TW201504053A - 聚四氟乙烯多孔質複合體及其製造方法 - Google Patents
聚四氟乙烯多孔質複合體及其製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明係一種聚四氟乙烯多孔質複合體,其具有聚四氟乙烯多孔質膜、支持上述聚四氟乙烯多孔質膜之多孔質支持層、接著於上述聚四氟乙烯多孔質膜之接著劑層、及接著於上述接著劑層之多孔質補強層,且上述接著劑層為熔點或不存在熔點之情形時之玻璃轉移點未達260℃之氟樹脂的層。
Description
本發明係關於一種聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)多孔質複合體及其製造方法。此處,所謂PTFE多孔質複合體,係指以由以PTFE作為主體之氟樹脂構成之多孔質膜(PTFE多孔質膜)、其支持層及其等之補強層構成之複合體。
PTFE係具有優異之耐熱性、耐化學品性之樹脂。藉由使將以該PTFE作為主體之氟樹脂之粒子成形為膜狀並進行燒結而獲得之膜延伸,可獲得具有均勻且微細之孔徑之PTFE多孔質膜。該PTPE多孔質膜係由PTFE素材構成,故而耐熱性、耐化學品性優異,且具有均勻且微細之孔徑,亦容易獲得高孔隙率,因此被用作用以將微細之雜質粒子自液體中去除之過濾器。並且,例如於專利文獻1中記載有該PTFE多孔質膜與作為其支持層之多孔質體之組合(以下,稱為「貼合體」)及其製造方法。該貼合體例如於半導體製造領域中較佳地用作用以將異物自蝕刻液、洗淨液等中去除之過濾器。
近年來,半導體製造領域中加工之微細化不斷推進,隨著微細加工技術之進步而被期望自蝕刻液、洗淨液等中去除之異物之尺寸亦不斷微細化。因此,謀求過濾器孔徑之微細化,但過濾器孔徑之微細化會使處理流量降低。若為了維持處理流量而使PTFE多孔質膜薄膜化,則會使膜
之機械強度降低。
又,於將如專利文獻1中記載之PTFE多孔質膜與其支持層之貼合體用作過濾器之情形時,為了獲得大的過濾面積,多數情況下製成形成有折褶之褶襉(pleats)狀而設置於過濾器。但是,亦存在於折褶之彎折部容易產生由PTFE多孔質膜之破損引起之洩漏或PTFE多孔質膜之孔徑之擴大的問題。因此,為了維持微細之孔徑、高處理流量,並且具有優異之機械強度,且亦可維持PTFE膜原本所具有之耐熱性、耐化學品性,期望開發出如專利文獻1中記載之PTFE多孔質膜與其支持層之貼合體之補強技術。
PTFE多孔質膜與其支持層之貼合體之補強係藉由多孔質補強層而進行。並且,廣泛使用將該補強層貼合於PTFE多孔質膜與其支持層之貼合體之PTFE多孔質膜而賦予有機械強度之複合體作為過濾器。關於補強層,為了具有優異之機械強度而為相對較厚之膜,另一方面,為了不使過濾之處理流量降低而為具有大於PTFE多孔質膜之孔徑之多孔質膜。
補強層與PTFE多孔質膜之接著係藉由如下方法而進行:將補強層與PTFE多孔質膜簡單地貼合後加熱至PTFE之熔點以上而使之熔合;使用四氟乙烯-全氟烷基-乙烯基醚共聚物(PFA)、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物(FEP)等作為接著劑而接著補強層等。於使用接著劑之情形時,對補強層與PTFE多孔質膜間賦予PFA或FEP等分散液之層,並進行加熱使PFA或FEP等熔融而進行接著。因此,該情形時,為了接著亦必須加熱至PFA或FEP等之熔點以上。
專利文獻1:日本專利4371176號公報
近年來,對於作為半導體製造等中所使用之過濾器之PTFE多孔質複合體,有期望平均流量孔徑30nm左右或其以下之平均流量孔徑之情況。但是,於如上所述之利用簡單之熔合之方法或使用PFA或FEP等進行接著之方法中,需要高溫之加熱且會因加熱而導致孔徑擴大。因此,無法維持微細之多孔質構造而無法獲得未達40nm之孔徑。
本發明之課題在於提供一種具有微細之孔徑,並且維持高處理流量或優異之機械強度,且PTFE膜原本所具有之優異之耐熱性、耐化學品性亦得以維持的PTFE多孔質複合體及其製造方法。本發明之課題尤其在於提供一種可應對近年來之要求之具有未達40nm之孔徑,可獲得大之處理流量,並且即便於製成褶襉狀之情形時,亦不會於折褶之彎折部產生PTFE多孔質膜之破損或孔徑之擴大的PTFE多孔質複合體及其製造方法。
(1)本發明之一態樣係一種PTFE多孔質複合體,其具有PTFE多孔質膜、支持上述PTFE多孔質膜之多孔質支持層、接著於上述PTFE多孔質膜之接著劑層、及接著於上述接著劑層之多孔質補強層,且上述接著劑層為熔點或不存在熔點之情形時之玻璃轉移點未達260℃之氟樹脂的層。
(2)又,本發明之另一態樣係一種PTFE多孔質複合體之製造方法,其具有使以PTFE作為主體之無孔質氟樹脂膜與作為其支持層之多孔質層之貼合體延伸而將上述無孔質氟樹脂膜製成PTFE多孔質膜之步驟;於上述PTFE多孔質膜之表面形成接著劑層之步驟;及於上述接著劑層接著多孔質補強層之步驟;且上述接著劑層為熔點或不存在熔點之情形時之玻璃轉移點未達260℃之氟樹脂的層,及於上述熔點或玻璃轉移點以上之溫度且未達
260℃之溫度進行上述接著補強層之步驟。
本發明之PTFE多孔質複合體維持PTFE膜原本所具有之優異之耐熱性、耐化學品性,並且具有優異之機械強度。尤其為即便於製成褶襉狀之情形時之折褶之彎折部亦不會產生PTFE多孔質膜之破損或孔徑之擴大的PTFE多孔質複合體。又,根據本發明之PTFE多孔質複合體之製造方法,可獲得維持微細之孔徑及大之處理流量,且於製成褶襉狀之情形時之折褶之彎折部不會產生PTFE多孔質膜之破損或孔徑之擴大的具有優異之機械強度或特性之PTFE多孔質複合體。
其次,具體地說明用以實施本發明之形態,但本發明並不限定於該形態或實施例,只要無損本發明之主旨,則可變更為其他形態。
本發明人進行潛心研究,結果發現以下,從而完成本發明。使用由熔點或不存在熔點之情形時之玻璃轉移點未達260℃之氟樹脂構成的接著劑,於上述熔點或玻璃轉移點以上之溫度且未達260℃下進行PTFE多孔質膜與成為補強層之多孔質體之利用接著劑的接著。藉此,可獲得維持微細之孔徑及高處理流量,即便於製成褶襉狀之情形時之折褶之彎折部亦不會產生PTFE多孔質膜之破損或孔徑之擴大的具有優異之機械強度之PTFE多孔質複合體。即,上述課題可藉由以下所示之構成而解決。
本發明之第1態樣係一種PTFE多孔質複合體,其具有PTFE多孔質膜、支持上述PTFE多孔質膜之多孔質支持層、接著於上述PTFE多
孔質膜之接著劑層、及接著於上述接著劑層之多孔質補強層,且上述接著劑層為熔點或不存在熔點之情形時之玻璃轉移點未達260℃之氟樹脂的層。
PTFE多孔質膜與其支持層之貼合體例如可利用專利文獻1(日本專利4371176號公報)中記載之方法製造。即,可藉由如下方法而獲得:使以PTFE作為主體之氟樹脂之粒子成形為膜狀後將粒子間燒結而形成無孔質PTFE膜,於該無孔質PTFE膜貼合成為支持層之多孔質層,使藉由上述貼合獲得之無孔質PTFE膜與支持層之貼合體延伸而使上述無孔質PTFE膜多孔質化。本發明之PTFE多孔質複合體係於以如上方式製作之PTFE多孔質膜與其支持層之貼合體藉由上述接著劑層接著補強層而形成。
再者,所謂以PTFE作為主體,意指含有50質量%以上之PTFE,但亦可於無損本發明之主旨之範圍內含有其他樹脂。其中,含有80質量%以上之PTFE者之耐化學品性或耐熱性等PTFE所具有之優異之特性更為顯著,故而較佳。
本發明之特徵在於:將PTFE多孔質膜與補強層貼合之接著劑層由熔點或不存在熔點之情形時之玻璃轉移點未達260℃之氟樹脂構成。藉由使用熔點或不存在熔點之情形時之玻璃轉移點未達260℃之氟樹脂,可於未達260℃下進行藉由接著劑層將PTFE多孔質膜與補強層接著之步驟。其結果,可防止由接著步驟中之加熱引起之PTFE多孔質膜之孔徑之擴大。又,可獲得即便於製成褶襉狀之情形時之折褶之彎折部亦不會產生PTFE多孔質膜之破損或孔徑之擴大的具有優異之機械強度或特性之PTFE多孔質複合體。作為構成接著劑層之氟樹脂,更佳為熔點或不存在熔點之情形時之玻璃轉移點未達200℃之氟樹脂。
作為構成接著劑層之上述熔點或不存在熔點之情形時之玻璃轉移點未達260℃之氟樹脂,可較佳地使用溶劑可溶性且耐熱性、耐化學品性之氟系離子交換樹脂或非晶質氟樹脂。作為此種氟系離子交換樹脂,
可使用以Nafion(註冊商標,杜邦公司製造)或AQUIVION(註冊商標,Solvay Specialty Polymers Japan公司製造)等商品名市售之塗料或分散有氟樹脂粒子之分散液等。所謂非晶質氟樹脂,係指非晶質之氟樹脂,且可溶解於溶劑之樹脂。作為非晶質氟樹脂,可使用以Cytop(旭硝子公司製造)、Teflon(註冊商標)AF(Mitsui-DuPont Fluorochemicals公司製造)、Algoflon AD(Solvay Specialty Polymers Japan公司製造)等商品名市售者。
上述PTFE多孔質膜之平均流量孔徑較佳為未達40nm。藉由使用具有此種微細孔徑之PTFE多孔質膜,而成為具有可應對半導體製造領域等中近年來之要求之特性之過濾器。未達40nm之平均流量孔徑可藉由調整延伸率等而獲得,但習知會因接著補強層之步驟中之加熱而導致孔徑擴大,而難以獲得未達40nm之平均流量孔徑。但是,根據本發明,可防止接著步驟中之孔徑之擴大而獲得未達40nm之平均流量孔徑。
對於本發明之PTFE多孔質複合體,期望耐熱性、耐化學品性優異,因此構成複合體之上述多孔質體之補強層可較佳地使用由PTFE構成之多孔質體。例如可列舉將利用日本專利特公昭42-13560號公報中記載之方法製造之以PTFE作為主體而成之膜延伸使之多孔質化而成之多孔質膜。更具體而言,可使用以Poreflon HP-045-30(Sumitomo Electric Fine Polymer公司製造之經延伸之PTFE多孔質體)等商品名市售者。
如上所述,由於要求優異之機械強度,故而上述多孔質體之補強層為相對較厚之膜,另一方面,為了不使過濾之處理流量降低而為具有大於PTFE多孔質膜之孔徑之多孔質膜。通常,可較佳地使用厚度為5~200μm左右、平均流量孔徑為0.1~5μm左右之由以PTFE作為主體之氟樹脂構成之多孔質體。
本發明之第2態樣係一種PTFE多孔質複合體之製造方法,其具有使以PTFE作為主體之無孔質氟樹脂膜與作為其支持層之多孔質層
之貼合體延伸而將上述無孔質氟樹脂膜製成PTFE多孔質膜之步驟;於上述PTFE多孔質膜之表面形成接著劑層之步驟;及於上述接著劑層接著多孔質補強層之步驟;且上述接著劑層為熔點或不存在熔點之情形時之玻璃轉移點未達260℃之氟樹脂之層,及於上述熔點或玻璃轉移點以上之溫度且未達260℃之溫度進行上述接著補強層之步驟。
上述以PTFE作為主體之無孔質氟樹脂膜較佳為以PTFE作為主體,且無大孔等缺陷之無孔質膜(格利秒(Gurley second)大之膜)。藉由將該膜延伸而獲得PTFE多孔質膜,延伸之程度較佳為於平均流量孔徑成為未達40nm之範圍內進行。
期望上述支持層為具有大於氟樹脂多孔質膜之孔徑之多孔質體,且機械強度等優異,因此可較佳地使用氟樹脂多孔質體。無孔質氟樹脂膜係貼合於該支持層,故而多孔質支持層亦會隨著延伸而延伸。
於藉由延伸而形成之PTFE多孔質膜(以PTFE作為主體之氟樹脂之多孔質膜)與其支持層之貼合體的PTFE多孔質膜側(即,與支持層相反之面)形成上述接著劑之層,於該接著劑之層貼合上述多孔質補強層。貼合後,藉由進行加熱而使PTFE多孔質膜與上述多孔質補強層接著,該加熱係於構成接著劑之氟樹脂之熔點或玻璃轉移點以上且未達260℃之溫度進行。若該加熱之溫度為低於構成接著劑之氟樹脂之熔點之溫度、於氟樹脂不具有熔點之情形時為低於玻璃轉移點之溫度,則無法獲得充分之接著。另一方面,於260℃以上之情形時,孔徑擴大而不易獲得未達40nm之孔徑。
於本發明之製造方法中,更佳為使用熔點或不存在熔點之情形時之玻璃轉移點未達200℃之氟樹脂作為構成上述接著劑層之氟樹脂,於該氟樹脂之熔點或玻璃轉移點以上且未達200℃之溫度進行接著步驟中之加熱,可更有效果地防止接著步驟中之PTFE多孔質膜之孔徑之擴大。
首先,對以下之實施例、比較例中進行之各種測定之方法進行說明。
對衝壓成47mm之大小之樣品之重量進行測定,由其重量、及樣品之體積(面積×厚度)、氟樹脂(PTFE)之真比重2.25g/cm3算出孔隙率。
藉由微孔分佈測定器(Perm-Porometer CFP-1500A:Porous Materials,Inc製造),使用GALWICK(丙烯,1,1,2,3,3,3氧化六氫氟酸(Porous Materials,Inc製造))作為液體而進行測定。具體而言,以如下方式求出。首先,針對膜經乾燥之情形與膜經液體潤濕之情形,測定對膜所施加之差壓與透過膜之空氣流量之關係,將所獲得之曲線圖分別設為乾燥曲線及潤濕曲線。將令乾燥曲線之流量為1/2之曲線與潤濕曲線之交點處之差壓設為P(Pa)。根據下式,求出平均流量孔徑。
平均流量孔徑d(μm)=c γ/P
此處,c為常數且為2860,γ為液體之表面張力(dynes/cm)。
測定使異丙醇(IPA)以0.1MPa之差壓透過時的每單位面積(1cm2)之流量。
使用PTFE分散液AD911(旭硝子公司製造)、MFA乳膠(Solvay Specialty Polymers Japan公司製造)及PFA分散液920HP(固形物成分60質量%;Mitsui-DuPont Fluorochemicals公司製造)。製作MFA/(PTFE+MFA+PFA)(氟樹脂固形物成分之體積比率)及PFA/(PTFE+MFA+PFA)(氟樹脂固形物成分之體積比率)分別為2%之氟樹脂分散液,進而以濃度成為3mg/
ml之方式添加分子量200萬之聚環氧乙烷而製作氟樹脂分散液。
將厚度50μm之鋁箔於玻璃平板上以無褶皺之方式展開並固定。滴加上述獲得之氟樹脂分散液後,使Nippon Bearing公司製造之不鏽鋼製之滑動軸(商品名:Stainless Fine Shaft SNSF型,外徑20mm)滾動而將氟樹脂分散液以成為均勻之方式於鋁箔一面延展。
使該箔以於80℃乾燥1小時、於250℃加熱1小時、於340℃加熱1小時之順序經過各步驟後,自然冷卻而形成固定於鋁箔上之氟樹脂膜(以PTFE作為主體之無孔質氟樹脂膜)。由形成氟樹脂膜之前後之鋁箔之每單位面積之重量差與氟樹脂之真比重(2.25g/cm3)算出的氟樹脂膜之平均厚度為約3μm。
其次,於利用蒸餾水將PFA分散液920HP稀釋成4倍體積所得之PFA分散液中,進而以濃度成為3mg/ml之方式添加分子量200萬之聚氧乙烯,而調整稀釋4倍之PFA分散液。
將固定於鋁箔上之氟樹脂膜於玻璃平板上以無褶皺之方式展開並固定,滴加上述製作之稀釋4倍之PFA分散液後,與上述同樣地使Nippon Bearing公司製造之不鏽鋼製之滑動軸滾動而使稀釋4倍之PFA分散液均勻地延展於鋁箔一面。與此同時,於水分未乾燥期間,被覆孔徑0.45μm、厚度80μm之經延伸之PTFE多孔質體(Sumitomo Denko Fine Polymer公司製造;商品名:Poreflon FP-045-80)(IPA-BP:150kPa,孔隙率:70%,格利秒:9.1秒)。
其後,依序經過於80℃乾燥1小時、於250℃加熱1小時、於320℃加熱1小時、於317.5℃加熱8小時之各步驟。其後,在自然冷卻而獲得於延伸PTFE多孔質體上,藉由熔點低於PTFE之熱塑性之PFA接著有由以PTFE作為主體之PTFE、MFA及PFA之混合物構成的無孔質氟樹脂
膜,進而於其上固定有鋁箔的複合體。繼而,藉由鹽酸將鋁箔溶解去除,而獲得試樣(無孔質PTFE膜之積層體)。
其次,使用拉伸試驗機將該試樣以溫度15℃、夾頭間距55mm、衝程165mm(延伸率200%)沿寬度方向延伸。其後,進而利用同一拉伸試驗機以溫度60℃、夾頭間距55mm、衝程88mm(延伸率60%)沿與寬度方向正交之方向延伸。將該延伸後之試樣(支持層與PTFE多孔質膜之貼合體)設為NM1。NM1之平均流量孔徑為32.7nm,顯示藉由延伸而多孔質化之氟樹脂膜具有非常微細之連續孔。又,IPA流量為1.19ml/min.cm3。
藉由與上述相同之條件,進一步進行2次經延伸之試樣(支持層與PTFE多孔質膜之貼合體)之製造。將所獲得之延伸後之試樣分別設為NM2、NM3。NM2及NM3之平均流量孔徑分別為30.7nm及32.9nm。又,NM2及NM3之IPA流量分別為0.97ml/min.cm3及1.05ml/min.cm3。
將AQUIVION DISPERSION AC D83-24B(Solvay Specialty Polymers Japan公司製造,氟系離子交換樹脂:固形物成分24質量%,玻璃轉移溫度:約220℃)稀釋為20倍,利用羽毛以相對於膜之1m2成為12ml之方式均勻地塗佈於上述獲得之NM2之PTFE多孔質膜側。於塗佈層上貼合Poreflon HP-045-30(Sumitomo Electric Fine Polymer公司製造之經延伸之PTFE多孔質體,平均流量孔徑:152.0nm,IPA流量:13.88ml/min.cm3),以220℃×120分鐘進行加熱,進行NM2與Poreflon HP-045-30(補強層)之接著。接著後之平均流量孔徑為33.6nm(相對於接著前之30.7nm為109.4%),IPA流量為0.88ml/min.cm3(相對於接著前之0.97ml/min.cm3為90.7%)。
將接著之溫度設為120℃,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式進行
NM2與Poreflon HP-045-30(補強層)之接著,但無法獲得充分之接著。
將Algoflon AD-60(非晶質氟樹脂,Solvay Specialty Polymers Japan公司製造,玻璃轉移溫度:125℃)添加至IPA 35ml及水86ml中,利用均質機進行混合而製作固形物成分濃度1質量%之接著劑液。利用羽毛將該接著劑液以相對於膜之1m2成為12ml之方式均勻地塗佈於上述獲得之NM3之PTFE多孔質膜側。於塗佈層上貼合Poreflon HP-045-30(Sumitomo Electric Fine Polymer公司製造之經延伸之PTFE多孔質體,平均流量孔徑:152.0nm,IPA流量:13.88ml/min.cm3),以150℃×120分鐘進行加熱,進行NM3與Poreflon HP-045-30(補強層)之接著。接著後之平均流量孔徑為32.0nm(相對於接著前之32.9nm為97.3%),IPA流量為0.94ml/min.cm3(相對於接著前之1.05ml/min.cm3為89.5%)。
利用羽毛將FEP(熔點260℃)均勻地塗佈於上述獲得之NM1之PTFE多孔質膜側。於塗佈層上貼合Poreflon HP-045-30(Sumitomo Electric Fine Polymer公司製造之經延伸之PTFE多孔質體,平均流量孔徑:152.0nm,IPA流量:13.88ml/min.cm3),以250℃×120分鐘進行加熱,進行NM1與Poreflon HP-045-30(補強層)之接著,但未獲得充分之接著。
將接著之溫度設為270℃,除此以外,以與比較例2相同之方式進行NM1與Poreflon HP-045-30(補強層)之接著。接著後之平均流量孔徑為43.4nm(相對於接著前之32.7nm為132.7%),IPA流量1.28ml/min.cm3(相對於接著前之1.19ml/min.cm3為107.6%)。
使用玻璃轉移溫度為約220℃之AQUIVION DISPERSION AC D83-24B(氟系離子交換樹脂)或玻璃轉移溫度為125℃之Algoflon AD
-60(非晶質氟樹脂)作為接著劑。於未達260℃之溫度(220℃、150℃)進行接著之實施例1或實施例2中,接著步驟中無孔徑之擴大或即便有亦較小,而獲得未達40nm之孔徑之複合體。另一方面,使用熔點為260℃之FEP作為接著劑且於270℃進行接著之比較例2中,接著步驟中孔徑擴大,而無法獲得未達40nm之孔徑之複合體。根據該結果,顯示藉由於未達260℃之溫度進行接著步驟,而抑制接著步驟中之孔徑之擴大,獲得未達40nm之孔徑之複合體。
於低於接著劑之熔點或玻璃轉移溫度之溫度下進行接著之比較例1(相對於玻璃轉移溫度220℃為120℃)、比較例2(相對於熔點260℃為250℃)中,未獲得充分之接著。根據該結果,顯示接著步驟之溫度必須設為接著劑之熔點或玻璃轉移溫度以上。
將由實施例1中獲得之NM2與Poreflon HP-045-30(補強層)構成之複合體於其中心線處折成兩折,使直徑50mm之不鏽鋼製輥於其折縫上滾動。其後,將複合體展開而測定平均流量孔徑及IPA流量,但與折成兩折前相比幾乎無變化。根據該結果,可認為本發明之PTFE多孔質複合體即便於製成褶襉狀之情形時,亦不易產生折褶之彎折部之膜之破損或孔徑之擴大。
Claims (6)
- 一種聚四氟乙烯多孔質複合體,其具有聚四氟乙烯多孔質膜、支持該聚四氟乙烯多孔質膜之多孔質支持層、接著於該聚四氟乙烯多孔質膜之接著劑層、及接著於該接著劑層之多孔質補強層;該接著劑層為熔點或不存在熔點之情形時之玻璃轉移點未達260℃之氟樹脂的層。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之聚四氟乙烯多孔質複合體,其中,該熔點或不存在熔點之情形時之玻璃轉移點未達260℃之氟樹脂為氟系離子交換樹脂或非晶質氟樹脂。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之聚四氟乙烯多孔質複合體,其中,該聚四氟乙烯多孔質膜之平均流量孔徑為40nm。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之聚四氟乙烯多孔質複合體,其中,該多孔質補強層為聚四氟乙烯多孔質體。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之聚四氟乙烯多孔質複合體,其中,該多孔質補強層為聚四氟乙烯多孔質體。
- 一種聚四氟乙烯多孔質複合體之製造方法,其具有下述步驟:使以聚四氟乙烯作為主體之無孔質氟樹脂膜與作為其支持層之多孔質層之貼合體延伸而將該無孔質氟樹脂膜製成聚四氟乙烯多孔質膜;於該聚四氟乙烯多孔質膜之表面形成接著劑層;及於該接著劑層接著多孔質補強層;且該接著劑層為熔點或不存在熔點之情形時之玻璃轉移點未達260℃之氟樹脂的層,及於該熔點或玻璃轉移點以上之溫度且未達260℃之溫度進行該接著補強層之步驟。
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