TW201610038A - 電荷輸送性塗料 - Google Patents
電荷輸送性塗料 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201610038A TW201610038A TW104116490A TW104116490A TW201610038A TW 201610038 A TW201610038 A TW 201610038A TW 104116490 A TW104116490 A TW 104116490A TW 104116490 A TW104116490 A TW 104116490A TW 201610038 A TW201610038 A TW 201610038A
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- Prior art keywords
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- carbon atoms
- substituted
- charge transporting
- halogen atom
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- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- -1 organosilane compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 182
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butylhexane Natural products CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005017 substituted alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002490 anilino group Chemical class [H]N(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 66
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 25
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 19
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
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- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 8
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
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- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
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- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FSEXLNMNADBYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=CC=C2)C2=N1 FSEXLNMNADBYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GDDJLKLSPDBRJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(=O)CS GDDJLKLSPDBRJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)O ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
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- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-benzoquinone Natural products O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- YAYGSLOSTXKUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(2+) Chemical compound [Ru+2] YAYGSLOSTXKUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
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- HZNVUJQVZSTENZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical class ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(C#N)=C(C#N)C1=O HZNVUJQVZSTENZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RICKKZXCGCSLIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[carboxymethyl-[[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]ethyl-[[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]acetic acid Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CN(CCN(CC(O)=O)CC=2C(=C(C)N=CC=2CO)O)CC(O)=O)=C1O RICKKZXCGCSLIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MOGTVLAYAVGOJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1h-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]pyridine Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=NNC(C=2N=CC=CC=2)=N1 MOGTVLAYAVGOJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[4-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)phenyl]carbazole Chemical group C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFVXQDWNSAGPHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K bis[(2-methylquinolin-8-yl)oxy]-(4-phenylphenoxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CC=C([O-])C2=NC(C)=CC=C21.C1=CC=C([O-])C2=NC(C)=CC=C21.C1=CC([O-])=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 UFVXQDWNSAGPHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- HASCQPSFPAKVEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(phenyl)phosphine Chemical compound CP(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 HASCQPSFPAKVEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 125000000040 m-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
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- WJMXTYZCTXTFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetraethoxydecane Chemical compound C(C)OC(C(OCC)(OCC)OCC)CCCCCCCC WJMXTYZCTXTFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DQGPWNBGAYGUPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-4-(trimethoxymethyl)dodecane Chemical compound FC(CCC(C(OC)(OC)OC)CCCCCCCC)(F)F DQGPWNBGAYGUPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)C(CN1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- ARUKYTASOALXFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptylcycloheptane Chemical group C1CCCCCC1C1CCCCCC1 ARUKYTASOALXFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NLUNLVTVUDIHFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclooctylcyclooctane Chemical group C1CCCCCCC1C1CCCCCCC1 NLUNLVTVUDIHFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004410 cyclooctyloxy group Chemical group C1(CCCCCCC1)O* 0.000 description 1
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- MAWOHFOSAIXURX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentylcyclopentane Chemical group C1CCCC1C1CCCC1 MAWOHFOSAIXURX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001887 cyclopentyloxy group Chemical group C1(CCCC1)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004772 dichloromethyl group Chemical group [H]C(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- 229940019778 diethylene glycol diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCCOCCO XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CJMZLCRLBNZJQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-amino-4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiophene-3-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=C(N)SC=C1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 CJMZLCRLBNZJQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ITIDSNKGTOBPBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxy-phenyl-sulfanyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound OP(S)(=S)C1=CC=CC=C1 ITIDSNKGTOBPBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002052 molecular layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- YPJRZWDWVBNDIW-MBALSZOMSA-N n,n-diphenyl-4-[(e)-2-[4-[4-[(e)-2-[4-(n-phenylanilino)phenyl]ethenyl]phenyl]phenyl]ethenyl]aniline Chemical group C=1C=C(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1/C=C/C(C=C1)=CC=C1C(C=C1)=CC=C1\C=C\C(C=C1)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 YPJRZWDWVBNDIW-MBALSZOMSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZJFKMIYGRJGWIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[3-methyl-4-[2-methyl-4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)=CC=C1C(C(=C1)C)=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZJFKMIYGRJGWIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLTPAQDLCMKBIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(dinaphthalen-1-ylamino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-naphthalen-1-ylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N(C=3C=CC(=CC=3)C=3C=CC(=CC=3)N(C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=3)C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=3)C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=3)=CC=CC2=C1 CLTPAQDLCMKBIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKCGXXHCELUCKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(dinaphthalen-2-ylamino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-naphthalen-2-ylnaphthalen-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(N(C=3C=CC(=CC=3)C=3C=CC(=CC=3)N(C=3C=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=3)C=3C=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=3)C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3)=CC=C21 QKCGXXHCELUCKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLFVVZKSHYCRDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-2-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C3C=CC=CC3=CC=2)C=C1 BLFVVZKSHYCRDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001298 n-hexoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- RYZPDEZIQWOVPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-naphthalen-1-yl-n-[4-[4-[naphthalen-1-yl(naphthalen-2-yl)amino]phenyl]phenyl]naphthalen-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N(C=3C=CC(=CC=3)C=3C=CC(=CC=3)N(C=3C=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=3)C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=3)C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3)=CC=CC2=C1 RYZPDEZIQWOVPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006608 n-octyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003935 n-pentoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
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- KVBGVZZKJNLNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C21 KVBGVZZKJNLNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004971 nitroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004999 nitroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005246 nonafluorobutyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
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- CDXVUROVRIFQMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(diphenoxy)phosphanium Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1O[P+](=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 CDXVUROVRIFQMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003854 p-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl 0.000 description 1
- 125000000636 p-nitrophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)[N+]([O-])=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005007 perfluorooctyl group Chemical group FC(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxomolybdenum Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBCUTHMOOONNBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentafluoride Chemical compound FP(F)(F)(F)F OBCUTHMOOONNBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPEVHDGLPIIAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(3+) Chemical compound [Ru+3] BPEVHDGLPIIAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007613 slurry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FVRNDBHWWSPNOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Sr+2] FVRNDBHWWSPNOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001637 strontium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003458 sulfonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoquinodimethane Chemical compound N#CC(C#N)=C1C=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1 PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003866 trichloromethyl group Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L tungstic acid Chemical compound O[W](O)(=O)=O CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTPBWAPZAJWXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound [Zn+2].C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 HTPBWAPZAJWXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
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Abstract
本發明藉由使用電荷輸送性塗料,而獲得具有高平坦性且高電荷輸送性,且應用於有機EL元件中時可實現優異之亮度特性之薄膜,該電荷輸送性塗料包含電荷輸送性物質、由預先使烷氧基矽烷化合物水解縮合而調製之重量平均分子量500~10000之聚合物所成之有機矽烷化合物、與有機溶劑,烷氧基矽烷化合物包含由以式(1-1)及(1-2)表示之烷氧基矽烷化合物選出之至少一種。
SiR1(OR2)3 (1-1)
SiR12(OR2)2 (1-2)
(R1各自獨立表示經Z1取代之碳數1-20之烷基等,R2各自獨立表示可經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基,且Z1及Z3表示鹵原子等)。
Description
本發明係關於電荷輸送性塗料,若更詳述則係關於調配使特定之烷氧基矽烷化合物水解縮合而得之有機矽烷化合物的電荷輸送性塗料。
有機電致發光(EL)元件由於期待在顯示器或照明等領域中實用化,故近年來,為了低電壓驅動、高亮度、高壽命等之目的,已進行與材料或元件構造有關之各種開發。
該有機EL元件中,基於提高性能之觀點而使用複數之功能性薄膜,其中電洞注入層或電洞輸送層由於擔任陽極與發光層之電荷授受,而於用以達成有機EL元件之電壓驅動之降低及亮度提高中扮演重要功能。
該電洞注入層或電洞輸送層之形成方法大致分成以蒸鍍法為代表之乾式製程與以旋塗法為代表之濕式製程,但若比較該等製程,則濕式製程由於可有效率地製造大面積且平坦性高的薄膜,故尤其在顯示器領域中充分使用濕式製程。
於要求提高有機EL元件性能之現今,關於電洞注入層或電洞輸送層用之濕式製程材料經常被要求改善,尤其,因為可助於有機EL元件之亮度特性或壽命特性之提高,而對於能獲得平坦性優異之電荷輸送性薄膜之材料之期望益發提高。
[專利文獻1]日本特開2003-045667號公報
[專利文獻2]日本特開2007-169593號公報
本發明係有鑑於上述問題而完成者,其目的係提供一種電荷輸送性塗料,其可獲得具有高平坦性且高電荷輸送性,且應用於有機EL元件中時可實現優異之亮度特性之薄膜。
本發明人等為達成上述上述目的而重複積極檢討之結果,發現包含電荷輸送性物質、有機溶劑,進而包含特定之有機矽烷化合物之電荷輸送性塗料可獲得高平坦性及高電荷輸送性之薄膜,同時發現該薄膜使用於有機EL元件時,可實現優異之亮度特性,因而完成本發明。
又,已報導藉由於含聚苯乙烯磺酸或聚苯胺等導電性聚合物之組成物中包含縮水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷或特定之矽氧烷系物質,可提高具備由該組成物獲得之薄膜之有機EL元件之亮度特性或壽命(參照專利文獻1、2),但關於本發明中所用之包含有機矽烷化合物之電荷輸送性塗料則未報導。
亦即,本發明係提供如下。
1.一種電荷輸送性塗料,其特徵係包含電荷輸送性物質、有機矽烷化合物、與有機溶劑,前述有機矽烷化合物為預先使烷氧基矽烷化合物水解縮合而調製之重量平均分子量500~10000之聚合物,前述烷氧基矽烷化合物包含由以式(1-1)及(1-2)表示之烷氧基矽烷化合物選出之至少一種,SiR1(OR2)3 (1-1) SiR1 2(OR2)2 (1-2)(式中,R1各自獨立表示經Z1取代之碳數1-20之烷基,或經Z2取代之碳數6~20之芳基,R2各自獨立表示可經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基,且Z1表示鹵原子、氰基、硝基、經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷氧基、經Z3取代之碳數6~20之芳基、或經Z3取代之碳數2~20之雜芳基,Z2表示鹵原子、氰基、硝基、或經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基,Z3表示鹵原子、氰基、或硝基)。
2.如1項之電荷輸送性塗料,其中前述烷氧基矽烷化合物包含以前述式(1-1)及式(1-2)表示之烷氧基矽烷化
合物選出之至少一種,與由以式(2-1)~(2-3)表示之烷氧基矽烷化合物選出之至少一種,Si(OR3)4 (2-1) SiR4 2(OR3)2 (2-2) SiR4(OR3)3 (2-3)(式中,R3各自獨立表示可經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基,R4各自獨立表示碳數1~20之烷基、可經Z4取代之碳數2~20之烯基、可經Z4取代之碳數2~20之炔基、碳數6~20之芳基、或可經Z5取代之碳數2~20之雜芳基,Z3表示與前述相同意義,Z4表示鹵原子、硝基、氰基、羥基、硫醇基、可經Z6取代之碳數6~20之芳基、或可經Z6取代之碳數2~20之雜芳基,Z5表示鹵原子、硝基、氰基、羥基、硫醇基、可經Z6取代之碳數1~20之烷基、可經Z6取代之碳數1~20之烯基、或可經Z6取代之碳數1~20之炔基,Z6表示鹵原子、硝基、氰基、羥基、或硫醇基)。
3.如1或2項之電荷輸送性塗料,其中前述烷氧基矽烷化合物包含以前述式(1-1)表示之烷氧基矽烷化合物、與以前述式(2-1)表示之烷氧基矽烷化合物。
4.如1~3項中任一項之電荷輸送性塗料,其中前述電荷輸送性物質為苯胺衍生物。
5.一種電荷輸送性薄膜,其係使用如1~4項中任一項之電荷輸送性塗料製作而成。
6.一種有機電致發光元件,其具有如5項之電荷輸送性薄膜。
7.如6項之有機電致發光元件,其中前述電荷輸送性薄膜為電洞注入層或電洞輸送層。
8.一種電荷輸送性薄膜之製造方法,其特徵係將如1~4項中任一項之電荷輸送性塗料塗佈於基材上,且使溶劑蒸發。
9.一種有機電致發光元件之製造方法,其特徵係使用如5項之電荷輸送性薄膜。
10.一種電荷輸送性薄膜之離子化電位深化方法,其係由包含電荷輸送性物質與有機溶劑之電荷輸送性塗料獲得之電荷輸送性薄膜之離子化電位深化方法,其特徵為於前述電荷輸送性塗料中添加使包含由以式(1-1)及(1-2)表示之烷氧基矽烷化合物選出之至少一種之烷氧基矽烷化合物水解縮合而調製之重量平均分子量500~10000之聚合物,SiR1(OR2)3 (1-1) SiR1 2(OR2)2 (1-2)(式中,R1各自獨立表示經Z1取代之碳數1-20之烷基,或經Z2取代之碳數6~20之芳基,R2各自獨立表示可經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基,且Z1表示鹵原子、氰基、硝基、經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷氧基、經Z3取代之碳數6~20之芳基、或經Z3取代之碳數2~20之雜芳基,Z2表示鹵原子、氰基、硝基、或經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基,Z3表示鹵原子、氰基、或硝基)。
11.一種電荷輸送性薄膜之離子化電位深化方法,其
係包含電荷輸送性物質之電荷輸送性薄膜之離子化電位深化方法,其特徵為於前述電荷輸送性薄膜製作時,與前述電荷輸送性物質一起使用使包含由以式(1-1)及(1-2)表示之烷氧基矽烷化合物選出之至少一種之烷氧基矽烷化合物水解縮合而調製之重量平均分子量500~10000之聚合物,並於前述電荷輸送性薄膜內導入前述聚合物,SiR1(OR2)3 (1-1) SiR1 2(OR2)2 (1-2)(式中,R1各自獨立表示經Z1取代之碳數1-20之烷基,或經Z2取代之碳數6~20之芳基,R2各自獨立表示可經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基,且Z1表示鹵原子、氰基、硝基、經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷氧基、經Z3取代之碳數6~20之芳基、或經Z3取代之碳數2~20之雜芳基,Z2表示鹵原子、氰基、硝基、或經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基,Z3表示鹵原子、氰基、或硝基)。
藉由使用本發明之電荷輸送性塗料,可藉由各種濕式製程再現性良好的獲得平坦性良好之電荷輸送性薄膜。
又,本發明之電荷輸送性塗料由於包含特定之有機矽烷化合物,與不含其之塗料之情況比較,所得薄膜之離子化電位較深,其結果,可成為該薄膜與其所鄰接之陰極側之功能性薄膜之間之電荷輸送之障壁被減低者。
藉由於有機EL元件之電洞注入層或電洞輸送層,較佳於電洞輸送層中適用該平坦性良好且具有適宜離子化電位之本發明之電荷輸送性薄膜,可實現元件之亮度特性之提升。
又,本發明之電荷輸送性塗料即使使用旋塗法或狹縫塗佈法等可大面積成膜之各種濕式製程時,仍可再現性良好的製造電荷輸送性優異之薄膜,故亦可充分對應於近年之有機EL元件領域中之進展。
又,本發明之電荷輸送性薄膜亦可期待應用於電容電極保護膜、抗靜電膜、有機薄膜太陽能電池之陽極緩衝層等。
以下,針對本發明更詳細加以說明。
本發明之電荷輸送性塗料包含電荷輸送性物質、由預先使烷氧基矽烷化合物水解縮合而調製之重量平均分子量500~10000之聚合物所成之有機矽烷化合物、與有機溶劑,上述矽烷化合物為包含自式(1-1)及(1-2)表示之烷氧基矽烷化合物選出之至少一種者,但考慮進一步提高聚合物之分子量時,較好為含式(1-1)表示之三烷氧基矽烷化合物者。
SiR1(OR2)3 (1-1)
SiR1 2(OR2)2 (1-2)
此處,R1各自獨立表示經Z1取代之碳數1-20
之烷基,或經Z2取代之碳數6~20之芳基,R2各自獨立表示可經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基,且Z1表示鹵原子、氰基、硝基、經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷氧基、經Z3取代之碳數6~20之芳基、或經Z3取代之碳數2~20之雜芳基,Z2表示鹵原子、氰基、硝基、或經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基,Z3表示鹵原子、氰基、或硝基。
鹵原子列舉為氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子等。
碳數1~20之烷基可為直鏈狀、分支鏈狀、環狀之任一種,列舉為例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、正戊基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基等碳數1~20之直鏈或分支鏈狀烷基;環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環庚基、環辛基、環壬基、環癸基、雙環丁基、雙環戊基、雙環己基、雙環庚基、雙環辛基、雙環壬基、雙環癸基等碳數3~20之環狀烷基等。
碳數1~20之烷氧基之具體例列舉為例如甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、異丁氧基、第二丁氧基、第三丁氧基、正戊氧基、正己氧基、正庚氧基、正辛氧基、正壬氧基、正癸氧基等碳數1~20之直鏈或分支鏈狀烷基;環丙氧基、環丁氧基、環戊氧基、環己氧基、環庚氧基、環辛氧基、環壬氧基、環癸氧基等碳數3~20之環狀烷基等。
碳數6~20之芳基之具體例列舉為苯基、1-萘
基、2-萘基、1-蒽基、2-蒽基、9-蒽基、1-菲基、2-菲基、3-菲基、4-菲基、9-菲基等。
碳數2~20之雜芳基之具體例列舉為2-噻吩基、3-噻吩基、2-呋喃基、3-呋喃基、2-噁唑基、4-噁唑基、5-噁唑基、3-異噁唑基、4-異噁唑基、5-異噁唑基、2-噻唑基、4-噻唑基、5-噻唑基、3-異噻唑基、4-異噻唑基、5-異噻唑基、2-咪唑基、4-咪唑基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基等。
R1及R2中,烷基之碳數較好為10以下,更好為6以下,又更好為4以下。
又,芳基及雜芳基之碳數較好為14以下,更好為10以下,又更好為6以下。
Z1及Z2較好為鹵原子,最好為氟原子,Z3較好係在R2中不存在(亦即,未經取代),在Z1及Z2中較好為鹵原子,最好為氟原子。
經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基列舉為以Z3取代上述碳數1~20之烷基中之至少1個氫原子者,其具體例列舉為氯甲基、二氯甲基、三氯甲基、溴甲基、二溴甲基、三溴甲基、氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、2,2,2-三氯乙基、五氯乙基、2,2,2-三溴乙基、五溴乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、五氟乙基、3,3,3-三氯丙基、2,2,3,3-四氯丙基、2,2,3,3,3-五氯丙基、七氯丙基、七氯異丙基、3,3,3-三溴丙基、2,2,3,3-四溴丙基、2,2,3,3,3-五溴丙基、七溴丙基、七溴異丙基、3,3,3-三氟丙基、2,2,3,3-四氟丙基、
2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙基、七氟丙基、七氟異丙基、2,2,2-三氯-1-(三氯甲基)乙基、2,2,2-三溴-1-(三溴甲基)乙基、2,2,2-三氟-1-(三氟甲基)乙基、4,4,4-三氯丁基、九氯丁基、4,4,4-三溴丁基、九溴丁基、4,4,4-三氟丁基、九氟丁基、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-八氯戊基、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-九氯戊基、十一氯戊基、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-八溴戊基、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-九溴戊基、十一溴戊基、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-八氟戊基、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-九氟戊基、十一氟戊基、3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-九氯己基、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-十氯己基、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-十一氯己基、十三氯己基、3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-九溴己基、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-十溴己基、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-十一溴己基、十三溴己基、3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-九氟己基、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-十氟己基、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-十一氟己基、十三氟己基、十三氯-1,1,2,2-四氫辛基、全氯辛基、十三溴-1,1,2,2-四氫辛基、全溴辛基、十三氟-1,1,2,2-四氫辛基、全氟辛基、十七氯-1,1,2,2-四氫癸基、十七溴-1,1,2,2-四氫癸基、十七氟-1,1,2,2-四氫癸基等鹵化烷基;氰基甲基、2-氰基乙基、3-氰基丙基、4-氰基丁基等氰基烷基;硝基甲基、2-硝基乙基、3-硝基丙基、4-硝基丁基等硝基烷基等,但以鹵化烷基較佳,更佳為氟化烷基。
經Z1取代之碳數1~20之烷基列舉為以Z1取代上述碳數1~20之烷基中之至少1個氫原子者,其具體例除上述經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基所例示之基以外,
列舉為3-(七氟異丙氧基)丙基、4-三氟甲基苯基甲基等,該情況下,亦較好為以具有鹵原子之烷氧基、芳基或雜芳基取代之烷基,更好為以具有氟原子之烷氧基、芳基、或雜芳基取代之烷基。
經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷氧基之具體例列舉為可自具有上述經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基之醇去除羥基上之氫原子而成之基,列舉為例如氯甲氧基、二氯甲氧基、三氯甲氧基、溴甲氧基、二溴甲氧基、三溴甲氧基、氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、2,2,2-三氯乙氧基、五氯乙氧基、2,2,2-三溴乙氧基、五溴乙氧基、2,2,2-三氟乙氧基、五氟乙氧基、3,3,3-三氯丙氧基、2,2,3,3-四氯丙氧基、2,2,3,3,3-五氯丙氧基、七氯丙氧基、七氯異丙氧基、3,3,3-三溴丙氧基、2,2,3,3-四溴丙氧基、2,2,3,3,3-五溴丙氧基、七溴丙氧基、七溴異丙氧基、3,3,3-三氟丙氧基、2,2,3,3-四氟丙氧基、2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙氧基、七氟丙氧基、七氟異丙氧基等,但以鹵化烷氧基較佳,更好為氟化烷氧基。
經Z3取代之碳數6~20之芳基列舉為以Z3取代上述碳數6~20之芳基中之至少1個氫原子者,其具體例列舉為4-氯苯基、4-溴苯基、4-氟苯基、2,4-二氯苯基、2,4-二溴苯基、2,4-二氟苯基、五氯苯基、五溴苯基、五氟苯基等鹵化芳基;4-氰基苯基、2,4-二氰基苯基、2,4,6-三氰基苯基等氰基芳基;4-硝基苯基、2,4-二硝基苯基、2,4,6-三硝基苯基等硝基芳基等,但以鹵化芳基
較佳,更佳為氟化芳基。
經Z2取代之碳數6~20之芳基除上述經Z3取代之碳數6~20之芳基所例示之基以外,亦列舉出4-三氯甲基苯基、4-三溴甲基苯基、4-三氟甲基苯基等具有鹵化烷基之芳基等,但以具有氟化烷基之芳基較佳。
經Z3取代之碳數2~20之雜芳基列舉為以Z3取代上述碳數2~20之雜芳基中之至少1個氫原子者,其具體例列舉為5-氯-噻吩-2-基、5-溴-噻吩-2-基、5-氟-噻吩-2-基、5-氯-噻吩-3-基、5-溴-噻吩-3-基、5-氟-噻吩-3-基等鹵化噻吩基;5-氰基-噻吩-2-基、5-氰基-噻吩-3-基等氰基噻吩基;5-硝基-噻吩-2-基、5-硝基-噻吩-3-基等硝基噻吩基;5-氯-呋喃-2-基、5-溴-呋喃-2-基、5-氟-呋喃-2-基、5-氯-呋喃-3-基、5-溴-呋喃-3-基、5-氟-呋喃-3-基等鹵化呋喃基;5-氰基-呋喃-2-基、5-氰基-呋喃-3-基等氰基呋喃基;5-硝基-呋喃-2-基、5-硝基-呋喃-3-基等硝基呋喃基;6-氯-吡啶-2-基、6-溴-吡啶-2-基、6-氟-吡啶-2-基、6-氯-吡啶-3-基、6-溴-吡啶-3-基、6-氟-吡啶-3-基、6-氯-吡啶-4-基、6-溴-吡啶-4-基、6-氟-吡啶-4-基等鹵化吡啶基;6-氰基-吡啶-2-基、6-氰基-吡啶-3-基、6-氰基-吡啶-4-基等氰基吡啶基、6-硝基-吡啶-2-基、6-硝基-吡啶-3-基、6-硝基-吡啶-4-基等硝基吡啶基等。
上述式(1-1)表示之三烷氧基矽烷之具體例列舉為三乙氧基(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)矽烷、3,3,3-三氟丙基三甲氧基矽烷、全氟辛基三乙氧基矽烷、十三氟-1,1,2,2-四
氫辛基三乙氧基矽烷、五氟苯基三甲氧基矽烷、五氟苯基三乙氧基矽烷、3-(七氟異丙氧基)丙基三乙氧基矽烷、十七氟-1,1,2,2-四氫癸基三乙氧基矽烷等。
以上述式(1-2)表示之二烷氧基矽烷之具體例列舉為3,3,3-三氟丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷等。
調製本發明所用之有機矽烷化合物(聚合物)時,可與上述式(1-1)及/或式(1-2)表示之烷氧基矽烷化合物一起併用自式(2-1)~(2-3)表示之烷氧基矽烷化合物選出之至少一種,尤其,考慮進一步提高所得聚合物之分子量時,較好併用式(2-1)表示之四烷氧基矽烷化合物。
Si(OR3)4 (2-1)
SiR4 2(OR3)2 (2-2)
SiR4(OR3)3 (2-3)
其中,R3各自獨立表示可經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基,R4各自獨立表示碳數1~20之烷基、可經Z4取代之碳數2~20之烯基、可經Z4取代之碳數2~20之炔基、碳數6~20之芳基、或可經Z5取代之碳數2~20之雜芳基,Z4表示鹵原子、硝基、氰基、羥基、硫醇基、可經Z6取代之碳數6~20之芳基、或可經Z6取代之碳數2~20之雜芳基,Z5表示鹵原子、硝基、氰基、羥基、硫醇基、可經Z6取代之碳數1~20之烷基、可經Z6取代之碳數1~20之烯基、或可經Z6取代之碳數1~20之炔基,Z6表示鹵原子、硝基、氰基、羥基、或硫醇基,Z3表示與上述相同之意義。
碳數2~20之烯基之具體例列舉為乙烯基、正-1-丙烯基、正-2-丙烯基、1-甲基乙烯基、正-1-丁烯基、正-2-丁烯基、正-3-丁烯基、2-甲基-1-丙烯基、2-甲基-2-丙烯基、1-乙基乙烯基、1-甲基-1-丙烯基、1-甲基-2-丙烯基、正-1-戊烯基、正-1-癸烯基、正-1-二十碳烯基等。
碳數2~20之炔基之具體例列舉為乙炔基、正-1-丙炔基、正-2-丙炔基、正-1-丁炔基、正-2-丁炔基、正-3-丁炔基、1-甲基-2-丙炔基、正-1-戊炔基、正-2-戊炔基、正-3-戊炔基、正-4-戊炔基、1-甲基-正-丁炔基、2-甲基-正-丁炔基、3-甲基-正-丁炔基、1,1-二甲基-正-丙炔基、正-1-己炔基、正-1-癸炔基、正-1-十五碳炔基、正-1-二十碳炔基等。
另外,鹵原子、碳數1~20之烷基、碳數6~20之芳基、碳數2~20之雜芳基之具體例列舉為與上述相同者。
R3及R4中,烷基、烯基及炔基之碳數較好為10以下,更好為6以下,又更好為4以下。
又,芳基及雜芳基之碳數較好為14以下,更好為10以下,又更好為6以下。
R3較好為碳數1~6之烷基,更好為碳數1~4之烷基,又更好為甲基或乙基。
此外,R4較好為碳數1~20之烷基或碳數6~20之芳基,更好為碳數1~10之烷基或碳數6~14之芳基,又更好為碳數1~6之烷基或碳數6~10之芳基,再更好為碳數1~4之烷基或苯基。
又,複數個R3可均相同亦可不同,複數個R4亦可均相同亦可不同。
Z3較好為鹵原子,更好為氟原子,最好為不存在(亦即未經取代)者最適合。
且,Z4較好為鹵原子、可經Z6取代之苯基、可經Z6取代之呋喃基,更好為鹵原子,又更好為氟原子、或不存在(亦即未經取代)。
又,Z5較好為鹵原子、可經Z6取代之碳數1~20之烷基、可經Z6取代之呋喃基,更好為鹵原子,又更好為氟原子、或不存在(亦即未經取代)。
而且,Z6較好為鹵原子,更好為氟原子或不存在(亦即未經取)。
以上述式(2-1)表示之四烷氧基矽烷化合物之具體例列舉為四乙氧基矽烷、四甲氧基矽烷、四丙氧基矽烷等。
以上述式(2-2)表示之二烷氧基矽烷化合物之具體例列舉為二甲基二甲氧基矽烷、二甲基二乙氧基矽烷、甲基乙基二甲氧基矽烷、二乙基二甲氧基矽烷、二乙基二乙氧基矽烷、甲基丙基二甲氧基矽烷、甲基丙基二乙氧基矽烷、二異丙基二甲氧基矽烷、苯基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、乙烯基甲基二甲氧基矽烷等。
以上述式(2-3)表示之三烷氧基矽烷化合物之具體例列舉為甲基三甲氧基矽烷、甲基三乙氧基矽烷、乙基三甲氧基矽烷、乙基三乙氧基矽烷、丙基三甲氧基矽烷、丙基三
乙氧基矽烷、丁基三甲氧基矽烷、丁基三乙氧基矽烷、戊基三甲氧基矽烷、戊基三乙氧基矽烷、庚基三甲氧基矽烷、庚基三乙氧基矽烷、辛基三甲氧基矽烷、辛基三乙氧基矽烷、十二烷基三甲氧基矽烷、十二烷基三乙氧基矽烷、十六烷基三甲氧基矽烷、十六烷基三乙氧基矽烷、十八烷基三甲氧基矽烷、十八烷基三乙氧基矽烷、苯基三甲氧基矽烷、苯基三乙氧基矽烷、乙烯基三甲氧基矽烷、乙烯基三乙氧基矽烷、三乙氧基-2-噻吩基矽烷、3-(三乙氧基矽烷基)矽烷等。
本發明之電荷輸送性塗料中,有機矽烷化合物之含量相對於電荷輸送性物質之質量,通常為0.1~50質量%左右,若考慮抑制所得薄膜之電荷輸送性下降,較好為0.5~40質量%左右,更好為0.8~30質量%左右,又更好為1~20質量%左右。
又,有機矽烷化合物(聚合物)例如可在水存在下,使上述烷氧基矽烷化合物之單一物或2種以上之混合物(部分)水解縮合而得。
水解方法並無特別限制,使用一般方法即可。列舉一例時,列舉為在水系溶劑中,於20~100℃左右處理烷氧基矽烷化合物1~24小時之方法。此時,亦可使用酸或鹼作為觸媒。
本發明所用之電荷輸送性物質只要是以往之有機EL元件所用之電荷輸送性單體、電荷輸送性寡聚物或聚合物即無限制,列舉為例如苯胺衍生物、噻吩衍生
物、吡咯衍生物等各種電洞輸送性物質,其中,以苯胺衍生物、噻吩衍生物較佳,更好為苯胺衍生物。
苯胺衍生物之具體例列舉為以下述式(3)表示者。
式(3)中,X1表示-NY1-、-O-、-S-、-(CR11R12)L-、或單鍵,但m或n為0時,表示-NY1-。
Y1相互獨立表示氫原子、可經Z7取代之碳數1~20之烷基、碳數2~20之烯基或碳數2~20之炔基、或可經Z8取代之碳數6~20之芳基或碳數2~20之雜芳基。
又,烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基及雜芳基之具體例列舉為與上述相同者。
R11及R12相互獨立表示氫原子、鹵原子、硝基、氰基、胺基、醛基、羥基、硫醇基、磺酸基、羧酸基、可經Z7取代之碳數1~20之烷基、碳數2~20之烯基或碳數2~20之炔基、可經Z8取代之碳數6~20之芳基或碳數2~20之雜芳基、或-NHY2、-NY3Y4、-C(O)Y5、-OY6、-SY7、-SO3Y8、-C(O)OY9、-OC(O)Y10、-C(O)NHY11或-C(O)NY12Y13基。
Y2~Y13相互獨立表示可經Z7取代之碳數1~20之烷基、碳數2~20之烯基或碳數2~20之炔基、或可經Z8取代之碳數6~20之芳基或碳數2~20之雜芳基。
Z7為鹵原子、硝基、氰基、胺基、醛基、羥基、硫醇基、磺酸基、羧酸基、或可經Z9取代之碳數6~20之芳基或碳數2~20之雜芳基。
Z8為鹵原子、硝基、氰基、胺基、醛基、經基、硫醇基、磺酸基、羧酸基、或可經Z9取代之碳數1~20之烷基、碳數2~20之烯基或碳數2~20之炔基。
Z9為鹵原子、硝基、氰基、胺基、醛基、羥基、硫醇基、磺酸基或羧酸基。
另外,R11~R12及Y2~Y13之鹵原子、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基及雜芳基列舉為與上述相同者。
該等中,亦R11及R12較好為氫原子或可經Z7取代之碳數1~20之烷基,更好為氫原子或可經Z7取代之甲基,均為氫原子最適合。
L表示以-(CR11R12)-表示之2價伸烷基之重複單位數,且為1~20之整數,但較好為1~10,更好為1~5,又更好為1~2,最好為1。
又,L為2以上時,複數個R11可彼此相同亦可不同,複數個R12亦可彼此相同亦可不同。
尤其,X1較好為-NY1-或單鍵。又,Y1較好為氫原子或可經Z7取代之碳數1~20之烷基,更好為氫原子或可經Z7取代之甲基,最好為氫原子。
R5~R8相互獨立表示氫原子、鹵原子、硝基、氰基、胺基、醛基、羥基、硫醇基、磺酸基、羧酸基、可經Z7取代之碳數1~20之烷基、碳數2~20之烯基或碳數2~20之炔基、可經Z8取代之碳數6~20之芳基或碳數2~20之雜芳基、或-NHY2、-NY3Y4、-C(O)Y5、-OY6、-SY7、-SO3Y8、-C(O)OY9、-OC(O)Y10、-C(O)NHY11或-C(O)NY12Y13(Y2~Y13表示與上述相同之意義)。該等鹵原子、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基及雜芳基列舉為與上述相同者。
尤其,式(3)中,R5~R8較好為氫原子、鹵原子、可經Z7取代之碳數1~10之烷基、或可經Z8取代之碳數6~14之芳基,更好為氫原子、氟原子、或可經氟原子取代之碳數1~10之烷基,均為氫原子最適合。
又,R9及R10較好為氫原子、鹵原子、可經Z7取代之碳數1~10之烷基、可經Z8取代之碳數6~14之芳基、或可經Z8取代之二苯基胺基(Y3及Y4為可經Z8取代之苯基的-NY3Y4基),更好為氫原子、氟原子或可經氟原子取代之二苯基胺基,又更好同時為氫原子或二苯基胺基。
而且,該等中,亦較好為R5~R8為氫原子、氟原子、可經氟原子取代之碳數1~10之烷基,R9及R10為氫原子、氟原子、可經氟原子取代之二苯基胺基,X1為-NY1-或單鍵,且Y1為氫原子或甲基之組合,更好為R5~R8為氫原子,R9及R10同時為氫原子或二苯基胺基,
X1為-NH-或單鍵之組合。
式(3)中,m及n相互獨立表示0以上之整數,且滿足1≦m+n≦20,但若考慮所得薄膜之電荷輸送性與苯胺衍生物之溶解性之均衡,較好滿足2≦m+n≦8,更好滿足2≦m+n≦6,又更好滿足2≦m+n≦4。
尤其,Y1~Y13及R5~R12中,取代基Z7較好為鹵原子或可經Z9取代之碳數6~20之芳基,更好為鹵原子或可經Z9取代之苯基,最好為不存在(亦即未經取代)最適合。
又,取代基Z8較好為鹵原子或可經Z9取代之碳數1~20之烷基,更好為鹵原子或可經Z9取代之碳數1~4之烷基,最好為不存在(亦即未經取代)最適合。
而且,取代基Z9較好為鹵原子,更好為氟,最好為不存在(亦即未經取代)最適合。
Y1~Y13及R5~R12中,烷基、烯基及炔基之碳數較好為10以下,更好為6以下,又更好為4以下。
此外,芳基及雜芳基之碳數較好為14以下,更好為10以下,又更好為6以下。
上述苯胺衍生物之分子量通常為300~5,000,但基於提高溶解性之觀點,較好為4,000以下,更好為3,000以下,又更好為2,000以下。
上述苯胺衍生物之合成方法並無特別限制,列舉為Bulletin of Chemical Society of Japan,67,pp,1749-1752,(1994)、Synthetic Metals,84,pp.119-120,
(1997)、Thin Solid Films,520(24),pp.7157-7163(2012)、國際公開第2008/032617號、國際公開第2008/032616號、國際公開第2008/129947號、國際公開第2013/084664號等所記載之方法。
以式(3)表示之苯胺衍生物之具體例列舉為苯基二苯胺、苯基三苯胺、苯基四苯胺、苯基五苯胺、四苯胺(苯胺4聚物)、八苯胺(苯胺8聚物)、十六苯胺(苯胺16聚物)或以下述式表示者,但並不限於該等。
(式中,Ph表示苯基,DPA表示二苯基胺基,TPA表示4-(二苯基胺基)苯基)。
又,亦可使用作為電洞輸送性材料之過去廣泛使用之各種化合物來作為電荷輸送性物質。
電洞輸送性低分子材料列舉為(三苯基胺)二聚物衍生
物、[(三苯基胺)二聚物]螺二聚物、N,N’-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺(α-NPD)、N,N’-雙(萘-2-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺、N,N’-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺、N,N’-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-9,9-螺聯茀、N,N’-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-9,9-螺聯茀、N,N’-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-9,9-二甲基-茀、N,N’-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-9,9-二甲基-茀、N,N’-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-9,9-二苯基-茀、N,N’-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-9,9-二苯基-茀、N,N’-雙(萘-1-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-2,2’-二甲基聯苯胺、2,2’,7,7’-肆(N,N-二苯基胺基)-9,9-螺聯茀、9,9-雙[4-(N,N-雙-聯苯-4-基-胺基)苯基]-9H-茀、9,9-雙[4-(N,N-雙-萘-2-基-胺基)苯基]-9H-茀、9,9-雙[4-(N-萘-1-基-N-苯基胺基)-苯基]-9H-茀、2,2’,7,7’-肆[N-萘基(苯基)-胺基]-9,9-螺聯茀、N,N’-雙(菲-9-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺、2,2’-雙[N,N-雙(聯苯-4-基)胺基]-9,9-螺聯茀、2,2’-雙(N,N-二苯基胺基)-9,9-螺聯茀、二-[4-(N,N-二(對-甲苯基)胺基)-苯基]環己烷、2,2’,7,7’-四(N,N-二(對-甲苯基))胺基-9,9-螺聯茀、N,N,N’,N’-四-萘-2-基-聯苯胺、N,N,N’,N’-四-(3-甲基苯基)-3,3’-二甲基聯苯胺、N,N’-二(萘基)-N,N’-二(萘-2-基)-聯苯胺、N,N,N’,N’-四(萘基)-聯苯胺、N,N’-二(萘-2-基)-N,N’-二苯基聯苯胺-1,4-二胺、N1,N4-二苯基-N1,N4-二(間-甲苯基)苯-1,4-二胺、N2,N2,N6,N6-四苯基萘-2,6-二胺、參(4-(喹啉-8-基)苯基)胺、2,2’-雙(3-(N,N-二(對-甲苯基)胺基)苯基)聯苯、
4,4’,4”-參[3-甲基苯基(苯基)胺基]三苯基胺(m-MTDATA)、4,4’,4”-參[1-萘基(苯基)胺基]三苯基胺(1-TNATA)等三芳基胺類,5,5”-雙-{4-[雙(4-甲基苯基)胺基]苯基}-2,2’:5’,2”-三聯噻吩(BMA-3T)等寡噻吩類等。
電洞輸送性高分子材料列舉為聚[(9,9-二己基茀-2,7-二基)-共聚-(N,N’-雙{對-丁基苯基}-1,4-二胺基伸苯基)]、聚[(9,9-二辛基茀-2,7-二基)-共聚-(N,N’-雙{對-丁基苯基}-1,1’-聯伸苯基-4,4-二胺)]、聚[(9,9-雙{1’-戊烯-5’-基}茀-2,7-二基)-共聚-(N,N’-雙{對-丁基苯基}-1,4-二胺基伸苯基)]、以聚倍半矽氧烷封端之聚[N,N’-雙(4-丁基苯基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-聯苯胺]、聚[(9,9-二辛基茀-2,7-二基)-共聚-(4,4’-(N-(對-丁基苯基))二苯基胺)]等。
且,亦可較適合地使用國際公開第2015/050253號所揭示之苯胺衍生物。
本發明之塗料中之電荷輸送性物質之含量相對於塗料整體較好為0.1~20質量%左右。
本發明之電荷輸送性塗料,根據所得薄膜之用途,以提高其電荷輸送性能等之目的亦可包含摻雜物質。
摻雜物質只要能溶解於塗料中使用之至少一種溶劑者即可無特別限制,可使用無機系之摻雜物質、有機系之摻雜物質之任一種。
無機系之摻雜物質列舉為磷鉬酸、矽鉬酸、磷鎢酸、磷鎢鉬酸、矽鎢酸等雜多酸;氯化氫、硫酸、硝
酸、磷酸等無機強酸;氯化鋁(III)(AlCl3)、四氯化鈦(IV)(TiCl4)、三溴化硼(BBr3)、三氟化硼醚錯合物(BF3‧OEt2)、氯化鐵(III)(FeCl3)、氯化銅(II)(CuCl2)、五氯化銻(V)(SbCl5)、五氟化砷(V)(AsF5)、五氟化磷(PF5)等之金屬鹵化物、Cl2、Br2、I2、ICl、ICl3、IBr、IF4等鹵素等。
此外,有機系之摻雜物質列舉為7,7,8,8-四氰基醌二甲烷(TCNQ)或2-氟-7,7,8,8-四氰基醌二甲烷、2,5-二氟-7,7,8,8-四氰基醌二甲烷等四氰基醌二甲烷類;四氟-7,7,8,8-四氰基醌二甲烷(F4TCNQ)、四氯-7,7,8,8-四氰基醌二甲烷、2-氟-7,7,8,8-四氰基醌二甲烷、2-氯-7,7,8,8-四氰基醌二甲烷、2,5-二氟-7,7,8,8-四氰基醌二甲烷、2,5-二氯-7,7,8,8-四氰基醌二甲烷等鹵四氰基醌二甲烷(鹵基TCNQ)類;四氯-1,4-苯醌(四氯對苯醌(chloranil))、2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基-1,4-苯醌(DDQ)等苯醌衍生物;苯磺酸、甲苯磺酸、對-苯乙烯磺酸、2-萘磺酸、4-經基苯磺酸、5-磺基水楊酸、對-十二烷基苯磺酸、二己基苯磺酸、2,5-二己基苯磺酸、二丁基萘磺酸、6,7-二丁基-2-萘磺酸、十二烷基萘磺酸、3-十二烷基-2-萘磺酸、己基萘磺酸、4-己基-1-萘磺酸、辛基萘磺酸、2-辛基-1-萘磺酸、己基萘磺酸、7-己基-1-萘磺酸、6-己基-2-萘磺酸、二壬基萘磺酸、2,7-二壬基-4-萘磺酸、二壬基萘二磺酸、2,7-二壬基-4,5-萘二磺酸、國際公開第2005/000832號記載之1,4-苯并二噁烷二磺酸衍生物、國際公開第2006/025342號記載之芳基磺酸衍生物、日本特開2005-108828號公報記載之二壬基萘
磺酸衍生物等芳基磺酸化合物,或聚苯乙烯磺酸等芳香族碸化合物;10-樟腦磺酸等非芳香族碸化合物等。
該等無機系及有機系摻雜物質可單獨使用1種,亦可組合2種以上使用。
調製電荷輸送性塗料時所用之有機溶劑只要具有塗料所用之各種成分之溶解能者即無特別限制,只要依據所用之電荷輸送性物質之種類等,由例如下述等中適當選擇使用即可:苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙基苯、氯苯等芳香族或鹵化芳香族烴溶劑;正庚烷、正己烷、環己烷等脂肪族烴類;二乙醚、四氫呋喃、二噁烷、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷等醚系溶劑;丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基異丁基酮、環己酮等酮系溶劑;乙酸乙酯、乙酸正己酯、乳酸乙酯、γ-丁內酯等酯系溶劑;二氯甲烷(methylene chloride)、二氯甲烷(dichloromethane)、1,2-二氯乙烷、氯仿等鹵化烴溶劑;N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啶酮等醯胺系溶劑;甲醇、乙醇、異丙醇、正丙醇、環己醇、二丙酮醇等醇系溶劑;乙二醇單乙醚、乙二醇單丁醚、乙二醇二縮水甘油醚、丙二醇單甲醚、二乙二醇單甲醚、二乙二醇單乙醚、二乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇單乙醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇單丁醚乙酸酯、二丙二醇單甲醚、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯等二醇醚系溶劑;乙二醇、丙二醇、己二醇、1,3-辛二醇、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、三乙二醇、三丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇等二醇系溶劑等。
又,該等有機溶劑可分別單獨使用,或混合2種以上使用。
本發明之塗料之黏度係根據所製作之薄膜厚度等或固體成分濃度適當設定者,但通常在25℃為1~50mPa‧s。
又,本發明之電荷輸送性塗料之固體成分濃度係考量塗料之黏度及表面張力等,或製作之薄膜之厚度等適當設定者,但通常為0.1~10.0質量%左右,若考慮提高塗料之塗佈性,則較好為0.5~5.0質量%左右,更好為1.0~3.0質量%左右。又,此處所謂固體成分意指本發明之電荷輸送性塗料所含之電荷輸送性物質及摻雜物質。
藉由於基材上塗佈以上說明之電荷輸送性塗料並燒成,可於基材上形成電荷輸送性薄膜。
塗料之塗佈方法並無特別限制,列舉為浸漬法、旋塗法、轉印印刷法、輥塗法、刷毛塗佈、噴墨法、噴霧法、狹縫塗佈法等,較好根據塗佈方法調節塗料之黏度及表面張力。
又,使用本發明之塗料時,燒成氛圍亦無特別限制,不僅在大氣氛圍中,在氮氣等惰性氣體或真空中亦可獲得具有均勻成膜面及高電荷輸送性之薄膜。
燒成溫度有時係考量所得薄膜之用塗、對所得薄膜賦予之電荷輸送性之程度、溶劑種類或沸點等,在100~260℃左右之範圍內適當設定,但使用所得薄膜作為有機EL元件之電洞注入層時,較好為140~250℃左右,
更好為145~240℃左右。
又,燒成時,為展現更高均勻之成膜性,且依於基材上進行反應之目的,亦可施以2階段以上之溫度變化,加熱較好使用例如加熱板或烘箱等之適當設備。
電荷輸送性薄膜之膜厚並無特別限制,但在有機EL元件內使用作為電洞注入層或電洞輸送層時,較好為5~200nm。改變膜厚之方法有改變塗料中之固體成分濃度,改變塗佈時之基板上之溶液量等方法。
本發明之電荷輸送性塗料包含特定之有機矽烷化合物,其結果,使用該塗料所得之薄膜亦包含特定之有機矽烷化合物,因此與使用不含其之塗料之情況比較,薄膜之離子化電位較深。亦即,上述特定之矽烷化合物可說具有使包含電荷輸送性物質之電荷輸送性薄膜之離子化電位深化之作用。
因此,藉由將本發明之電荷輸送性薄膜應用於有機EL元件之電洞注入層或電洞輸送層,較好為電洞輸送層中,可使該薄膜與積層於其陰極側之功能性薄膜之間之電荷輸送之障壁變小,可實現有機元件之亮度特性之提高。
使用本發明之電荷輸送性塗料製作OLED元件時之使用材料,或製作方法列舉如下者,但並不限於該等。
使用之電極基板較好為以洗劑、醇、純水等預先進行液體洗淨而淨化,例如陽極基板較好在使用前進行UV臭氧處理、氧-電漿處理等之表面處理。但陽極材料為將有
機物作為主成分時,亦可不進行表面處理。
具有由自本發明之電荷輸送性塗料獲得之薄膜所成之電洞輸送層之OLED元件之製作方法之例如下。
藉由上述方法,將本發明之電荷輸送性塗料塗佈於陽極基板上,或塗佈於視需要而設置於陽極基板上之電洞注入層上並燒成,於電極上製作電洞輸送層。將其導入真空蒸鍍裝置內,依序蒸鍍發光層、電子輸送層、電子輸送層/電洞阻斷層、陰極金屬而作成OLED元件。又,視需要,可在發光層與電洞輸送層之間設置電子阻斷層。
陽極材料列舉為以銦錫氧化物(ITO)、銦鋅氧化物(IZO)為代表之透明電極,或由以鋁為代表之金屬或該等之合金等所構成之金屬陽極,較好為進行平坦化處理者。亦可使用具有高電荷輸送性之聚噻吩衍生物或聚苯胺衍生物。
又,構成金屬陽極之其他金屬列舉為鈧、鈦、釩、鉻、錳、鐵、鈷、鎳、銅、鋅、鎵、釔、鋯、鈮、鉬、釕、銠、鈀、鎘、銦、鈧、鑭、鈰、鐠、釹、鉕、釤、銪、釓、鋱、鏑、鈥、鉺、銩、鐿、鉿、鉈、鎢、錸、鋨、銥、鉑、金、鈦、鉛、鉍或該等之合金等,但並不限於該等。
形成發光層之材料列舉為參(8-羥基喹啉(quinolinato))鋁(III)(Alq3)、雙(8-羥基喹啉)鋅(II)(Znq2)、雙(2-甲基-8-羥基喹啉)(對-苯基酚酸鹽)鋁(III)(BAlq)、4,4’-雙(2,2-二苯基乙烯基)聯苯、9,10-二(萘-2-基)蒽、2-
第三丁基-9,10-二(萘-2-基)蒽、2,7-雙[9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)-茀-2-基]-9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)茀、2-甲基-9,10-雙(萘-2-基)蒽、2-(9,9-螺聯茀-2-基)-9,9-螺聯茀、2,7-雙(9,9-螺聯茀-2-基)-9,9-螺聯茀、2-[9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)-茀-2-基]-9,9-二(4-甲基苯基)茀、2,2’-二芘基-9,9-螺聯茀、1,3,5-參(芘-1-基)苯、9,9-雙[4-(芘基)苯基]-9H-茀、2,2’-聯(9,10-二苯基蒽)、2,7-二芘基-9,9-螺聯茀、1,4-二(芘-1-基)苯、1,3-二(芘-1-基)苯、6,13-二(聯苯-4-基)五并苯、3,9-二(萘-2-基)苝、3,10-二(萘-2-基)苝、參[4-(苝基)-苯基]胺、10,10’-二(聯苯-4-基)-9,9’-聯蒽、N,N'-二(萘-1-基)-N,N’-二苯基-[1,1’:4’,1”:4”,1’’’-四聯苯]-4,4’’’-二胺、4,4’-二[10-(萘-1-基)蒽-9-基]聯苯、二苯并{[f,f’]-4,4’,7,7’-四苯基}二茚并[1,2,3-cd:1’,2’,3’-1m]苝、1-(7-(9,9’-聯蒽-10-基)-9,9-二甲基-9H-茀-2-基)芘、1-(7-(9,9’-聯蒽-10-基)-9,9-二己基-9H-茀-2-基)芘、1,3-雙(咔唑-9-基)苯、1,3,5-參(咔唑-9-基)苯、4,4’,4”-參(咔唑-9-基)三苯基胺、4,4’-雙(咔唑-9-基)聯苯(CBP)、4,4’-雙(咔唑-9-基)-2,2’-二甲基聯苯、2,7-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-二甲基茀、2,2’,7,7’-肆(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-螺聯茀、2,7-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-二(對-甲苯基)茀、9,9-雙[4-(咔唑-9-基)-苯基]茀、2,7-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-螺聯茀、1,4-雙(三苯基矽烷基)苯、1,3-雙(三苯基矽烷基)苯、雙(4-N,N-二乙基胺基-2-甲基苯基)-4-甲基苯基甲烷、2,7-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9,9-二辛基茀、4,4”-二(三苯基矽烷基)-對-三聯苯、4,4’-二(三苯基矽烷基)聯苯、9-(4-第三
丁基苯基)-3,6-雙(三苯基矽烷基)-9H-咔唑、9-(4-第三丁基苯基)-3,6-雙三苯甲基-9H-咔唑、9-(4-第三丁基苯基)-3,6-雙(9-(4-甲氧基苯基)-9H-茀-9-基)-9H-咔唑、2,6-雙(3-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基)吡啶、三苯基(4-(9-苯基-9H-茀-9-基)苯基)矽烷、9,9-二甲基-N,N-二苯基-7-(4-(1-苯基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)苯基)-9H-茀-2-胺、3,5-雙(3-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基)吡啶、9,9-螺聯茀-2-基-二苯基-膦氧化物、9,9’-(5-(三苯基矽烷基)-1,3-伸苯基)雙(9H-咔唑)、3-(2,7-雙(二苯基磷醯基)-9-苯基-9H-茀-9-基)-9-苯基-9H-咔唑、4,4,8,8,12,12-六(對-甲苯基)-4H-8H-12H-12C-氮雜二苯并[cd,mn]芘、4,7-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)-1,10-菲繞啉、2,2’-雙(4-(咔唑-9-基)苯基)聯苯、2,8-雙(二苯基磷醯基)二苯并[b,d]噻吩、雙(2-甲基苯基)二苯基矽烷、雙[3,5-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基]二苯基矽烷、3,6-雙(咔唑-9-基)-9-(2-乙基-己基)-9H-咔唑、3-(二苯基磷醯基)-9-(4-(二苯基磷醯基)苯基)-9H-咔唑、3,6-雙[(3,5-二苯基)苯基]-9-苯基咔唑等,藉由與發光性摻雜物共蒸鍍,亦可形成發光層。
發光性摻雜物列舉為3-(2-苯并噻唑基)-7-(二乙胺基)香豆素、2,3,6,7-四氫-1,1,7,7-四甲基-1H,5H,11H-10-(2-苯并噻唑基)喹嗪并[9,9a,1gh]香豆素、喹吖啶酮、N,N’-二甲基-喹吖啶酮、參(2-苯基吡啶)銥(III)(Ir(ppy)3)、雙(2-苯基吡啶)(乙醯基丙酮酸根]銥(III)(Ir(ppy)2(acac))、參[2-(對-甲苯基)吡啶]銥(III)(Ir(mppy)3)、9,10-雙[N,N-二(對-甲苯基)胺基]蒽、
9,10-雙[苯基(間-甲苯基)胺基]蒽、雙[2-(2-羥基苯基)苯并噻唑酸根]鋅(II)、N10,N10,N10’,N10’-四(對-甲苯基)-9,9’-聯蒽-10,10’-二胺、N10,N10,N10’,N10’-四苯基-9,9’-聯蒽-10,10’-二胺、N10,N10’-二苯基-N10,N10’-二萘-9,9’-聯蒽-10,10’-二胺、4,4’-雙(9-乙基-3-咔唑伸乙烯基)-1,1’-聯苯、苝、2,5,8,11-四-第三丁基苝、1,4-雙[2-(3-N-乙基咔唑基)乙烯基]苯、4,4’-雙[4-(二-對-甲苯基胺基)苯乙烯基]聯苯、4-(二-對-甲苯基胺基)-4’-[(二-對-甲苯基胺基)苯乙烯基]二苯基乙烯、雙[3,5-二氟-2-(2-吡啶基)苯基-(2-羧基吡啶基)銥(III)、4,4’-雙[4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基]聯苯、雙(2,4-二氟苯基吡啶酸根)肆(1-吡唑基)硼酸銥(III)、N,N’-雙(萘-2-基)-N,N’-雙(苯基)-參(9,9-二甲基伸茀基)、2,7-雙{2-[苯基(間-甲苯基)胺基]-9,9-二甲基-茀-7-基}-9,9-二甲基-茀、N-(4-((E)-2-(6((E)-4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基)萘-2-基)乙烯基)苯基)-N-苯基苯胺、fac-銥(III)參(1-苯基-3-甲基苯并咪唑啉-2-亞基-C,C2’)、mer-銥(III)參(1-苯基-3-甲基苯并咪唑啉-2-亞基-C,C2’)、2,7-雙[4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基]-9,9-螺聯茀、6-甲基-2-(4-(9-(4-(6-甲基苯并[d]噻唑-2-基)苯基)蒽-10-基)苯基)苯并[d]噻唑、1,4-二[4-(N,N-二苯基)胺基]苯乙烯基苯、1,4-雙(4-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯乙烯基)苯、(E)-6-(4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基)-N,N-二苯基萘-2-胺、雙(2,4-二茀苯基吡啶酸根)(5-(吡啶-2-基)-1H-四唑酸根)銥(III)、雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶)吡唑)((2,4-二氟苄基)二苯基膦酸根)銥(III)、雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶
基)吡唑酸根)(苄基二苯基膦酸根)銥(III)、雙(1-(2,4-二氟苄基)-3-甲基苯并咪唑鎓)(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑酸根)銥(III)、雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶基)吡唑酸根)(4’,6’-二氟苯基吡啶酸根)銥(III)、雙(4’,6’-二氟苯基吡啶酸根)(3,5-雙(三氟甲基)-2-(2’-吡啶基)吡咯酸根)銥(III)、雙(4’,6’-二氟苯基吡啶酸根)(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑酸根)銥(III)、(Z)-6-均三甲苯基-N-(6-均三甲苯基喹啉-2(1H)-亞基)喹啉-2-胺-BF2、(E)-2-(2-(4-(二甲胺基)苯乙烯基)-6-甲基-4H-吡喃-4-亞基)丙二腈、4-(二氰基亞甲基)-2-甲基-6-九洛尼啶(julolidyl)-9-烯基-4H-吡喃、4-(二氰基亞甲基)-2-甲基-6-(1,1,7,7-四甲基九洛尼啶-9-烯基)-4H-吡喃、4-(二氰基亞甲基)-2-第三丁基-6-(1,1,7,7-四甲基九洛尼啶-4-基-乙烯基)-4H-吡喃、參(二苯甲醯基甲烷)菲繞啉銪(III)、5,6,11,12-四苯基萘、雙(2-苯并[b]噻吩-2-基-吡啶)(乙醯基丙酮酸根)銥(III)、參(1-苯基異喹啉)銥(III)、雙(1-苯基異喹啉)(乙醯基丙酮酸根)銥(III)、雙[1-(9,9-二甲基-9H-茀-2-基)-異喹啉](乙醯基丙酮酸根)銥(III)、雙[2-(9,9-二甲基-9H-茀-2-基)喹啉](乙醯基丙酮酸根)銥(III)、參[4,4’-二-第三丁基-(2,2’)-聯吡啶]釕(III)‧雙(六氟磷酸鹽)、參(2-苯基喹啉)銥(III)、雙(2-苯基喹啉)(乙醯基丙酮酸根)銥(III)、2,8-二-第三丁基-5,11-雙(4-第三丁基苯基)-6,12-二苯基并四苯、雙(2-苯基苯并噻唑酸根)(乙醯基丙酮酸根)銥(III)、5,10,15,20-四苯基四苯并卟啉鉑、鋨(II)雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(2-吡啶)-吡唑酸根)
二甲基苯基膦、鋨(II)雙(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(4-第三丁基吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑酸根)二苯基甲基膦、鋨(II)雙(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑)二甲基苯基膦、鋨(II)雙(3-(三氟甲基)-5-(4-第三丁基吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑酸根)二甲基苯基膦、雙[2-(4-正己基苯基)喹啉](乙醯基丙酮酸根)銥(III)、參[2-(4-正己基苯基)喹啉]銥(III)、參[2-苯基-4-甲基喹啉]銥(III)、雙(2-苯基喹啉)(2-(3-甲基苯基)吡啶酸根)銥(III)、雙(2-(9,9-二乙基-茀-2-基)-1-苯基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑酸根)(乙醯基丙酮酸根)銥(III)、雙(2-苯基吡啶)(3-(吡啶-2-基)-2H-色烯-2-酸根)銥(III)、雙(2-苯基喹啉)(2,2,6,6-四甲基庚烷-3,5-二酸根)銥(III)、雙(苯基異喹啉)(2,2,6,6-四甲基庚烷-3,5-二酸根)銥(III)、銥(III)雙(4-苯基噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶酸根-N,C2’)乙醯基丙酮酸鹽、(E)-2-(2-第三丁基-6-(2-(2,6,6-三甲基-2,4,5,6-四氫-1H-吡咯并[3,2,1-ij]喹啉-8-基)乙烯基)-4H-吡喃-4-亞基)丙二腈、雙(3-三氟甲基-5-(1-異喹啉)吡唑酸根)(甲基二苯基膦)釕、雙[(4-正己基苯基)異喹啉](乙醯基丙酮酸根)銥(III)、鉑(II)八乙基卟啉、雙(2-甲基二苯并[f,h]喹喔啉)(乙醯基丙酮酸根)銥(III)、參[(4-正己基苯基)喹喔啉]銥(III)等。
形成電子輸送層/電洞阻斷層之材料列舉為8-羥基喹啉酸根鋰、2,2’,2”-(1,3,5-苯三基)-參(1-苯基-1-H-苯并咪唑)、2-(4-聯苯)5-(4-第三丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑、2,9-二甲基-4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲繞啉、4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲繞啉、雙(2-甲基-8-羥基喹啉)-4-(苯基酚酸)鋁、1,3-雙[2-
(2,2’-聯吡啶-6-基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-5-基]苯、6,6’-雙[5-(聯苯-4-基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基]-2,2’-聯吡啶、3-(4-聯苯基)-4-苯基)-5-第三丁基苯基-1,2,4-三唑、4-(萘-1-基)-3,5-二苯基-4H-1,2,4-三唑、2,9-雙(萘-2-基)-4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲繞啉、2,7-雙[2-(2,2’-聯吡啶-6-基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-5-基]-9,9-二甲基茀、1,3-雙[2-(4-第三丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-5-基]苯、參(2,4,6-三甲基-3-(吡啶-3-基)苯基)硼烷、1-甲基-2-(4-(萘-2-基)苯基)-1H-咪唑[4,5f][1,10]菲繞啉、2-(萘-2-基)-4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲繞啉、苯基-二芘基膦氧化物、3,3’,5,5’-四[(間-吡啶基)-苯-3-基]聯苯、1,3,5-參[(3-吡啶基)-苯-3-基]苯、4,4’-雙(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)聯苯、1,3-雙[3,5-二(吡啶-3-基)苯基]苯、雙(10-羥基苯并[h]喹啉酸根)鈹、二苯基雙(4-(吡啶-3-基)苯基)矽烷、3,5-二(芘-1-基)吡啶等。
形成電子注入層之材料列舉為氧化鋰(Li2O)、氧化鎂(MgO)、氧化鋁(Al2O3)、氟化鋰(LiF)、氟化鈉(NaF)、氟化鎂(MgF2)、氟化銫(CsF)、氟化鍶(SrF2)、三氧化鉬(MoO3)、鋁、Li(acac)、乙酸鋰、苯甲酸鋰等。
陰極材料列舉為鋁、鎂-銀合金、鋁-鋰合金、鋰、鈉、鉀、銫等。
形成電子阻斷層之材料列舉為參(苯基吡唑)銥等。
又,電洞輸送層中所用之電荷輸送性物質係使用先前例示之電荷輸送性物質中之電洞輸送性高分子材料以外之化合物。
使用本發明之電荷輸送性塗料之PLED元件之製作方法並無特別限制,但舉例以下之方法。
上述OLED元件製作中,可藉由形成發光性高分子層製作具有利用本發明之電荷輸送性塗料形成之電洞輸送性高分子層之PLED元件而代替進行發光層、電子輸送層、電子注入層之真空蒸鍍操作。
具體而言,在陽極基板或在視需要於陽極基板上形成之電洞注入層上塗佈本發明之電荷輸送性塗料且以上述方法製作電洞輸送層,於其上依序形成發光性高分子層,進一步蒸鍍陰極而成為PLED元件。
使用之陰極及陽極材料可使用與上述OLED元件製作時相同者,且可進行相同之洗淨處理、表面處理。
發光性高分子層之形成法列舉為在發光性高分子材料、或於其中添加摻雜物質之材料中添加溶劑而溶解或均勻分散,且塗佈於電洞輸送層上後,分別燒成而成膜之方法。
發光性高分子材料列舉為聚(9,9-二烷基茀)(PDAF)等聚茀衍生物、聚(2-甲氧基-5-(2’-乙基己氧基)-1,4-伸苯基伸乙烯基)(MEH-PPV)等聚伸苯基伸乙烯基衍生物、聚(3-烷基噻吩)(PAT)等聚噻吩衍生物、聚乙烯基咔唑(PVCz)等。
又,電洞輸送層所用之電荷輸送性物質係使用先前例示之電洞輸送性高分子材料。
溶劑列舉為甲苯、二甲苯、氯仿等,溶解或均勻分散法列舉為攪拌、加熱攪拌、超音波分散等方法。
塗佈方法並無特別限制,列舉為噴墨法、噴霧法、浸漬法、旋塗法、轉印印刷法、輥塗法、刷毛塗佈等。又,塗佈較好在氮氣、氬氣等惰性氣體下進行。
燒成方法列舉為在惰性氣體下或真空中,以烘箱或加熱板加熱之方法。
以下,列舉實施例及比較例更具體說明本發明,但本發明並不受限於下述之實施例。又,使用之裝置如下。
(1)分子量測定:昭和電工(股)製造,常溫凝膠滲透層析(GPC)裝置(GPC-101)及Shodex製造之管柱(KD-803L)
(測定條件)
‧管柱溫度:40℃
‧溶離液:四氫呋喃(THF),10ml/L
‧流速:1.0ml/分鐘
‧校正線製作用標準樣品:昭和電工(股)製造,SL-105,標準聚苯乙烯(分子量約580、2970、7200、19900、52400)
(2)1H-NMR測定:日本電子(股)製造,JNM-ECP300 FT NMR SYSTEM
(3)基板洗淨:長州產業(股)製造,基板洗淨裝置(減
壓電漿方式)
(4)塗料之塗佈:MIKASA(股)製造,旋轉塗佈器MS-A100
(5)膜厚測定:小坂研究所(股)製造,微細形狀測定機SURFCORDER ET-4000
(6)EL元件之製作:長州產業(股)製造,多功能蒸鍍裝置系統C-E2L1G1-N
(7)EL元件之亮度等之測定:TEC WORLD(有)製造,I-V-L測定系統
(8)離子化電位之測定:理研計器(股)製造,大氣中光電子分光裝置AC-3
在具備溫度計及回流管之200mL四頸反應燒瓶中,混合己二醇18.4g、丁基溶纖素6.1g、四乙氧基矽烷23.3g及3,3,3-三氟丙基三甲氧基矽烷10.5g,調製烷氧基矽烷單體之溶液。
在室溫下,花費30分鐘將預先混合己二醇9.2g、丁基溶纖素3.1g、水8.6g及作為觸媒之草酸0.7g而成之溶液滴加於該溶液中,再於室溫下攪拌30分鐘。隨後,使用油浴加熱回流1小時後,放冷獲得SiO2換算濃度為12質量%之聚矽氧烷溶液。
所得聚矽氧烷之數平均分子量為2,500,重量平均分
子量為3,500。
又,混合所得聚矽氧烷溶液10.0g、己二醇42.0g及丁基溶纖素14.0g,調製SiO2換算濃度為5質量%之聚矽氧烷溶液,將該聚矽氧烷溶液使用於電荷輸送性塗料之調製。
在氮氣氛圍下,均勻混合電荷輸送性聚合物之聚[(9,9-二己基茀-2,7-二基)-共聚-(N,N’-雙{對-丁基苯基}-1,4-二胺基伸苯基)](ADS250BE,American Dye Source,Inc製造,以下相同)0.05g、合成例1所得之聚矽氧烷溶液0.0151g與甲苯10g,調製電荷輸送性塗料。
除了將電荷輸送性聚合物(ADS250BE)之使用量設為0.0251g以外,餘與實施例1-1相同之方法調製電荷輸送性塗料。
在氮氣氛圍下,均勻混合電荷輸送性聚合物(ADS250BE)0.05g與甲苯10g,調製電荷輸送性塗料。
首先,在氮氣氛圍下,使依據國際公開第2013/084664號記載之方法合成之以式(A1)表示之苯胺衍生物0.165g、依據國際公開第2006/025342號記載之方法合成之以式(S1)表示之芳基磺酸0.325g溶解於1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啶酮8.0g中。於其中添加環己醇12.0g及丙二醇4.0g並攪拌,再於其中溶解3,3,3-三氟丙基三甲氧基矽烷0.016g及苯基三甲氧基矽烷0.033g並攪拌,獲得電洞注入層形成用塗料。
使用旋轉塗佈器將該塗料塗佈於ITO基板上後,在80℃乾燥1分鐘,進一步,在大氣氛圍下,於230℃燒成15分鐘,於ITO基板上形成30nm之均勻薄膜(電洞注入層)。ITO基板係使用表面上以膜厚150nm圖型化有銦錫氧化物(ITO)之25mm×25mm×0.7t之玻璃基板,使用前以O2電漿洗淨裝置(150W,30秒)去除表面上之雜質。
其次,於ITO基板上形成之薄膜上,使用旋轉塗佈器塗佈實施例1-1所得之電荷輸送性塗料後,在大氣氛圍下,在150℃燒成10分鐘,形成30nm之均勻薄膜(電洞輸送層)。
使用蒸鍍裝置(真空鍍1.0×10-5Pa)於其上共蒸鍍CBP與Ir(PPy)3。共蒸鍍係以使Ir(PPy)3之濃度成為6%之方式控制蒸鍍速率,且積層40nm。其次,依序積層BAlq、氟化鋰及鋁之薄膜,獲得有機EL元件。此時,蒸鍍速率係分別以對BAlq及鋁為0.2nm/秒,對氟化鋰為0.02nm/秒之條件進行,膜厚分別為20nm、0.5nm及100nm。
又,為防止因空氣中之氧、水等之影響造成之特性劣化,故利用密封基板密封有機EL元件後,評價其特性。密封係藉以下順序進行。
在氧濃度2ppm以下、露點-85℃以下之氮氣氛圍中,將有機EL元件放置在密封基板之間,以接著材(MORESCO(股)製造之MORESCO MOISTURE CUT WB90US(P))貼合密封基板。此時,將捕水劑(DYNIC(股)製造,HD-071010W-40)與有機EL元件一起放入密封基板內。對貼合之密封基板照射UV光(波長365nm,照射量6,000mJ/cm2)後,在80℃下退火處理1小時,使接著材硬化。
除了分別使用實施例1-2、比較例1所得之塗料代替
實施例1-1所得之塗料以外,餘與實施例2-1相同之方法製造有機EL元件。
針對該等元件,測定在驅動電壓10V下之電流密度、亮度及電流效率。結果示於表1。又,各元件之發光面尺寸之面積為2mm×2mm。
如表1所示,可知具備由本發明之電荷輸送性塗料所得之薄膜的有機EL元件之亮度特性及電流效率優異。
將實施例1-1所得之塗料塗佈於以膜厚成為150nm之方式成膜有銦錫氧化物(ITO)之25mm×25mm×0.7t之玻璃基板上後,在大氣氛圍下,於150℃燒成10分鐘,形成30nm之均勻薄膜。基板使用前以O2電漿洗淨裝置(150W,30秒)去除表面上之雜質。
針對所得薄膜,使用大氣中光電子分光裝置AC-3測定離子化電位。具體之測定方法及離子化電位之決定方法
如下所示。
首先,於裝置本體內供給壓縮空氣(0.5~0.7MPa)及壓縮氮氣(純度:99.9%以上,壓力:0.5~0.6MPa),使裝置熱機。隨後,連接本體與個人電腦,進行通訊之確立、光量調節裝置之初始化、檢測器電壓設定。其次,將光量設定為20nW,測定4.8~7.0eV之光量修正係數。接著,插入樣品,使用所測定之光量修正係數,測定4.8~7.0eV之光電子收率。測定結束後,作成以橫軸作為照射光能量,縱軸作為光電子收率實測值之平方根的圖表,自以最小平方法所得之外插直線與基準線之交點決定離子化電位,結果示於表2。
除了分別使用實施例1-2、比較例1所得之塗料代替實施例1-1所得之塗料以外,餘與實施例3-1相同之方法測定離子化電位。結果一併示於表2。
如表2所示,可知由包含有機矽烷化合物之本發明之電荷輸送性塗料所得之薄膜的離子化電位,比自
不含有機矽烷化合物之比較例之電荷輸送性塗料所得之薄膜大。若一併參考表1之結果,可知離子化電位之值越高(越深),亮度特性及電流效率越提高。
Claims (11)
- 一種電荷輸送性塗料,其特徵係包含電荷輸送性物質、有機矽烷化合物、與有機溶劑,前述有機矽烷化合物為預先使烷氧基矽烷化合物水解縮合而調製之重量平均分子量500~10000之聚合物,前述烷氧基矽烷化合物包含由以式(1-1)及(1-2)表示之烷氧基矽烷化合物選出之至少一種,SiR1(OR2)3 (1-1) SiR1 2(OR2)2 (1-2)(式中,R1各自獨立表示經Z1取代之碳數1-20之烷基,或經Z2取代之碳數6~20之芳基,R2各自獨立表示可經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基,且Z1表示鹵原子、氰基、硝基、經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷氧基、經Z3取代之碳數6~20之芳基、或經Z3取代之碳數2~20之雜芳基,Z2表示鹵原子、氰基、硝基、或經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基,Z3表示鹵原子、氰基、或硝基)。
- 如請求項1之電荷輸送性塗料,其中前述烷氧基矽烷化合物包含以前述式(1-1)及式(1-2)表示之烷氧基矽烷化合物選出之至少一種,與由以式(2-1)~(2-3)表示之烷氧基矽烷化合物選出之至少一種,Si(OR3)4 (2-1) SiR4 2(OR3)2 (2-2) SiR4(OR3)3 (2-3) (式中,R3各自獨立表示可經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基,R4各自獨立表示碳數1~20之烷基、可經Z4取代之碳數2~20之烯基、可經Z4取代之碳數2~20之炔基、碳數6~20之芳基、或可經Z5取代之碳數2~20之雜芳基,Z3表示與前述相同意義,Z4表示鹵原子、硝基、氰基、羥基、硫醇基、可經Z6取代之碳數6~20之芳基、或可經Z6取代之碳數2~20之雜芳基,Z5表示鹵原子、硝基、氰基、羥基、硫醇基、可經Z6取代之碳數1~20之烷基、可經Z6取代之碳數1~20之烯基、或可經Z6取代之碳數1~20之炔基,Z6表示鹵原子、硝基、氰基、羥基、或硫醇基)。
- 如請求項1或2之電荷輸送性塗料,其中前述烷氧基矽烷化合物包含以前述式(1-1)表示之烷氧基矽烷化合物、與以前述式(2-1)表示之烷氧基矽烷化合物。
- 如請求項1~3中任一項之電荷輸送性塗料,其中前述電荷輸送性物質為苯胺衍生物。
- 一種電荷輸送性薄膜,其係使用如請求項1~4中任一項之電荷輸送性塗料製作而成。
- 一種有機電致發光元件,其具有如請求項5之電荷輸送性薄膜。
- 如請求項6之有機電致發光元件,其中前述電荷輸送性薄膜為電洞注入層或電洞輸送層。
- 一種電荷輸送性薄膜之製造方法,其特徵係將如請求項1~4中任一項之電荷輸送性塗料塗佈於基材上,且使溶劑蒸發。
- 一種有機電致發光元件之製造方法,其特徵係使用如請求項5之電荷輸送性薄膜。
- 一種電荷輸送性薄膜之離子化電位深化方法,其係由包含電荷輸送性物質與有機溶劑之電荷輸送性塗料獲得之電荷輸送性薄膜之離子化電位深化方法,其特徵為於前述電荷輸送性塗料中添加使包含由以式(1-1)及(1-2)表示之烷氧基矽烷化合物選出之至少一種之烷氧基矽烷化合物水解縮合而調製之重量平均分子量500~10000之聚合物,SiR1(OR2)3 (1-1) SiR1 2(OR2)2 (1-2)(式中,R1各自獨立表示經Z1取代之碳數1-20之烷基,或經Z2取代之碳數6~20之芳基,R2各自獨立表示可經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基,且Z1表示鹵原子、氰基、硝基、經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷氧基、經Z3取代之碳數6~20之芳基、或經Z3取代之碳數2~20之雜芳基,Z2表示鹵原子、氰基、硝基、或經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基,Z3表示鹵原子、氰基、或硝基)。
- 一種電荷輸送性薄膜之離子化電位深化方法,其 係包含電荷輸送性物質之電荷輸送性薄膜之離子化電位深化方法,其特徵為於前述電荷輸送性薄膜製作時,與前述電荷輸送性物質一起使用使包含由以式(1-1)及(1-2)表示之烷氧基矽烷化合物選出之至少一種之烷氧基矽烷化合物水解縮合而調製之重量平均分子量500~10000之聚合物,並於前述電荷輸送性薄膜內導入前述聚合物,SiR1(OR2)3 (1-1) SiR1 2(OR2)2 (1-2)(式中,R1各自獨立表示經Z1取代之碳數1-20之烷基,或經Z2取代之碳數6~20之芳基,R2各自獨立表示可經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基,且Z1表示鹵原子、氰基、硝基、經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷氧基、經Z3取代之碳數6~20之芳基、或經Z3取代之碳數2~20之雜芳基,Z2表示鹵原子、氰基、硝基、或經Z3取代之碳數1~20之烷基,Z3表示鹵原子、氰基、或硝基)。
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