TW201524368A - Method of manufacturing feed with nutritional ingredient - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method of manufacturing feed with nutritional value. The method comprises the following steps of: inoculating a fungus cultured with compost into agriculture wastes or feed ingredients to perform fermentation to obtain a preliminary fermentation product; and drying and grinding the preliminary fermentation product into powder to obtain the feed with nutrients, wherein, the weight ratio of the fungus cultured with compost and agriculture wastes or feed ingredients is 1:1. Therefore, the effects of reducing agriculture wastes, increasing feed nutritional ingredient and reducing culture cost are achieved.

Description

Method of manufacturing a nutrient-containing feed

The present invention relates to a method of making a feed, and more particularly to a method of producing a nutrient-containing feed by inoculating a fungus cultured in a space bag with agricultural waste or feed ingredients.

In recent years, in order to avoid the economic loss caused by disease transmission in the high livestock density environment, the aquaculture industry has added antibiotics such as penicillin, chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline or sulfonamide to the feed in the concept of prevention over treatment. Synthetic antibiotics such as sulfamethazine and sulfathiazole. However, this practice not only causes residual antibiotics in livestock carcasses (especially the liver), but also inevitably causes various pathogens to evolve resistant strains against these antibiotics, thereby entering antibiotics, so that the amount of addition must be increased repeatedly. Vicious circle.

Therefore, there are currently companies that add lactic acid bacteria to the feed to enhance the nutrients in the feed. For example, Taiwan Patent No. 585743 discloses a method for producing a feed additive containing active lactic acid bacteria and a feed additive containing the active lactic acid bacteria group obtained thereby. In this prior art, a mixed feed such as wheat, corn, etc. is first inoculated with rice bran, and after a series of fermentation processes, various Lactobacillus strains are inoculated therein. After about 3 to 10 days, a feed with a full gastrointestinal function can be obtained. However, the Lactobacillus strain used in this prior art needs to be purchased from the Food Industry Development Institute, which does not cost the breeder. In addition, the culture of Lactobacillus strains is mainly liquid culture, and if the control factors such as humidity or temperature are not properly controlled, other harmful microorganisms may be caused.

On the other hand, there are still a large amount of agricultural wastes in the environment, such as wheat straw or corn stalks. If these large amounts of agricultural waste cannot be properly disposed, they not only take up space, but also affect environmental sanitation and reduce the quality of life. If the agricultural waste is disposed of or incinerated, it may cause secondary pollution of water, soil and air.

In summary, if these agricultural wastes can be reused, it can not only solve the problem of waste polluting the rural environment, but also improve the land utilization rate. Therefore, how to reduce agricultural waste, increase feed nutrients, and reduce cultivation costs is an urgent issue.

In view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a nutrient-containing feed to achieve the effects of reducing agricultural waste, increasing feed nutrient content, and reducing cultivation cost.

According to the purpose of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a nutrient-containing feed is provided, which comprises the steps of inoculating a fungus cultured in a space bag to an agricultural waste or a feed material for fermentation for 2 to 12 days to obtain a preliminary fermentation. The product; and the preliminary fermentation product is dried and ground to obtain a nutrient-containing feed, wherein the weight ratio of the fungus cultivated in the space package to the agricultural waste or the feed material is 1:1.

Preferably, the agricultural waste or the feed material can be dried at a temperature of 90 to 120 ° C for 2 to 6 hours before the fermentation.

Preferably, when the fermentation is carried out, it is further included to add 25 wt% to 75 wt% of water.

Preferably, the fungus described above may comprise a white rot fungus.

Preferably, the above nutrient component may comprise a polysaccharide body, a crude triad, a total phenolic compound, adenosine, ergosterol, reducing sugar or a combination thereof.

Preferably, the agricultural waste may comprise rice straw, corn ear coat, peanut shell, analogs thereof or combinations thereof, and the feed material may comprise Bermuda grass, valerian, rice bran, analogs thereof or combinations thereof.

Preferably, the nutrient-derived feed produced by the method of the present invention is suitable for feeding poultry or livestock animals.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a feed prepared by the method of producing a feed having nutrients according to the present invention.

As described above, the method of manufacturing a nutrient-containing feed according to the present invention may have one or more of the following advantages:

(1) Since the method of the present invention utilizes a solid-state fermentation process, it has the advantages of low water activity, high enzyme activity, simple fermentation, simple treatment, less pollution, and no waste water discharge problem with respect to the liquid fermentation process.

(2) The present invention utilizes fungi to cultivate agricultural waste, and can effectively recycle the waste into a nutritious feed, which is beneficial to the growth of the fed animal.

S11~S13‧‧‧Steps

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a flow chart showing the steps of an embodiment of the method for producing a nutrient-containing feed of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a graph showing the results of fermentation of sterile water with different weight ratios of fungi and rice straw in different weight ratios according to the method of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a comparison of preliminary fermentation products at different fermentation times in accordance with the method of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a preliminary fermentation product for the 9th day of fermentation in accordance with the method of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a SEM image of lignocellulose from rice straw fermented on different days.

Figure 6 is a graph comparing the antioxidant capacity of a product prepared according to the method disclosed in the present invention.

Figure 7 is a graph comparing the effects of the products of the present invention at different concentrations on egg yolk cholesterol in eggs produced by chickens.

The technical features, contents, and advantages of the present invention, as well as the advantages thereof, can be understood by the present inventors, and the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The subject matter is only for the purpose of illustration and description. It is not intended to be a true proportion and precise configuration after the implementation of the present invention. Therefore, the scope and configuration relationship of the attached drawings should not be interpreted or limited. First described.

Please refer to Fig. 1, which is a flow chart showing the steps of an embodiment of the method for producing a nutrient-containing feed of the present invention. In Fig. 1, in step S11, the agricultural waste or the feed material is dried at a temperature of 90 to 120 ° C for 2 to 6 hours. Wherein, the agricultural waste may include rice straw, corn ear outer skin, peanut shell, its analog or a combination thereof, and the feed material may include Bermuda grass, valerian, rice bran, an analogue thereof, or a combination thereof. The conditions for drying the agricultural waste or the feed material are preferably dried at a temperature of 100 to 110 ° C for 3 to 5 hours.

In step S12, the fungus cultured in the space bag is inoculated into the above agricultural waste or feed raw material, and the fermentation is carried out for 2 to 12 days to obtain the preliminary fermentation product, wherein the fungus and agricultural waste or feed cultivated in the space package are used. The weight ratio of the raw materials is 1:1. The fungus may be a white rot fungus, which is first cultured in a space package containing wood chips, rice bran, and calcium carbonate. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and a white rot fungus may be cultured using a common matrix material such as wheat grain. . The fermentation may be carried out by adding 25 wt% to 75 wt% of sterile water, preferably 40 wt% to 60 wt% of sterile water. And the action time of the fermentation may preferably be 6-8 days.

In step S13, the obtained preliminary fermentation product is dried at a temperature of 55 to 75 ° C to obtain a nutrient-containing feed. The above-described method flow chart for producing a nutrient-containing feed of the present invention is for illustrative purposes only, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.

The method for producing a nutrient-containing feed of the present invention is to ferment a feed having a very high nutrient content by a solid-state fermentation process. Among them, the solid-state fermentation process refers to the cultivation of microorganisms in a relatively dry environment (compared to a liquid fermentation process) using some solid nutrient medium. In general, cereals or some agricultural wastes are commonly used mediums, which usually contain macromolecular substances such as starch mash, cellulose strontium, polysaccharide strontium, etc. Microorganisms need to produce various hydrolyzing enzymes in the process of growth to make effective use. These nutrients. Therefore, in this culture environment, microorganisms usually have a large activity for enzyme secretion, so the production of hydrolyzed enzymes by solid state fermentation is shallow. In addition, when the microorganisms use the solid-state fermentation medium, they will naturally climb or penetrate the medium to grow, resulting in a special growth pattern. Such growth patterns are not easily achieved in liquid fermentation, and are produced twice for certain microorganisms. Metabolites, this type of production is extremely important.

Furthermore, by using the method of the present invention, the agricultural waste or the feed raw material can be obtained by enzymes such as protease, cellulase and amylase after being biotransformed, so that the animal body has a relatively good nutrient digestion effect. In addition, by the method of the present invention, nutrients such as polysaccharides, crude triads, total phenolic compounds, adenosine, ergosterol, etc. in the feed can be greatly improved. For example, in the view of traditional medicine, polysaccharides and triterpenoids are considered to have effects such as detoxification, promoting blood circulation, enhancing immunity, reducing inflammation, fighting cancer, and prolonging life.

Therefore, in order to enable those skilled in the art to understand that the method of the present invention can be specifically implemented, it will be exemplified by the following embodiments. Here, it should be noted that the fungus and agricultural waste used in the present embodiment are exemplified by white rot fungi and rice straw, respectively, and are not limited thereto, and may be other fungi, and the culture parameters are not caused by Therefore, as a limitation, it must be included in the reasonable range as described above. In addition, the white rot fungi used in the following are first cultured in a space bag, and then weighed together with the space bag for the next test, instead of experimenting with fungi alone, which is described first.

In order to test the optimal culture conditions, in the present embodiment, the rice straw is washed and placed in an oven at a temperature of 105 ° C for 4 hours, and then divided into the following four groups for testing: (1) White rot fungus: Rice straw (3:1 by weight) + sterile water (50% wt), (2) white rot fungus: rice straw (3:1 by weight) + sterile water (25% wt), (3) white rot fungus: Rice straw (1:1 weight ratio) + sterile water (50% wt), (4) white rot fungus: rice straw (1:1 weight ratio) + sterile water (25% wt), (5) white rot fungus: Rice straw (1:3 by weight) + sterile water (50% wt), and (6) white rot fungus: rice straw (1:3 by weight) + sterile water (25% wt).

The above six groups of samples were subjected to solid state fermentation at room temperature for 9 days in the dark, and the results are shown in Fig. 2. Figure 2 shows the results of fermentation of sterile water with different weight ratios of fungi and rice straw in different weight ratios. As shown in the figure, the hyphae grown under the fermentation conditions of the group (3) are optimal, that is, the white rot fungus is inoculated into the waste straw with a weight percentage of 1:1, and 50% wt is added. The sterile water is subjected to solid state fermentation. Therefore, the subsequent examples will be fermented under such conditions.

In another embodiment, to confirm the effect of different fermentation days on the solid fermentation results, 5 g of white rot fungus is inoculated into 5 g of the fragmented rice straw, and 10 ml of sterile water is added. Solid state fermentation. Then, the preliminary fermentation products were collected on the 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days of the fermentation, respectively, and the flour was dried at a temperature of 65 ° C to obtain feeds of different days of fermentation.

For the fermentation result, please refer to FIG. 3, which is a comparison diagram of preliminary fermentation products of different fermentation time according to the method of the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4, which is a method for performing fermentation according to the method of the present invention. 9 days of preliminary fermentation product. It can be seen from Fig. 3 that the growth of hyphae is apparent on the third day of fermentation, and the hyphae have been covered with the surface of the rice straw on the seventh day of fermentation. Referring also to Fig. 4, it can be found that the hyphae have grown to the inside of the fermented rice straw and are covered with the surface of the rice straw.

The white rot fungus is characterized in that it has a decomposing enzyme which can decompose lignin and cellulose, and can be converted into glucose. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the above-mentioned rice straw which is solid-state fermented in different days is subjected to a scanning electron microscope ( Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observed the decomposition of the lignocellulosic layer, and the results are shown in Fig. 5.

Figure 5 is an SEM image of lignocellulose from rice straw fermented on different days. It can be seen from the figure that lignocellulose is slightly decomposed on the first day of fermentation, and as the number of fermentation days increases, the decomposition of lignocellulose becomes more and more obvious. Next, calculate the degradation rate of lignocellulose in each group, as shown in Table 1:

Table I

It can be seen from Table 1 that compared with the rice straw on the 0th day of fermentation, the rice straw that has been fermented for 1 day has a lignocellulose degradation rate of about 2%, while the rice straw that has been fermented for 7 days has an increase of about 10%. Degradation rate.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the activity of the protease (casein), the α-amylase, and the cellulase contained in the rice straw which is solid-state fermented on different days is separately detected by an enzyme diffusion method. The results are shown in Tables 2 to 4.

Table II

Table 3

Table 4

From Tables 2 to 4, it can be seen that in terms of protease, the protease activity on day 9 of fermentation was increased by 15.93% compared with the first day of fermentation. For the α-amylase, the α-amylase activity on the 9th day of fermentation was 12.67% higher than that on the 1st day of fermentation. In terms of cellulase activity, the activity of cellulase increased on the third day of fermentation, and increased by 63.13% on the 9th day of fermentation compared to the first day of fermentation. This result shows that the product obtained by the method disclosed in the present invention has an improved protease, α-amylase, and cellulase activity.

In another embodiment of the present invention, total phenolics, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and crudes in a nutrient-containing feed obtained by the method disclosed by the present invention are detected. The contents of triterpenoid, reducing sugars, adenosine, and ergosterol are shown in Tables 5 to 10.

Table 5

The total phenolic content is significantly proportional to the antioxidant capacity, especially related to the ability to scavenge DPPH free radicals. In this test, gallic acid was used as a standard curve to measure the total phenol content. As shown in Table 5, the total phenolic amount increased on the third day of fermentation, and the total phenolic content was highest at the 7th day of fermentation and decreased at the 9th day of fermentation.

Table 6

Flavonoids, also known as bioflavonoids, are secondary metabolites in plants. In past studies, flavonoids have been shown to have antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant and free radical scavenging abilities. In this test, quercetin (uercrtin) was used as a standard curve to measure the content of flavonoids. As shown in Table 6, when the content of flavonoids increased on the third day of fermentation, the flavonoid content reached the highest on the 9th day of fermentation.

Table 7

The polysaccharides of mushroom mites have anti-aging, lower cholesterol, promote insulin secretion and strengthen the immune system. In this test, glucose was used as a standard curve to measure the content of polysaccharides. As shown in Table 7, when the polysaccharide content increased on the third day of fermentation, the total phenol content was highest at the 7th day of fermentation and decreased at the 9th day of fermentation.

Table eight

The compound is a natural antioxidant active substance and has a wide range of biological activities, and its effects are hemolysis, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. As shown in Table 8, the content of the crude three-posts began to increase on the first day of fermentation, and reached the highest on the 9th day of fermentation.

Table 9

The reducing sugars include monosaccharides and disaccharides such as glucose, fructose, glyceraldehyde, lactose, and maltose. When it is in an alkaline solution, it can release an aldehyde group and a ketone group, and the reducing ability of the monosaccharide mainly comes from the aldehyde group, and after reduction, it is converted into a sugar acid. As shown in Table 9, the reducing sugar content began to increase on the first day of fermentation, tended to be flat after the third day, and reached the highest on the ninth day of fermentation.

Table ten

Adenosine is a compound composed of ribofuranose and adenine, and is linked by a β-glycosidic bond. Its adenosine is biochemically transferred by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), or in a ring. Adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) transmits signals and has antibacterial, antiviral and antitumor effects. It can be seen from Table 10 that the adenosine content increases with the number of days, and the yield is close to the level on the 7th day, and then the yield begins to slow down, and the content is highest by the 9th day.

Table XI

In animals, ergosterol is a precursor to vitamin D, which produces vitamin D2 after exposure to ultraviolet light. The main function is to promote the absorption and storage of phosphorus and calcium in the intestine, and to increase the concentration of calcium and phosphorus in the blood. When added in the diet, the nutritional value of milk, meat and eggs can be significantly improved. As can be seen from Table 11, the ergosterol content began to increase on the first day, then increased with the number of fermentation days, and reached the highest on the 9th day.

It can be understood from the results of Tables 5 to 11 above that the products obtained by the method disclosed by the present invention have total phenol, flavonoids, crude polysaccharides, crude triads, reducing sugars, adenosine, ergosterol, etc. Nutritional ingredients, and on the 7th day of fermentation, have a better total nutrient content.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the product obtained by the method of the present invention is subjected to oxidation resistance analysis, the results of which are shown in Fig. 6, and Fig. 6 is a method according to the method disclosed in the present invention. Comparison of the antioxidant capacity of the product. Among them, the product obtained by the method of the present invention (fermentation for 7 days) and the ability of the unfermented rice straw to scavenge DPPH radicals were compared, and the conventional antioxidant BHT was used as a positive control group. It can be seen from Fig. 6 that the raw rice straw has a clearance rate of about 29.2% at a concentration of 2 mg/ml when not inoculated with white rot fungus, and 76.8 at a concentration of 2 mg/ml compared with 7 days after fermentation. % shows that the product obtained according to the method of the present invention is clearly capable of scavenging DPPH radicals.

In still another embodiment of the present invention, the product obtained according to the method disclosed by the present invention is added to the laying hen feed at different concentrations to detect the production performance of the laying hen and the quality of the egg. In the present embodiment, the laying hen feed is taken as an example, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and it may be added to feed of various poultry animals or livestock animals.

In this example, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% by weight of the product obtained by the method of the present invention were separately added to the hen feed, and the groups were compared at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks of feeding, respectively. The growth status of the chicken includes egg production weight, egg production rate, feed intake, and feed rate. Among them, the control group was added with 2% by weight of corn kernels in the feed, while the rich control group was added with 2% unfermented rice straw in the feed.

The results showed that in the group to which 1.0% and 2.0% of the product of the present invention was added, the egg production rate was higher than that of the control group and the negative control group, and there was a significant difference at the 16th week (p<0.05). In terms of the feed rate, the group of the products of the present invention at different concentrations was lower than the control group and the negative control group after the 8th week, and the effects of the groups of 1.0% and 2.0% added at the 16th week. optimal.

Next, the content of cholesterol in the egg yolk produced by each group of chickens was analyzed, and the results are shown in Fig. 7. Figure 7 is a graph comparing the effects of the products of the present invention at different concentrations on egg yolk cholesterol in eggs produced by chickens.

The results showed that at the 4th week of feeding, the cholesterol in the egg yolk began to decrease in the control group and the group in which the three different concentrations of the product of the present invention were added, and at the 16th week, the yolk cholesterol content of the experimental group was Both were lower than the control group and the negative control group. Adding 0.5% and 1.0% of the group had a significant decrease in egg yolk cholesterol content before feeding at the 12th week, but had no significant effect after the 12th week; adding 2.0% of the group to the egg yolk cholesterol content in the 4th Weekly had a significant effect, and the impact was greater, but after the 8th week, it had no significant effect on egg yolk cholesterol. By the 16th week, the yolk cholesterol content was the lowest, and lower than the other groups, including the 16th week. The group added with 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% decreased by 6.71%, 9.7%, and 13.12%, respectively, compared with the negative control group.

The above results show that the feed added with the product obtained by the method disclosed in the present invention can increase the egg production rate of the feeding chicken and reduce the egg exchange rate, and the egg is produced as the proportion of the added egg is higher. The lower the cholesterol content of the egg yolk.

The chickens in the above experiment collected blood at the 4th, 8th, 12th, and 16th week of feeding, and analyzed the superoxide dismutase (SOD) content in the blood. The results showed that in the group of products obtained by adding the different ratios of the method of the present invention, the superoxide dismutase content in the blood of the chicken was slightly higher than that of the control group at the 8th week of feeding, and at the 12th. There were significant differences in the week. From the above results, it is known that the addition of the feed of the product obtained by the method disclosed in the present invention can increase the content of superoxide dismutase in the blood of the fed chicken.

In summary, according to the method disclosed by the present invention, the agricultural waste or the feed raw material can be made into a feed having a plurality of nutrients, and the waste can be efficiently recovered and reused by a simple solid-state fermentation process, and The resulting product can be used as a feed for feeding poultry or livestock animals, which is beneficial to the growth of these animals.

The above is intended to be illustrative only and not limiting. Any equivalent modifications or alterations to the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included in the scope of the appended claims.

no.

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Claims (9)

A method of making a nutrient-containing feed comprising the following steps:
Inoculating a fungus cultured in a space bag to an agricultural waste or a feed material for a fermentation for 2 to 12 days to obtain a preliminary fermentation product; and drying the preliminary fermentation product to obtain the article Feed for nutrients,
The weight ratio of the fungus cultured in the space package to the agricultural waste or the feed material is 1:1. The method for manufacturing a nutrient-containing feed according to claim 1, further comprising drying the agricultural waste or the feed material at a temperature of 90 to 120 ° C for 2 to 6 before the fermentation. hour. The method for producing a nutrient-containing feed according to claim 2, wherein the fermentation further comprises adding 25 wt% to 75 wt% of water. A method of producing a nutritious feed according to the invention of claim 1, wherein the fungus comprises a white rot fungus. The method for producing a nutrient-containing feed according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient component comprises a polysaccharide body, a crude triad, a total phenolic compound, adenosine, ergosterol, reducing sugar or a combination thereof. . The method of manufacturing a nutrient-containing feed according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the agricultural waste comprises rice straw, corn ear coat, peanut shell or a combination thereof. A method of producing a nutrient-containing feed according to claim 1, wherein the feed material comprises Bermuda grass, alfalfa, or rice bran or a combination thereof. The method for producing a nutrient-containing feed according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient-containing feed is suitable for feeding poultry or livestock animals. A feed obtained by the method for producing a nutritious feed according to claim 1 of the patent application.