TW201912814A - 合金基複合材料的製備方法 - Google Patents

合金基複合材料的製備方法 Download PDF

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TW201912814A
TW201912814A TW106132949A TW106132949A TW201912814A TW 201912814 A TW201912814 A TW 201912814A TW 106132949 A TW106132949 A TW 106132949A TW 106132949 A TW106132949 A TW 106132949A TW 201912814 A TW201912814 A TW 201912814A
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composite material
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熊倫喬
李文珍
朱琳
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鴻海精密工業股份有限公司
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Abstract

本發明涉及一種合金基複合材料的製備方法,包括以下步驟:提供一金屬基複合材料,該金屬基複合材料包括一金屬相和一增強相;在所述金屬基複合材料的表面設置一合金元素層,形成第一複合結構;對所述第一複合結構進行軋製;對軋製後的第一複合結構進行多次折疊-軋製,形成第二複合結構;對所述第二複合結構進行退火,得到合金基複合材料。

Description

合金基複合材料的製備方法
本發明涉及一種合金基複合材料的製備方法。
隨著機械、電工電子、航空航天等領域的不斷發展,合金作為一類重要的具備多種多樣的力學、電學、化學與加工性能的結構與功能材料,在相關領域的研究和應用上受到了廣泛的關注。
先前,製備合金基複合材料主要採用粉末冶金法,即將增強相粉末加入合金基體粉末,再通過壓制和燒結形成合金基複合材料。根據對性能的實際需求,可以有針對性地選擇增強相的種類及加入量,以此製備出的合金基複合材料為合金的研究與發展帶來了更多的機遇與可能,進一步豐富和完善了合金的性能與應用範圍。
然而,在採用粉末冶金法製備的過程中,高溫燒結容易導致增強相與合金基體間介面產物的生成,使合金基複合材料的性能發生惡化,甚至限制了增強相的種類,使不耐高溫的增強相無法得到應用;同時,製備形成的合金基複合材料中存在孔洞,降低了合金基複合材料的強度和韌性。
有鑑於此,確有必要提供一種能夠提高強度和韌性且同時拓寬增強相可用種類的合金基複合材料的製備方法。
一種合金基複合材料的製備方法,包括以下步驟:提供一金屬基複合材料,該金屬基複合材料包括一金屬相和一增強相;在所述金屬基複合材料的表面設置一合金元素層,形成第一複合結構;對所述第一複合結構進行軋製;對軋製後的第一複合結構進行多次折疊-軋製,形成第二複合結構;對所述第二複合結構進行退火,得到合金基複合材料。
與先前技術相比較,本發明提供的合金基複合材料的製備方法,通過累積軋製和退火製備合金基複合材料,製備過程中退火所需的溫度不高,避免了增強相與合金基體間介面產物的生成,拓寬了增強相的可用種類;同時使製備得到的合金基複合材料幾乎沒有孔洞,緻密度高,提高了合金基複合材料的塑性和韌性。
下面根據說明書圖式並結合具體實施例對本發明的技術方案進一步詳細表述。
一種合金基複合材料的製備方法,包括以下步驟: S11,提供一金屬基複合材料,該金屬基複合材料包括一金屬相和一增強相; S12,在所述金屬基複合材料的表面設置一合金元素層,形成第一複合結構; S13,對所述第一複合結構進行軋製; S14,對軋製後的第一複合結構進行多次折疊-軋製,形成第二複合結構; S15,對所述第二複合結構進行退火,得到合金基複合材料。
在步驟S11中,所述金屬基複合材料的結構不限,其中,所述增強相可以與所述金屬相堆疊設置,也可以設置于所述金屬相內。該金屬基複合材料的厚度不限,可以根據實際需要選擇。優選的,所述金屬基複合材料的厚度為0.03mm~3mm。
所述金屬相的材料不限,可以為銅、鋁、銀、金等軟金屬,該軟金屬是指塑性、延展性較好的金屬。本實施例中,所述金屬相的材料為銅。
所述增強相的材料不限,可以為奈米碳管結構、石墨烯、三氧化二鋁、氮化矽等。所述奈米碳管結構形式不限,可以包括一根或多根奈米碳管,當所述奈米碳管結構包括多根奈米碳管時,該多根奈米碳管可以雜亂無章,無規則設置,也可以是多根奈米碳管形成膜狀結構,該膜狀結構包括奈米碳管拉膜、奈米碳管碾壓膜、奈米碳管絮化膜。
所述奈米碳管拉膜中的多根奈米碳管通過凡得瓦力首尾相連且沿同一方向延伸。所述奈米碳管碾壓膜中的多根奈米碳管無序,沿同一方向或不同方向擇優取向排列。所述奈米碳管絮化膜中的多根奈米碳管之間通過凡得瓦力相互吸引、纏繞形成網狀結構。
在步驟S12中,將所述合金元素層設置於所述金屬基複合材料表面的方式不限,可以包括:(一)直接將合金元素層堆疊在金屬基複合材料表面;(二)通過電鍍法將合金元素層電鍍於所述金屬基複合材料的表面;或(三)折疊所述金屬基複合材料並將合金元素層夾在中間。
所述合金元素層的材料不限,根據需要形成的合金基複合材料選擇。對於所述金屬相為銅時,所述合金元素層可以為鋅、鎳、鋁或錫。該合金元素層的厚度不限,優選的,所述合金元素層的厚度為0.03mm~3mm。通過同時控制金屬基複合材料和合金元素層的厚度可以控制形成合金基複合材料中合金的成分。
在步驟S13中,可以對所述第一複合結構先進行剪裁,使第一複合結構中的金屬基複合材料和合金元素層邊緣重疊。對所述第一複合結構進行軋製的方法不限,只需確保使所述第一複合結構的厚度減薄即可。優選的,使第一複合結構的厚度減薄至初始厚度的70%以下,所述初始厚度是指第一複合結構未經軋製前的厚度。本實施例中,將第一複合結構在丙酮溶液中超聲去油脂,在常溫下通過軋機對所述第一複合結構的上下表面施加壓力,使其減薄至初始厚度的一半,之後將軋製後的第一複合結構邊緣的裂紋去掉。
在步驟S14之前,可以進一步包括對所述軋製後的第一複合結構進行刮擦處理的步驟,使該軋製後的第一複合結構的表面粗糙化,方便後續表面之間更好的結合。本實施例中,使用鋼絲刷對所述軋製後的第一複合結構進行刮擦。
在步驟S14中,所述“折疊-軋製”代表的是一個工序,具體指的是先對軋製後的第一複合結構進行折疊,再對折疊後的第一複合結構進行軋製。對軋製後的第一複合結構進行折疊的方式不限,優選的,以刮擦處理的表面為內側將所述軋製後的第一複合結構進行對半折疊。對所述折疊後的第一複合結構再次進行軋製,使其厚度減薄至折疊後的第一複合結構厚度的70%以下。本實施例中,對所述折疊後的第一複合結構再次進行軋製使其厚度減薄至一半。所述多次是指2次以上,可以理解,對“折疊-軋製”這一套工序重複2次以上。
在步驟S15中,對步驟S14形成的結構不斷重複進行折疊和軋製,在折疊的過程中所述合金元素層以多層的形式存在於所述金屬基複合材料內,使形成的合金基體均勻化;在軋製時每一層合金元素層的厚度減小且與金屬基複合材料的表面緊密結合,使均勻化退火所需的時間顯著縮短。步驟S14的重複次數可以根據合金元素層中合金元素的種類與厚度確定。
所述第二複合結構中存在多個三明治結構,該多個三明治結構依次堆疊設置。所述三明治結構包括兩層金屬基複合材料和夾持在兩層金屬基複合材料中的合金元素層。
在步驟S16中,退火過程中,所述合金元素層中的原子與所述金屬基複合材料中金屬相的原子相互擴散、互溶,形成組織均勻的合金基體。所述金屬基複合材料中增強相的形貌並不改變,該增強相穿插於所述合金基體內。
所述退火的溫度和時間可以根據需要形成的合金基複合材料中合金的種類與成分確定。優選的,所述退火溫度範圍為100°C~600°C,退火時間為1h-24h。本實施例中,將第二複合結構放置於充有氬氣的真空管式爐內進行退火處理。
請參閱圖2a、圖2b,本發明第一實施例提供一種銅鎳合金基複合材料的製備方法,具體步驟如下: S31,選取長度為75mm,寬度為22mm,高度為0.08mm的奈米碳管增強純銅基複合材料,其中,多個奈米碳管通過凡得瓦力首尾相連且沿同一方向延伸; S32,利用乙醇對上述複合材料的表面進行清洗並乾燥,在反應面的背面粘貼絕緣膠帶,利用瓦特鎳鍍液在其反應面電鍍一層厚度為0.02mm的鎳層,得到第一複合結構; S33,去掉絕緣膠帶,在丙酮溶液中對所述第一複合結構進行超聲處理,利用軋機將第一複合結構軋製至0.05mm; S34,在軋製後第一複合結構的鎳層表面用鋼絲刷進行刮擦處理,並將四周邊沿剪去1mm,將經過刮擦處理的一面作為內側沿中線折疊,高度變為0.1mm,再次利用軋機將材料軋製至0.05mm。 S35,將所述步驟S34重複8次,得到第二複合結構; S36,將所述第二複合結構在氬氣氣氛中,500℃下進行退火處理12h,得到銅鎳合金基複合材料,該銅鎳合金基複合材料中銅鎳的品質比為3.8:1。
退火前第二複合結構的表面顏色為紅色,這是因為第二複合結構中表面為純銅,經過退火之後,銅元素和鎳元素形成了銅鎳合金,表面顏色變成了白色。進一步可以從圖2a中看出最終銅和鎳形成了銅鎳合金。從圖2b中可以明顯看出形成的銅鎳合金基複合材料沒有孔洞,緻密性良好。
請參閱圖3a、圖3b,本發明第二實施例提供一種銅鋅合金基複合材料的製備方法,具體步驟如下: S41,將選取長度為75mm,寬度為22mm,高度為0.06mm的奈米碳管增強純銅基複合材料,其中,多根奈米碳管通過凡得瓦力首尾相連且沿同一方向延伸,將所述奈米碳管增強純銅基複合材料沿中線折疊,並將一片長度為37.5mm,寬度為22mm,高度為0.04mm的鋅箔夾持在中間,得到第一複合結構; S42,在丙酮溶液中對所述第一複合結構進行超聲處理,利用軋機將材料軋製至0.08mm; S43,在軋製後第一複合結構的任意一側表面用鋼絲刷進行刮擦處理,並將四周邊沿剪去1mm,將經過刮擦處理的一面作為內側沿中線折疊,高度變為0.16mm,再次利用軋機將材料軋製至0.08mm。 S44,將所述步驟S43重複8次,得到第二複合結構; S45,將所述第二複合結構在氬氣氣氛中,300℃下進行退火處理12h,得到銅鋅合金基複合材料,該銅鋅合金基複合材料中銅鋅品質比為1.78:1。
退火前所述第二複合結構的表面顏色為紅色,這是因為第二複合結構的表面為純銅,經過退火之後,銅元素和鋅元素形成了銅鋅合金,表面顏色變成了黃色。進一步可以從圖2a中看出最終銅和鋅形成了銅鋅合金。從圖2b中可以明顯看出形成的銅鋅合金基複合材料沒有孔洞,緻密性良好。
本發明提供的合金基複合材料的製備方法,採用累積軋製加退火的方法製備合金基複合材料,該方法可以通過金屬基複合材料和合金元素層的初始厚度來控制合金元素的含量;第二,製備過程中所需的溫度不高,避免了增強相與合金基體間介面產物的生成,並極大拓寬了增強相的可用種類;第三,製備得到的合金基複合材料的孔洞少、緻密度高、塑性和韌性好;第四,可以大批量製備塊體材料,容易實現流水線作業。
綜上所述,本發明確已符合發明專利之要件,遂依法提出專利申請。惟,以上所述者僅為本發明之較佳實施例,自不能以此限制本案之申請專利範圍。舉凡習知本案技藝之人士援依本發明之精神所作之等效修飾或變化,皆應涵蓋於以下申請專利範圍內。
圖1是本發明實施例合金基複合材料的製備方法的工作示意圖。
圖2a是本發明第一實施例中退火前後第二複合結構的X射線衍射圖譜。
圖2b是本發明第一實施例中形成的銅鎳合金基複合材料截面的電子掃描圖。
圖3a是本發明第二實施例中退火前後第二複合結構的X射線衍射圖譜。
圖3b是本發明第二實施例中形成的銅鋅合金基複合材料截面的電子掃描圖。

Claims (10)

  1. 一種合金基複合材料的製備方法,包括以下步驟: S11,提供一金屬基複合材料,該金屬基複合材料包括一金屬相和一增強相; S12,在所述金屬基複合材料的表面設置一合金元素層,形成第一複合結構; S13,對所述第一複合結構進行軋製; S14,對軋製後的第一複合結構進行多次折疊-軋製,形成第二複合結 構; S15,對所述第二複合結構進行退火,得到合金基複合材料。
  2. 如請求項第1項所述的合金基複合材料的製備方法,其中,所述金屬相的材料為銅、鋁、銀或金。
  3. 如請求項第1項所述的合金基複合材料的製備方法,其中,所述增強相為奈米碳管結構、石墨烯、三氧化二鋁或氮化矽。
  4. 如請求項第3項所述的合金基複合材料的製備方法,其中,所述奈米碳管結構包括一根或多根奈米碳管,該多根奈米碳管為雜亂無章,無規則設置,或形成膜狀結構。
  5. 如請求項第3項所述的合金基複合材料的製備方法,其中,所述膜狀結構為奈米碳管拉膜、奈米碳管碾壓膜或奈米碳管絮化膜。
  6. 如請求項第1項所述的合金基複合材料的製備方法,其中,在所述金屬基複合材料的表面設置一合金元素層的方式包括:直接將合金元素層堆疊在金屬基複合材料表面;或通過電鍍法將合金元素層電鍍於所述金屬基複合材料表面;或折疊所述金屬基複合材料並將合金元素層夾在中間。
  7. 如請求項第1項所述的合金基複合材料的製備方法,其中,在步驟S14之前,進一步包括對軋製後的第一複合結構的表面進行刮擦處理,使所述第一複合結構的表面粗糙化。
  8. 如請求項第1項所述的合金基複合材料的製備方法,其中,對所述第一複合結構進行多次折疊-軋製形成多個三明治結構,該多個三明治結構依次堆疊設置。
  9. 如請求項第8項所述的合金基複合材料的製備方法,其中,所述三明治結構包括兩層金屬基複合材料和夾持在中間的合金元素層。
  10. 如請求項第1項所述的合金基複合材料的製備方法,其中,所述退火溫度範圍為100°C~600°C,退火時間為1h-24h。
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