TW201605541A - 催化劑顆粒及生產該催化劑顆粒的方法 - Google Patents
催化劑顆粒及生產該催化劑顆粒的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW201605541A TW201605541A TW104118575A TW104118575A TW201605541A TW 201605541 A TW201605541 A TW 201605541A TW 104118575 A TW104118575 A TW 104118575A TW 104118575 A TW104118575 A TW 104118575A TW 201605541 A TW201605541 A TW 201605541A
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- solution
- solvent
- catalyst particles
- produce
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 215
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 177
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012387 aerosolization Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000132 electrospray ionisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002525 ultrasonication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007036 catalytic synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005323 thioketone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 45
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 13
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 9
- -1 hydrazine oxide Chemical compound 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 6
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002646 carbon nanobud Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021394 carbon nanobud Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SFJBWZNTPHYOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt Chemical compound [Co].[Co].[Co] SFJBWZNTPHYOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006199 nebulizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 4
- FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002238 carbon nanotube film Substances 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophenol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=C1 RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWHJZXXIDMPWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1 GWHJZXXIDMPWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DIIIISSCIXVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine Chemical compound CNNC DIIIISSCIXVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VAHXQYYBOYZVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [I].C[Mg] Chemical compound [I].C[Mg] VAHXQYYBOYZVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-NJFSPNSNSA-N carbon disulfide-14c Chemical compound S=[14C]=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamylol Chemical compound CC(C)CCO PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXWPONVCMVLXBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;carbanide;iodide Chemical compound [CH3-].[Mg+2].[I-] VXWPONVCMVLXBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- DLPASUVGCQPFFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;ethane Chemical compound [Mg+2].[CH2-]C.[CH2-]C DLPASUVGCQPFFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002127 nanobelt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002110 nanocone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940078552 o-xylene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylborane Chemical compound CCB(CC)CC LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(Cl)Cl AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFWCMGCRMGJXDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chlorobutane Chemical compound CCCCCl VFWCMGCRMGJXDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCC RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXBDYQVECUFKRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOC CXBDYQVECUFKRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXXCIBALSKQCAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbutoxymethylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)CCOCC1=CC=CC=C1 RXXCIBALSKQCAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000234282 Allium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002732 Allium cepa var. cepa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZQJDMLOAWMWDI-UHFFFAOYSA-M CCOC(=O)C[Zn]Cl Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C[Zn]Cl SZQJDMLOAWMWDI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000036675 Myoglobin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010062374 Myoglobin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perchloroethylene Chemical group ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002042 Silver nanowire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000779819 Syncarpia glomulifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- RHQDFWAXVIIEBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroethanol Chemical compound OCC(F)(F)F RHQDFWAXVIIEBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002144 chemical decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQWPLXHWEZZGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylzinc Chemical compound CC[Zn]CC HQWPLXHWEZZGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005594 diketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001652 electrophoretic deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JLEKJZUYWFJPMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methoxyacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)COC JLEKJZUYWFJPMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004795 grignard reagents Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC([O-])=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002173 high-resolution transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005321 mecobalamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- JEWJRMKHSMTXPP-BYFNXCQMSA-M methylcobalamin Chemical compound C[Co+]N([C@]1([H])[C@H](CC(N)=O)[C@]\2(CCC(=O)NC[C@H](C)OP(O)(=O)OC3[C@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]3CO)N3C4=CC(C)=C(C)C=C4N=C3)O)C)C/2=C(C)\C([C@H](C/2(C)C)CCC(N)=O)=N\C\2=C\C([C@H]([C@@]/2(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=N\C\2=C(C)/C2=N[C@]1(C)[C@@](C)(CC(N)=O)[C@@H]2CCC(N)=O JEWJRMKHSMTXPP-BYFNXCQMSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011585 methylcobalamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007672 methylcobalamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decene Natural products CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002073 nanorod Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002900 organolithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002901 organomagnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012994 photoredox catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001739 pinus spp. Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950011008 tetrachloroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WHRNULOCNSKMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran thf Chemical compound C1CCOC1.C1CCOC1 WHRNULOCNSKMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001089 thermophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940036248 turpentine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001392 ultraviolet--visible--near infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- IPSRAFUHLHIWAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;ethane Chemical compound [Zn+2].[CH2-]C.[CH2-]C IPSRAFUHLHIWAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0027—Powdering
- B01J37/0054—Drying of aerosols
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0027—Powdering
- B01J37/0045—Drying a slurry, e.g. spray drying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0215—Sulfur-containing compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0095—Preparation of aerosols
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/06—Solidifying liquids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
- B01J21/185—Carbon nanotubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/745—Iron
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/04—Sulfides
- B01J27/043—Sulfides with iron group metals or platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
- B01J35/23—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state in a colloidal state
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
- B01J35/27—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state in a liquid or molten state
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0072—Preparation of particles, e.g. dispersion of droplets in an oil bath
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/04—Mixing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
- B01J37/086—Decomposition of an organometallic compound, a metal complex or a metal salt of a carboxylic acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
- C01B32/16—Preparation
- C01B32/162—Preparation characterised by catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
- C01B32/16—Preparation
- C01B32/166—Preparation in liquid phase
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
- F26B3/10—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour carrying the materials or objects to be dried with it
- F26B3/12—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour carrying the materials or objects to be dried with it in the form of a spray, i.e. sprayed or dispersed emulsions or suspensions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
- B01J37/341—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation
- B01J37/343—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation of ultrasonic wave energy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
- B01J37/341—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation
- B01J37/344—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation of electromagnetic wave energy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/04—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/70—Nanostructure
- Y10S977/734—Fullerenes, i.e. graphene-based structures, such as nanohorns, nanococoons, nanoscrolls or fullerene-like structures, e.g. WS2 or MoS2 chalcogenide nanotubes, planar C3N4, etc.
- Y10S977/742—Carbon nanotubes, CNTs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/84—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure
- Y10S977/842—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure for carbon nanotubes or fullerenes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本發明係揭示一種製造催化劑顆粒之方法。該方法包含:形成一溶液,其包含溶劑與包括催化劑材料之材料,其中,包括催化劑材料之該材料係溶於或乳化於溶劑中;氣霧化該形成之溶液,以產生包含包括催化劑材料之該材料之液滴;以及處理該液滴,以自該液滴所包含之包括催化劑材料之材料產生催化劑顆粒或中間催化劑顆粒。本發明亦揭示一種製造奈米材料之方法、裝置、催化劑顆粒、以及製造催化劑顆粒之溶液液滴。
Description
本發明係相關於微米與奈米尺寸之顆粒,以及製造其方法。更具體地,本發明係相關於催化劑顆粒,以及製造該催化劑顆粒之方法。
奈米材料包含廣範圍的結構和形態,包括薄膜、薄板、球體和更複雜的形狀,如奈米方塊(nanocube)、奈米錐和奈米星。許多這些奈米材料可於催化反應中製造,其涉及不同於目標奈米材料之特定組成物之催化劑顆粒。這些催化製造的奈米材料之特殊群組為高縱橫比分子結構(HARM),如碳奈米管(CNT)、碳奈米芽(CNB)、銀奈米線(AgNW)和其他奈米管、奈米線與奈米帶型結構。以HARM為基礎之透明導電與半導性薄膜在許多應用中相當重要,如電晶體、印刷電子產品、觸控螢幕、感測器、光子裝置、用於太陽能電池的電極、照明、感測與顯示裝置。較厚與多孔HARM膜也可應用於如燃料電池與水淨化。就透明電極的應用而言,其中HARM薄膜較現有的ITO薄層佔優勢的主要優點為,它們具有增進之可撓性與類似的透
明度。碳耗材較銦耗材也更便宜,且更容易取得。
催化劑製造流程為此領域已知,通常包括物理蒸汽成核,以用於氣溶膠催化劑之製造,以及固體溶液中氧化物之還原,以用於CVD催化劑之製造。特別是,方法如已包含預製備催化劑顆粒的溶液蒸發法,已用於在氣相中製造催化劑顆粒。然而,本領域中已知生產催化劑顆粒的方法,通常無法預知形狀、尺寸、以及其他不良控制特性。本領域中已知的催化劑顆粒包括鎳、鈷和鐵顆粒。
在此節中,係描述如申請專利範圍中所定義之本發明主要實施例並給出某些定義。
依據本發明之第一態樣,係揭示一種製造催化劑顆粒之方法。該方法包含:形成一溶液,其包含溶劑與包括催化劑材料之材料,其中,包括催化劑材料之該材料係溶於或乳化於溶劑中;氣霧化該形成之溶液,以產生包含包括催化劑材料之該材料之液滴;以及處理該液滴,以自該液滴所包含之包括催化劑材料之材料,產生催化劑顆粒或中間催化劑顆粒。
溶液於此係指一或多種成分之任一組合,其中,至少一成分為液體、凝膠、漿液或糊狀物。依據本發明,溶劑包括可將材料分散於液相中之材料。因此,包括於溶劑中者為乳化劑。溶劑可選自於如1,1,2-三氯三氟乙烷、1-丁醇、1-辛醇、1-氯丁烷、1,4-二噁烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,4-二噁烷、1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、1,2-二氯苯、2-丁
醇、2,2,2-三氟乙醇、2-乙氧基乙基醚、2-甲氧基乙醇、2-甲氧基乙酸乙酯、乙酸、乙酸酐、乙腈(MeCN)、丙酮、苯、乙酸丁酯、苯甲腈、四氯化碳、二硫化碳、氯仿、氯苯、柑桔萜烯、環戊烷、環己烷、二氯甲烷、乙醚、二氯甲烷(DCM)、二乙基酮、二甲氧基乙烷、二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、二甲基亞碸、氧化氘丙酮、二乙基胺、二乙二醇、二乙二醇二甲醚、二甲基亞碸(DMSO)、二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、乙二醇、甲酸、甘油、己烷、庚烷、六甲基磷三醯胺、六甲基磷醯胺、異丙醇(IPA)、異丁醇、異戊醇、間二甲苯、甲醇、甲基異丁基酮、甲基乙基酮、二氯甲烷、醋酸甲酯、硝基甲烷、正丁醇、正丙醇、硝基甲烷、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、鄰-二甲苯、對-二甲苯、戊烷、石油醚、汽油醚、碳酸丙烯酯、吡啶、丙酸、四氫呋喃(THF)、甲苯、松節油、三乙基胺、第三-丁基甲基醚、第三-丁醇、四氯乙烯,與水組成之族群。其他溶劑亦可用於本發明中。
催化劑材料於此係廣泛地涵蓋所有氣體、液體、固體或任何其他可用於催化奈米材料成長之材料。範例包括,但不侷限於金屬如鐵、鎳、鉬、鈷、鉑、銅、銀或金與混合物,或含其之化合物(如碳化物、氮化物、氯化物、溴化物、硫酸鹽、羰基與氧化物)。
所製造之催化劑可為中間狀態,即中間催化劑顆粒。此係指其中顆粒實際上不需溶劑且未活化進行反應之狀態。
依據一實施例,若製造中間催化劑顆粒,
則該方法更包含處理該中間催化劑顆粒,以製造催化劑顆粒。
包括催化劑材料之材料,係指該材料包含催化劑與催化劑前驅物或催化劑來源,於此應理解為係廣泛涵蓋所有氣體、液體、固體或其他任何形式,當其經處理或加工時,可製造氣體、液體或固體形式之催化劑材料,及/或催化劑顆粒或催化劑材料。此外,於其表面具界面活性劑而可藉由溶劑化或乳化分散於溶劑中之催化劑材料與催化劑來源,於此視為包括本發明催化劑材料之材料,除非另有指出。
“材料溶於”係指該材料或其離子擴散出,並被溶劑分子包圍。
“乳化”於此係指產生一般不互溶(不可混合或不可摻合)之二或多種液體之混合物。
氣霧化所形成的溶液以產生液滴,並處理該液滴以產生催化劑顆粒,可提供控制所得催化劑顆粒各種特性如尺寸、形狀、形態和組成之技術效果。例如,若需要較大的催化劑顆粒,則可挑選可產生較大液滴之氣霧化參數,其直接影響所得催化劑顆粒的尺寸。相反地,若需要較小的催化劑顆粒,則溶劑參數可經挑選,以使每液滴中存在較少催化劑材料,其直接影響所得催化劑顆粒的尺寸。
依據一實施例,所形成之溶液具黏度0.0001 Pascal Seconds(Pa S)至10Pa S,較佳為0.0001Pa S至1Pa
S。在某些實施例中,適當之黏度為氣霧化方法與較佳溶液液滴尺寸之函數。
如同此技術領域者清楚可知,溶液可具有超越上述範圍之任何黏度。0.0001Pa S-10Pa S內之黏度可為待氣霧化溶液較佳之低黏度,可使用本發明方法氣霧化。
依據一實施例,溶液包含10-99.9重量百分比之溶劑,較佳為90-99重量百分比之溶劑。
依據一實施例,溶液包含0.01-50重量百分比之包括催化劑材料之材料,較佳為0.1-4重量百分比之包括催化劑材料之材料。
如同此技術領域者清楚可知,該溶液可包含超越上述範圍之任何重量百分比之溶劑與包括催化劑材料之材料。
依據一實施例,該方法更包含加入促進劑,以製造含有至少部分促進劑之催化劑顆粒。
促進劑於此係涵蓋氣體、液體、固體或任一其他形式之所有材料,其可促進、加速或增加或增進奈米材料之成核或成長速率,或幫助控制待製造之奈米材料之一或多種特性。促進劑之範例包括,但不侷限於,硫、硒、碲、鎵、鍺、磷、鉛、鉍、氧、氫、氨、水、醇、硫醇、醚、硫醚、酯、硫酯、胺、酮、硫酮、醛、硫醛,以及二氧化碳。就本發明目的而言,促進劑前驅物為較佳之促進劑。例如,就促進劑而言,硫化合物如噻吩、二茂鐵
基硫化物、固體硫、二硫化碳、硫酚、苯並噻吩、二硫化氫,二甲基亞碸,其為促進劑硫之前驅物或來源,於此稱之為促進劑。
促進劑可加至溶液中,在氣霧化期間或之後,或在處理期間導入。依據本發明之一實施例,促進劑係於氣霧化之前便存在於溶液中,儘管促進劑可於該製程之後加入或導入。促進劑存在於溶液中之技術效果為其相對於溶劑與催化劑材料之材料之濃度,可更精確地經控制。
依據一實施例,氣霧化溶液以製造液滴,係以噴霧噴嘴氣霧化、空氣輔助氣霧化、旋轉圓盤氣霧化、加壓液體氣霧化、電噴霧、振動孔氣霧化、超音波、噴墨印刷、噴塗法、旋轉盤塗佈,及/或電噴霧離子化進行。如同此技術領域者所知,溶液可依據本發明之其他方法進行氣霧化。
依據一實施例,處理該液滴以製造催化劑顆粒,係以加熱、蒸發、熱分解、超音波、照射,及/或化學反應進行。化學反應包含加入試劑以導致顆粒內部進行化學轉換。化學反應或熱分解反應亦可用於將材料自前驅物中釋放出。
依據一實施例,包括催化劑材料之該材料係選自於由有機金屬化合物與金屬有機化合物所組成之群組。其他包括催化劑材料之材料亦可用於本發明中。包括催化劑材料之材料傾向於在液滴處理期間釋放催化劑材料,例如,經由化學反應或熱分解反應。
此類化合物之範例包括,但不侷限於六羰基鉬、二茂鐵、五羰基鐵、二茂鎳、二茂鈷,四羰基鎳、碘(甲基)鎂MeMgI、二乙基鎂、有機鎂化合物如碘(甲基)鎂MeMgI、二乙基鎂(Et2Mg)、格氏試劑(Grignard reagents)、甲鈷胺血紅蛋白、肌紅蛋白,有機鋰化合物如正丁基鋰(n-BuLi),有機鋅如二乙基鋅(Et2Zn)與氯(乙氧基羰基甲基)鋅(ClZnCH2C(=O)OET),以及有機銅化合物,例如二甲基鋰銅(Li+[CuMe2]-)、金屬β-二酮鹽、烷氧化物,與二烷基醯胺、乙醯基丙酮化物、金屬烷氧化物、鑭系元素、錒系元素,以及半金屬,三乙基硼烷(Et3B)。
上述任一實施例之方法皆可使用於奈米材料之催化合成中。
依據本發明之第二態樣,係揭示一種方法。該方法包含:形成包含溶劑與包括催化劑材料之材料之溶液,其中,包括催化劑材料之該材料係溶於或乳化於溶劑中;氣霧化該形成之溶液,以產生包含包括催化劑材料之該材料之液滴;處理該液滴,以自該液滴所包含之包括催化劑材料之材料製造催化劑顆粒;導入奈米材料來源;以及自該奈米材料來源與該催化劑顆粒之至少一者合成奈米材料。
在本發明之一實施例中,該溶劑可做為奈米材料來源。
在本發明之一實施例中,該溶劑在奈米材料成核及/或成長之前,實質上係自催化劑顆粒或催化劑前
驅物顆粒中移除。
在本發明之一實施例中,該催化劑顆粒含有一或多種催化劑材料,以及一或多種促進劑。
此處之奈米材料係指任一材料,具最小特徵長度0.1至100nm。例如,就奈米管或奈米棒而言,該特徵尺寸為直徑。
依據一實施例,該方法更包含沉積該形成之奈米材料於基板上。
該基板可為如石英、PC、PET、PE、矽,聚矽氧或玻璃基板。
依據一實施例,該奈米材料來源為碳奈米材料來源。
奈米材料來源係指含有組成奈米材料之化合物或元素任一者或全部之任一材料。就碳奈米材料而言,例如,奈米材料來源包括碳與含碳化合物,包括一氧化碳、有機化合物與烴類。依據本發明,做為碳源,可使用各種含碳前驅物。醣類、澱粉與醇類可作為本發明之碳源。碳源包括,但不侷限於氣體碳化合物,如甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、乙烯、乙炔、以及液體揮發性碳源,如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、三甲基苯、甲醇、乙醇、及/或辛醇。單獨使用或在氫氣存在下,一氧化碳氣體亦可作為碳源。
飽和烴類(如CH4、C2H6、C3H8)、具C2H2至C2H4至C2H6芳香化合物之飽和碳鍵之系統(苯C6H6、甲苯C6H5-CH3、鄰二甲苯C6H4-(CH3)2、1,2,4-三甲基苯
C6H3-(CH3)3)苯、富勒烯分子,亦可使用作為碳源。
包含碳之奈米材料涵蓋廣範圍的結構與型態,包括薄膜、平板如石墨、球形或球體如奈米洋蔥、富勒烯與巴基球;纖維、管、棒和更複雜的形狀,例如碳奈米樹、奈米角、奈米帶、奈米錐、石墨化碳奈米管、碳豆莢和多成分奈米材料,如碳氮奈米管和碳硼奈米管。
依據本發明之第三態樣,係揭示一種製造催化劑顆粒之裝置。該裝置包含:氣霧化包含溶劑與包括催化劑材料之材料之溶液之裝置,其中,包括催化劑材料之該材料係溶於或分散於溶劑中,以製造包含包括催化劑材料之該材料之液滴;以及處理該液滴之裝置,以自該液滴所包含之包括催化劑材料之材料產生催化劑顆粒。
在一實施例中,該裝置更包含形成包含溶劑與包括催化劑材料之材料之溶液之裝置,其中,包括催化劑材料之該材料係溶於或分散於溶劑中。
在一實施例中,該裝置更包含加入促進劑之裝置,以製造包含至少一部份促進劑之催化劑顆粒。
依據一實施例,該氣霧化溶液以製造液滴之裝置,包含噴霧噴嘴氣霧化、空氣輔助氣霧化、旋轉圓盤氣霧化、加壓液體氣霧化、電噴霧、振動孔氣霧化、超音波、噴墨印刷、噴塗法、旋轉盤塗佈,及/或電噴霧離子化裝置。
在一實施例中,處理液滴以製造催化劑顆粒之裝置,包含加熱、蒸發、熱分解、超音波、照射,及/
或化學反應裝置。
依據本發明之第四態樣,係揭示一種用於製造催化劑顆粒之溶液液滴。溶液液滴包含溶劑、含催化劑材料之材料以及促進劑。
依據本發明之第五態樣,係揭示一種製造催化劑顆粒之裝置。該裝置包含:氣霧化包含溶劑與包括催化劑材料之材料之溶液之霧化器,其中,包括催化劑材料之該材料係溶於或分散於溶劑中,以製造包括催化劑材料之該材料之液滴;以及處理該液滴之反應器,以自該液滴所包含之包括催化劑材料之材料製造催化劑顆粒。
在一實施例中,該裝置更包含混合器或攪拌器,以形成包含溶劑與包括催化劑材料之材料之溶液,其中,包括催化劑材料之該材料係溶於或分散於溶劑中。
依據本發明之一實施例,該溶液含有可與一或多個溶液中之成分,進行化學性或催化性反應之試劑,以自包括催化劑材料之材料釋放催化劑材料、及/或製造或活化促進劑。
活化於此係指會導致化學或物理性變化,使預定效果之材料被活化或該材料被釋放出。範例包括自促進劑前驅物(如噻吩)釋放出促進劑(如硫)。活化可藉由如化學反應或熱分解反應而達成。
霧化器亦可為磁性混合器或攪拌器、霧化機、液滴產生器或噴霧器。
處理液滴之反應器可包含加熱單元、UV處
理單元、化學反應單元、超音波單元、加壓或減壓單元、照射單元或其組合。
依據本發明之第六態樣,係揭示一種催化劑顆粒。該催化劑顆粒包含催化劑材料與至少一促進劑。該促進劑係選自於硫、硒、碲、鎵、鍺、磷、鉛、鉍、氧、氫、氨、水、醇、硫醇、醚、硫醚、酯、硫酯、胺、酮、硫酮、醛、硫醛,以及二氧化碳組成之群組。
該催化劑顆粒可為用於合成反應之催化劑顆粒或中間催化劑顆粒。
促進劑可在使用促進劑製造催化劑顆粒之後,例如,留存於顆粒內部。例如,當催化劑顆粒使用於奈米材料合成時,包含催化劑材料與促進劑之催化劑顆粒可提供在催化劑顆粒中的奈米材料增加或降低的溶解度。催化劑材料與促進劑二者於同一催化劑顆粒中所提供之技術效果為,轉換產率、成長速率與奈米材料特性控制之增進。
在一實施例中,該催化劑材料選自於由鐵、鎳、鈷、鉑、銅、銀、金、與其任意組合、以及包括這些材料之至少一者之任一化合物所組成之群組。此類化合物可包括碳化物、氮化物、氯化物、溴化物、硫酸鹽、羰基和氧化物。
在一實施例中,該催化劑顆粒為固體。
101‧‧‧步驟
102‧‧‧攪拌器
103‧‧‧液滴
104‧‧‧催化劑顆粒
105‧‧‧促進劑
106‧‧‧中間催化劑顆粒、中間顆粒
201‧‧‧溶液
202‧‧‧液滴
204‧‧‧奈米材料
205‧‧‧奈米材料來源
第1圖顯示本發明實施例之一方法。
第2圖顯示本發明實施例之一方法。
第3a及3b圖顯示一實施例之奈米材料之SEM與TEM影像。
第4圖為60 SWCNT之直徑分布。
第5圖為一實施例中,不同硫濃度之CNT之直徑分布。
現將參照本發明實施例說明,範例將以後附圖示說明。
第1圖顯示本發明實施例之一方法。在第1圖所示之實施例中,該方法起始於形成包含溶劑與包括催化劑材料之材料之溶液,標示為步驟101。溶劑與催化劑來源(包含催化劑材料之材料)可加入攪拌器102中,以形成溶液。該催化劑來源溶解、乳化或分散於溶劑中,之後繼續該方法。溶劑可為如水、甲苯、乙醇或任何其他合適的材料,其允許催化劑來源可分散;催化劑來源可為如化合物如二茂鐵。該溶液可具有黏度0.0001Pa S至10Pa S,較佳為0.0001Pa S至1Pa S。此黏度可允許溶液有效地氣霧化。該溶液可包含10-99.9重量百分比之溶劑,較佳為90-99.9重量百分比之溶劑。其亦可具有0.001-90重量百分比之催化劑來源,較佳為0.01-50重量百分比之催化劑來源,較佳為0.1至5重量百分比之催化劑來源。上述比例範圍可於不同條件下有效地製造催化劑材料。
該溶液之後氣霧化以製造包含該催化劑來
源之液滴103。此可藉由如噴霧噴嘴氣霧化、空氣輔助氣霧化、或噴霧化而達成。包含該催化劑來源之液滴103可為不同尺寸,取決於氣霧化條件。其亦可具有尺寸分布。較佳液滴尺寸分佈的標準差低於5,更佳為低於3,尤佳為低於2,最佳為低於1.5%。在一個實施例中,氣霧尺寸分佈為單分散性(monodisperse)。
在本發明之一實施例中,無液滴或顆粒結塊或凝聚物出現,溶液之每一液滴產生一個催化劑顆粒。反應器條件如溫度、溶液、碳源和載體氣體進料速率、溶劑,含有催化劑材料之材料、溶液中促進劑重量分率、擾流量、反應器構造或空間分布、液滴或催化劑顆粒之分類或預分類、液滴或催化劑顆粒之載入、以及壓力,可經改變,以使導致之結塊或凝集之氣相中的碰撞最小化。其他控制碰撞之裝置亦可用於本發明中。
在一實施例中,液滴103經處理以製造催化劑顆粒104。此可藉由如加熱、蒸發、熱分解、超音波、照射,及/或化學反應而達成。在處理期間,溶劑可自液滴103中蒸發。催化劑顆粒104係由催化劑來源製造,即催化劑材料自包含催化劑材料之材料中釋放出,並形成催化劑顆粒。
在另一實施例中,係該催化劑材料並未完全由含催化劑材料之材料中釋放出,而形成中間催化劑顆粒106。在此案例中,溶劑移除但催化劑材料並未由含催化劑材料之材料中釋放出。該中間顆粒106可經進一步處
理,以自含催化劑材料之材料中釋放該催化劑材料。如此,亦可形成催化劑顆粒104。
該方法亦包括一選擇性步驟,加入促進劑105,如虛線箭頭所示。促進劑105可於催化劑顆粒製造期間之任一時間點加入,即,加入攪拌機102之溶液中,在氣霧化期間或處理期間導入。促進劑可增加或增進奈米材料成長速率,當所製造之催化劑顆粒用於製造奈米材料時,或有助於控制待製造之奈米材料之一或多種特性時。促進劑之一範例為噻吩。
在一實施例中,促進劑材料並未由促進劑前驅物釋放出,而形成中間促進劑顆粒(未顯示於第1圖)。
製造速率、品質控制與奈米材料產率,為材料轉換效率以及催化劑顆粒組成與均勻度之函數。由於在合成期間,奈米材料的某些特性會依賴其催化劑顆粒特性,以此方法製造之奈米材料具有可控制之特性。例如,在HARM如CNT與CNB之案例中,奈米材料之直徑與催化劑直徑直接相關。
因此,以上述方法製造之催化劑顆粒103之尺寸與其他特性,可藉由選擇不同氣霧化與處理技術與條件而控制。由於催化劑顆粒並非由預製造之催化劑材料製造,而是由溶解於、乳化於或分散於溶劑中之催化劑製造,其特性並非依賴預製造材料之特性,因此條件可經選擇,使得其不會在氣相製造前凝集。
第2圖顯示依據本發明一實施例合成奈米
材料之方法。類似於第1圖之方法,該方法可起始於形成含有溶劑與溶於、乳化於或分布於其中之催化劑來源之溶液201。之後溶液201進行氣霧化,以製造包含催化劑來源之液滴202,之後液滴經處理,並製造出催化劑顆粒。之後,奈米材料204經合成。該奈米材料可為碳奈米材料,如碳奈米管或碳奈米芽(如第2圖所示)。
就奈米材料204之合成而言,需要導入奈米材料來源205,如第2圖箭頭所示。奈米材料來源205可於此方法之任何時間點導入,且如第2圖之範例中所示,其於奈米材料204之合成期間導入。在碳奈米材料案例中,奈米材料來源205可包括碳與含碳化合物,包括一氧化碳、碳水化合物與碳氫化合物。溶劑亦可作為奈米材料來源,例如,一旦溶劑實質上自液滴中蒸發時。
促進劑亦可於第2圖所示之方法中之任一時間點加入。促進劑可幫助奈米材料204之合成,加速反應或提供奈米材料204之某些特性控制。
依據本發明,催化劑材料、含催化劑材料之材料,或促進劑,可藉由溶劑化(solvation)、乳化而分散,儘管亦可使用界面活性劑或其他方法將其分散於溶劑中。
在本發明之一實施例中,在奈米材料成核或催化劑顆粒催化性合成之前,溶劑可藉由如蒸發或化學反應而移除,使得催化劑材料、含催化劑材料之材料,與促進劑(若存在的話),之一或多者不再存在於溶液中、乳化或分散於溶劑中。結果為,催化劑可為固體、液體或熔
融狀態。依據本發明,該顆粒可經進一步處理,如藉由加入能量或經由化學反應,以自促進劑前驅物釋放催化劑材料及/或促進劑,而被活化。
依據本發明之一實施例,可儲存中間物狀態之液體、固體或熔融催化劑顆粒(即該狀態實質上無溶劑,但在其經活化進行催化反應之前),以用於之後分散於氣霧反應器中,或沉積於表面支撐奈米材料成長之基板上。
依據本發明之一實施例,該液體、固體或熔融最終催化劑顆粒或中間催化劑顆粒,係儲存於基板上,或第二溶液中,於其中,係藉由界面活性劑分散,或之後氣霧化至奈米材料合成反應器中,或塗佈於基板上。
在本發明之一實施例中,催化劑顆粒或中間催化劑顆粒在載體氣體中時立即使用,以製造奈米材料,或於載體氣體中立即經處理,以製造催化劑顆粒,其在載體氣體中時立即使用,以製造奈米材料,因此不須收集與儲存於基板上或稍後使用之溶液中。
合成之奈米材料204之後可沉積於基板上(未顯示)。
在本發明之一實施中,催化劑前驅物材料(二茂鐵)與促進劑(噻吩)係溶於溶劑(甲苯)中,以形成液體原料(包括溶劑與催化劑來源之溶液),其之後以氮氣(載體氣體)噴射流氣霧化,以製造氣霧液滴。在此範例中,甲苯亦為奈米材料(在此案例中為碳)來源。此氣霧化持續於反
應器中進行,經由不鏽鋼管,以高流速(8 lpm)之第二促進劑(氫氣(H2))進行。其他氣相反應物(碳來源乙烯(C2H4)與二氧化碳(CO2))係導入,並與所欲之氣流混合。氣體反應物流量經質量流量控制器測量並控制。其他奈米材料來源、溶劑、促進劑、載體氣體、反應器材料與結構、以及流速,皆可使用於本發明實施例中。
催化劑顆粒(在此案例中為鐵,儘管其他催化劑顆粒亦可用於本發明)可由調整液滴(在此範例中藉由熱分解二茂鐵),之後於爐內成長鐵原子簇而獲得。其他製造催化劑顆粒與其他催化劑材料與前驅物之方法,亦可用於本發明中。該反應器為5cm直徑之以拆管式爐(split tube furnace)加熱之石英管,其具60cm長之熱區。其他反應器材料,導入能量之裝置與空間配置,亦可使用於本發明。
之後於各種溫度下,包括1100℃,進行CNT(碳奈米管)合成。該合成可於大氣壓力下,於反應器中之層流條件下進行,儘管其他壓力與流速條件(如紊流或過渡流)亦可用於本發明。任何其他壓力亦可用於本發明。於反應器出口,使用11cm直徑硝基纖維素濾膜(Millipore,0.45μm直徑孔洞)收集CNT。其他收集裝置亦可使用於本發明,包括直接熱泳、慣性、重力和電泳沉積。反應器中之滯留時間為約2秒。其他滯留時間亦可使用於本發明中,而有足夠時間成長,但碳來源之凝集與排出受限。
氣霧數目尺寸分布係以靜電微分遷移率分
析儀(TSI模組3071)與冷凝顆粒計數器(TSI模組3775)測量。為了測量CNT薄膜之光學吸收光譜與穿透度(於550nm測量),CNT由硝基纖維素濾膜轉移至1mm厚之石英基板上(Finnish玻璃),該光譜以UV-vis-NIR吸收光譜儀紀錄(Perkin-Elmer Lambda 950)。就TEM觀察而言,CNT直接沉積於銅TEM網格上(Agar Scientific lacey碳篩),藉由將其置於反應器出口之收集濾膜上。高解析度TEM影像係以雙像差校正JEOL JEM-2200FS紀錄。SEM影像係以Zeiss Sigma VP顯微鏡紀錄。Raman光譜係以HORIBA Jobin Yvon LabRAM HR 800光譜儀與633nm氦氖雷射紀錄。薄片電阻係以4點線性探針測量(Jandel 4點探針,Jandel Engineering Ltd)。
由霧化器產生之包含催化劑來源之氣霧液滴具幾何平均直徑72.4nm以及對數標準差1.7。在本實施例之較佳操作中,氣霧顆粒前驅物液滴係以霧化器形成,儘管其他技術上已知可由原料產生氣霧之裝置亦可使用。霧化器可產生定義良好的尺寸分布與濃度之氣霧,其可藉由改變霧化氮氣流而微調。
在一示範性實施例中,合成溫度設定為1100℃。於該溫度下,薄膜可輕易地由濾膜上撕下,並可藉由乾式轉移技術成功地轉移至聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、玻璃與石英基板上。SEM(第3a圖)與TEM(第3b圖)影像顯示出長的CNT與清楚的網狀。
僅觀測到少量副產物於CNT壁上。由60
SWCNT(單壁碳奈米管)直徑測量獲得之直徑分布示於第4圖。由這些測量值計算之平均直徑為2.1nm。
原料係以濃度界於0.5%wt與4%wt.間之二茂鐵製備,CNT薄膜之良好光電表現,可由所測試之最低二茂鐵濃度(0.5%wt.二茂鐵原料)獲得。當二茂鐵濃度增加時,某些穿透度之CNT薄膜合成速率亦增加,但薄板電阻亦如此。選定二茂鐵濃度0.5%wt.於下列示範實施例中。
噻吩導入反應器中作為用於CNT成長的含硫促進劑。已進行液體原料中不同噻吩濃度之各種合成:硫對鐵(S/Fe)之莫耳比例於0至4:1之間變化。為了試驗硫濃度改變對於直徑分布之影響,遂使用可直接預測完整CNT直徑分布之光學吸收光譜。觀察到硫會些微改變CNT直徑分布。進行直徑分布之高斯擬合(Gaussian fitting),以獲得不同硫濃度下之CNT平均直徑(第5圖)。直徑由1.9增加至2.3nm,其中S/Fe原子比例由1:1增加至4:1。
係進行乙烯濃度影響之研究,而藉由以不同流速(由4sccm至100sccm)之作為碳來源之乙烯,製造出各種CNT樣本。由於在反應器出口之CNT收集時間,就所有樣本而言皆相同,因此觀察到導入更多乙烯至反應器中,可增加合成產率,亦會些微降低CNT分布直徑。
此技術領域者應可清楚了解本技術優點,本發明之基本觀念可以各種方式實施。因此,本發明與其實施例並未受到上述範例限制;相反地,其可於申請專利範圍所述之範疇中變化。
101‧‧‧步驟
102‧‧‧攪拌器
103‧‧‧液滴
104‧‧‧催化劑顆粒
105‧‧‧促進劑
106‧‧‧中間催化劑顆粒、中間顆粒
Claims (24)
- 一種製造催化劑顆粒之方法,特徵在於該方法包含:形成一溶液,其包含溶劑與包括催化劑材料之材料,其中,包括催化劑材料之該材料係溶於或乳化於該溶劑中,氣霧化該形成之溶液以產生液滴,該液滴包含包括催化劑材料之該材料,以及處理該液滴,以自該液滴所包含之包括催化劑材料之該材料產生催化劑顆粒或中間催化劑顆粒。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中,係製造中間催化劑顆粒,該方法更包含:處理該中間催化劑顆粒,以製造催化劑顆粒。
- 如申請專利範圍第1與2項中任一項所述之方法,其中,該形成之溶液的黏度為0.0001 Pascal Seconds至10 Pascal Seconds,較佳介於0.0001 Pascal Seconds至1 Pascal Seconds。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項所述之方法,其中,該溶液包含10-99.9重量百分比之溶劑,較佳為90-99.9重量百分比之溶劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項所述之方法,其中,該溶液包含0.01-50重量百分比之包括催化劑材料之材料,較佳為0.1-4重量百分比之包括催化劑材料之材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項所述之方法,其 中,該方法更包含加入促進劑,以製造包含至少一部份該促進劑之催化劑顆粒。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之方法,其中,該促進劑係加入至包含溶劑與包括催化劑材料之材料之該溶液中。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項所述之方法,其中,氣霧化該溶液以製造該液滴,係以噴霧噴嘴氣霧化、空氣輔助氣霧化、旋轉圓盤氣霧化、加壓液體氣霧化、電噴霧、振動孔氣霧化、超音波、噴墨印刷、噴塗法、旋轉盤塗佈、及/或電噴霧離子化進行。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至8項中任一項所述之方法,其中,處理該液滴以產生催化劑顆粒,係以加熱、蒸發、熱分解、超音波、照射、及/或化學反應進行。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至9項中任一項所述之方法,其中,包括催化劑材料之該材料係選自於由有機金屬化合物與金屬有機化合物所組成之族群。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1至10項中任一項所述之方法於奈米材料之催化合成反應中之用途。
- 一種製造奈米材料之方法,特徵在於該方法包含:形成包含溶劑與包括催化劑材料之材料之溶液,其中,包括催化劑材料之該材料係溶於或乳化於該溶劑中,氣霧化該形成之溶液,以製造包含包括催化劑材料之該材料之液滴, 處理該液滴,以自該液滴所包含之包括催化劑材料之該材料產生催化劑顆粒,導入奈米材料來源,以及自該奈米材料來源與該催化劑顆粒的至少一者合成奈米材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項所述之方法,其中,該方法更包含沉積該形成之奈米材料於基板上。
- 如申請專利範圍第12與13項中任一項所述之方法,其中,該奈米材料來源為碳奈米材料來源。
- 一種用於製造催化劑顆粒之設備,特徵為該設備包含:氣霧化包含溶劑與包括催化劑材料之材料之溶液的裝置,其中,包括催化劑材料之該材料係溶於或分散於該溶劑中,以製造包含包括催化劑材料之該材料之液滴,以及處理該液滴之裝置,以自該液滴所包含之包括催化劑材料之該材料製造催化劑顆粒或中間催化劑顆粒。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項所述之設備,更包含形成包含溶劑與包括催化劑材料之材料之溶液的裝置,其中,包括催化劑材料之該材料係溶於或分散於該溶劑中。
- 如申請專利範圍第15與16項中任一項所述之設備,其中,該設備包含加入促進劑之裝置,以製造包含至少一部份該促進劑之催化劑顆粒。
- 如申請專利範圍第15至17項中任一項所述之設備,其 中,該氣霧化該溶液以製造該液滴之裝置,包含噴霧噴嘴氣霧化、空氣輔助氣霧化、旋轉圓盤氣霧化、加壓液體氣霧化、電噴霧、振動孔氣霧化、超音波、噴墨印刷、噴塗法、旋轉盤塗佈,及/或電噴霧離子化裝置。
- 如申請專利範圍第15至18項中任一項所述之設備,其中,該處理該液滴以製造催化劑顆粒之裝置,包含加熱、蒸發、熱分解、照射、超音波,及/或化學反應裝置。
- 一種溶液液滴,用於製造包含溶劑、含催化劑材料之材料以及促進劑之催化劑顆粒。
- 如申請專利範圍第20項所述之溶液液滴,其中,該催化劑材料選自於由鐵、鎳、鈷、鉑、銅、銀、金,及其任意組合、以及包括這些材料之至少一者之化合物所組成之群組。
- 一種催化劑顆粒,特徵為該催化劑顆粒包含催化劑材料與至少一促進劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第22項所述之催化劑顆粒,其中,該促進劑係選自於硫、硒、碲、鎵、鍺、磷、鉛、鉍、氧、氫、氨、水、醇、硫醇、醚、硫醚、酯、硫酯、胺、酮、硫酮、醛、硫醛,以及二氧化碳所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第23項所述之催化劑顆粒,其中,該催化劑材料、含催化劑材料之該材料,以及該促進劑 為固體、液體或熔融狀態。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI20145530 | 2014-06-09 | ||
??20145530 | 2014-06-09 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW201605541A true TW201605541A (zh) | 2016-02-16 |
TWI655966B TWI655966B (zh) | 2019-04-11 |
Family
ID=53496731
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW104118575A TWI655966B (zh) | 2014-06-09 | 2015-06-09 | 催化劑顆粒及生產該催化劑顆粒的方法 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20170113213A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3157675A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2017521237A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20170020422A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN106660799A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2951651A1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI655966B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2015189470A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10195668B2 (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2019-02-05 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Method for continuous and controllable production of single walled carbon nanotubes |
US9957168B2 (en) | 2014-07-09 | 2018-05-01 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Method for synthesis of ruthenium nanoparticles with face-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed structures |
IT201600118991A1 (it) * | 2016-11-24 | 2018-05-24 | Univ Degli Studi Genova | Processo di sintesi a freddo di nanoparticelle da fasi aerosolizzate e impianto per la sua attuazione |
CN110813295B (zh) * | 2018-08-13 | 2023-04-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 浆态床加氢催化剂的制备方法及应用 |
CN109607513B (zh) * | 2018-11-29 | 2022-05-31 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | 一种生长促进剂可控制备不含硫杂质的单壁碳纳米管方法 |
CN112225198B (zh) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-07-19 | 宁波埃氪新材料科技有限公司 | 一种汽车锂电池用的尺寸可调控碳纳米管合成方法及其制成的碳纳米管催化剂、碳纳米管 |
CN115178265B (zh) * | 2022-07-15 | 2023-11-21 | 江苏扬农化工集团有限公司 | 一种制备醋酸环己酯加氢催化剂的装置及方法 |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4629478A (en) * | 1984-06-22 | 1986-12-16 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Monodisperse aerosol generator |
JPH05228374A (ja) * | 1992-02-21 | 1993-09-07 | Tdk Corp | 酸化触媒とその製造方法 |
US6162530A (en) * | 1996-11-18 | 2000-12-19 | University Of Connecticut | Nanostructured oxides and hydroxides and methods of synthesis therefor |
US6489408B2 (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-12-03 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Polymerization process |
JP2003221215A (ja) * | 2002-01-30 | 2003-08-05 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | カーボンナノチューブの製造方法 |
FR2841233B1 (fr) * | 2002-06-24 | 2004-07-30 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et dispositif de depot par pyrolyse de nanotubes de carbone |
JP2005146406A (ja) * | 2003-10-23 | 2005-06-09 | Zenhachi Okumi | 微粒子の製造方法及びそのための装置 |
FI121334B (fi) * | 2004-03-09 | 2010-10-15 | Canatu Oy | Menetelmä ja laitteisto hiilinanoputkien valmistamiseksi |
JP5377850B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-15 | 2013-12-25 | キャボット コーポレイション | 修飾炭素生成物及びその用途 |
JP4706058B2 (ja) * | 2005-01-04 | 2011-06-22 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 極細単層カーボンナノチューブからなる炭素繊維集合体の製造方法 |
EP1693107A1 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2006-08-23 | Rohm And Haas Company | Method for preparing mixed-metal oxide catalysts and the catalysts produced thereby |
FI120195B (fi) * | 2005-11-16 | 2009-07-31 | Canatu Oy | Hiilinanoputket, jotka on funktionalisoitu kovalenttisesti sidotuilla fullereeneilla, menetelmä ja laitteisto niiden tuottamiseksi ja niiden komposiitit |
FI20060428L (fi) * | 2006-05-03 | 2007-11-04 | Esko Kauppinen | Pintamodifioidut aerosolihiukkaset, menetelmä ja laite niiden tuottamiseksi sekä jauheet ja dispersiot jotka sisältävät kyseisiä hiukkasia |
JP5473306B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-03 | 2014-04-16 | 関西電力株式会社 | カーボンナノチューブ製造用触媒、それを用いたカーボンナノチューブの製造方法及び該触媒の製造方法 |
CN102459727B (zh) * | 2009-04-17 | 2015-04-15 | 赛尔斯通股份有限公司 | 还原碳氧化合物生成固态碳的方法 |
JP2010254507A (ja) * | 2009-04-23 | 2010-11-11 | Fujitsu Semiconductor Ltd | 線状構造体の成長方法及び成長装置 |
KR101334601B1 (ko) * | 2011-10-11 | 2013-11-29 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 고직선성의 금속 나노선, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 투명 전도막 |
-
2015
- 2015-06-08 EP EP15732757.8A patent/EP3157675A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-06-08 CN CN201580030524.8A patent/CN106660799A/zh active Pending
- 2015-06-08 CA CA2951651A patent/CA2951651A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-06-08 WO PCT/FI2015/050399 patent/WO2015189470A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-06-08 US US15/317,717 patent/US20170113213A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-06-08 JP JP2016571412A patent/JP2017521237A/ja active Pending
- 2015-06-08 KR KR1020177000505A patent/KR20170020422A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-06-09 TW TW104118575A patent/TWI655966B/zh active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20170020422A (ko) | 2017-02-22 |
JP2017521237A (ja) | 2017-08-03 |
US20170113213A1 (en) | 2017-04-27 |
WO2015189470A1 (en) | 2015-12-17 |
CN106660799A (zh) | 2017-05-10 |
EP3157675A1 (en) | 2017-04-26 |
CA2951651A1 (en) | 2015-12-17 |
TWI655966B (zh) | 2019-04-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TWI655966B (zh) | 催化劑顆粒及生產該催化劑顆粒的方法 | |
JP4920574B2 (ja) | 単層、多層、機能化及びドープ処理カーボンナノチューブ、並びにそれらの複合物 | |
Rahmanian et al. | Synthesis of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on carbon fiber | |
CN102725226B (zh) | 通过机械方式使石墨材料变薄来制备石墨烯 | |
JP5054021B2 (ja) | フラーレン官能基化カーボンナノチューブ | |
Golnabi | Carbon nanotube research developments in terms of published papers and patents, synthesis and production | |
CA2896462C (en) | Method for producing carbon nanostructures, and device | |
ES2742375T3 (es) | Método y aparato para producir nanotubos de carbono largos | |
Yadav et al. | Role of sulfur source on the structure of carbon nanotube cotton synthesized by floating catalyst chemical vapour deposition | |
US20170203967A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for producing nanomaterial | |
JP6403144B2 (ja) | 気相法微細炭素繊維の製造方法 | |
Everhart et al. | Efficient growth of carbon nanotube carpets enabled by in situ generation of water | |
CN111094179B (zh) | 由排列碳纳米管制成的电缆的制造方法 | |
Prasek et al. | Chemical vapor depositions for carbon nanotubes synthesis | |
Govindaraj et al. | Synthesis, growth mechanism and processing of carbon nanotubes | |
KR20110075096A (ko) | 탄소나노튜브 복합 구조체의 제조방법 | |
Sadeghian et al. | Synthesis optimisation and characterisation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes produced by spray pyrolysis of hexane | |
Mirabootalebi et al. | Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes by Chemical Vapor Deposition Methods-Review | |
陳忠明 | Development of production methods of submillimeter-long carbon nanotubes | |
Kim et al. | Gas‐Phase Growth of Heterostructures of Carbon Nanotubes and Bimetallic Nanowires | |
Ionescu et al. | Controlled synthesis of carbon nanotubes by various CVD and PECVD methods | |
Ndwandwe | Synthesis and characterization of carbon nanomaterials using BIS (acetylacetonato) oxovanadium (IV), Manganese (III) Acetylacetonate, Co-Zn and CoAI as catalyst precursors. |