TW201528596A - 適用於鋰離子電池的負極材料組成物 - Google Patents
適用於鋰離子電池的負極材料組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201528596A TW201528596A TW103101136A TW103101136A TW201528596A TW 201528596 A TW201528596 A TW 201528596A TW 103101136 A TW103101136 A TW 103101136A TW 103101136 A TW103101136 A TW 103101136A TW 201528596 A TW201528596 A TW 201528596A
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- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- lithium ion
- ion battery
- electrode material
- graphite
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UNASZPQZIFZUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneniobium Chemical compound [Nb]#C UNASZPQZIFZUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract 5
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 15
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013022 formulation composition Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXANAQMHYPHTGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium;ethyne Chemical compound [Ce].[C-]#[C] WXANAQMHYPHTGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynetantalum Chemical compound [Ta]#C NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001690 polydopamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一種適用於鋰離子電池的負極材料組成物,包含一活性材料單元,包括一石墨材料及一含矽材料,該石墨材料具有多數石墨顆粒,該含矽材料具有多數均勻分散於該等石墨顆粒之間的矽片;一添加劑單元,包括一黏結該等石墨顆粒與該等矽片的第一黏結劑;其中,該等矽片具有一長度及一厚度,該厚度的範圍為20至300nm,且該長度與該厚度的比例範圍為2:1至2000:1。
Description
本發明是有關於一種適用於鋰離子電池的負極材料組成物,特別是指一種包含石墨材料及含矽材料的適用於鋰離子電池的負極材料組成物。
鋰電池已大量應用於筆記型電腦、行動電話、數位相機、攝影機、PDA、藍牙耳機和無線3C用品等。市面上已經商業化的二次鋰離子電池而言,大多採用碳質材料作為負極,例如:中間相碳微球(Mesocarbon Microbeads,簡稱MCMB,克電容量為310mAh/g)或人工石墨(克電容量為350mAh/g)。然而,以碳為主體的負極材料已經達到理論電容量372mAh/g的瓶頸,無法符合對於高功率以及高能量密度鋰電池的需求。
相較於石墨材料,矽質材料擁有相當大的理論比電容量(3800mAh/g),較石墨材料(372mAh/g)要高出約一個數量級,因此被作為一種新興二次鋰離子電池負極材料。然而,在鋰電池的充放電過程中,會因為鋰離子反覆地嵌入及嵌出矽質負極材料,而使矽質負極材料發生膨脹及收縮,其體積膨脹率可高達400%,充放電後會導致矽質負極材料崩裂,使得內部阻抗增加,而降低鋰電池的使用
壽命。
目前矽質負極材料1作法是將石墨11加入一溶劑及黏結劑12的混合溶液中,再加入顆粒狀矽粉13及導電碳粉14等材料,使黏結劑12將石墨11、顆粒狀矽粉13及導電碳粉14黏結而形成如圖1所示的適用於鋰離子電池負極的矽質負極材料1。當實際使用該矽質負極材料1作為鋰離子電池負極時,顆粒狀矽粉13因鋰離子嵌入而往四面八方膨脹,於是導致該矽質負極材料1崩裂,大幅縮短該鋰離子電池的使用壽命。
因此,找尋一種使用壽命長、不易崩裂且製作簡易的適用於鋰離子電池的負極材料組成物,仍是目前急欲解決的問題。
因此,本發明之目的,即在提供一種適用於鋰離子電池的負極材料組成物。
於是本發明適用於鋰離子電池的負極材料組成物,包含一活性材料單元及一添加劑單元。該活性材料單元,包括一石墨材料及一含矽材料,該石墨材料具有多數石墨顆粒,該含矽材料具有多數均勻分散於該等石墨顆粒之間的矽片;該添加劑單元,包括一黏結該等石墨顆粒與該等矽片的第一黏結劑;其中,該等矽片具有一長度及一厚度,該厚度的範圍為20至300nm,且該長度與該厚度的比例範圍為2:1至2000:1。
本發明之功效在於:透過該含矽材料具有多數
均勻分散於該等石墨顆粒之間的矽片,相對於傳統使用的顆粒狀矽粉,由於該等矽片具有較薄的厚度,可以避免鋰離子電池負極材料在反覆充放電的過程中因含矽材料朝四面八方膨脹引起的形變效果所導致負極崩裂。
1‧‧‧矽質負極材料
11‧‧‧石墨
12‧‧‧黏結劑
13‧‧‧顆粒狀矽粉
14‧‧‧導電碳粉
2‧‧‧活性材料單元
21‧‧‧石墨材料
211‧‧‧石墨顆粒
22‧‧‧含矽材料
221‧‧‧矽片
23‧‧‧導電碳粉
24‧‧‧第二黏結劑
25‧‧‧應力緩衝顆粒
3‧‧‧添加劑單元
31‧‧‧第一黏結劑
本發明之其他的特徵及功效,將於參照圖式的實施方式中清楚地呈現,其中:圖1是一示意圖,說明現有技術的矽質負極材料;圖2是一示意圖,說明本發明適用於鋰離子電池的負極材料組成物;圖3是一示意圖,說明本發明適用於鋰離子電池的負極材料組成物;圖4是一SEM圖,說明實施例1應力緩衝含矽複合顆粒所包含的矽片;圖5是一SEM圖,說明實施例2應力緩衝含矽複合顆粒所包含的矽片;圖6是一SEM圖,說明實施例1負極材料的表面狀態;圖7是一SEM圖,說明比較例1負極材料的表面狀態;圖8是一電容量-電位關係圖,說明實施例1經三次充放電循環測試後的結果;圖9是一電容量-電位關係圖,說明實施例2經三次充放電循環測試後的結果;
圖10是一電容量-電位關係圖,說明比較例1經三次充放電循環測試後的結果;圖11是一電容量-電位關係圖,說明比較例2經多次充放電循環測試後的結果;及圖12是一充電放電循環次數-最終電容量關係圖,說明實施例1經充電放電循環測試的結果。
如圖2所示,本發明適用於鋰離子電池的負極材料組成物,包含一活性材料單元2及一添加劑單元3。該活性材料單元2,包括一石墨材料21及一含矽材料22,該石墨材料21具有多數石墨顆粒211,該含矽材料22具有多數分散於該等石墨顆粒之間的矽片221;該添加劑單元3,包括一黏結該等石墨顆粒211與該等矽片221的第一黏結劑31;其中,該等矽片221具有一長度及一厚度,該厚度的範圍為20至300nm,且該長度與該厚度的比例範圍為2:1至2000:1。
如果直接使用一直徑為1μm的顆粒狀矽粉做為含矽材料,鋰電池充電時,顆粒狀矽粉的直徑會由1μm膨脹至4μm,顆粒狀矽粉往四面八方膨脹,相互推擠、擠壓,造成負極崩裂,使該鋰電池的電量下降。
為了避免上述問題發生,本案所用的含矽材料是將矽錠以線鋸切割成多個厚度為20至300nm的不規則長條狀矽片。假設該矽片的厚度為50nm,當鋰電池充電時,該矽片的厚度由50膨脹至200nm,且各矽片的直徑略有不
同,彼此推擠時可以互相卡合調整,因此不會因為過度的應力變化引起負極崩裂;此外,相較於等體積的顆粒狀矽粉,矽片具有更大的表面積及可以彼此層層交錯相疊的幾何結構而可以在充電-放電的過程中使更多的鋰離子嵌入/嵌出,且矽片的上表面及下表面的平面結構更有利於鋰離子堆疊。
較佳地,如圖2所示,該石墨材料21還具有多數個導電碳粉23均勻分散於該等石墨顆粒211及矽片221之間。
較佳地,每一矽片的厚度範圍為50至100nm,且該長度與該厚度的比例範圍為10:1至2000:1。
較佳地,以該活性材料單元的重量為100重量份計,該添加劑單元的用量範圍為3至100重量份。
較佳地,以該活性材料單元的總重為100wt%計,該含矽材料的含量範圍為0.5至90wt%,該石墨材料的含量範圍為99.5至10wt%。
較佳地,該第一黏結劑是至少一種選自於由下列所構成群組的化合物:聚氟化二乙烯(Polyvinylidene fluoride,簡稱PVDF)、聚偏氯乙烯(polyvinylidine chloride)、聚氟亞乙烯(polyfluoro vinylidene)、聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol)、羧甲基纖維素(carboxymethyl cellulose,簡稱CMC)、澱粉、羥丙基纖維素(hydroxypropyl cellulose)、再生纖維素(regenerated cellulose)、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(polyvinyl pyrrolidone)、四氟乙烯(tetrafluoroethylene)、聚
乙烯(polyethylene)、聚丙烯(polypropylene)、乙烯-丙烯-二烯聚合物(ethylene-propylene-diene polymer,簡稱EPDM)、磺化乙烯-丙烯-二烯聚合物、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠(styrene butadiene rubber,簡稱SBR)、氟橡膠(fluorine rubber),及前述之組合。其中苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠等是具有親水性基團,聚氟化二乙烯等是具有親油性基團。更佳地,該第一黏結劑是至少一種選自於苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠或羧甲基纖維素,及前述之組合。
較佳地,該含矽材料還包含一應力緩衝結構劑,該應力緩衝結構劑具有多數個應力緩衝顆粒25,該等應力緩衝顆粒25具有一大於100GPa的楊氏模數,且每一應力緩衝顆粒被鄰近的矽片221所包覆,形成一應力緩衝含矽複合顆粒。又較佳地,該應力緩衝含矽複合顆粒是由多數個矽片221包覆該應力緩衝顆粒25且藉由一第二黏結劑24黏結於該應力緩衝顆粒25。更佳地,如圖3所示,該應力緩衝含矽複合顆粒是藉由該第二黏結劑25黏結該等矽片221於該等應力緩衝顆粒25,並形成一含矽外殼,該含矽外殼是不規則地穿插交疊而成類巢狀的圍繞結構。其中,該第二黏結劑24的種類及變化態樣是與該第一黏結劑31相同,在此不再贅述。較佳地,該第二黏結劑24的種類與該第一黏結劑31相同。
當該含矽材料包含該應力緩衝結構劑,較佳地,以該含矽材料的總重為100wt%計,該應力緩衝結構劑的用量範圍為0.5至90wt%,該第二黏結劑的含量範圍為0.5
至20wt%,及由該等矽片所構成的該含矽外殼的含量範圍為1至75wt%。更佳地,以該含矽材料的總重為100wt%計,該應力緩衝顆粒的含量範圍為15至80wt%,該黏結劑的含量範圍為1至15wt%,及該含矽外殼的含量範圍為10至70wt%。
較佳地,該應力緩衝顆粒的材料是至少一種選自於由下列所構成群組的化合物:碳化矽(SiC)、氮化矽(Si3N4)、氮化鈦(TiN)、碳化鈦(TiC)、碳化鎢(WC)、氮化鋁(AlN)、鎵、鍺、硼、錫、銦,及前述之組合。更佳地,該應力緩衝顆粒的材料是碳化矽。
本發明將就以下實施例來作進一步說明,但應瞭解的是,該實施例僅為例示說明之用,而不應被解釋為本發明實施之限制。
[製備適用於鋰離子電池的負極材料組成物]
[實施例1]
將苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠(作為第二黏結劑)溶於水中,形成一黏結劑溶液。將矽片(將矽錠以線鋸處理後,成為厚度為100~300nm、長度為100至10,000nm的矽片,該矽片之SEM照片是如圖4所示)加入該黏結劑溶液中,攪拌至完全均勻分散後,形成一第一混合物漿料。
在矽片均勻分散於該第一混合物漿料中之後,將碳化矽(作為應力緩衝顆粒,具有粒徑12μm及楊氏模數450GPa)加入該第一混合物漿料,攪拌至完全均勻後,使得該等應
力緩衝顆粒均勻分散於該第一混合物漿料中且吸附鄰近的矽片而形成一第二混合物漿料,其中,將該第二混合物漿料中具有多數個應力緩衝含矽複合顆粒。
將羧甲基纖維素(作為第一黏結劑)溶於水,以1000rmp攪拌1小時後形成一羧甲基纖維素溶液。加入導電碳粉於該羧甲基纖維素溶液,以4000rmp攪拌30分鐘至該導電碳粉均勻分散後,加入該第二混合物漿料,以4000rmp攪拌30分鐘至該第二混合物漿料中的應力緩衝含矽複合顆粒均勻分散後,再加入石墨粉末(粒徑18μm),以4000rmp攪拌30分鐘後,製得一負極材料組成物漿料。
取一圓片形之銅箔基板(面積1.33cm2),利用研磨處理除去該銅箔基板表面的氧化物與有機污染物,並提升表面平整度,再置入以丙酮與乙醇溶液中以超音波震盪方式清潔基板上之油膜等污染物,隨即將該含有該負極材料組成物漿料以攪拌器均勻攪拌後,取約3mg以刮刀塗佈於該基板,進行乾燥至溶劑移除後,接著進行熱壓使試片更加緻密,製得該實施例1之負極材料。
實施例1之負極材料組成物的配方組成及比例詳細記載於表1。
[實施例2]
包含實施例2負極材料組成物的負極材料的製備方法是與實施例1大致相同,唯一不同處在於所添加的矽片具有厚度為50至100nm及長度為100至10,000nm(矽片之SEM照片是如圖5所示)。
實施例2之負極材料組成物的配方組成及比例詳細記載於表1。
[比較例1]
將苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠(作為第一黏結劑)溶於水中,形成一黏結劑溶液。將石墨粉末(粒徑18μm)及導電碳粉加入該黏結劑溶液中,以攪拌至完全均勻後,形成一第一混合物漿料,再將矽粉(顆粒狀,粒徑為1μm)加入該混合物漿料,攪拌至完全均勻後,使得該等矽粉均勻分散於該第一混合物漿料中且形成比較例1之含有多數個矽粉的負極組成物漿料。
取一圓片形之銅箔基板(面積1.33cm2),利用研磨處理除去該銅箔基板上的氧化物與有機污染物,並提升表面平整度,再置入以丙酮與乙醇溶液中以超音波震盪方式清潔基板上之油膜等污染物,隨即將該含有多數個矽粉的負極組成物漿料,以攪拌器均勻攪拌後,取約3mg以刮刀塗佈於該基板,進行乾燥至溶劑移除後,接著進行熱壓使試片更加緻密,製得該比較例1之負極材料。
比較例1負極組成物的配方組成及比例詳細記載於表1。
[比較例2]
包含比較例2負極材料組成物的負極材料的製備方法是與實施例1大致相同,唯一不同處在於將矽片改為粒徑為1μm的顆粒狀矽粉。
比較例2負極組成物的配方組成及比例詳細記載於表
1。
[鋰離子電池的製作方式]
以鋰金屬為相對電極,導電碳為助導劑,羧甲基纖維素及苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠為黏結劑,將負極材料組成物粉體以黏結劑黏結於銅金屬薄片製得一負極材料。取前述實施例或比較例所製備的負極材料與正極材料、聚丙烯(polypropylene,簡稱PP)隔離膜,及以LiPF6為溶質之電解液,配合CR2032組件,以常規製法製成鈕扣型電池。
[充電放電循環測試]
於25℃下,充電放電範圍為0至1.5V,形成充電-放電電流為0.1C。將比較例1及實施例1經循環充電-放電測試的電極表面以SEM(供應商:Hitachi,型號:4800)記錄,並繪製實施例1及2及比較例1之三次充電放電循環的電容-電量關係圖,以及實施例1及2的充電放電循環次數-最終電容量關係圖。
首先,如圖7所示,比較例1經3次充電放電循環後,負極表面出現裂痕,顯示充電後矽粉膨脹,放電後又收縮會導致負極材料崩裂。如圖6所示,實施例1之負極材料經250次充電放電循環後,負極材料表面沒有裂痕出現,結構維持完整,顯示充電放電所引起的均勻分散的矽片膨脹及收縮不會導致該負極材料崩裂,證明含有本發明負極材料組成物經反覆充電放電後,負極結構維持完整。
在圖8、9、10及11中,cc表示充電,dc表示
放電。如圖10所示,雖然比較例1之第一次充電量為220mAh/g,但第二次充電放電循環直接由約220mAh/g降低至約50mAh/g,僅一次充電-放電循環電量就大幅衰減,甚至最終電量比石墨負極(約350mAh/g)還要差。推測是因為該負極材料中該等顆粒狀矽粉充電後往四面八方膨脹為原體積的400%,會產生較該等矽片更大幅的體積差異,彼此相互推擠、擠壓,造成負極崩裂,而導致該電極崩裂,電池的電量下降。
如圖11所示,相較於現有石墨負極之容電量325mAh/g,雖然比較例2之第一次充電量為370mAh/g,且第二次充電放電循環的充電量仍維持約320mAh/g,但第三至九次之後大幅降低為約160至210mAh/g。比較例2僅二次充電-放電循環後電量就大幅衰減,最終電量明顯低於石墨負極,推測是因為該負極材料中的該等顆粒狀矽粉未能在該應力緩衝顆粒外圍形成具有類巢狀環繞結構的含矽外殼,導致該應力緩衝顆粒無法均勻緩衝充電-放電時候該等顆粒狀矽粉膨脹的所產生的應力變化,而導致該負極崩裂,電池的電量下降。
如圖8所示,實施例1選用厚度為100至300nm的矽片,在完成三次充電-放電循環後,電量維持在約450mAh/g,由圖12可以更進一步看出在250次充電-放電循環後,電量仍穩定維持在約400mAh/g。如圖9所示,實施例2選用厚度為50至100nm的矽片,厚度比實施例1更薄,第一次充電-放電的效率比實施例1更高,且三次充電-放電
循環的電量維持穩定。由上述可知,含有本發明負極材料組成物的鋰電池,隨充電-放電次數增加而導致電位下降的程度較小,使用壽命長。
綜上所述,本發明適用於鋰離子電池的負極材料組成物透過該含矽材料包含多數個矽片,該矽片的形狀有助於緩衝該含矽材料於充電時膨脹所產生的形變效果,避免負極崩裂;當用於鋰離子電池的負極材料時,可使該負極材料具有高電容量且經多次充電-放電循環後保持結構完整,使用壽命長,故確實能達成本發明之目的。
惟以上所述者,僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已,當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍,即大凡依本發明申請專利範圍及專利說明書內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾,皆仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。
2‧‧‧活性材料單元
21‧‧‧石墨材料
211‧‧‧石墨顆粒
22‧‧‧含矽材料
221‧‧‧矽片
23‧‧‧導電碳粉
3‧‧‧添加劑單元
31‧‧‧第一黏結劑
Claims (7)
- 一種適用於鋰離子電池的負極材料組成物,包含:一活性材料單元,包括一石墨材料及一含矽材料,該石墨材料具有多數石墨顆粒,該含矽材料具有多數均勻分散於該等石墨顆粒之間的矽片;一添加劑單元,包括一黏結該等石墨顆粒與該等矽片的第一黏結劑;其中,該等矽片具有一長度及一厚度,該厚度的範圍為20至300nm,且該長度與該厚度的比例範圍為2:1至2000:1。
- 如請求項1所述的適用於鋰離子電池的負極材料組成物,其中,以該活性材料單元的重量為100重量份計,該添加劑單元的用量範圍為3至100重量份。
- 如請求項1所述的適用於鋰離子電池的負極材料組成物,其中,以該活性材料單元的總重為100wt%計,該含矽材料的含量範圍為0.5至90wt%,該石墨材料的含量範圍為99.5至10wt%。
- 如請求項1所述的適用於鋰離子電池的負極材料組成物,該含矽材料還包含一應力緩衝結構劑,該應力緩衝結構劑具有多數個應力緩衝顆粒,該等應力緩衝顆粒具有一大於100GPa的楊氏模數且每一應力緩衝顆粒被鄰近的矽片所包覆。
- 如請求項4所述的適用於鋰離子電池的負極材料組成物,其中,該應力緩衝結構劑的材料是至少一種選自 於由下列所構成群組的化合物:碳化矽、氮化矽、氮化鈦、碳化鈦、碳化鎢、氮化鋁、鎵、鍺、硼、錫、銦,及前述之組合。
- 如請求項4所述的適用於鋰離子電池的負極材料組成物,其中,以該含矽材料的總重為100wt%計,該應力緩衝結構劑的用量範圍為0.5至90wt%。
- 如請求項1所述的適用於鋰離子電池的負極材料組成物,其中,該第一黏結劑是至少一種選自於由下列所構成群組的化合物:聚偏氯乙烯、聚氟亞乙烯、聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纖維素、澱粉、羥丙基纖維素、再生纖維素、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯-丙烯-二烯聚合物、磺化乙烯-丙烯-二烯聚合物、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠、氟橡膠,及前述之組合。
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| TW103101136A TWI549339B (zh) | 2014-01-13 | 2014-01-13 | Suitable for lithium-ion battery anode material composition |
| PCT/US2014/054928 WO2015105534A1 (en) | 2014-01-13 | 2014-09-10 | Anode material composition for a lithium ion battery |
| US15/111,387 US20160344018A1 (en) | 2014-01-13 | 2014-09-10 | Anode material composition for a lithium ion battery |
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| US10461373B2 (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2019-10-29 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Adding dry metal oxide for metal nitride particles to improve battery cycle life and power performance |
| KR102211835B1 (ko) | 2018-04-05 | 2021-02-02 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
| US12107267B2 (en) | 2019-02-28 | 2024-10-01 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Negative active material composite for rechargeable lithium battery, method of preparing the same, and negative electrode and rechargeable lithium battery including the same |
| US12057588B2 (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2024-08-06 | Eocell Limited | Silicon carbon nanocomposite (SCN) material, fabrication process therefor, and use thereof in an anode electrode of a lithium ion battery |
| WO2021226842A1 (zh) * | 2020-05-12 | 2021-11-18 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | 负极材料、负极极片、电化学装置和电子装置 |
| US20240113281A1 (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2024-04-04 | Enevate Corporation | Aqueous based anode with mechanical enhancement additives |
| CN115642246A (zh) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-01-24 | 东南大学 | 一种硅-碳-镓复合物电极材料、其制备方法及应用 |
| CN117352711B (zh) * | 2023-12-06 | 2024-01-30 | 上海巴库斯超导新材料有限公司 | 一种新型碳包覆硅与石墨复合的负极材料的制备工艺 |
| CN119852359A (zh) * | 2024-12-31 | 2025-04-18 | 上海交通大学 | 一种层状碳硅负极材料的制备方法 |
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| GB0709165D0 (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2007-06-20 | Nexeon Ltd | A silicon anode for a rechargeable battery |
| US7745047B2 (en) * | 2007-11-05 | 2010-06-29 | Nanotek Instruments, Inc. | Nano graphene platelet-base composite anode compositions for lithium ion batteries |
| GB201009519D0 (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2010-07-21 | Nexeon Ltd | An additive for lithium ion rechargeable battery cells |
| US9281515B2 (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2016-03-08 | Gholam-Abbas Nazri | Lithium battery with silicon-based anode and silicate-based cathode |
| US11502326B2 (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2022-11-15 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Negative active material for rechargeable lithium battery, method of preparing the same and rechargeable lithium battery including the same |
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- 2014-01-13 TW TW103101136A patent/TWI549339B/zh active
- 2014-09-10 WO PCT/US2014/054928 patent/WO2015105534A1/en not_active Ceased
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| US20160344018A1 (en) | 2016-11-24 |
| TWI549339B (zh) | 2016-09-11 |
| WO2015105534A1 (en) | 2015-07-16 |
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