置的四個朝向內的突出部14。該實施態樣適合在根據第4圖的設備中使用,使得其中在具有<100>取向的半導體晶圓的正面上根據本發明沉積磊晶層。環9較佳由石英玻璃組成,該突出部14由在光譜的IR範圍內具有低透射率的材料組成。基於10毫米的材料厚度,在該範圍內突出部14的透射率較佳為不大於20%,特別佳為不大於5%。突出部14較佳由不透明的石英玻璃組成。
第6圖在俯視圖中顯示環9,其在所示的實施態樣中具有穿孔11及在圓周上以180°的距離分佈的方式佈置的二個朝向內的突出部14。該實施態樣適合在根據第4圖的設備中使用,使得其中在具有<110>取向的半導體晶圓的正面上根據本發明沉積磊晶層。環9較佳由石英玻璃組成,該突出部14由在光譜的IR範圍內具有低透射率的材料組成。基於10毫米的材料厚度,在該範圍內突出部14的透射率較佳為不大於20%,特別佳為不大於5%。突出部14較佳由不透明的石英玻璃組成。
第7圖在俯視圖中顯示環9,其在所示的實施態樣中具有穿孔11及在圓周上以90°的距離分佈的方式佈置的四個朝向內的突出部14。該實施態樣適合在根據第4圖的設備中使用,始得其中在具有<100>取向的半導體晶圓的正面上根據本發明沉積磊晶層。突出部14在所示的實施態樣中為T形,且各自包含徑向長度較佳不小於8毫米且不大於18毫米的腹板(web)15及環區段16。環區段16具有徑向長度及在圓周方向上的寬度。環區段16的徑向長度較佳為不小於1.5 毫米且不大於8毫米,特別佳為不小於3毫米且不大於8毫米。表示為孔徑角α的寬度較佳為不小於15°且不大於25°,特別佳為20°。環9及腹板15較佳由石英玻璃組成,環區段由在光譜的IR範圍內具有低透射率的材料組成。基於10毫米的材料厚度,在該範圍內環區段16的透射率較佳為不大於20%,特別佳為不大於5%。環區段16較佳由不透明的石英玻璃組成。 根據本發明的實施例的描述
將具有300毫米直徑及正面為<100>取向的由單晶矽組成的半導體晶圓在單晶圓反應器中塗覆由矽組成的磊晶層。一部分的半導體晶圓(比較例)係在根據第4圖的設備中位於根據第1圖的基座上進行塗覆,但沒有提供環9。另一部分的半導體晶圓(實施例)以相同方式進行塗覆,但根據第5圖的實施態樣在存在環9的情況下進行,該環係根據第4圖進行佈置。以如下方式選擇半導體晶圓與環的相對位置:使得熱輻射的強度在穿過環的突出部時變弱,並由此針對性地減小在半導體晶圓的第一部分區域中磊晶層的生長速度。隨後在各情況下各自確定經塗覆的半導體晶圓在距邊緣1毫米處的厚度與相應的半導體晶圓的平均厚度之厚度差。與以傳統方式製得的半導體晶圓(第8圖)相比,該差值在根據本發明製得的半導體晶圓(第9圖)的情況下明顯更小。
以上描述的例示性實施態樣應當理解為舉例說明。由此揭露的內容一方面能夠使熟習此項技術者理解本發明及與其相關的優點,另一方面涵蓋了熟習此項技術者所可理解的針對所述結構及方法的明顯改變及修改。因此,所有這些改變及修改及其均等範圍應當被申請專利範圍的保護範圍所涵蓋。
1‧‧‧基座
2‧‧‧基座環
3‧‧‧基座底部
4‧‧‧凸緣
5‧‧‧半導體晶圓
6‧‧‧取向凹口
7‧‧‧基座支撐軸
8‧‧‧基座支撐臂
9‧‧‧環
10‧‧‧基座支撐銷
11‧‧‧穿孔
12‧‧‧晶圓抬升軸
13‧‧‧晶圓抬升銷
14‧‧‧突出部
15‧‧‧腹板
16‧‧‧環區段
17‧‧‧突出部的內邊緣
第1圖是代表先前技術的圖,其顯示基座底部、基座環及半導體晶圓的相對佈置方式。
第2圖在俯視圖中顯示具有<100>取向的半導體晶圓,第3圖顯示具有<110>取向的半導體晶圓。
第4圖在剖視圖中顯示根據本發明的設備。
第5圖、第6圖及第7圖各自在俯視圖中顯示一為根據本發明設備之特徵的環。
第8圖及第9圖各自顯示作為圓周位置CP的函數,經磊晶塗覆的半導體晶圓在距半導體晶圓邊緣1毫米處的厚度與經塗覆的半導體晶圓的平均厚度之厚度差(Diff),其中磊晶層係以傳統方式(第8圖)或以根據本發明的方式(第9圖)沉積。

Claims (7)

  1. 一種在由單晶材料組成的半導體晶圓的正面上沉積磊晶層的方法,其包含: 提供半導體晶圓; 將半導體晶圓佈置在基座上; 利用朝向半導體晶圓之正面及背面的熱輻射將半導體晶圓加熱至沉積溫度; 引導沉積氣體經過半導體晶圓的正面;及 針對性地減小朝向半導體晶圓背面的熱輻射分量的強度,從而較弱地加熱在半導體晶圓的邊緣處的第一部分區域,其中在第一部分區域中磊晶層的生長速度在均一的半導體晶圓溫度下由於單晶材料的取向係大於相鄰的第二部分區域中的生長速度。
  2. 如請求項1所述的方法,其中係透過在熱輻射的射束路徑(beam path)上佈置一在光譜的IR範圍內具有低透射率的材料,從而針對性地減小熱輻射分量的強度。
  3. 一種用於在由單晶材料組成的半導體晶圓的正面上沉積磊晶層的設備,其包含: 基座; 用於保持和旋轉具有基座支撐軸及基座支撐臂的該基座的裝置;及 環,該環由基座支撐臂加以保持並且具有朝向內的突出部,突出部針對性地減小穿過突出部的熱輻射的強度,從而較弱地加熱放置在基座上的半導體晶圓的邊緣處的第一部分區域,其中在第一部分區域中磊晶層的生長速度在均一的半導體晶圓溫度下由於單晶材料的取向係大於相鄰的第二部分區域中的生長速度。
  4. 如請求項3所述的設備,其中該環由石英玻璃組成。
  5. 如請求項3或4所述的設備,其中突出部各自包含腹板(web)及環區段,其中該環區段由在光譜的IR範圍內具有低透射率的材料組成,並且具有在圓周方向上表示為孔徑角α的不小於15°且不大於25°的寬度。
  6. 如請求項3或4所述的設備,其中該環包含四個與相鄰突出部距離為90°的突出部。
  7. 如請求項3或4所述的設備,其中該環包含二個與相鄰突出部距離為180°的突出部。
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