TW201713322A - 用於治療皮膚疾病之菸鹼醯胺核苷及紫檀芪組合物及方法 - Google Patents
用於治療皮膚疾病之菸鹼醯胺核苷及紫檀芪組合物及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201713322A TW201713322A TW105118370A TW105118370A TW201713322A TW 201713322 A TW201713322 A TW 201713322A TW 105118370 A TW105118370 A TW 105118370A TW 105118370 A TW105118370 A TW 105118370A TW 201713322 A TW201713322 A TW 201713322A
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Abstract
本發明揭露一種用於治療皮膚疾病組合物,其包含菸鹼醯胺核苷和紫檀芪的結合物,以及利用該組合物及其等效物治療皮膚疾病之方法。使用該組合物或方法所治療的皮膚疾病包含太陽曝曬相關的皮膚疾病、發炎性皮膚疾病、自體免疫疾病相關的皮膚疾病和癌症相關的皮膚疾病。在一實施例中,包含菸鹼醯胺核苷及紫檀芪的結合物之該組合物係製備成口服製劑。
Description
相關申請案之交互參照
本申請案主張美國臨時申請案號62/173,733之效益,其全部內容於此併入作為參考。
本發明之領域係通常關於用於治療皮膚疾病之組合物及方法。具體而言,本發明係關於治療皮膚疾病之菸鹼醯胺核苷及紫檀芪的組合物及方法。
皮膚疾病是人類疾病中最常見的一類。皮膚疾病影響約30%~70%的個體,而且列為全球排行的非致命性疾病負荷的第四主要原因((Hay等人,皮膚學研究雜誌,2014;134,1527-1534(Hay,et al.,
J. Invest. Dermatol. 2014, 134, 1527-1534))。現今,根據國際疾病分類(International Classification of Disease)的最近研究指出,10項人類疾病的分類中,其超過千種皮膚疾病具有佔主要的皮膚疾病負荷的少數症狀(Hay等人,皮膚學研究雜誌,2014;134,1527-1534)。總而言之,皮膚疾病由於在2010年的失能(disability)而隨著時間成為非致命負荷的第四大主因。皮膚疾病造成對個體的各種有害影響,例如:損害健康相關的生活品質、害怕他人的負面評價、身體上的無能力(incapacity)和死亡。儘管如此,皮膚疾病依舊不被大眾關注(Hay等人,皮膚學研究雜誌,2014;134,1527-1534)。
標準治療包含誘發的避免,例如:曝曬太陽。治療性或預防性試劑的組合物可例如經口施予的全身遞送、局部地施用或注射至真皮層。已使用多年的各種治療及方法包含皮質類固醇(corticosteroids);維生素D3類似物,例如:鈣泊三醇(calcipotriene);煤焦油(coal tar)等的局部施用。部份患者則以浴液(bath solutions)和一般保濕劑來使用。也使用太陽光和紫外光的治療方式。有時需要以類視色素(retinoids)、胺甲喋呤(methotrexate)、環孢素(cyclosprine)、羥基尿素(hydroxyurea)和抗生素(antibiotics) 的全身性治療。近年來,也發展新的生物試劑和生物免疫反應調節劑,例如:阿法賽特(alefacept)、依法利珠單抗(efalizumab)及依那西普(etanercept)。
各治療方式具有其優點及缺點。在許多例子中,病患對治療方法產生耐受性造成有效性的下降。除此之外,這些治療方式對於患者經常為麻煩的、具有異味而且是重複且冗長的。
Suave等人的美國專利號9,00,147揭露了一種用於治療皮膚疾病的菸鹼醯核苷(nicotinoyl ribosides)及菸鹼醯胺核苷衍生物之口服及局部組合物。歐洲專利號2,493,462揭露了一種包含紫檀芪和可選地槲皮素(quercetin)或其任意可接受的鹽類之組合物,此組合物經由局部施予來預防、治療或其兩者的皮膚疾病和皮膚傷害。WO 2015/066382揭露一種口服及局部皮膚護理之組合物,其包含菸鹼醯胺核苷或其鹽類,並選擇性地與以下化合物組合,例如:二苯乙醯類(stilbenoids )(例如:紫檀芪)、薑黃素(curcumin)、胜肽(peptides)、視黃醇(retinols)、水楊酸(salicyclic acid)、過氧化苯甲醯(benzoyl peroxide)、維生素C(L-抗壞血酸(L-ascorbic acid))、花青素類(anthocyanins)或其組合。
有鑑於皮膚疾病的有害影響及不受關注,因而需要用於皮膚疾病的全身性治療之製劑及方法,其不需抗生素及免疫抑制劑。
一種組合物,其包含:治療上有效量的菸鹼醯胺核苷及治療上有效量的紫檀芪的結合物;以及醫藥上可接受的賦形劑,其中該結合物以治療上有效量用於皮膚疾病的治療。
一種方法,其包含將治療上有效量的菸鹼醯胺核苷及治療上有效量的紫檀芪的結合物施予在需要治療其的患者以用於治療皮膚疾病。
揭露一種治療皮膚疾病之口服製劑和方法。在部分實施例中,一種組合物可包含治療上有效量的菸鹼醯胺核苷、治療上有效量的紫檀芪或其兩者。在部分實施例中,一種組合物可包含菸鹼醯胺核苷及紫檀芪。在部分實施例中,一種方法可包含施予治療上有效量的菸鹼醯胺核苷及/或治療上有效量的紫壇芪。在部分實施例中,一種方法可包含口服施予菸鹼醯胺核苷及紫檀芪的治療上有效量的結合物。在部分實施例中,一種方法可包含口服施予菸鹼醯胺核苷及紫檀芪的治療上有效量的結合物,以治療皮膚疾病。
在部分實施例中,組合物可包含治療上有效量的菸鹼醯胺核苷、治療上有效量的紫檀芪或其兩者。在部分實施例中,組合物可包含菸鹼醯胺核苷和紫檀芪。在部分實施例中,一種方法可包含施予治療上有效量的菸鹼醯胺核苷及/或治療上有效量的紫檀芪。在部分實施例中,一種方法可包含局部施予菸鹼醯胺核苷及紫檀芪的治療上有效量的結合物。在部分實施例中,一種方法可包含局部施予菸鹼醯胺核苷及紫檀芪的治療上有效量的結合物,以治療皮膚疾病。
在部分實施例中,菸鹼醯胺核苷可以每日約100mg至約1000mg之間的量施予。可與菸鹼醯胺核苷結合施予的紫檀芪可以每日約25mg至約500mg施予之間的量施予。
在部分實施例中,菸鹼醯胺核苷可以每日約200mg至約700mg之間的量施予。可與菸鹼醯胺核苷結合施予的紫檀芪可以每日約25mg至約250mg施予之間的量施予。
在部分實施例中,菸鹼醯胺核苷可以約每日約250mg的量施予。可與菸鹼醯胺核苷結合施予的紫檀芪可以每日約25mg至約250mg施予之間的量施予。在部分實施例中,菸鹼醯胺核苷可以每日約250mg的量施予可與菸鹼醯胺核苷結合施予的紫檀芪可以每日約50mg的量施予。
一種組合物,其包含治療上有效量的菸鹼醯胺單核苷酸(nicotinamide mononucleotide)和治療上有效量的ε-葡萄素(epsilon-viniferin)的結合物;以及醫藥上可接受的賦形劑,其中該結合物係為用於治療皮膚疾病的治療上有效量。
一種方法,其包含對需要治療的患者施予用於治療皮膚疾病的治療上有效量的菸鹼醯胺單核苷酸及治療上有效量的ε-葡萄素的結合物。
一種組合物,其包含治療上有效量的菸鹼醯胺單核苷酸和治療上有效量的菸鹼(niacin) 的結合物;以及醫藥上可接受的賦形劑,其中該結合物係為用於治療皮膚疾病的治療上有效量。
一種用於治療皮膚疾病的方法,其包含對需要治療的患者施予治療上有效量的菸鹼醯胺單核苷酸及治療上有效量的菸鹼的結合物。
一種組合物,其包含治療上有效量的菸鹼醯胺核苷和治療上有效量的ε-葡萄素的結合物;以及醫藥上可接受的賦形劑,其中該結合物係為治療皮膚疾病的治療上有效量。
一種方法,其包含對需要治療的患者施予用於治療皮膚疾病的治療上有效量的菸鹼醯胺核苷和治療上有效量的ε-葡萄素的結合物。
一種組合物,其包含治療上有效量的菸鹼醯胺核苷和治療上有效量的白藜蘆醇(resveratrol) 的結合物;以及醫藥上可接受的賦形劑,其中該組合物係為治療皮膚疾病的治療上有效量。
一種方法,其包含對需要治療的患者施予用於治療皮膚疾病的治療上有效量的菸鹼醯胺核苷和治療上有效量的白藜蘆醇的結合物。
如本文所描述,醫藥組合物含有用於治療皮膚疾病之菸鹼醯胺核苷、紫檀芪或其組合。在部分實施例中,該組合物可包含治療上有效量的菸鹼醯胺核苷。在部分實施例中,該組合物可包含治療上有效量的紫檀芪。
在部分實施例中,該組合物可包含治療上有效量的菸鹼醯胺核苷和紫檀芪的結合物。醫藥組合物可以軟凝膠膠囊或硬殼膠囊或其他固態,例如:片劑的形式。在部分實施例中,醫藥組合物可包含約250mg的菸鹼醯胺核苷和約50mg的紫檀芪,該醫藥組合物可以每日施予一次或多次。在部分實施例中,該組合物可每日施予兩次。在每日施予兩次醫藥組合物的實施例中,該組合物可包含約125mg的菸鹼醯胺核苷和約25mg的紫檀芪。在部分實施例中,含有菸鹼醯胺核苷和紫檀芪的化合物、組合物或醫藥組合物可製備成口服製劑。在部分實施例中,含有菸鹼醯胺核苷和紫檀芪的化合物、組合物或醫藥組合物可製備成局部製劑。
本發明的附加特徵、優點和實施例將藉由考慮後續的詳細說明和申請專利範圍而闡述或顯而易見。此外,將理解的是,上述的發明內容及後述的詳細描述皆為示例性且旨在提供進一步說明,而非限制本發明申請專利範圍。
一、定義
術語「患者(patient)」、「個體(subject)」、「個體(individual)」或「宿主(host)」係指人類或非人類的動物。
術語「治療(treating)」、「改善(improving)」意謂在施予之後治愈、減輕、減少、改善、緩解、減輕、預防及/或回復的皮膚疾病的視覺指標。皮膚疾病的視覺指標可為潮紅(flushing)、紅斑(erythema)、丘疹(papules)、膿皰(pustules)、毛細血管擴張(telangiectasia)、面部水腫(facial edema)、鼻贅(rhinophyma)、牛皮癬(psoriasis)、臉紅(blushing)、平滑(smoothness)、粗糙(roughness)、富血管性(hypervascularity)、及/或面部傷疤(facial blemishes)。
如本文所用,術語「治療上有效的(therapeutically effective)」意謂產生期望的治療結果所需的菸鹼醯胺核苷和紫檀芪的量。在部分實施例中,菸鹼醯胺單核苷酸、菸鹼胺(niacinamide)、菸鹼醯胺、菸鹼酸(nicotinic acid)及/或菸鹼酸可替代菸鹼醯胺核苷。在部分實施例中,可使用菸鹼醯胺核苷、菸鹼醯胺單核苷酸及/或菸鹼酸的結合物。在部分實施例中,ε-葡萄素及/或白藜蘆醇可替代紫檀芪。在部分實施例中,可以使用紫檀芪、ε-葡萄素及/或白藜蘆醇的結合物。
如本文所用,術語「醫藥上可接受的載體(pharmaceutically acceptable carrier)」是指醫藥上可接受的材料、組合物或媒介物,如液體或固體填充劑、稀釋劑、賦形劑、溶劑或包封材料,其中涉及攜帶或運輸任何主要組合物或其成分。
如本文一般所用的「醫藥上可接受的」是指其化合物、材料、組合物及/或其劑型形式,其在合理的醫學判斷的範圍內,以適當的利益/風險比相稱而適合用於與人類和動物的組織、器官及/或身體體液接觸而沒有過度的毒性、刺激、過敏反應或其他問題或併發症。
如本文所用,術語「立體異構物(Stereoisomer)」是指具有相同的分子式和結合原子(構形)序列的異構分子,但在空間中其原子的三維定位不同。立體異構物的例子包含鏡像異構物(enantiomers)和非鏡像異構物(diastereomers)。如本文所用,鏡像異構物意謂光學活性或掌性分子的兩種鏡像形式中之其一。外消旋混合物含有光學活性或掌性分子的兩種形式。非鏡像異構物(非鏡像異構物(diastereoisomers))是立體異構物但不屬於鏡像異構物((彼此的非重疊鏡像))。掌性分子包含掌性中心,也稱為立體中心或立體源中心(stereogenic center),其可為任意點,雖然不一定為原子,在分子中帶有例如,任意兩個基團的互換之基團,以導致立體異構體。在有機化合物中,掌性中心通常為碳原子、磷原子或硫原子,雖然也可能在有機化合物和無機化合物中的立體異構物為其他原子。分子可具有多立體中心,而產生許多立體異構物。在立體異構由於為四面體(tetrahedral)立體源中心(例如,四面體碳)之化合物中,假設可能的立體異構之總數不超過2n,其中n是四面體立體中心的數量。具有對稱性的分子通常具有少於立體異構物的最大可能數量。鏡像異構物的50:50混合物意指外消旋混合物。鏡像異構物的混合物可為鏡像異構性富含的,以使一鏡像異構物的存在大於50%的量。鏡像異構物及/或非鏡像異構物可使用所屬技術領域中已知的技術分解或分離。
如本文所用,術語「取代的(Substituted)」是指本文所述的化合物或官能團的所有允許的取代基。允許的取代基可包含非週期性及週期性、支鏈及非支鏈、碳環及雜環、芳香族及非芳香族的取代基之有機化合物。說明性的取代基包含,但不限定於鹵素、羥基或包含任意數的碳原子之其他有機基團,其可為1到14個碳原子以及任選地包含在直鏈、支鏈或環狀結構形式中的一或多個雜原子,例如:氧、硫或氮。代表性的取代基包含:烷基、取代的烷基、烯基、取代的烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、苯基、取代的苯基、芳基、取代的芳基、雜芳基、取代的雜芳基、鹵素基(halo)、羥基、烷氧基(alkoxy)、取代的烷氧基、苯氧基(phenoxy)、取代的苯氧基、芳氧基(aroxy)、取代的芳氧基、烷硫基(alkylthio)、取代的烷硫基、苯硫基(phenylthio)、取代的苯硫基、芳硫基(arylthio)、取代的芳硫基、氰基(cyano)、異氰基(isocyano)、取代的異氰基、羰基(carbonyl)、取代的羰基、羧基(carboxyl)、取代的羧基、氨基、取代的氨基、醯胺(amido)、取代的醯胺、磺醯基(sulfonyl)、取代的磺醯基、磺酸(sulfonic acid)、磷醯基(phosphoryl)、取代的磷醯基、膦醯基(phosphonyl)、取代的膦醯基、聚芳基(polyaryl)、取代的聚芳基、C3
-C20
環基(C3
-C20
cyclic)、取代的C3
-C20
環基、雜環基、取代的雜環基、氨基酸、聚(乳酸-共聚-乙醇酸)( poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid))()、胜肽及多肽基團。該烷基、取代的烷基、烯基、取代的烯基、炔基、取代的炔基、苯基、取代的苯基、芳基、取代的芳基、雜芳基、取代的雜芳基、鹵素基、羥基、烷氧基、取代的烷氧基、苯氧基、取代的苯氧基、芳氧基、取代的芳氧基、烷硫基、取代的烷硫基、苯硫基、取代的苯硫基、芳硫基、取代的芳硫基、氰基、異氰基、取代的異氰基、羰基、取代的羰基、羧基、取代的羧基、氨基、取代的氨基、醯胺、取代的醯胺、磺醯基、取代的磺醯基、磺酸、磷醯基、取代的磷醯基、膦醯基、取代的膦醯基、聚芳基、取代的聚芳基、C3
-C20
環基、取代的C3
-C20
環基、雜環基、取代的雜環基、氨基酸、聚(乳酸-共聚-乙醇酸)()、胜肽和多肽基團可進一步被取代。
雜原子,例如氮可具有氫取代基及/滿足雜原子的價數的本文所述之有機化合物的任意允許的取代基。理解的是,「取代」或「取代的」包含隱含條件,如取代是根據取代原子及取代基的允許價數,且取代成為穩定化合物化合物,即為不自發性進行例如因重組作用、環化作用、脫去作用等的轉變之化合物。
術語「烷基」係指飽和脂肪族(aturated aliphatic groups)的基團,包含直鏈烷基、支鏈烷基、環烷(脂環)(alicyclic))基、烷基取代的環烷基、環烷基取代的烷基。
在部分實施例中,直鏈烷或支鏈烷的主鏈具有30個碳原子或者更少的碳原子(例如:直鏈為C1
-C30
、支鏈為C3
-C30
),20個或更少的碳原子,15個或更少的碳原子,或10個或更少的碳原子。同樣地,部分環烷基在其環狀結構中具有以3~10個碳原子形成的環狀結構,且可在環狀結構中具有5、6或7個碳。術語「烷基」(或「低級烷基(lower alkyl)」)在說明書、實施例、專利申請專利範圍中所用可同時包含「未取代的烷基(unsubstituted alkyls)」及「取代的烷基(substituted alkyls)」,其中後者意指具有一或多個取代基取代位於烴主鏈的一或多個碳上的氫之烷基部份。該取代基包含,但不限定於,鹵素(例如氟、氯、溴或碘) 、羥基、羰基(例如羧基、烷氧羰基(alkoxycarbonyl)、甲醯基(formyl)、醯基(acyl)),硫羰基(thiocarbonyl )(例如硫酯(thioester)、硫乙酸酯(thioacetate)或硫甲酸鹽(thioformate)) 、烷氧基、磷氧基、磷酸鹽(phosphate)、磷酸酯(phosphonate)、亞磷酸鹽(phosphinate)、氨基、醯胺、脒(amidine)、亞胺(imine)、氰基、疊氮基(azido)、硫氫基(sulfhydryl)、烷硫基、硫酸鹽(sulfate)、磺酸鹽(sulfonate)、胺磺醯基(sulfamoyl)、磺醯胺(sulfonamide)、磺醯基、雜環基、芳烷基或芳香族或雜芳香族部分、-NRR′,其中R和R′是獨立的氫、烷基或芳基,而且其中氮原子是選擇性地季銨化(quaternized);-SR,其中R是氫、烷基或芳基;-CN;-NO2
;-COOH;羧酸鹽(carboxylate);-COR、-COOR或-CON(R)2
,其中R是氫、烷基或芳基;疊氮化物(azide) 、芳烷基、烷氧基、亞胺、磷酸酯、亞硫酸鹽、矽基(silyl)、乙醚、磺醯基硫甲酸鹽(sulfonamide)、雜環基、芳香族基或雜芳香族部份,鹵烷基(haloalkyl)(例如-CF3、‑CH2
-CF3
、-CCl3
);-CN;-NCOCOCH2
CH2
;-NCOCOCHCH; -NCS;及其組合。
除非另外指明碳的數目,本文所用「低級烷基」意指烷基,如上所定義,但在主鏈結構上具有1到10個碳或1到6個碳原子。同樣的,「低級烯基」和「低級炔基」具有相似的主鏈長度,在整個應用過程中,烷基可為低級烷基。在部分實施例中,本文指定為烷基的取代基是低級烷基。
所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者已知在合適情況下,烴鏈上部份的取代基本身可被取代。例如,取代烷基的取代基可包含鹵素、羥基、硝基、硫醇基(thiols)、氨基、疊氮基、亞胺基(imino)、醯胺基、磷醯基(包含磷酸酯和亞磷酸鹽)、磺醯基(包含硫酸鹽、磺醯胺基(sulfonamido)、胺磺醯基和磺酸鹽)和矽基,以及醚類、烷硫基、羰基(包含酮類、醛類、羧酸鹽類和酯類)、-CF3
、-CN等,環烷基(cycloakyls)可以相同的方式被取代。
術語「烯基」和「炔基」意指在長度和可能取代基與上述烷基類的不飽和脂肪基團類似物,但是分別至少包含一個雙鍵或三鍵。
術語「取代的烯基」意指具有一或多個取代基取代位於烴主鏈的一或多個碳上的一或多個氫原子之烯基部份。該取代基包含,但不限於,鹵素、疊氮化物、烷基、芳烷基、烯基、炔基、環烷基、羥基、羰基(例如,羧基、烷氧羰基、甲醯基或醯基)、矽基、醚、酯、硫羰基(例如,硫酯、硫乙酸酯或硫甲酸鹽)、烷氧基、磷醯基、磷酸鹽、磷酸酯、亞磷酸酯、氨基(或季銨化氨基(quarternized amino))、醯胺、脒、亞胺、氰基、硝基、疊氮基、硫氫基、烷硫基、硫酸鹽、磺酸鹽、胺磺醯基、磺醯胺基、磺醯基、雜環基、烷基芳基(alkylaryl)、鹵烷基、-CN、芳基、雜芳基、以及其組合。
術語「取代的炔基」意指具有一或多個取代基取代位於烴主鏈的一或多個碳上的一或多個氫原子之炔基部份。該取代基包含,但不限於,鹵素、疊氮化物、烷基、芳烷基、烯基、炔基、環烷基、羥基、羰基(例如,羧基、烷氧羰基、甲醯基或醯基)、矽基、醚、酯、硫羰基(例如,硫酯、硫乙酸酯、或硫甲酸鹽)、烷氧基、磷醯基、磷酸鹽、磷酸酯、亞磷酸酯、氨基(或季銨化氨基)、醯胺、脒、亞胺、氰基、硝基、疊氮基、硫氫基、烷硫基、硫酸鹽、磺酸鹽、胺磺醯基、磺醯胺基、磺醯基、雜環基、烷基芳基、鹵烷基、-CN、芳基、雜芳基,以及其組合。
「芳基」,如本文所用,意指具有C5
-C26
員芳香族,稠合芳香族,稠雜環或芳環體系。如本文所用「芳基」可包含5-、6-、7-、8-、9-、10-、 14-、 18-和24-員單環芳香族基團,例如:苯(benzene)、萘(naphthalene)、蒽(anthracene)、菲(phenanthrene)、[草快](chrysene)、芘(pyrene)、心環烯(corannulene)、蔻等。「芳基」還包含具有兩個或多個的碳在相鄰的兩個環上為共用的兩個或多個的環圈的多環體系(polycyclic ring system)(即,「稠合環」),其中至少一環為芳香族,例如,另一環圈或環可為環烷基類(cycloalkyls)、環烯基類(cycloalkenyls)、環炔基類(cycloalkynyls)、芳基類及/或雜環類。
術語「取代的芳基」意指芳基,其中一或多個氫原子在一或多個芳香環上被一或多個取代基取代,其包含,但不限定於,鹵素、疊氮化物、烷基、芳烷基、烯基、炔基、環烷基、羥基、烷氧基、羰基(例如,酮(ketone)、醛、羧基、烷氧羰基、甲醯基或醯基)、矽基、醚、酯、硫羰基(例如,硫酯、硫乙酸酯、或硫甲酸鹽)、烷氧基、磷醯基、磷酸鹽、磷酸酯、亞磷酸鹽、氨基(或季銨化氨基)、醯胺、脒、亞胺、氰基、硝基、疊氮基、硫氫基、亞胺基、烷硫基、硫酸鹽、磺酸鹽、胺磺醯基、磺醯胺基、磺醯基、雜環基、烷基芳基、鹵烷基(例如,CF3、‑CH2
-CF3
、-CCl3
) 、-CN、芳基、雜芳基、以及其組合。
術語「雜環(Heterocycle)」、「雜環的(heterocyclic)」、「雜環基(heterocyclyl)」可互換使用,並且是指環狀基團通過含3-10個環原子的單環或雙環的環碳原子或氮原子連接,並且可從5-6環狀原子,其含有碳和1-4個雜原子各選自由非過氧化物的氧、硫和N(Y),其中Y為不存在或為H、O、C1
- C10
烷基、苯基或芐基(benzyl)所組成之群組,以及任選含有1-3個雙鍵並任選被一個或多個取代基取代。雜環基在定義上和雜芳基區別,雜環類的例子包含,但不限定於,哌[口井]基(piperazinyl)、哌啶基(piperidinyl)、哌啶酮基(piperidonyl)、4 - 哌啶酮基、二氫呋喃[2,3‑b
]四氫呋喃(dihydrofuro[2,3‑b
]tetrahydrofuran)、嗎啉基(morpholinyl)、哌[口井]基、哌啶基、哌啶酮基、4 - 哌啶酮基、向日葵基(piperonyl)、哌喃基(pyranyl)、2H-吡咯基(2H-pyrrolyl)、4H-喹[口井]基(4H-
quinolizinyl)、[口昆]啶基(quinuclidinyl)、四氫呋喃基(tetrahydrofuranyl)、6H-1,2,5-噻二[口井](6H
-1,2,5-thiadiazinyl)。雜環基團可以選擇地被一或多個取代基取代如上文對烷基和芳基所定義。
術語「雜芳基」意指C5
-C26
員芳香族、稠合芳香族、芳環體系或其結合,其中一或多個碳原子在一或多個芳香環結構上被雜原子取代。適合的雜原子包含,但不限定於,氧、硫和氮。廣義地定義「雜芳基」,如本文所用包含5-、6-、7-、8-、9-、10-、14-、18-以及24員單環芳族基團,其可包含從一個至四個雜原子,例如,吡咯(pyrrole)、呋喃(furan)、噻吩(thiophene)、咪唑(imidazole)、[口咢]唑(oxazole)、噻唑(thiazole)、三唑(triazole)、四唑(tetrazole)、吡唑(pyrazole)、吡啶(pyridine)、吡[口井](pyrazine)、嗒[口井](pyridazine)和嘧啶(pyrimidine)等。雜芳基團也可被稱為「芳基雜環(aryl heterocycles)」或「雜芳香族(heteroaromatics)」。「芳香基」還包含具有兩個或多個的碳在兩個相鄰的環上為共用的兩個或多個的環的多環體系(即,「稠合環」),其中至少一環為雜芳香族。例如,另一環圈或環可為環烷基類、環烯基類、環炔基類、芳基類、雜環類或其組合。雜芳環的例子包含,但不限定於,苯并咪唑基(benzimidazolyl)、苯并呋喃基(benzofuranyl)、苯并硫呋喃基(benzothiofuranyl)、苯并噻吩基(benzothiophenyl)、苯并[口咢]唑基(benzoxazolyl)、苯[口咢]唑啉基(benzoxazolinyl)、苯并噻唑基(benzthiazolyl)、苯并三唑基(benztriazolyl)、苯并四唑基(benztetrazolyl)、苯并異[口咢]唑基(benzisoxazolyl)、苯并異噻唑(benzisothiazolyl)、苯并咪唑啉基(benzimidazolinyl)、咔唑基(carbazolyl)、4aH-咔唑基(4aH‑
carbazolyl)、咔啉基(carbolinyl)、[口克]基(chromanyl)、[口克]烯基(chromenyl)、[口辛]啉基(cinnolinyl)、十氫喹啉基(decahydroquinolinyl)、2H,6H-1,5,2-二噻[口井]基(2H
,6H
-1,5,2-dithiazinyl)、呋喃基(furanyl)、呋呫基(furazanyl)、咪唑啶基(imidazolidinyl)、咪唑啉基(imidazolinyl)、咪唑基(imidazolyl)、1H-吲唑基(1H
-indazolyl)、吲哚烯基(indolenyl)、吲哚啉基(indolinyl)、吲哚[口井]基(indolizinyl)、吲哚基(indolyl)、3H-吲哚基(3H-indolyl)、靛紅醯基(isatinoyl)、異苯并呋喃基(isobenzofuranyl)、異[口克]基(isochromanyl)、異吲唑基(isoindazolyl)、異吲哚啉基(isoindolinyl)、異吲哚基(isoindolyl)、異喹啉基(isoquinolinyl)、異噻唑基(isothiazolyl)、異[口咢]唑基(isoxazolyl)、亞甲基二氧苯基(methylenedioxyphenyl)、萘啶基(naphthyridinyl)、八氫異喹啉基(octahydroisoquinolinyl)、1,2,3-[口咢]二唑基(1,2,3-oxadiazolyl)、1,2,4-[口咢]二唑基(1,2,4-oxadiazolyl)、1,2,5-[口咢]二唑基(1,2,5-oxadiazolyl)、1,3,4-[口咢]二唑基(1,3,4-oxadiazolyl)、[口咢]唑啶基(oxazolidinyl)、[口咢]唑基(oxazolyl)、羥吲哚基(oxindolyl)、嘧啶基(pyrimidinyl)、啡啶基(phenanthridinyl)、啡啉基(phenanthrolinyl)、吩[口井]基(phenazinyl)、吩噻[口井]基(phenothiazinyl)、吩噻[口咢]基(phenoxathinyl)、啡[口咢][口井]基(phenoxazinyl)、呔[口井]基(phthalazinyl)、喋啶基(pteridinyl)、嘌呤基(purinyl)、吡[口井]基(pyrazinyl)、吡唑啶基(pyrazolidinyl)、吡唑啉基(pyrazolinyl)、吡唑基(pyrazolyl)、 嗒[口井]基(pyridazinyl)、吡啶并[口咢]唑(pyridooxazole)、吡啶并咪唑(pyridoimidazole)、吡啶并噻唑(pyridothiazole)、吡啶基(pyridinyl)、吡啶基(pyridyl)、嘧啶基(pyrimidinyl)、吡咯啶基(pyrrolidinyl)、吡咯啉基(pyrrolinyl)、吡咯基(pyrrolyl)、喹唑啉基(quinazolinyl)、喹啉基(quinolinyl)、喹[口咢]啉基(quinoxalinyl)、四氫異喹啉基(tetrahydroisoquinolinyl)、四氫喹啉基(tetrahydroquinolinyl)、四唑基(tetrazolyl)、1,2,3-噻二唑基(1,2,3-thiadiazolyl)、1,2,4-噻二唑基(1,2,4-thiadiazolyl)、1,2,5-噻二唑基(1,2,5-thiadiazolyl)、1,3,4-噻二唑基(1,3,4-thiadiazolyl)、噻嗯基(thianthrenyl)、噻唑基(thiazolyl)、噻吩基(thienyl)、噻吩噻唑基(thienothiazolyl)、噻吩[口咢]唑基(thienooxazolyl)、噻吩咪唑(thienoimidazolyl)、苯硫基(thiophenyl)和[口山]基(xanthenyl)。一個或多個環可被以下定義的「取代的雜芳基」所取代。
術語「取代的雜芳基」意指其中位於一或多個雜芳環上的一或多個氫原子被一或多個取代基取代之雜芳基,該取代基包含,但不限定於,鹵素、疊氮化物、烷基、芳烷基、烯基、炔基、環烷基、羥基、烷氧基、羰基(例如,酮、醛、羧基、烷氧羰基、甲醯基或醯基)、矽基、醚、酯、硫羰基(例如,硫酯、硫乙酸酯、或硫甲酸鹽)、烷氧基、磷醯基、磷酸鹽、磷酸酯、亞磷酸鹽、氨基(或季銨化氨基)、醯胺、脒、亞胺、氰基、硝基、疊氮基、硫氫基、亞胺基、烷硫基、硫酸鹽、磺酸鹽、胺磺醯基、磺醯胺基、磺醯基、雜環基、烷基芳基、鹵烷基(例如,CF3、 ‑CH2
-CF3
、 -CCl3
) 、 -CN、芳基、雜芳基及其組合。
術語「雜原子」,如本文所用,意指除了碳和氫以外的任何元素的原子。例示性雜原子包含氮、氧、硫。
術語「類似物(Analog)」和「衍生物(Derivative)」可以互換使用,並且意指具有相同的核心為母化合物的化合物,但在母化合物的鍵級不同、一或多個原子及/或原子基團的不存在或存在及其組合。衍生物可和母化合物不同,例如,存在於核心的一或多個取代基中,其可包含一或多個原子、官能基或次結構。在一般情況下,至少在理論上,一個衍生物可推想由母化合物通過化學及/或物理製程而形成。
二、組合物
A、活性劑
(i)菸鹼醯胺核苷
如以上所述,在部分實施例中,方法和組合物包含菸鹼醯胺核苷,輔酶NAD+
的前趨物,其參與代謝過程,如能量生成、DNA修復、細胞解毒作用、發炎反應和蛋白質摺疊。菸鹼醯胺核苷的化學結構如下。化學式 I
菸鹼醯胺核苷具有四個不對稱中心及其任意的光學異構物,可使用如分離的、純化的或部分純化的光學異構物和包含外消旋混合物之其任意混合物。鏡像異構物形式可為鏡像異構物過量(enantiomeric excess),例如,實質上為純化的形式。因此,與相關的部分實施例中具有鏡像異構物的菸鹼醯胺核苷超過至少60%、至少70%、至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少96%、至少98%和在其範圍之間的範圍。
外消旋形式可藉由已知的方法分解成光學鏡像體(optical antipode),例如,藉由光學活性酸分離其非鏡像異構鹽類和藉由鹼的處理釋出光學活性的胺化合物。用於將外消旋體分解成光學鏡像體的其他方法是基於在光學活性基質上的層析法。本發明的化合物也可以藉由形成非鏡像異構物的衍生物來分解。可使用所屬技術領域所知的用於分解光學異構物的其他方法。這些方法包含經由J. Jacques、A. Collet及S. Wilen在「鏡像異構物,外消旋體以及分解(Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions)」以及John Wiley 和 Sons,紐約 (1981)所論述。光學活性化合物也可由光學活性起始材料來製備。
菸鹼醯胺核苷是一種季銨鹽(quaternary salt)並且與抗衡陰離子(counteranion)形成離子鍵。抗衡陰離子的例子包含合適的有機酸的陰離子,例如甲酸(formic)、乙酸(acetic)、三氯乙酸(trichloroacetic)、三氟乙酸(trifluoroacetic)、丙酸(propionic)、苯甲酸(benzoic)、桂皮酸(cinnamic)、檸檬酸(citric)、延胡索酸(fumaric)、羥乙酸(glycolic)、伊康酸(itaconic)、乳酸(lactic)、甲磺酸(methanesulfonic)、順丁烯二酸(maleic)、蘋果酸(malic)、丙二酸(malonic)、苦杏仁酸(mandelic)、草酸(oxalic)、苦味酸(picric)、丙酮酸(pyruvic)、水楊酸(salicylic)、琥珀酸(succinic)、甲烷(methane)、磺酸(sulfonic)、乙磺酸(ethanesulfonic)、酒石酸(tartaric)、抗壞血酸(ascorbic)、撲酸(pamoic)、二亞甲基(bismethylene)、水楊酸、乙二磺酸(ethanedisulfonic)、葡萄糖酸(gluconic)、焦檸檬酸(citraconic)、天冬胺酸(aspartic)、硬脂酸(stearic)、棕櫚酸(palmitic)、EDTA、羥乙酸、對胺苯甲酸(p-aminobenzoic)、麩胺酸(glutamic)、苯磺酸(benzenesulfonic)、對甲苯磺酸(p-toluenesulfonic acid)、茶鹼乙酸(theophylline acetic acids)以及8-鹵代茶鹼(8-halotheophyllines),例如8-溴代茶鹼(8-bromotheophylline)等。更多醫藥上可接受的無機酸或有機酸的抗衡陰離子的例子包含於(藥物科學雜誌(J. Pharm. Sci.) 66, 2 (1977))所列的醫藥上可接受的鹽。在部分實施例中,活性劑是菸鹼醯胺核苷的衍生物、鹽類、溶劑或前驅藥(prodrug)。在部分實施例中,菸鹼醯胺核苷內的核糖是β-D-核糖(β-D-ribose)。在部分實施例中,菸鹼醯胺核苷可以與菸鹼醯胺單核苷酸、菸鹼醯胺、菸鹼醯胺(nicotinamide)、菸鹼酸(nicotinic acid)及/或菸鹼(niacin)替換或結合。
在部分實施例中,活性劑具有根據化學式 I 的化學結構:化學式 I 或是一種醫藥上的鹽類,其中:
X是氧(O)、硫(S)或NR;
R1
和R2
可為氫、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的烯基、取代或未取代的炔基、取代或未取代的非芳香族雜環基、或取代或不取代的芳基;
R3
,R4,R5
和R6
可選自由氫、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的非芳香族雜環基、鹵素、—OR、—CN、—CO2
R、—OCOR、—OCO2
R、—C(O)NRR′ 、—OC(O)NRR′ 、—C(O)R、—COR、—SR、—OSO3
H、—S(O)n
R, —S(O)n
OR, —S(O)n
N RR′、—NRR′ 、—NRC(O)OR′ 、—NO2
以及—NRC(O)R′所組成之群組;
R7
、R9
和R10
可選自由氫、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的芳基、—C(O)R、—C(O)OR、—C(O)NHR、—C(O)NRR′ 、—S(O)n
R、—S(O)n
OR、—S(O)n
NRR′ 、—C(S)R、—C(S)OR 和 —C(O)SR所組成之群組;以及
R8
、R11
和R12
可選自由氫、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的非芳香族雜環基、鹵素、—CN、—CO2
R、—OCOR、—OCO2
R、—C(O)NRR′ 、—OC(O)NRR′ 、—C(O)R、—COR、—OSO3
H、—S(O)n
R、—S(O)n
OR、—S(O)n
NRR′、—NRR′、—NRC(O)OR′ 、—NO2
和 —NRC(O)R′ 所組成之群組;
其中R和R′可為氫、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的芳基、或取代或未取代的非芳香族雜環基;且 n 是 1 或 2。化學式 I 的化合物可包含異構物、鏡像異構物及立體異構物。
(ii)紫檀芪
紫檀芪是白藜蘆醇的多酚系衍生物,且類似NAD+
的前驅物,促進代謝健康。紫檀芪的化學結構如下所示:
在部分實施例中,活性劑為紫檀芪的衍生物、鹽類、溶劑或前驅藥,在部分實施例中,紫檀芪可與ε-葡萄素及/或白藜蘆醇取代及/或結合。
在其他部分實施例中,活性劑為具有根據化學式II的化學結構之二苯乙烯(stilbene),:或化學式 II 化學式 III 或其醫藥上可接受的鹽類,其中:
R′1
、R′2
和 R′3
可為氫、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的芳基、—C(O)R、—C(O)OR、—C(O)NHR、—C(O)NR R′ 、—S(O)n
R、—S(O)n
OR, —S(O)n
NR R′ 、—C(S)R、—C(S)OR以及—C(O)SR;
其中 R 和 R′ 可為氫、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的芳基、或取代或未取代的非芳香族雜環基;且 n 是 1 或 2。化學式 II 和化學式 III 的化合物可包含異構物、鏡像異構物及立體異構物。
B、施予途徑
在化合物的一實施例中,化合物、組合物或醫藥組合物被配製成口服遞送,換言之,為口服製劑。口服固體劑型通常以雷明頓藥物科學,第18版,1990 (Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th
Ed. 1990)(Mack Publishing Co. Easton Pa. 18042)的第89章所述的方式形成。口服固體劑型包含片劑、膠囊、丸劑、錠劑或口含錠(lozenge)、囊劑(cachets)、丸劑、粉劑、或顆粒或將材料併入至聚合化合物的微粒製劑,例如聚乳酸(polylactic acid)、聚乙醇酸(polyglycolic acid)等,或併入至脂質體。參照雷明頓藥物科學,第18版(1990, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa. 18042)第1435-1712頁所揭露,該組合物可能影響物理狀態、穩定性、體內釋出以及體內清除的速率。該組合物可以液體形式或可以乾燥粉劑(例如,凍乾(lyophilized))形式製備。脂質體封裝或類蛋白(proteinoid)封裝可用於配製組合物。脂質體封裝可被使用,並且脂質體可以各種聚合物衍生(例如,美國專利號5,013,556)。另外, 亦參照由Marshall,K.:現代藥物學由G. S. Banker 及C. T. Rhodes 所編輯的第10章,1979(Marshall, K. In: Modern Pharmaceutics Edited by G. S. Banker and C. T. Rhodes Chapter 10, 1979)。該製劑可包含胜肽 (或其化學性修飾形式 )和惰性成分,其惰性成分在胃部環境中保護化合物,且在腸道中釋出生物性活性材料。
菸鹼醯胺核苷、菸鹼醯胺、菸鹼醯胺(nicotinamide)、菸鹼酸、紫檀芪、菸鹼醯胺單核苷酸、菸鹼、ε-葡萄素、白藜蘆醇或其衍生物可化學性修飾,使得化合物的口服及/或局部遞送是有效的。預期的化學性修飾是將至少一部分附著於其組成分子,其中該部分可從胃或腸攝取進入血流、或直接地攝取進入腸黏膜。其他考慮為增加成分或複數種分的整體穩定性及增加在體內的循環時間。部分實施例中可為醫藥組合物。部分實施例中可為營養補充品。
部分實施例中提供用於口服施予的液體劑型形式,其包含醫藥上可接受的乳劑、液體、懸浮液和糖漿,其可包含含有惰性稀釋劑;佐劑,例如濕潤劑、乳化劑和懸浮劑;和甜味劑和調味劑之其他成分。
可提供控制釋出(Controlled release)口服製劑。控制釋出可包含,但不限定於,延遲釋出和 pH 依賴性釋出。在部分實施例中,菸鹼醯胺核苷和紫檀芪或其衍生物可併入至微膠囊(microcapsules)、微粒(microparticulates)、奈米顆粒等。經由包衣的使用影響活性成分(active principle)的釋出。在部分實施例中,菸鹼醯胺核苷和紫檀芪或其衍生物可併入至惰性基質,其惰性基質可藉由擴散或瀝濾機制而釋出,例如,樹膠(gum)。緩慢變性基質(Slowly degenerating matrices)也可併入至製劑中。
可提供修飾釋出(Modified release) 的口服製劑,修飾釋出可提供特定釋出曲線。
可提供延長釋出的口服製劑,延長釋出可允許在期望的時間段釋出活性成分。
用於各種釋出的製劑和相關術語之其他論述可參照Lesczek Krowczynski, 延長釋出劑型形式(Extended-Release Dosage Forms
),1987 (CRC Press,Inc.)。
在部分態樣中,控制、修飾或延長釋出的口服製劑的形式為口服施予的片劑、膠囊或微珠(microbeads)。在其他態樣中,包含期望成分的適合且有效的治療量之控制、修飾或延長釋出的口服製劑可為丸劑、粉劑、顆粒、無菌注射用溶液或懸浮液、口服溶液或懸浮液、油水乳化劑以及植入物和微囊化遞送系統(microencapsulated delivery systems)。
其他製劑可以提供控制、修飾或延長釋出的樣式(profiles)。本發明的組合物可包含常規的醫藥黏合劑、賦形劑和添加劑,當其具足夠量時,可用來控制、修飾或延長釋出。包衣劑,例如:塑化劑,可用於加強本發明的組合物的控制、修飾或延長釋出特徵。
針對口服製劑,釋出的位置可為胃、小腸(十二指腸,空腸,或迴腸)或大腸。該釋出可藉由試劑(或衍生物)的保護、或藉由在胃環境之後,例如,在腸道釋出試劑(或衍生物)來避免胃環境的有害影響。為了確保包覆在至少pH 5.0為暫時不滲透性的充分胃阻抗性為有用的。用於腸溶衣(enteric coatings)的多種通常惰性成分的例子為醋酸纖維素偏苯三甲酸酯(cellulose acetate trimellitate,CAT)、羥丙基甲基纖維素鄰苯二甲酸酯(hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate,HPMCP)、聚乙酸乙烯鄰苯二甲酸酯(polyvinyl acetate phthalate,PVAP)、聚(甲基丙烯酸 - 共 - 丙烯酸乙酯)(poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethyl acrylate))1:1、乙酸鄰苯二甲酸纖維素(cellulose acetate phthalate,CAP)、聚(甲基丙烯酸 - 共 - 甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(poly(methacylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate))1:1、聚(甲基丙烯酸 - 共 - 甲基丙烯酸甲酯)1:2和天然蟲膠樹脂(natural shellac resin)。這些包衣可用作混合膜。
(i)軟或硬凝膠膠囊
該方法利用含有菸鹼醯胺核苷核和紫檀芪或其等效物的軟膠囊的口服施予。軟膠囊可使用所屬技術領域中熟知的技術來製備。例如,軟膠囊典型為利用旋轉式軟膠囊製程(rotary die encapsulation process)製造,活性劑製劑經由重力送入封裝機。在一實施例中,該製劑包含的醫藥上的賦形劑,例如橄欖油、明膠、甘油、純水、黃蜂蠟(beeswax yellow)、向日葵卵磷脂、二氧化矽、二氧化鈦、食用色素藍色1號(F. D. & C Blue 1) 和 食用色素紅色4號(F. D. & C Red 4)、微晶纖維素、羥丙甲纖維素(hypromellose)、植物硬脂酸鎂(vegetable magnesium stearate)及/或氧化矽(silica)。
膠囊殼可包含一或多種塑化劑,例如:甘油、山梨糖醇(sorbitol)、去水山梨醇(sorbitans)、麥芽糖醇(maltitol)、甘油醇(glycerol)、聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol)、含3到6個碳原子的多元醇、檸檬酸、檸檬酸酯(citric acid esters)、檸檬酸三乙酯(triethyl citrate)和其組合。在一實施例中,該塑化劑為甘油。
除了塑化劑,膠囊殼可包含其他適合的殼添加物,例如:遮光劑(opacifiers)、著色劑、保濕劑(humectants)、防腐劑、調味劑、緩衝鹽和酸類。
遮光劑是用於當封裝的活性成分為光敏感時,不透光的膠囊殼。適當的遮光劑包含,但不限定於,二氧化鈦、氧化鋅、碳酸鈣和其組合,在一個實施例中,該遮光劑為二氧化鈦。
著色劑可用於行銷和產品標識及/或辨別的目的。適當的著色劑包含合成或天然的染劑或其組合。
保濕劑可用於抑制軟凝膠的水活性。適當的保濕劑包含甘油和山梨糖醇,其也常為塑化劑組成的成分。因為乾燥、適當地保存的軟凝膠的低水活性,而免於由黴菌或酵母之微生物的巨大風險。為此原因,防腐劑可併入至膠囊殼。適當的防腐劑包含對羥苯甲酸(p-hydroxy benzoic acid)的烷基酯類,例如:甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基和庚基(統稱為「對羥苯甲酸酯(parabens)」或其組合。
一種關於「BASIS®」的組合物包含菸作為活性成分的鹼醯胺核苷和紫檀芪。其可由微晶纖維素、羥丙甲纖維素、植物硬脂酸鎂、橄欖油、明膠、甘油、純水、黃蜂蠟、向日葵卵磷脂、二氧化矽、二氧化鈦、食用色素藍色1號和食用色素紅色4號,或單獨從植物材料製造的素食硬膠囊。任何實施例中可包含微晶纖維素、羥丙甲纖維素、植物硬脂酸鎂及/或氧化矽。
包含於所揭露的製劑的其他醫藥上的賦形劑包含乙醯基-L-肉鹼(acetyl-L-carnitine) 、N-乙醯半胱胺酸(N-acetyl cysteine)、α-硫辛酸(α-lipoic acid)、生物素(biotin)、維生素B6、維生素B12、葉酸(folic acid)、白藜蘆醇、長春西汀(vinpocetine)、吡啶甲酸鉻(chromium picolinate)、維生素D3、柚苷(naringin)、檞皮素、和肌酸(creatine)。
(ii)溶液和懸浮液
該方法可包含使用組合物,其以活性劑溶於(例如,溶液)或分散於(例如,懸浮液) 組合物的液體作為施予方式。該溶液或懸浮液可使用一種或多種醫藥上可接受的賦形劑來製備。適當的賦形劑包含,但不限定於,界面活性劑(surfactants)、保濕劑、塑化劑、結晶抑制劑、濕潤劑、容積填充劑(bulk filling agents)、助溶劑、生體可用率增強劑(bioavailability enhancers)、酸鹼值調節劑(pH adjusting agents)、調味劑和其組合。
(iii) 控制遞送的聚合基質(Polymeric Matrices)
控制釋出的聚合裝置的可在聚合裝置 (桿、圓筒、膜、盤) 、注射或口服(微粒)的植入之後作為用於長期的全身性釋出。該基質可以微顆粒的形式,例如:微球體(microspheres),其中胜肽分散在固體聚合基質或微膠囊中,其中核心為不同於聚合殼的材料,而且胜肽分散或懸浮在核心中,其中核心在自然情況下可為液體或固體。除非在本文中具體定義,微顆粒、微球體,和微膠囊可互換使用。聚合物可能成形為薄片(thin slab)或薄膜,範圍從奈米到四公分,由研磨或其他標準製程製造的粉劑,或甚至為凝膠,例如:水凝膠。
雖然生物降解的基質存在於部分實施例中,但非生物可降解或生物可降解的基質可用於遞送已揭露的化合物。儘管合成聚合物可用在部分實施方案中的降解和釋出曲線的特徵,但其可為天然或合成的聚合物。聚合物是依據期望釋出的期間而選擇。在部分情況中,雖然脈衝釋出(pulse release)或「分散釋出(bulk release)」可提供更有效的結果,但線性釋出可最常使用。聚合物可以水凝膠的形式 ( 通常為吸收至約90重量%的水 ),而且可選擇性與多價離子或聚合物交聯。
該基質可藉由溶劑的蒸發、噴霧乾燥、溶劑萃取和其他所屬技術領域熟知的其他方法來形成。生物溶蝕性(Bioerodible)的微球體可使用用於製造藥物遞送的微球體所發展的任何方法來製備,例如,由Mathiowitz和Langer,控制釋放雜誌(J. Controlled Release
) 5:13-22 (1987);Mathiowitz等人,反應聚合物(Reactive Polymers
) 6:275-283 (1987);以及Mathiowitz等人,應用聚合物科學雜誌(J. Appl. Polymer Sci. )
35:755-774 (1988) 所述。
該裝置可被製備用於局部釋出,以治療植入或注射的區域,其通常將遞送比治療全身或全身性遞送還少的劑量。其可植入或皮下注射至肌肉、脂肪或以口服方式。
C、劑量與劑量方案
特定治療上有效劑量的選擇可由( 例如,經由臨床試驗 )可由所屬技術領域具有通常知識者基於所屬技術領域具有通常知識者已知的各種因素的考量來定義。該因素包含疾病的治療或預防、其包含的症狀、個體體重、個體的免疫狀態和所屬技術領域具有通常知識者所知的其他因素。該製劑中使用的精確劑量亦將根據施予途徑和疾病相關的消耗的嚴重性以及應根據從業者的判斷和每個個體的狀況而決定。有效劑量可由體外或動物模式測試系統所導出的劑量反應曲線外推。
施予例如人類的個體之活性化合物的劑量為相當廣泛可變的而且可進行獨立判斷。通常為實際在一天的不同時間點施予活性化合物的每日劑量。活性化合物施予的量可依據例如,活性成分的可溶性、使用的製劑、個體狀態(例如,體重)及/或施予途徑之因素。
單獨口服施予菸鹼醯胺核苷或其等效物或與紫檀芪及其等效物結合的治療上有效量的通常範圍為每天介於約50mg至約1500mg之間、介於約100mg至約1500mg之間、介於約100mg至約1000mg之間、介於約125mg至約900mg之間、介於約150mg至約850mg之間、介於約200mg至約700mg之間、介於約200mg至約500mg之間、每日約約250mg、介於約1000mg至約1500mg之間或每日250mg的量。
單獨口服施予紫檀芪或其等效物或與菸鹼醯胺核苷及其等效物結合的治療上有效量的通常範圍為每天介於約25mg至約1000mg之間、介於約100mg至約1000mg之間、介於約25mg至約500mg之間、介於約25mg至約250mg之間、介於30mg至約225mg之間、介於約40mg至約200mg之間、介於約45mg至約250mg之間、每日約50mg或每日50mg的量。在一個實施例中,包含菸鹼醯胺核苷和紫檀芪之該化合物、組合物或醫藥組合物製備成口服製劑。
在部分實施例中,組合物可以數天、數週、數月的劑量方案施予。劑量可一天多次或每日單劑量(singular doses)。當劑量為數天、數週或數月施予時,各劑量可為不同劑量。在劑量方案期間的劑量可根據如本文所揭露之量及範圍而改變。
III、使用方法
如本文所述的部分組合物和方法可具有對皮膚的有益影響。如本文所述的部分組合物和方法可治療及/或預防皮膚疾病。如本文所述的部分組合物可為口服組合物,以提供治療及/或預防皮膚疾病的口服製劑。如本文所述的部分組合物和方法可改善及/或維持皮膚的外形美觀。在任何實施例中,組合物可治療及/或預防皮膚疾病,但可治療或可不治療酒渣(rosacea),如申請專利範圍中所揭示。
皮膚疾病的治療包含,但不限定於,由太陽曝曬、發炎和自體免疫疾病造成的疾病。治療的皮膚疾病可排除或可不排除酒渣,如申請專利範圍中所揭示。治療的皮膚疾病可包含或可不包含紅斑血管擴張型酒渣(erythematotelangiectatic rosacea)、毛細血管擴張、丘疹膿疱型酒渣(papulopustular rosacea)及/或皮膚腫塊型酒渣(phymatous rosacea),如申請專利範圍所揭示。
(i)太陽曝曬相關的皮膚疾病
以所述的組合物和方法治療之太陽曝曬相關的皮膚疾病包含,但不限定於,光化性角化病(actinic keratosis)、棕斑(lentigins)或老年斑、脂漏性角化症(seborrheic keratosis)、曬傷、光敏感性、黑痣(moles)、多形性日光疹(polymorphous light eruption)、日光性彈性纖維變性(solar elastosis)或皺紋、皮膚癌(例如,黑色素瘤、鱗狀細胞癌(squamous cell carcinoma)、基底細胞癌(basal cell carcinoma))和斑點(freckles)。
(ii)發炎性皮膚疾病
以所述的組合物和方法治療之發炎性皮膚疾病包含,但不限定於,牛皮癬、接觸性皮膚炎、異位性皮膚炎(atopic dermatitis)、脂溢性皮膚炎(seborrheic dermatitis)、乾裂性濕疹(asteatotic eczema)、前臂盤狀濕疹(discoid eczema)、手部濕疹、重力/靜脈曲張性濕疹(gravitational/varicose eczema)、濕疹型藥疹(eczematous drug eruptions)、單純性苔癬(lichen simplex)、痤瘡、扁平苔癬(lichen planus)、苔蘚狀糠疹(pityriasis lichenoides)、慢性苔蘚樣角化病(keratosis lichenoides chronica)、光澤苔癬(lichen nitidus)、線狀苔癬(lichen striatus)、蕈狀肉芽腫(mycosis fungoides)、紅皮症(erythroderma)、多形性紅斑、史帝芬-強生症候群(Stevens–Johnson Syndrome)、血管炎和中毒性表皮壞死症(toxic epidermal necrolysis)。
(iii)自體免疫皮膚疾病
以所述的組合物和方法治療之自體免疫皮膚疾病包含,但不限定於,壞疽性膿皮病(pyoderma gangrenosum)、全身性紅斑狼瘡(systemic lupus erythematosus)、嗜伊紅球性筋膜炎(eosinophilic fasciitis)、硬皮症(scleroderma)、尋常性天疱瘡(pemphigus vulgaris)、大水疱性類天疱瘡(bullous pemphigoid)、斑禿(alopecia areata)、白斑症(vitiligo)、牛皮癬、皮肌炎(dermatomyositis)、失養性水疱性表皮鬆解症(dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa)。
本發明將藉由參考以下非限制性實例來進一步理解。
實例
實例1: 例示性組合物
材料:一種組合物為購得自Elysium Health的「BASIS®」產品。
表1
BASIS®進一步包含以下醫藥賦形劑:微晶纖維素、羥丙甲纖維素、植物硬脂酸鎂、橄欖油、明膠、甘油、純水、黃蜂蠟、向日葵卵磷脂、二氧化矽、二氧化鈦、食用色素藍色1號和食用色素紅色4號。任何實施例可包含微晶纖維素、羥丙甲纖維素、植物硬脂酸鎂及/或氧化矽。
除非另有定義,本文中所用的所有技術和科學術語具有如本發明所屬技術領域中具通常知識者所通常理解的涵義相同。本文所引用的出版物及其材料皆具體引入以作為參考。
所屬技術領域中具通常知識者僅利用常規實驗、各種等效物即可認識或確認本文所述的發明具體實施例。該等效物意圖由下列發明申請範圍中所涵蓋。
雖然上述說明是針對本發明的較佳實施例,但將注意的是,變化及修改對於所屬技術領域中具通常知識者而言將為顯而易見的,且可在不脫離本發明的精神或範疇下進行。此外,即使在上述沒有明確說明,與本發明的一實施例相關的所述特徵可與其他實施例結合使用。
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Claims (23)
- 一種組合物,其包含: (i)治療上有效量的菸鹼醯胺核苷和治療上有效量的紫檀芪之一結合物;以及 (ii)一醫藥上可接受的賦形劑, 其中,該結合物係為用於治療皮膚疾病的治療上有效量。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之組合物,其中該菸鹼醯胺核苷的治療上有效量為每日約100mg至約1000mg之間,以及該紫檀芪的治療上有效量為每日約25mg至約500mg之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之組合物,其中該菸鹼醯胺核苷的治療上有效量為每日約200mg至約700mg之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之組合物,其中該菸鹼醯胺核苷的治療上有效量為每日約50mg至約250mg之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之組合物,其中該紫檀芪的治療上有效量為每日約50mg。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之組合物,其中該皮膚疾病係由發炎、太陽曝曬、自體免疫疾病或其組合所造成。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之組合物,其中由太陽曝曬所造成之該皮膚疾病係選自由光化性角化症、棕斑或老年斑、脂溢性角化症、曬傷、光敏感性、黑痣、多形式日光疹、日光性彈性纖維變性或皺紋、皮膚癌(例如,黑色素瘤、鱗狀細胞癌、基底細胞癌)以及雀斑所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之組合物,其中由發炎所造成之該皮膚疾病係選自由牛皮癬、接觸性皮膚炎、異位性皮膚炎、脂溢性皮膚炎、乾裂性濕疹、前臂盤狀濕疹、手部濕疹、重力/靜脈曲張性濕疹、濕疹型藥疹、單純性苔癬、痤瘡、扁平苔癬、苔蘚狀糠疹、慢性苔蘚樣角化病、光澤苔癬、線狀苔癬、蕈狀肉芽腫、紅皮症、多形性紅斑、史帝芬-強生症候群、血管炎和中毒性表皮壞死症所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之組合物,其中由自體免疫疾病所造成之該皮膚疾病係選自由壞疽性膿皮病、全身性紅斑狼瘡、嗜伊紅球性筋膜炎、硬皮症、尋常性天疱瘡、大水疱性類天疱瘡、斑禿、白斑症、牛皮癬、皮肌炎和失養性水疱性表皮鬆解症所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之組合物,其中該醫藥上可接受的賦形劑係選自由微晶纖維素、羥丙甲纖維素、植物硬脂酸鎂、橄欖油、明膠、甘油、純水、黃蜂蠟、向日葵卵磷脂、二氧化矽、二氧化鈦、食用色素藍色1號和食用色素紅色4號所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之組合物,其中該組合物係為口服施予。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之組合物,其中該組合物係以每日一次來施予。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之組合物,其中該組合物係以每日兩次來施予。
- 一種對需要治療的患者治療皮膚疾病之方法,其包含施予治療上有效量的菸鹼醯胺核苷和治療上有效量的紫檀芪的組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項所述之方法,其中該菸鹼醯胺核苷的治療上有效量為每日約100mg至約1000mg之間,以及該紫檀芪的治療上有效量為每日約25mg至約250mg之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項所述之方法,其中該菸鹼醯胺核苷的治療上有效量為每日約200mg至700mg之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項所述之方法,其中該菸鹼醯胺核苷的治療上有效量為每日約250mg。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項所述之方法,其中該紫檀芪的治療上有效量為每日約50mg。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項所述之方法,其中該皮膚疾病係由太陽曝曬、發炎、自體免疫疾病或其組合所造成。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項所述之方法,其中由太陽曝曬所造成之該皮膚疾病係選自由光化性角化症、棕斑或老年斑、脂溢性角化症、曬傷、光敏感性、黑痣、多形式日光疹、日光性彈性纖維變性或皺紋、皮膚癌(例如,黑色素瘤、鱗狀細胞癌、基底細胞癌) 以及雀斑所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項所述之方法,其中由發炎所造成之該皮膚疾病係選自由牛皮癬、接觸性皮膚炎、異位性皮膚炎、脂溢性皮膚炎、乾裂性濕疹、前臂盤狀濕疹、手部濕疹、重力/靜脈曲張性濕疹、濕疹型藥疹、單純性苔癬、痤瘡、扁平苔癬、苔蘚狀糠疹、慢性苔蘚樣角化病、光澤苔癬、線狀苔癬、蕈狀肉芽腫、紅皮症、多形性紅斑、史帝芬-強生症候群、血管炎和中毒性表皮壞死症所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項所述之方法,其中由自體免疫疾病所造成之該皮膚疾病係選自由壞疽性膿皮病、全身性紅斑狼瘡、嗜伊紅球性筋膜炎、硬皮症、尋常性天疱瘡、大水疱性類天疱瘡、斑禿、白斑症、牛皮癬、皮肌炎和失養性水疱性表皮鬆解症所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項所述之方法,其中醫藥上可接受的賦形劑係選自由微晶纖維素、羥丙甲纖維素、植物硬脂酸鎂、橄欖油、明膠、甘油、純水、黃蜂蠟、向日葵卵磷脂、二氧化矽、二氧化鈦、食用色素藍色1號和 食用色素紅色4號所組成之群組。
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AU2016274126A1 (en) | 2015-06-10 | 2018-01-18 | Elysium Health, Inc. | Nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene compositions and methods for treatment of skin disorders |
WO2018133139A1 (zh) | 2017-01-21 | 2018-07-26 | 宁波知明生物科技有限公司 | 芍药苷-6'-o-苯磺酸酯在治疗干燥综合征的应用 |
CN110769834A (zh) | 2017-03-17 | 2020-02-07 | 益力舒健康公司 | 用于治疗或预防肝损伤的烟酰胺核苷 |
US11129843B2 (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2021-09-28 | Elysium Health, Inc. | Treating and preventing kidney damage |
JP7143402B2 (ja) | 2017-05-17 | 2022-09-28 | ウニベルシタ デ バレンシア-エストゥディ ヘネラル | ニコチンアミドリボシドを使用する運動ニューロン疾患の治療及び予防 |
CN111093676A (zh) * | 2017-05-18 | 2020-05-01 | 益力舒健康公司 | 改善睡眠的方法和组合物 |
CN111542312A (zh) | 2017-07-28 | 2020-08-14 | 老龄化控制中心股份公司 | 预防和逆转衰老方面的组合物和方法 |
CN109589309A (zh) * | 2017-09-30 | 2019-04-09 | 浙江嘉华化工有限公司 | 烟酰胺核糖微囊的制备方法 |
CN111601814A (zh) * | 2017-10-19 | 2020-08-28 | 益力舒健康公司 | Tdp-43相关疾病的预防和治疗 |
WO2019108875A1 (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2019-06-06 | Elysium Health, Inc. | Methods and compositions for treating glaucoma |
US20210186996A1 (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2021-06-24 | Elysium Health, Inc. | Methods and compositions for treating multiple sclerosis |
GB201811312D0 (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2018-08-29 | Nuchido Ltd | Compositions |
KR20210065120A (ko) | 2018-09-25 | 2021-06-03 | 폰세 드 리온 헬스 데지그네이티드 액티비티 컴퍼니 | 칼슘 알파-케토글루타레이트의 제조 방법 |
CN111569084B (zh) * | 2019-02-19 | 2021-07-13 | 中国科学院上海药物研究所 | 基于柳胺酚和紫檀芪的成环偶联分子dcz0801类化合物、其制备方法及用途 |
JP2022524930A (ja) * | 2019-02-26 | 2022-05-11 | ウニベルシタット デ バレンシア―エストゥディ ジェネラル | 運動ニューロン疾患を処置するための方法及び組成物 |
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CN113712193A (zh) * | 2020-05-25 | 2021-11-30 | 南京帝昌医药科技有限公司 | 修复皮肤系统的组合物制备方法及其用途 |
CN113768946A (zh) * | 2020-05-25 | 2021-12-10 | 南京帝昌医药科技有限公司 | 一种治疗糖尿病皮肤并发症的软膏及其制备方法 |
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US11426398B2 (en) | 2022-08-30 |
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