TW201802056A - 調光積層體以及多層玻璃 - Google Patents

調光積層體以及多層玻璃 Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201802056A
TW201802056A TW106119097A TW106119097A TW201802056A TW 201802056 A TW201802056 A TW 201802056A TW 106119097 A TW106119097 A TW 106119097A TW 106119097 A TW106119097 A TW 106119097A TW 201802056 A TW201802056 A TW 201802056A
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
transparent substrate
light
laminated body
transparent
substrate
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TW106119097A
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English (en)
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中村茂
平松徹也
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旭硝子股份有限公司
Agc歐洲玻璃公司
Agc北美平面玻璃公司
Agc巴西玻璃股份有限公司
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Application filed by 旭硝子股份有限公司, Agc歐洲玻璃公司, Agc北美平面玻璃公司, Agc巴西玻璃股份有限公司 filed Critical 旭硝子股份有限公司
Publication of TW201802056A publication Critical patent/TW201802056A/zh

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    • B32B7/02Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • B32B7/027Thermal properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/10009Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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    • B32B17/10009Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/10082Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/101Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having a predetermined coefficient of thermal expansion [CTE]
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    • B32B17/10816Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by pressing
    • B32B17/10825Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E06B5/00Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • GPHYSICS
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    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153Constructional details
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/163Operation of electrochromic cells, e.g. electrodeposition cells; Circuit arrangements therefor

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本發明之調光積層體(10)具備:調光基板(18),其係將調光功能材料(16)設置於2片第1透明基板(12)、(14)之間而成;及第2透明基板(22),其經由接著層(20)而接著於一第1透明基板(12);且第1透明基板(12)、(14)與第2透明基板(22)於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數不同;經由接著層(24)將第3透明基板(26)接著於另一第1透明基板(14),第3透明基板(26)與第2透明基板(22)於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數相等。

Description

調光積層體以及多層玻璃
本發明係關於一種調光積層體以及多層玻璃。
已知有具備藉由電性控制而控制光之透過狀態之調光功能材料之調光積層體(亦稱為調光裝置或調光玻璃)。此種調光積層體由於能夠藉由控制光之透過狀態而遮斷或打開使用者之視野,或者控制紅外線之流入,故而作為室內之間壁材、或外窗等建築材料而使用。 作為調光積層體所使用之調光功能材料,已知有如專利文獻1般使用電致變色功能材料者,該電致變色功能材料配置於玻璃層上。又,於專利文獻1中,為了使自玻璃層向電致變色功能材料中之鹼金屬、例如鈉擴散變得最小,不使用鹼石灰玻璃,而使用鹼性氧化物含量較少之玻璃作為玻璃層。 以下,對專利文獻1中所揭示之具有調光功能之物品進行說明。 專利文獻1之物品包含具有50×10-7 /℃以下之熱膨脹係數及4 mm以下之厚度之玻璃層、配置於玻璃層上之電致變色功能材料、具有較玻璃層大之厚度之基板、以及配置於基板與玻璃層或電致變色功能材料之任一者之間之層壓層。 又,於專利文獻1中揭示出:使用具有10質量%以下之鹼性氧化物含量且具有0.5 mm至4 mm之厚度之透明玻璃層作為玻璃層;使用聚乙烯丁醛作為層壓層;使用鹼石灰玻璃作為基板。 即,於專利文獻1中揭示出:使用無鹼玻璃作為用以防止鹼性成分向電致變色功能材料之遷移(migration)之玻璃層;使用鹼石灰玻璃作為補強無鹼玻璃之強度之基板;及藉由聚乙烯丁醛將無鹼玻璃與鹼石灰玻璃接著。 先前技術文獻 專利文獻 專利文獻1:日本專利第5684113號公報
[發明所欲解決之問題] 關於專利文獻1之物品之製造方法,作為一例,與通常之夾層玻璃之製造方法同樣地具有稱為高壓步驟之熱處理步驟。即,專利文獻1之物品係藉由以下方式進行製造:於作為2片基板之無鹼玻璃與鹼石灰玻璃之間夾入聚乙烯丁醛,並使其流入至輥之間進行預接著,其後,放入至高壓釜,於例如120~150℃、1~1.5 MPa進行加熱壓接。 然而,無鹼玻璃與鹼石灰玻璃(以下,稱為鈉鈣玻璃)之熱膨脹係數不同,因此,於製造後之物品中存在產生翹曲之問題。由此導致專利文獻1之物品於反射影像產生變形,因此存在外觀較差之問題。又,於將專利文獻1之物品應用於構成多層玻璃之玻璃板之情形時,多層玻璃之中空層之厚度因玻璃板之翹曲而變窄,因此存在絕熱性能或隔熱性能降低,進而亦產生抑制向中空層之透濕之密封材料之密接性不良的問題。再者,無鹼玻璃於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數為50×10-7 /℃以下,與此相對,鈉鈣玻璃於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數一般為80~100×10-7 /℃。 本發明係鑒於此種情況而完成者,其目的在於提供一種即便為將熱膨脹係數不同之複數個基板積層而構成之調光積層體亦能夠減少製造時產生之翹曲的調光積層體、以及使用該調光積層體之多層玻璃。 [解決問題之技術手段] 本發明之一態樣為了達成本發明之目的,而提供一種調光積層體,該調光積層體具備:1片調光基板,其係將調光功能材料設置於2片第1透明基板之間而成;及第2透明基板,其經由接著層而接著於調光基板之2片第1透明基板中之一第1透明基板;且第1透明基板與第2透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數不同;經由接著層將第3透明基板接著於2片第1透明基板中之另一第1透明基板,第3透明基板與第2透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數之差為20×10-7 /℃以下。 本發明之一態樣為了達成本發明之目的,而提供一種調光積層體,該調光積層體具備:調光基板單元,其係由將調光功能材料設置於2片第1透明基板之間所構成之調光基板積層至少2片以上而成;及第2透明基板,其經由接著層而接著於位於調光基板單元之外側之2片第1透明基板中之一第1透明基板;且第1透明基板與第2透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數不同;經由接著層將第3透明基板接著於位於調光基板單元之外側之2片第1透明基板中之另一第1透明基板,第3透明基板與第2透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數之差為20×10-7 /℃以下。 本發明之一態樣較佳為第3透明基板與第2透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數相等。又,此時,本發明之一態樣較佳為第3透明基板及第2透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數大於第1透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數。 本發明之另一態樣為了達成本發明之目的,而提供一種調光積層體,該調光積層體具備:1片調光基板,其係將調光功能材料設置於2片第1透明基板之間而成;及第2透明基板,其經由接著層而接著於調光基板之2片第1透明基板中之一第1透明基板;且第1透明基板與第2透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數不同;經由接著層將第3透明基板接著於第2透明基板,第3透明基板與第1透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數之差為10×10-7 /℃以下。 本發明之一態樣為了達成本發明之目的,而提供一種調光積層體,該調光積層體具備:調光基板單元,其係由將調光功能材料設置於2片第1透明基板之間所構成之調光基板積層至少2片以上而成;及第2透明基板,其經由接著層而接著於位於調光基板單元之外側之2片第1透明基板中之一第1透明基板;且第1透明基板與第2透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數不同;經由接著層將第3透明基板接著於第2透明基板,第3透明基板與第1透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數之差為10×10-7 /℃以下。 本發明之一態樣較佳為第3透明基板與第1透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數相等。又,此時,本發明之一態樣較佳為第2透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數大於第1透明基板及第3透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數。 本發明之一態樣較佳為2片第1透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數之差為10×10-7 /℃以下。 本發明之一態樣較佳為2片第1透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數相等。 本發明之一態樣較佳為第1透明基板之鹼金屬氧化物之含量以氧化物基準之莫耳百分率表示為3%以下。 本發明之一態樣為了達成本發明之目的,提供一種多層玻璃,該多層玻璃係經由間隔件將2片玻璃板隔開設置且藉由密封材料將2片玻璃板之周緣部密封而成者,且2片玻璃板中之至少1片玻璃板係本發明之一態樣之調光積層體。 [發明之效果] 根據本發明,能夠提供一種即便為將熱膨脹係數不同之複數個基板積層而構成之調光積層體亦能夠減少製造時產生之翹曲的調光積層體、以及使用該調光積層體之多層玻璃。
以下,根據隨附圖式,對本發明之調光積層體及多層玻璃之較佳之實施形態進行說明。於本說明中,於使用“~”表示數值範圍之情形時,以“~”表示之上限、下限之數值亦包含於數值範圍內。 〔第1實施形態之調光積層體10〕 圖1係第1實施形態之調光積層體10之主要部分剖視圖。 該圖所示之調光積層體10具備:1片調光基板18,其係將調光功能材料16設置於2片第1透明基板12、14之間而成;及第2透明基板22,其經由接著層20而接著於調光基板18之2片第1透明基板12、14中之一第1透明基板12;且第1透明基板12、14與第2透明基板22於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數不同;經由接著層24將第3透明基板26接著於2片第1透明基板12、14中之另一第1透明基板14,第3透明基板26與第2透明基板22於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數相等。 作為第1透明基板12、14,應用無鹼玻璃。該無鹼玻璃作為一例,其厚度為0.1~2.0 mm,可為0.5 mm以上,亦可為0.8 mm以上,亦可為1.0 mm以上。又,可為1.7 mm以下,亦可為1.5 mm以下,亦可為1.3 mm以下。又,其於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數較佳為50×10-7 /℃以下,更佳為45×10-7 /℃以下,進而較佳為40×10-7 /℃以下,尤佳為38×10-7 /℃以下。又,其於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數可為30×10-7 /℃以上,可為32×10-7 /℃以上,可為35×10-7 /℃以上。又,第1透明基板12、14於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數之差較佳為10×10-7 /℃以下,更佳為5×10-7 /℃以下,進而較佳為1×10-7 /℃以下,最佳為於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數相等。進而,又,鹼金屬氧化物之含量以氧化物基準之莫耳百分率表示較佳為3%以下。藉此,能夠較佳地抑制鹼性成分自第1透明基板12、14向調光功能材料16之遷移。鹼金屬氧化物之含量以氧化物基準之莫耳百分率表示更佳為1%以下,進而較佳為0.5%以下,尤佳為實質上不含有。於本說明書中,「實質上不含有」係指除了自原料等混入之不可避免之雜質以外不含有,即非意圖性地含有。於本發明中,所謂實質上不含有鹼金屬氧化物,例如為0.1%以下。此處,玻璃之平均熱膨脹係數例如可藉由改變鹼金屬氧化物之含量而進行調整,可藉由減少鹼金屬氧化物之含量而使平均熱膨脹係數變小。再者,本案說明書中所述之「厚度」係由JIS(日本工業標準)R3202:2011所規定之具有容許差之厚度。 作為調光功能材料16,例示電致變色功能材料,但並不限定於此。即,作為調光功能材料16,只要為能夠使光學性質可逆地可變之材料即可,亦可為能夠塗佈於2片第1透明基板12、14中之至少一透明基板之薄膜、或能夠配置於2片第1透明基板12、14之間之固體或凝膠狀體。又,作為調光功能材料16,可例示SPD(Suspended Particle Device,懸浮粒子式裝置)、液晶、高分子分散型液晶、光致變色材料、熱致變色材料。藉由利用2片第1透明基板12、14自外部保護調光功能材料16而構成1片調光基板18。 於圖2中,示出具有將2片調光基板18積層而成之調光基板單元19之調光積層體10之另一態樣。 圖2所示之調光積層體10具備:調光基板單元19,其係由將調光功能材料16設置於2片第1透明基板12、14之間所構成之調光基板18積層2片而成;及第2透明基板22,其經由接著層20而接著於位於調光基板單元19之外側之2片第1透明基板12、14中之一第1透明基板12;且第1透明基板12、14與第2透明基板22於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數不同;經由接著層24將第3透明基板26接著於位於調光基板單元19之外側之2片第1透明基板12、14中之另一第1透明基板14,第3透明基板26與第2透明基板22於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數相等。又,2片調光基板18係經由接著層24將對向之內側之第1透明基板12與第1透明基板14接著。再者,調光基板18之片數並不限定於2片,亦可為3片以上。藉由具備複數片調光基板18,能夠使調光控制之解析度細分化。 返回至圖1,第2透明基板22作為調光基板18之補強板而發揮功能。作為第2透明基板22,應用鈉鈣玻璃。該鈉鈣玻璃作為一例,其厚度為1.0~12.0 mm。厚度可為2.0 mm以上,亦可為3.0 mm以上,亦可為3.5 mm以上。又,厚度可為10.0 mm以下,亦可為8.0 mm以下,亦可為6.0 mm以下,亦可為5.0 mm以下。又,鈉鈣玻璃於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數較佳為60~100×10-7 /℃。50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數可為70×10-7 /℃以上,亦可為80×10-7 /℃以上。又,50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數可為95×10-7 /℃以下,亦可為90×10-7 /℃以下。此處,50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數係按照JIS R3102:1995所規定之方法,使用示差熱膨脹儀(TMA)於50~350℃之溫度範圍進行測定。 作為接著層20,可應用聚乙烯丁醛(PVB:polyvinyl butyral)製、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA:Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer)製、或熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯(TPU:Thermoplastic Polyurethane)製等之例如片狀構件。接著層20之厚度作為一例為0.1~2.0 mm。接著層20之厚度可為0.5 mm以上,亦可為0.7 mm以上。又,接著層20之厚度亦可為1.5 mm以下。藉由應用該等接著層20,能夠於預壓接後藉由高壓步驟將調光基板18之第1透明基板12與第2透明基板22接著。 作為第3透明基板26,與第2透明基板22同樣地應用鈉鈣玻璃。該鈉鈣玻璃之厚度作為一例亦為1.0~12.0 mm。厚度可為2.0 mm以上,亦可為3.0 mm以上,亦可為3.5 mm以上。又,厚度可為10.0 mm以下,亦可為8.0 mm以下,亦可為6.0 mm以下,亦可為5.0 mm以下。又,其於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數亦為60~100×10-7 /℃。50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數可為70×10-7 /℃以上,亦可為80×10-7 /℃以上。又,50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數可為95×10-7 /℃以下,亦可為90×10-7 /℃以下。 作為接著層24,與接著層20同樣地可應用聚乙烯丁醛製、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物製、或熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯製等之例如片狀構件。接著層24之厚度作為一例亦為0.1~2.0 mm。藉由應用該等接著層24,能夠於預壓接後藉由高壓步驟將調光基板18之第1透明基板14與第3透明基板26接著。藉此,製造實施形態之調光積層體10。再者,較佳為第2透明基板22及第3透明基板26對調光基板18之預壓接係同時進行,藉由高壓步驟進行接著而製造調光積層體10。 再者,於調光積層體10之製造步驟中,於高壓步驟之前步驟中,具有預壓接步驟。於該預壓接步驟中,將利用接著層20、24所進行之接著前之調光積層體10放入至橡膠袋,將橡膠袋內與減壓系統連接,以80~130℃之加熱溫度,於減壓數百mmHg之環境下保持特定時間,藉此進行預壓接。於該預壓接步驟結束後,將橡膠袋內之氣壓恢復至外部氣壓,實施高壓步驟。於接著層20、24之原材料例如為乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)之情形時,亦可僅藉由利用橡膠袋所進行之預壓接步驟而製造調光積層體10。又,亦可使加熱至50~130℃之調光積層體18通過上下之軋輥之間進行加壓而預壓接。 於如上所述般構成之第1實施形態之調光積層體10中,因藉由預壓接步驟或高壓步驟(例如,加熱溫度:120~150℃、壓力:1~1.5 MPa、時間:10分鐘)進行接著而產生之變形即調光積層體10之翹曲係由配置於調光基板18之兩側面之第2透明基板22與第3透明基板26之熱膨脹係數的差控制。 此處,關於專利文獻1之物品,配置於兩側面之無鹼玻璃與鈉鈣玻璃之熱膨脹係數相差較大。即,無鹼玻璃於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數為50×10-7 /℃以下,鈉鈣玻璃於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數為80~100×10-7 /℃,因此,產生至少30×10-7 /℃之差。因此,於製造後之物品產生翹曲。具體而言,鈉鈣玻璃之熱膨脹量大於無鹼玻璃之熱膨脹量,因此,產生如鈉鈣玻璃之不與無鹼玻璃對向之面成為凹狀般之圓弧狀的翹曲。 關於與此相對之第1實施形態之調光積層體10,配置於兩側面之第2透明基板22與第3透明基板26於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數相等,熱膨脹量成為同量,因此調光積層體10之翹曲得以抑制。 因此,根據第1實施形態之調光積層體10,藉由製成將第3透明基板26積層於熱膨脹係數不同之第1透明基板12、14與第2透明基板22而構成之調光積層體10,能夠大幅減少製造時產生之翹曲。 又,於第1實施形態之調光積層體10中,較佳為第1透明基板12與第1透明基板14之厚度之差為1 mm以下。藉此抑制調光積層體10之翹曲。第1透明基板12與第1透明基板14之厚度之差更佳為0.5 mm以下,進而較佳為0.1 mm以下。又,第2透明基板22與第3透明基板26之厚度之差較佳為1 mm以下。藉此抑制調光積層體10之翹曲。第2透明基板22與第3透明基板26之厚度之差更佳為0.5 mm以下,進而較佳為0.1 mm以下。 又,於第1實施形態之調光積層體10中,配置於兩側面之第2透明基板22與第3透明基板26於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數相等,第2透明基板22及第3透明基板26之熱膨脹係數大於第1透明基板12、14,且調光積層體10之翹曲得到抑制,因此,容易於調光基板18產生壓縮應力,能夠抑制使用調光積層體10時之熱裂。 於第1實施形態之調光積層體10中,應用50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數相等之第2透明基板22與第3透明基板26,但並不限定於此,只要第2透明基板22與第3透明基板26於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數之差為20×10-7 /℃以下即可。藉此,與專利文獻1之物品進行比較,能夠減少製造時產生之調光積層體10之翹曲,因此能夠獲得無變形之反射影像。又,如下所述,即便於將第1實施形態之調光積層體10應用於構成多層玻璃之2片玻璃板中之至少一玻璃板的情形時(參照圖5),亦減少調光積層體10之翹曲,因此不會對多層玻璃所具有之絕熱性能或隔熱性能造成影響,且亦能夠防止抑制向中空層之透濕之密封材料之密接性不良。再者,第2透明基板22與第3透明基板26於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數之差較佳為10×10-7 /℃以下,更佳為5×10-7 /℃以下,進而較佳為2×10-7 /℃以下,尤佳為1×10-7 /℃以下。 〔第2實施形態之調光積層體30〕 圖3係第2實施形態之調光積層體30之主要部分剖視圖。對第2實施形態之調光積層體30進行說明時,對與圖1所示之第1實施形態之調光積層體10相同之構件標註相同之符號並省略其說明。 調光積層體30具備:1片調光基板18,其係將調光功能材料16設置於2片第1透明基板12、14之間而成;及第2透明基板22,其經由接著層20而接著於調光基板18之2片第1透明基板12、14中之一第1透明基板12;且第1透明基板12、14與第2透明基板22於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數不同;經由接著層24將第3透明基板32接著於第2透明基板22,第3透明基板32與第1透明基板12、14於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數相等。 第3透明基板32與第1透明基板12、14同樣地應用無鹼玻璃。該無鹼玻璃作為一例,其厚度為0.1~4.0 mm,但並不限定於該厚度。無鹼玻璃之厚度可為0.5 mm以上,亦可為0.8 mm以上,亦可為1.0 mm以上。又,可為1.7 mm以下,亦可為1.5 mm以下,亦可為1.3 mm以下。又,無鹼玻璃於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數較佳為50×10-7 /℃以下,更佳為45×10-7 /℃以下,進而較佳為40×10-7 /℃以下,尤佳為38×10-7 /℃以下。又,無鹼玻璃於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數可為30×10-7 /℃以上,亦可為32×10-7 /℃以上,亦可為35×10-7 /℃以上。 如上所述,調光積層體30之因熱膨脹所引起之翹曲係由配置於第2透明基板22之兩側面之第1透明基板12、14與第3透明基板32之熱膨脹係數的差控制。 關於第2實施形態之調光積層體30,配置於第2透明基板22之兩側面之第1透明基板12、14與第3透明基板32於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數相等,熱膨脹量成為同量,因此調光積層體30之翹曲得以抑制。 因此,根據第2實施形態之調光積層體30,藉由製成將第3透明基板32積層於熱膨脹係數不同之第1透明基板12、14與第2透明基板22而構成之調光積層體30,能夠大幅減少製造時產生之翹曲。 又,於第2實施形態之調光積層體30中,第1透明基板12及第1透明基板14之厚度之合計(於調光基板18為2片以上之情形時,所有第1透明基板12及第1透明基板14之厚度之合計)與第3透明基板32之厚度的差較佳為1 mm以下,更佳為0.5 mm以下,進而較佳為0.1 mm以下。藉此抑制調光積層體30之翹曲。 又,於第2實施形態之調光積層體30中,配置於第2透明基板22之兩側面之第1透明基板12、14與第3透明基板32於50~350℃時的平均熱膨脹係數相等,第2透明基板22之熱膨脹係數大於第1透明基板12、14及第3透明基板32之熱膨脹係數,且調光積層體30之翹曲得到抑制,因此,容易於調光基板18產生壓縮應力,能夠抑制使用調光積層體30時之熱裂。 於第2實施形態之調光積層體30中,應用50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數相等之第1透明基板12、14及第3透明基板32,但並不限定於此,只要第1透明基板12、14與第3透明基板32於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數之差為10×10-7 /℃以下即可。此處,所謂第1透明基板12、14與第3透明基板32於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數之差為10×10-7 /℃以下係指第1透明基板12與第3透明基板32於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數之差、及第1透明基板14與第3透明基板32於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數之差均為10×10-7 /℃以下。藉此,與專利文獻1之物品進行比較,能夠減少製造時產生之調光積層體30之翹曲,因此能夠獲得無變形之反射影像。又,如下所述,即便於將第2實施形態之調光積層體30應用於構成多層玻璃之2片玻璃板中之至少一玻璃板的情形時(參照圖6),亦減少調光積層體30之翹曲,因此不會對多層玻璃所具有之絕熱性能或隔熱性能造成影響,且亦能夠防止抑制向中空層之透濕之密封材料之密接性不良。再者,第1透明基板12、14與第3透明基板32於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數之差更佳為5×10-7 /℃以下,進而較佳為2×10-7 /℃以下,尤佳為1×10-7 /℃以下。 於圖4中,示出具有將2片調光基板18積層而成之調光基板單元19之調光積層體30之另一態樣。 圖4所示之調光積層體30具備:調光基板單元19,其係由將調光功能材料16設置於2片第1透明基板12、14之間所構成之調光基板18積層2片而成;及第2透明基板22,其經由接著層20而接著於位於調光基板單元19之外側之2片第1透明基板12、14中之一第1透明基板12;且第1透明基板12、14與第2透明基板22於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數不同;經由接著層24將第3透明基板32接著於第2透明基板22,第3透明基板32與第1透明基板12、14於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數相等。 〔多層玻璃40、50〕 圖5係應用第1實施形態之調光積層體10之多層玻璃40之主要部分剖視圖,圖6係應用第2實施形態之調光積層體30之多層玻璃50之主要部分剖視圖。圖5及圖6所示之多層玻璃40、50之主要部分之構成相同,因此標註相同之符號進行說明。又,對於多層玻璃50,於括弧中標註符號而說明。 多層玻璃40(50)具有構成為矩形狀之調光積層體10(30)、玻璃板42、及框狀之間隔件44。調光積層體10(30)與玻璃板42係藉由間隔件44而隔開設置,於調光積層體10(30)與玻璃板42之間形成中空層46。間隔件44係其兩側面44A藉由丁基系密封劑等一次密封材料48而接著於調光積層體10(30)與玻璃板42。 此處,於圖5所示之調光積層體10之情形時,經由一次密封材料48將調光積層體10之第3透明基板26接著於間隔件44,於圖6所示之調光積層體30之情形時,經由一次密封材料48將調光積層體30之第1透明基板14接著於間隔件44。於調光積層體30之情形時,雖可經由一次密封材料48將第3透明基板32接著於間隔件44,但就保護調光基板18之觀點而言,較佳為使第3透明基板32朝向外側而配置之圖6之形態。 又,於調光積層體10(30)與玻璃板42之間之端緣部之凹部43密封聚矽氧系密封劑、多硫化物系密封劑、聚胺基甲酸酯系密封劑、丁基系密封劑等二次密封材料52。藉此,將由調光積層體10(30)與玻璃板42所夾著之中空層46密封。 間隔件44係由中空之管材所構成,且於間隔件44之中空部44B填充沸石等乾燥材54。又,於間隔件44形成將中空部44B與中空層46連通之貫通孔44C,藉此,利用乾燥材54將中空層46之氣體乾燥。又,於中空層46,亦可預先封入作為功能性氣體之絕熱性氣體(氬氣、氪氣等惰性氣體)。藉由預先封入絕熱性氣體而提高多層玻璃40(50)之絕熱性。 進而,於玻璃板42及第3透明基板26(第1透明基板14)之中空層46側之面,亦可塗佈用以使隔熱性或絕熱性提高之低輻射膜即Low-E(Low Emissivity,低輻射)膜56。玻璃板42可為藉由浮式法製造之所謂浮式玻璃,亦可為鋼絲網玻璃等防火玻璃或夾層玻璃。 若將調光積層體10(30)應用於構成多層玻璃40(50)之2片玻璃板中之至少一玻璃板,則能夠使多層玻璃40(50)具備調光功能,且減少調光積層體10(30)本身之翹曲,因此,不會對多層玻璃40(50)所具有之絕熱性能或隔熱性能造成影響,且亦能夠防止抑制向中空層46之透濕之一次密封材料48之密接性不良。再者,於多層玻璃40(50)中,亦可應用調光積層體10(30)以代替玻璃板42。 〔積層體之翹曲之試驗結果〕 圖7所示之資料彙總表係將使用按比較例1、2、3、實施例1、2及比較例4、5、6、實施例3、4之合計為10個之積層體測定翹曲量所得之資料針對每個積層體進行彙總者。以下,使10個積層體與圖8之(A)~(D)所示之積層體100A~100D對應並對其構成進行說明。又,以下說明之鈉鈣玻璃於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數為80~100×10-7 /℃。又,以下說明之無鹼玻璃於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數為30~40×10-7 /℃。 <積層體之構成> 圖8(A)所示之積層體100A相當於比較例1、2之積層體。 比較例1、2之積層體100A係藉由以下方式製造之積層體,即經由聚乙烯丁醛(中間膜:PVB)製之接著層106將厚度4 mm之鈉鈣玻璃102與厚度1.1 mm之無鹼玻璃104積層,並於高壓釜腔室對其進行加熱、加壓。比較例1、2之接著層106之厚度分別為0.76 mm、3.05 mm。 圖8(B)所示之積層體100B相當於比較例3之積層體。 比較例3之積層體100B係藉由以下方式製造之積層體,即經由厚度0.76 mm之聚乙烯丁醛(中間膜:PVB)製之接著層112將厚度1.1 mm之2片無鹼玻璃108、110積層,且經由厚度3.05 mm之聚乙烯丁醛(中間膜:PVB)製之接著層116將一無鹼玻璃108與厚度4 mm之鈉鈣玻璃114積層,並於高壓釜腔室對其進行加熱、加壓。比較例3之積層體100B不具有調光功能材料16,但使用聚乙烯丁醛製之接著層112以代替調光功能材料16,將接著層112當作調光功能材料16而進行評價。 圖8(C)所示之積層體100C相當於實施例1之積層體。 實施例1之積層體100C係藉由以下方式製造之積層體,即經由厚度0.76 mm之聚乙烯丁醛(中間膜:PVB)製之接著層122將厚度1.1 mm之2片無鹼玻璃(2片第1透明基板)118、120積層,且經由厚度0.76 mm之聚乙烯丁醛(中間膜:PVB)製之接著層126將一無鹼玻璃118與厚度4 mm之鈉鈣玻璃(第2透明基板)124積層,且經由厚度0.76 mm之聚乙烯丁醛(中間膜:PVB)製之接著層130將另一無鹼玻璃120與厚度4 mm之鈉鈣玻璃(第3透明基板)128積層,並於高壓釜腔室對其進行加熱、加壓。實施例1之積層體100C不具有調光功能材料16,但翹曲量與第1實施形態之調光積層體10大致相等。即,實施例1之積層體100C係使用聚乙烯丁醛製之接著層122以代替調光功能材料16,將接著層122當作調光功能材料16而進行評價。 圖8(D)所示之積層體100D相當於實施例2之積層體。 實施例2之積層體100D係藉由以下方式製造之積層體,即經由厚度0.76 mm之聚乙烯丁醛(中間膜:PVB)製之接著層136將厚度1.1 mm之2片無鹼玻璃(2片第1透明基板)132、134積層,且經由厚度0.76 mm之聚乙烯丁醛(中間膜:PVB)製之接著層140將一無鹼玻璃132與厚度4 mm之鈉鈣玻璃(第2透明基板)138積層,且經由厚度0.76 mm之聚乙烯丁醛(中間膜:PVB)製之接著層144將鈉鈣玻璃138與厚度1.1 mm之無鹼玻璃(第3透明基板)142積層,並於高壓釜腔室對其進行加熱、加壓。實施例2之積層體100D不具有調光功能材料16,但翹曲量與第2實施形態之調光積層體30大致相等。即,實施例2之積層體100D係使用聚乙烯丁醛製之接著層136以代替調光功能材料16,將接著層136當作調光功能材料16而進行評價。 圖8(A)所示之積層體100A相當於比較例4、5、6之積層體。 比較例4、5、6之積層體100A係藉由以下方式製造之積層體,即經由乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(中間膜:EVA)製之接著層146將厚度4 mm之鈉鈣玻璃102與厚度1.1 mm之無鹼玻璃104積層,並將其放入至橡膠袋進行加熱、減壓。比較例4、5、6之接著層146之厚度為0.8、2.0、3.2 mm。 圖8(C)所示之積層體100C相當於實施例3之積層體。 實施例3之積層體100C係藉由以下方式製造之積層體,即經由厚度0.8 mm之乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(中間膜:EVA)製之接著層122將厚度1.1 mm之2片無鹼玻璃(2片第1透明基板)118、120積層,且經由厚度0.8 mm之乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(中間膜:EVA)製之接著層126將一無鹼玻璃118與厚度4 mm之鈉鈣玻璃(第2透明基板)124積層,且經由厚度0.8 mm之乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(中間膜:EVA)製之接著層130將另一無鹼玻璃120與厚度4 mm之鈉鈣玻璃(第3透明基板)128積層,並將其放入至橡膠袋進行加熱、減壓。實施例3之積層體100C不具有調光功能材料16,但翹曲量與第1實施形態之調光積層體10大致相等。即,實施例3之積層體100C係使用乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物製之接著層122以代替調光功能材料16,將接著層122當作調光功能材料16而進行評價。 圖8(D)所示之積層體100D相當於實施例4之積層體。 實施例4之積層體100D係藉由以下方式製造之積層體,即經由厚度0.8 mm之乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(中間膜:EVA)製之接著層136將厚度1.1 mm之2片無鹼玻璃(2片第1透明基板)132、134積層,且經由厚度0.8 mm之乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(中間膜:EVA)製之接著層140將一無鹼玻璃132與厚度4 mm之鈉鈣玻璃(第2透明基板)138積層,且經由厚度0.8 mm之乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(中間膜:EVA)製之接著層144將鈉鈣玻璃138與厚度1.1 mm之無鹼玻璃(第3透明基板)142積層,並將其放入至橡膠袋進行加熱、減壓。實施例4之積層體100D不具有調光功能材料16,但翹曲量與第2實施形態之調光積層體30大致相等。即,實施例4之積層體100D係使用乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物製之接著層136以代替調光功能材料16,將接著層136當作調光功能材料16而進行評價。 <積層體之翹曲測定部位> 圖9係對積層體100A~100D之翹曲測定位置進行說明之圖,圖9(A)係積層體100A~100D之側視圖,圖9(B)係積層體100A~100D之俯視圖。又,該等積層體100A~100D係長邊a之長度為1335 mm、短邊b之長度為825 mm之矩形狀者。作為測定位置,設為沿著將頂點C-D、A-C、A-B、B-D、B-C、A-D連結之邊L之位置。又,作為將該位置之翹曲量設為h(mm)之情形時之評價值,於本實驗中,設定為h≦3.0 mm。又,積層體100A~100D之翹曲量h(mm)係藉由按照JIS(日本工業標準)R3205:2005之測定方法實施。 根據圖7之實驗結果,關於比較例1之積層體100A,於A-C(2.0 mm)、B-D(2.0 mm)之測定位置滿足h≦3.0 mm,但於其他測定位置無法滿足h≦3.0 mm。關於比較例2之積層體100A,於A-C(1.0 mm)、A-B(2.5 mm)、B-D(1.0 mm)之測定位置滿足h≦3.0 mm,但於其他測定位置無法滿足h≦3.0 mm。關於比較例3之積層體100B,於A-C(1.5 mm)、A-B(3.0 mm)、B-D(1.0 mm)之測定位置滿足h≦3.0 mm,但於其他測定位置無法滿足h≦3.0 mm。 另一方面,關於比較例4之積層體100A,於A-C(2.0 mm)、B-D(2.5 mm)之測定位置滿足h≦3.0 mm,但於其他測定位置無法滿足h≦3.0 mm。關於比較例5之積層體100A,於A-C(3.0 mm)、B-D(3.0 mm)之測定位置滿足h≦3.0 mm,但於其他測定位置無法滿足h≦3.0 mm。又,關於比較例6之積層體100A,於A-C(0.5 mm)、B-D(1.0 mm)之測定位置滿足h≦3.0 mm,但於其他測定位置無法滿足h≦3.0 mm。 與此相對,實施例1之積層體100C於所有測定位置,翹曲量為0。又,實施例2之積層體100D於所有測定位置,翹曲量h(mm)為0.5~1.5 mm之範圍,能夠滿足h≦3.0 mm。又,實施例3之積層體100C於所有測定位置,翹曲量h(mm)為0.0~0.5 mm之範圍,能夠滿足h≦3.0 mm。又,實施例4之積層體100D於所有測定位置,翹曲量h(mm)為1.0~1.5 mm之範圍,能夠滿足h≦3.0 mm。 如根據以上之實驗結果亦可知,相當於積層體100C之調光積層體10、及相當於積層體100D之調光積層體30能夠大幅減少加熱處理之製造時產生之翹曲。藉此,能夠提供品質較佳之調光積層體10、30。 詳細且參照特定之實施態樣對本發明進行了說明,但對於業者而言,應明確可不脫離本發明之精神及範圍而添加各種變更或修正。本申請案係基於2016年6月8日申請之日本專利申請案(特願2016-114526)者,其內容以參照之形式併入本文中。
10‧‧‧調光積層體
12‧‧‧第1透明基板
14‧‧‧第1透明基板
16‧‧‧調光功能材料
18‧‧‧調光基板
19‧‧‧調光基板單元
20‧‧‧接著層
22‧‧‧第2透明基板
24‧‧‧接著層
26‧‧‧第3透明基板
30‧‧‧調光積層體
32‧‧‧第3透明基板
40‧‧‧多層玻璃
42‧‧‧玻璃板
43‧‧‧凹部
44‧‧‧間隔件
44A‧‧‧兩側面
44B‧‧‧中空部
44C‧‧‧貫通孔
46‧‧‧中空層
48‧‧‧一次密封材料
50‧‧‧多層玻璃
52‧‧‧二次密封材料
54‧‧‧乾燥材
56‧‧‧Low-E膜
100A‧‧‧積層體
100B‧‧‧積層體
100C‧‧‧積層體
100D‧‧‧積層體
102‧‧‧鈉鈣玻璃
104‧‧‧無鹼玻璃
106‧‧‧接著層
108‧‧‧無鹼玻璃
110‧‧‧無鹼玻璃
112‧‧‧接著層
114‧‧‧鈉鈣玻璃
116‧‧‧接著層
118‧‧‧無鹼玻璃
120‧‧‧無鹼玻璃
122‧‧‧接著層
124‧‧‧鈉鈣玻璃
126‧‧‧接著層
128‧‧‧鈉鈣玻璃
130‧‧‧接著層
132‧‧‧無鹼玻璃
134‧‧‧無鹼玻璃
136‧‧‧接著層
138‧‧‧鈉鈣玻璃
140‧‧‧接著層
142‧‧‧無鹼玻璃
144‧‧‧接著層
146‧‧‧接著層
A‧‧‧頂點
a‧‧‧長邊
B‧‧‧頂點
b‧‧‧短邊
C‧‧‧頂點
D‧‧‧頂點
h‧‧‧翹曲量
L‧‧‧邊
圖1係第1實施形態之調光積層體之主要部分剖視圖。 圖2係具有包含2片調光基板之調光基板單元之調光積層體之主要部分剖視圖。 圖3係第2實施形態之調光積層體之主要部分剖視圖。 圖4係具有包含2片調光基板之調光基板單元之調光積層體之主要部分剖視圖。 圖5係應用第1實施形態之調光積層體之多層玻璃之主要部分剖視圖。 圖6係應用第2實施形態之調光積層體之多層玻璃之主要部分剖視圖。 圖7係使用比較例與實施例之積層體測定出翹曲量之彙總表圖。 圖8(A)~(D)係模式性地表示比較例與實施例之積層體之構成之說明圖。 圖9(A)~(B)係說明積層體之翹曲測定位置之圖。
10‧‧‧調光積層體
12‧‧‧第1透明基板
14‧‧‧第1透明基板
16‧‧‧調光功能材料
18‧‧‧調光基板
20‧‧‧接著層
22‧‧‧第2透明基板
24‧‧‧接著層
26‧‧‧第3透明基板

Claims (12)

  1. 一種調光積層體,其具備:1片調光基板,其係將調光功能材料設置於2片第1透明基板之間而成;及第2透明基板,其經由接著層而接著於上述調光基板之2片上述第1透明基板中之一第1透明基板;且上述第1透明基板與上述第2透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數不同; 經由接著層將第3透明基板接著於上述2片第1透明基板中之另一第1透明基板,上述第3透明基板與上述第2透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數之差為20×10-7 /℃以下。
  2. 一種調光積層體,其具備:調光基板單元,其係由將調光功能材料設置於2片第1透明基板之間所構成之調光基板積層至少2片以上而成;及第2透明基板,其經由接著層而接著於位於上述調光基板單元之外側之2片上述第1透明基板中之一第1透明基板;且上述第1透明基板與上述第2透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數不同; 經由接著層將第3透明基板接著於位於上述調光基板單元之外側之2片上述第1透明基板中之另一第1透明基板,上述第3透明基板與上述第2透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數之差為20×10-7 /℃以下。
  3. 如請求項1或2之調光積層體,其中上述第3透明基板與上述第2透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數相等。
  4. 如請求項3之調光積層體,其中上述第3透明基板及上述第2透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數大於上述第1透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數。
  5. 一種調光積層體,其具備:1片調光基板,其係將調光功能材料設置於2片第1透明基板之間而成;及第2透明基板,其經由接著層而接著於上述調光基板之2片上述第1透明基板中之一第1透明基板;且上述第1透明基板與上述第2透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數不同; 經由接著層將第3透明基板接著於上述第2透明基板,上述第3透明基板與上述第1透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數之差為10×10-7 /℃以下。
  6. 一種調光積層體,其具備:調光基板單元,其係由將調光功能材料設置於2片第1透明基板之間所構成之調光基板積層至少2片以上而成;及第2透明基板,其經由接著層而接著於位於上述調光基板單元之外側之2片上述第1透明基板中之一第1透明基板;且上述第1透明基板與上述第2透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數不同; 經由接著層將第3透明基板接著於上述第2透明基板,上述第3透明基板與上述第1透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數之差為10×10-7 /℃以下。
  7. 如請求項5或6之調光積層體,其中上述第3透明基板與上述第1透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數相等。
  8. 如請求項7之調光積層體,其中上述第2透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數大於上述第1透明基板及上述第3透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數。
  9. 如請求項1至8中任一項之調光積層體,其中2片上述第1透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數之差為10×10-7 /℃以下。
  10. 如請求項1至9中任一項之調光積層體,其中2片上述第1透明基板於50~350℃時之平均熱膨脹係數相等。
  11. 如請求項1至10中任一項之調光積層體,其中上述第1透明基板之鹼金屬氧化物之含量以氧化物基準之莫耳百分率表示為3%以下。
  12. 一種多層玻璃,其係經由間隔件將2片玻璃板隔開設置且藉由密封材料將2片上述玻璃板之周緣部密封而成者,且 2片上述玻璃板中之至少1片玻璃板係如請求項1至11中任一項之調光積層體。
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TWI809101B (zh) * 2018-05-30 2023-07-21 日商日本電氣硝子股份有限公司 具調光功能的積層體

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